SHS

Trends, Networks, and Critical

Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 1: Week 4 - Module 4
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century
Grade 12 Quarter 1: Week 4 - Module 4
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Nedel Joyce Christine C. Libunao, T-III

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Trends, Networks, and Critical
Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 1: Week 4 - Module 4
 Target

Globalization is the unrestricted allocation and relocation of services,

goods and capital from different zones across nations. Integration and deals best
decribe globalization and it offers prosperity and peace. Globalization is geared
towards localizationand promotes a free capitalist market. Thus, it becomes a
constant process where market economies have expanded throughout the world.
While some think that globalization is translated to internet business, trade
network, schools and communities where people transport 24 time zones and
into the wireless world others alson believe the integration of technology and free
trade may cause income gaps, migration for better jobs, being controlled by
unknown market dynamism.

In this lesson, the learner locates on a map the different geographical

origins of the various components/ elements of an
industrial/technological/agricultural product and writes a reflection essay on
insights gather from the exercise.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Explain the concrete effects of globalization and to one’s daily life.
(HUMSS_MCT12-If-g-2)
2. Explain the need for collaboration and cooperation to achieve
interconnectedness of people and nations. (HUMSS_MCT12-If-g4)
 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following

activities. Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1 Word – maker!

Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to know the word that we are looking.
There are guide questions for you to follow. Write your answer on the space provided
for.

_______________1. It is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a

restaurant.

OD’SMCDNAL

_______________2. It is an American multinational technology company headquartered

in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer
electronics, computer software, and online services

AINCPLEORPATEDOR

_______________3. It is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it.
Clothes create a wordless means of communication that we all understand.

NSIFAHO

_______________4. It is a vast network that connects computers all over the world.

TRINNETE

_______________5. It is a process through which individuals become permanent

residents or citizens of another country.

RATIMIGIONM

_______________6. It is the adoption of the practices and culture of Western Europe

by societies and countries in other parts of the world, whether through compulsion
or influence.

RTINIZAONSTEWE

_______________7. It encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it,

our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the
table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other
things.

TUCULRE
_______________8. It refers to the ability to understand and function in an
increasingly multicultural, international, yet interconnected environment. It fosters
the development of individuals to become successful professionals, civic leaders, and
informed citizens in a diverse national and global society.

INTEBAGLOLCOSNRNECTENESD

_______________9. It is someone who leaves a country or region.

ERANTMIG

_______________10. It is known in China as Douyin, a video-sharing social networking

service owned by ByteDance, a Beijing-based Internet technology company founded
in 2012 by Zhang Yiming. Literally means, vibrating sound.

TOKIKT

_______________11.It is popular music originating in South Korea and

encompassing a variety of styles.

PK–PO

_______________12. It refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result
of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.

HOGYNOTECL

_______________13. It is a pattern of gradual change in a process, output, or

condition. It is an average or general tendency.

TNDRE

_______________14. It is computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of

ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and
communities or web application, often utilizing it for messaging.

SIALOCDIAME

_______________15. It is the process by which businesses or other organizations

develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

BALIZATGLOION
 Discover

Globalization

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international
trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects
on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and
prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.
Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later,
corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great
distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected
China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and
corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the
features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the
outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have
spurred increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration so large that
many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively new phase in its
economic development. Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has
increased by 20 times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly
doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing this current wave of
globalization from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman has said that today
globalization is “farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.”
This current wave of globalization has been driven by policies that have
opened economies domestically and internationally. In the years since the Second
World War, and especially during the past two decades, many governments have
adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive
potential and creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and
investment. Governments also have negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers to
commerce and have established international agreements to promote trade in goods,
services, and investment. Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets,
corporations have built foreign factories and established production and marketing
arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature of globalization, therefore, is
an international industrial and financial business structure.

Technology has been the other principal driver of globalization. Advances in

information technology, in particular, have dramatically transformed economic life.
Information technologies have given all sorts of individual economic actors—
consumers, investors, businesses—valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing
economic opportunities, including faster and more informed analyses of economic
trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and collaboration with far-flung
partners.
 Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization
argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and
raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim that the
creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational
corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures,
and common people. Resistance to globalization has therefore taken shape both at a
popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the
flow of capital, labor, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of
globalization.

Defining Globalization

There is no exact and common definition for the term “Globalization.” In fact,
when defining the term, it is necessary to look into the dimension or perspective one
has to highlight. To illustrate the comprehensive definition, here are some the notable
authorities who tried to define the term.
1. Globalization is a social process in which the constraints of geography on social
and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware
that they are receding (Malcom Waters).
2. Globalization is gearing towards global unification, global homogenization and
states’ relation to an economic world –system. This involves the emergence of third
cultures, such as international law, the financial markets and media conglomerates,
as elements which transcend the boundaries of the nation –state. (Mike
Feathersome).

3. Globalization has insurmountable impact on social and economic matters

especially on the issue of sustainability that has reached the mainstream. The
dichotomous concern is on the forces whether the globalization ultimately
contributing to growth and opportunity – or to destruction and chaos. (Dreher,
Gaston and Martens)

4. Globalization is the global network which welded together previously disparate

communities on this planet into mutual dependence and a unit of single world.
(Emmanuel Richter)

5. Globalization refers to all these processes by which the nations of the world are
conscripted in a single world society – global society. (Martin Albrow)
6. Globalization could be defined as the intensification of the social relations all over
the world, that link such in a manner the far off localities, so as the events which
take place are looked by the angle of similar others, happened to many miles far away
and upside down ( Anthony Giddens)
7. A global technological market transforms the financial world, that of the affairs,
that political and the psychology, making them unrecognizable. (Hans Blommestein)

8. The influence of globalization upon democracy seems to replace the dictatorship

of the national elites, with the dictatorship of the international finance (Joseph
Stiglitz).
9. Globalization is seen as an interconnection sustained by technology between
political, economic, cultural world events has – in this last space – an hybridization
effect of cultures kept, renewed and the development of the cultural identities (John
Gray)

10. It is assumed that the world economy scores two parallel processes: globalization
and decentralization. As for the former it is said that it consists of
transnationalization up to over nationalizing, especially in the fields of trade,
finances and top technologies. As for the latter, decentralization consists of delivering
by the national government to the local communities of more administrative, social
educational, budgetary functions, and consequently, the role of the national state
will limit to diplomacy, army, and the enactment of the intenal legislation. (World
Bank).

Five Globalization Theories

1. Internalization – It is the cross-border affairs between nations and globalization

which signifies growth of global exchange and collaboration. This ability to share
ideas with other cultures will also allow others to adopt, improve, modify some
practices into perfection or put to practice. People transfer to other places to find
better opportunities, jobs, and even escape from persecution.

2. Liberalization – some laws concerning government laws will be lifted, creating a

“borderless”, and “open” for the economy of the world. There is a flow exchange of
goods from a country to another. International trade may result in income
inequalities between the first world and the third world countries since many foreign
investors in the host country find ways to keep money by asking for tax exemptions
without thinking of developments or what the host country may get. This will also
result to struggle among developing nations since they will do their best to draw
foreign investors and may compromise their environmental regulations. On the
brighter side, it creates benefits to less industrialized nations to engage in bigger
markets and be part of the international networks of supply and production. Thereby
opening gateways for export markets, flow of capital, human labor, and technology
(Watkins, 2002 cited from McCubbery, 2016).

3. Universalization – allow the proliferation of experiences and inventions like the

creation of the Gregorian calendar, cars, restaurants, farm, life, decolonization, and
among other things. Thus, globalization creates a global village since in split seconds,
information can be shared through social media and the news clip goes “viral” and a
“trend” where almost everyone can access using their mobile phones and electronic
gadgets. In marketing, new products as well as old items and services can be easily
placed in other countries by opening satellite offices or through franchise. Another
way is through outsourcing which allows another company to carry the products and
services along with the company’s existing goods.
4. Westernization or Modernization – where social structures of contemporariness
like rationalism (philosophy that emotion or religious inclinations are not the basis
of forming opinions and actions but rather reasons and experiences), capitalism
(allowing individuals and companies to own products and do business rather by the
government), industrialism (develops and operates factories and business) as well as
bureaucraticism (government or business system with regulations and methods of
organizing and doing things) are being applied from all over that will destroy old
cultures and beliefs.
It is being observed that machines and technology come handy and make things life
more comfortable for mankind to live.

5. Deterritorialization – includes the restructuring of geography where social space

is no longer a barrier and everything is interconnected making the world borderless.
A person becomes transnational which means that this individual can travel from
across time zones and countries within given time because of the invention of
airplanes and trains.

Benefits of Collaboration and Cooperation in Globalization

1. It creates a global village through an exchange of ideas and information through

the social network and the wireless web.

2. It foster local, regional, and national growth in the economy by being bale to access
low-cost goods from other countries, provide employment, and international
collaboration of scientific and technology development.

3. It allows people to understand and adapt cultures, values and beliefs of different
countries.
4. It motivates world leaders to create policies to protect the welfare of the people,
the community, as well as the environment.

5. It speaks of modernity and all traditional methods of transactions are considered

obsolete.

Interconnectedness of People and Nations

Globalization embraces a change in the spatial society connected with

collective transactions and relations, produce transcontinental or networks of
interregional movements of endeavor, authority and collaboration.

There are four types of changes:

1. It includes stretching of social, political and financial situations across regional,

national, and continental political borders.

2. It allows magnification of the increasing scope, the interconnectedness and the

trade flow, finance, investment, migration, culture, and among others.

3. It keeps global interconnectedness in speeding up interactions and processes in

communication and transportation, merger of ideas, information, people, goods and
capital.

4. It tells about global interactions and global consequences resulting to a blurry

possibilities between domestic and global affairs.
Five Components of Global Interconnectedness

1. Economy

Trade

Trade is the interchange of goods and services among the economies various
nations. Exports in international trade continue to increase and the export in
agriculture of developing countries remains unmoved since the middle of the 1980s.
Despite this scenario, jobs have been created, remarkable increase in competition as
well as health, technological and educational developments alleviate poverty through
global trade.

Finance

Global finance is translated as capital flow through the exchange of financial

instruments or assets among nations by public or private entities

Foreign Aid

Aid is transmission of funds in form of loans or grants or may be in

combination of both as well as includes the giving technical assistance or capacity
building. World Bank and among other major organizations are channels where
foreign aid can be coursed through by giving two nations a bilateral agreement or
multilateral support.

2. Politics

Power is so much wielded in the first world countries wherein they create allies
to other nations. Global politics take roots not in the old-fashioned geopolitical
matters but largely on the social, economic, and ecological issues. “Pollution, drugs,
terrorism, human rights are amongst an increasing number of transnational policy
issues which cut across territorial jurisdictions and existing political alignments.

Territorial Based Political Societies

It pertains to Europe’s centralization of political power and supremacy where

it deals with the state formations, the borderline and territorialization of politics,
interstate order, and the accountability of specific states as well as the disowning of
accountability through colonial expansion and making empires and wars.

Multi Layered Regional and Global Governance

The second transformation discusses about the death of empires and includes
layers of governance in the political borders. This transformation covers political
internalization and transnationalization, decision making, the progress of regional
and global corporations and establishments, laws in the regions and international
set-ups, multi-layered global governance.

3. Migration (People and Culture)

Migration
 Migration can be provisional or permanent transfer of residence among
individuals between nations. It is a gateway to find employment, study, or run away
from difficult political circumstances. Migrants can be classified as permanent
immigrants, high- and – low skill workers, asylum applicants, refugees,
undocumented individuals, visa free migrants and students.

People and Culture

When daily life experiences are being diffused into ideas or through things and
while it is shared globally, a phenomenon known as cultural globalization happens.
It is associated with the internet, electronic business, global travel and popular
culture that will fashion uniformity of the human experience.

Cultural globalization is greatly influenced by the United States and other first
world countries with the creation of so many social network sites and various media
channels such as films, television, and many others.

4. Ideas

The most powerful tool that shapes development is ideas being passageway of
transmitting and handling intellectual formulations of transmitting and handing
intellectual formulations in any endeavor that will affect the production of systems,
managerial and structural activities, governance, in the legal arena and the trends
in technology. Intellectual property is one category of ideas that is bound by legal
rights over product of creation or invention.

5. Environment

Globalization also takes watch of managing nuclear power and prevention of

acid rain, avoiding overspill from environmental destruction from one state or known
as environmental refugee, protecting against oceans and the atmosphere from
pollution and degradation, maintaining ecological system from various parts of the
world, moving toxic discards and global transfer of dirty factories, creating global
companies, administration, networks and contracts that contribute to manage safety
for the environment.
 Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1 Let’s Compare!

Directions: In three to five sentences, define and/or differentiate the following:

a. Globalization vs. Deterritorialization

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b. Globalization vs. Internationalization

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c. Globalization vs. Universalization

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

d. Globalization vs. Westernization

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

e. Globalization vs. Liberalization

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2 My Opinion!
In three to five sentences, explain, “How globalization affects one’s daily life?”

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

SCORING RUBRIC

POINTS REQUIREMENTS
Provides an insightful and detailed explanation/opinion
5
that includes or extends ideas from the text.
Provides some explanation/opinion that includes ideas
4
from the text for support.
Uses text incorrectly or with limited success and includes
3
an inconsistent or confusing explanation.
Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and
2 provides an unclear reference or no use of the text for
support
1 Response is completely irrelevant or off – topic.
 Deepen

Activity 1 Let’s Do it!

Directions: Watch the television or read newspaper. Write your answer on the space
provided for, identify if it is a negative or a positive impact of globalization by simply
putting a check mark (✓) and then explain your answer why it is negative or positive
impact on globalization.

NEWS POSITIVE NEGATIVE

SUBJECT EXPLAINATION
CLIPS/TOPIC IMPACT IMPACT

1. Economy/
Trade/
Finance/
Foreign Aid

2. Politics

3. Migration
(People &
Culture)

4. Technology
(Ideas &
Inventions)

5.Environment
 SCORING RUBRIC

POINTS REQUIREMENTS
Provides an insightful and detailed explanation/opinion
5
that includes or extends ideas from the text.
Provides some explanation/opinion that includes ideas
4
from the text for support.
Uses text incorrectly or with limited success and includes
3
an inconsistent or confusing explanation.
Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and
2 provides an unclear reference or no use of the text for
support
1 Response is completely irrelevant or off – topic.

Gauge

Activity 1

Direction: Write T on the blank before the number if the statement is true and
F if it is false.

_____1. Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international
trade and investment and aided by information technology.

_____2. A global technological market transforms the financial world, that of the
affairs, that political and the psychology, making them unrecognizable.

_____3. Cultural globalization is greatly influenced by the United States and other
first world countries with the creation of so many social network sites and various
media channels such as films, television, and many others.
_____4. Immigration can be provisional or permanent transfer of residence among
individuals between nations.

_____5. Global politics take roots not in the old-fashioned geopolitical matters but
largely on the social, economic, and ecological issues.

_____6. Fundraising is transmission of funds in form of loans or grants or may be in

combination of both as well as includes the giving technical assistance or capacity
building.

_____7. Liberalization is the cross-border affairs between nations and globalization

which signifies growth of global exchange and collaboration.

_____8. Export is the interchange of goods and services among the economies various
nations.

_____9. Advances in information technology, in particular, have dramatically

transformed economic life.

_____10. Foreign aid has been the other principal driver of globalization.

Activity 2

Direction: Explain the following definitions of globalization. Write your answer

in the space provided for.

1. Globalization is the global network which welded together previously disparate

communities on this planet into mutual dependence and a unit of single world.
(Emmanuel Richter)

Explanation:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Globalization refers to all these processes by which the nations of the world are
conscripted in a single world society – global society. (Martin Albrow)
Explanation:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Globalization is gearing towards global unification, global homogenization and

states’ relation to an economic world –system. This involves the emergence of third
cultures, such as international law, the financial markets and media conglomerates,
as elements which transcend the boundaries of the nation –state. (Mike
Feathersome).

Explanation:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 SCORING RUBRIC

POINTS REQUIREMENTS
Provides an insightful and detailed explanation/opinion
5
that includes or extends ideas from the text.
Provides some explanation/opinion that includes ideas
4
from the text for support.
Uses text incorrectly or with limited success and includes
3
an inconsistent or confusing explanation.
Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and
2 provides an unclear reference or no use of the text for
support
1 Response is completely irrelevant or off – topic.

Great job! You are done with this module. Relax for a while then have
a great day ahead!
Activity 1 (True or False)
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. F
Answer Key
References
Printed Materials

Sy-Gaco, (2017) Through the Looking Glass: Trends, Networks, & Crictical Thinking
in the 21st Century. Great Books Trading. pp. 43-51.

Lisandro E. Claudio, Particio N. Abinales (2018) The Contemporary World, C&E

Publishing, pp. 21-22

Online Resources

https://www.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upmbinaries/24132_19_Hollway_Ch_
19.pdf

https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/

https://www.rit.edu/academicaffairs/outcomes/global-interconnectedness