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A Design of Triplexer Based On A 2×2 Butterfly MMI Coupler and A Directional Coupler Using Silicon Waveguides
A Design of Triplexer Based On A 2×2 Butterfly MMI Coupler and A Directional Coupler Using Silicon Waveguides
Optics Communications
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/optcom
art ic l e i nf o a b s t r a c t
0030-4018/$ - see front matter & 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.09.018
58 C. Dung Truong et al. / Optics Communications 312 (2014) 57–61
Element Method (FEM) simulation for fundamental mode of the Where m, n, p are positive integers and m, n is parity (mþ n is an
wavelength 1550 nm is shown in Fig. 1(b). odd integer), Lπ(λ) is half-beat length at the wavelength λ and it can
Basic operation principle of the proposed device is presented in be determined by mode propagation method (MPA) [12]
Fig. 1. There are two sections. The first one includes a butterfly
MMI coupler which is used to demultiplex the wavelengths 4nr W 2e
LπðλÞ ¼ ð2Þ
1310 nm and 1550 nm to the cross output port, while the wave- 3λ
length of 1490 nm is separated to the bar output port (output port 1). where W e ¼ W þ ðλ=πÞðn2r n2c Þ 0:5 (for TE mode) is effective width
The second one is composed a directional coupler based on Y of MMI coupler.
junction structure. This aims to separate wavelengths 1310 nm and The half-beat lengths of wavelengths 1310 nm, 1490 nm and
wavelength 1550 nm subsequently to output port 1 and output 1550 nm are calculated by the MPA method: 3Lπ(1310 nm) ¼67.67 mm,
port 3 of the device, respectively (see in Fig. 1(a)). 3Lπ(1490 nm) ¼60.36 mm and 3Lπ(1550 nm) ¼58.3 mm. With these half-
At first, we consider a traditional 2 2 GI-MMI coupler [12] with beat lengths we can easily see the length of the MMI coupler which
the rectangular geometry structure to separate two wavelengths must satisfy the condition in (1) is quite large. Therefore, we propose
1310 nm and 1490 nm. The MMI coupler is formed by two parallel a new approach by changing the geometric form of the MMI coupler
single mode waveguides which play the roles as access waveguides from the rectangular form to the linear butterfly form, we introduce
(with the same geometric structure). The width W of MMI coupler a 2 2 MMI coupler with the linear “butterfly” form [14] to replace
is chosen as 2.4 mm. We design the MMI coupler in order that the rectangular form. Assume that, at half of LMMI length of the MMI
wavelengths 1310 nm and 1490 nm will be separated into either bar coupler, the width of the MMI region is determined by f.W. Here, f is
port or cross port, respectively, while the wavelength of 1550 nm a positive rational coefficient (0ofo1). The expression of Lπ(λ)
will be led to any output port thereof. Due to the generalized should now be expressed as
interference mechanism [13], self-imaging will be reproduced at the
length as three-times multiple of half-beat length. Hence, the 4nr W e W 0e
LπðλÞ ¼ ð3Þ
length LMMI of MMI coupler must satisfy following condition: 3λ
LMMI ¼ m3Lπð1310nmÞ ¼ n3Lπð1490nmÞ ¼ p3Lπð1550nmÞ ð1Þ where: W0e is effective width at half of MMI length.
By this way, we impact to the interference mechanism in the
MMI coupler. The half-beat length is decreased a few wavelengths.
1310 nm 1550 nm 1490 nm We change the parameter f from 0.75 to 1 with the step as 0.005.
Port 1 Port 3 Port 2 By BPM simulation we change the length LMMI in a wide range up
Y junction to 1000 mm to find a suitable length so that performance of the
g=200nm
butterfly MMI coupler is good for all of three wavelengths when
Ls=30µm MMI acts as wavelength filters. As a result, at the coefficient f¼ 0.8,
we find that the length LMMI ¼361.5 mm is most suitable value to
achieve good performance as seen in Fig. 2. At this length, the
wavelength 1490 nm will be seperated to the bar port and
Lc=498µm wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm will be seperated to the cross
port of the first MMI coupler.
Besides, we also implement the BPM simulation to find the
W optimal position S (the distance between access waveguides and
la=20µm
2×2 Butterfly the centerline of MMI region) of access waveguides before
GI-MMI connecting to the MMI region. We change the values of S around
7We/4 in the range from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm. Fig. 3 shows the BPM
f.W
simulation for output powers of three wavelengths. We choose the
LMMI=361.5µm
W=2.4µm optimal value of position as 0.61 mm (as the marked point in
f=0.8
Fig. 3). In order to decrease the insertion loss and increase the
1/2LMMI confinement of light, linear tapers have been used to connect
between access waveguides and MMI regions. The length of taper
z waveguides la is chosen as 20 mm, their small bottom width is w.
la taper By using the BPM simulation, we obtain their optimal large bottom
width are 1.08 mm (see in Fig. 4).
w=360nm
Input y x Then, our remaining work is to design a coupler which has
been used for separating two wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm
Air: n =1
360 nm
Upper cladding w
400 H
nm
Si: n =3.45 Core 32 nm h
Fig. 1. Proposed schematic of the triplexer based silicon waveguide. (a) Top-view
and (b) Cross-section and fundamental mode of input waveguide. Fig. 2. 3D BPM simulation for the length of the first butterfly MMI coupler varies.
C. Dung Truong et al. / Optics Communications 312 (2014) 57–61 59
Fig. 6. Electric field patterns for the proposed triplexer at three wavelengths: (a) 1310 nm, (b) 1490 nm and (c) 1550 nm.
Table 1
Output powers (normalized to the input power) of three output ports of the
proposed triplexer at three wavelengths
Wavelength (nm) Insertion loss (dB) Crosstalk (dB) Extinction ratio (dB)
Fig. 7. Wavelength responses of the proposed triplexer at three ports for thee
wavelengths
References