NEUROANATOMY

PRELIM TERM EXAM

1. This is the part of the dura mater which covers the pituitary Diaphragma sellae
gland at the base of the skull
2. What structure passes through the foramen lacerum? Internal carotid artery
3. This structure separates the supratentorial from the Tentorium cerebelli
infratentorial compartment of the brain
4. This is the only bone of the skull with a mobile joint Mandible
5. This period is the most crucial in the initial formation of the The first 28 days
nervous system
6. The cell is NOT a glial cell Microglia
7. Which of the ff Brodmann areas represents the primary Areas 3,1,2
somatomotor cortex
8. A fruit harvester injured his palm from the friction of a rope Nerve fiber C
into his fingers. A local anesthetic was applied to the
injured part while it was being dressed. This is the most
sensitive berve fiber to local anesthetics
9. Demyelinated conduction of peripheral nervous system as a. Reduction or total conduction block
a result of an inflammatory respiratory viral agent affecting b. Frequency-related block resulting to missing
the peripheral nerve myelin sheath is associated with digital spike
ascending weakness and paralysis, unstable high to low c. Ectopic impulse generation
blood pressure, unstable high to slow heart rate, cranial d. Reduced mechanosensitivity
nerve weakness, poor swallowing respiratory failure of an
18 year old male, was diagnosed as Landy-Guillain
syndrome. The ff can be present in the nerve conduction
study, EXCEPT this feature
10. There are 2 major types of cells in the nervous system, the Glial cells
neurons and the supporting cells. This is the name of the
supporting cells
11. What is the function of gyri? Increases the surface area of the cerebellum
12. Landry-guillain syndrome is a disorder of the nervous All of the choices
system that affects the peripheral nerve roots. This result
of the ff mechanism/s

Choices: Pathology of Landry-Guillain Syndrome

13. The thickened ligamentum denticulatum arises from this
layer of the meninges of the spinal cord
a. The body immune system destroys the organism
and the GMB1 ganglioside of the peripheral nerve
myelin
b. An infectious organism contains an amino acid that
mimics the peripheral nerve myelin protein
c. Cell mediated immune attack of the body on the
peripheral nerve myelin protein
Pia mater
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater

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 All of the choices
14. These cells are necessary to myelinate the entire length of Schwann cells
the axon at the peripheral nervous system
15. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the production of this Myelin
structure or substance
16. The MRI of a 27 year-old woman shows a meningioma Frontal
impinging on the gyrus rectus in axial and coronal MRI.
This lesion is located on which cerebral hemisphere?
17. The primary sensory cortex is located in this area Post-central gyrus
18. The rods and cones of the eyes are sensitive to changes Electromagnetic receptor
to light intensity and wavelength. This is the classification
of these receptors.
19. Which sinus may be traversed when surgery is done on the Ethmoid sinus
pituitary gland? Sphenoid sinus
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
20. Axonal connections and synapses develop during this a. First year of life
period of development b. Embryonic period
c. Early childhood
d. teen-age period
e. Fetal period
21. This structure is found in the subcortical area. Thalamus

Thalamus is a large ovoid mass of gray matter that forms the

major part of the diencephalon Snell’s Clin. Neuroanatomy (pp.
250) Diencephalon is part of the subcortical region. Thalamus is
the largest subcortical structure
22. This area is the primary visual area Area 17
23. A 28 year-old female diabetic of more than 5 years duration a. Centripetal progression of symptoms
is complaining of numbness, paresthesia and pain of her b. Sensory polyneuropathy
proximal legs arms. The following features are expected to c. Stocking and glove pattern of sensory
be present in the patient EXCEPT this disturbance
d. Symptoms arise first in the shortest peripheral
nerve of the body
24. The choroid plexuses which produce the cerebrospinal Within the lateral, third and fourth ventricles
fluid are located in which parts of the brain?
25. The human nervous system is derived from what layer or Ectoderm
layers of the embryo?
26. This is the name of the area where one neuron connects Synapse
to another and where action potentials are relayed to the
next neuron.
27. This structure is/are NOT considered to be peripheral a. Spinal nerves and sensory ganglia of the spinal
nerves nerve root
b. 24 pairs of cranial nerves
c. Neuromuscular junction and muscle
d. Autonomic ganglia

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28. A 60 year-old male patients develops a stroke mainly Speech
involving his left frontal lobe. Which among the ff function
is MOST expected to be compromised?
29. In the accompanying diagram of the lateral surface of the
cerebral hemisphere, which letter corresponds to the
lateral sulcus [no picture give hays]
30. Which of the ff nerves does NOT pass through the superior Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
orbital fissure?
31. This is NOT a myelinated nerve fiber Deep pain C fibers

32. What structure would you look for when locating the Styloid process
opening of the foramen where the facial nerve exits the
cranium?
33. The diencephalon gives rise to the ff structures EXCEPT a. Hypothalamus
this b. Thalamus
c. Epithalamus
d. Retina
e. No exception
34. This area is bounded by the cortex, lateral ventricle and White matter
basal ganglia
35. Damage to which lobe can produce disruption to social and Parietal lobe
emotional behavior? Frontal lobe

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 Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Injury to one or both frontal lobes is often seen as

difficulties in social and behavioral situations. All
therapies and nursing are included in treatments for
frontal lobe injury
36. Nonmyelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibers are NOT a. Postganglionic sympathetic autonomic nerve
found in the ff structure fiber
b. Autonomic nerve fibers terminating on smooth
muscle fiber
c. Parasympathetic autonomic nerve fiber
d. Preganglionic autonomic nerve fiber

Ratio: Trans
Sympathetic preganglionicv – unmyelinated
Sympathetic preganglionic - myelinated
37. This structure does NOT arise from the telencephalon Third ventricle

38. A pathologist who performs autopsy of the brain specimen Macroglia

of a normal person is NOT expected to see this type of cell
39. These nerves are the major sensory nerve supply of the Trigeminal nerve and cervical spinal nerves
meninges
The sensory innervation of the meninges is primarily
by meningeal branches of both the trigeminal and
vagus nerves with a smaller contribution from the upper
cervical spinal nerves 1,2. The supratentorial dura mater is
mainly supplied by the ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve 3.
40. This is NOT mainly a function of the cerebral cortex Balance and coordination
41. Which of the ff structures is NOT the origin of pain felt when Scalp
on experiences a headache?
42. This is the name of the cells that line up the walls of the Ependymal cells
ventricles and cavities of the brain and spinal cord

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 43. This structure is the LEAST expected to protect the brain Neurons
from infections and toxins
44. The neurons are made up of cell bodies and axons and Dendrites
what other structures?
45. This structure is the first one to be formed in the Neural plate
embryology of the human nervous system Neural tube
Neural groove
Neural disc

Ratio:
During the 3rd week of development, the ectoderm on the
dorsal surface pf the embryo between the primitive knot and
the buccopharyngeal membrane thickens to form the neural
plate. (Snell Clinical Neuroanat, Chap 1, pg 14)

EVALUATION EXAMS
PRELIMS
TOPIC: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEURONS
February 25, 2021 | DRS. ANUTA & AGBISIT
1. There are three (3) primary brain vesicles. This is DIENCEPHALON
NOT AMONG the three.
2. This is a conglomerate of arteries found in the CIRCLE OF WILLIS
subarachnoid space of the brain which contains all
the blood supply of the central nervous system.
3. This pairing of brain lobe and function is TRUE FRONTAL LOBE – INITATION OF MOVEMENT
4. In the embryology of the nervous system, the spinal MYELENCEPHALON
cord is derived from what secondary brain vesicle.
5. During the course of embryonal development, when MESENCEPHALON
the three-vesicle embryo evolves into a five-vesicle
structure, this brain vesicle retains its name (it does
not divide further into new vesicles).
6. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the spinal cord The upper and lower motor neurons meet in the
and the vertebrae. anterior horn of the spinal cord
7. Among these adult brain structures, which is NOT A CEREBELLUM
DERIVATIVE of the primary brain vesicle
prosencephalon?
8. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the brain Infratentorial structures are the brainstem and
organization. cerebellum
9. This pairing between glial cell and its corresponding Astrocytes gray matter of the central nervous
location is CORRECT system

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 10. This statement IS NOT TRUE of the nervous system Myelin produced by the astrocytes makes possible
organization. the faster conduction of impulses
QUIZ: CEREBRUM |Dr. Floresca
1. Primary visual area? Area 17
2. Where is the taste area situated? In front of the lateral sulcus
3. What is the function of the gut? Increase the surface area of the cerebrum
4. What is the largest part of the brain? Cerebrum
5. In the accompanying coronal T2 MRi of the brain, the A
superior temporal gyrus is indicated by which letter?
Ratio:

6. Separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe? Sylvian fissure
7. Where is the post-central gyrus? Parietal lobe
8. The corpus callosum contains Commissural fibers
9. Contains projection fibers Corticospinal tract
10. Involvement of this area will cause paralysis of the Medial region of area 4
contralateral leg
11. Brocas area (Brodmann area 44) is located in what Opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus
part of the brain?
12. What divides the cerebrum into right and left cerebral Longitudinal fissure
hemispheres?
13. What is the work of commissural tract? Connects cerebral cortex with white matter of other
parts of brain
14. Betz cell are located in what layer of the cortex? Internal pyramidal layer
15. Which label identifies the middle frontal gyrus? B

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EVALUATION # 2: SKULLS & MENINGES, CEREBRUM
March 12, 2021 | Drs. Abou Zaki & Floresca
1. The MRI of a 27 year-old woman shows meningioma FRONTAL
impinging on the gyrus rectus in the axial and coronal
MRI. This lesion is located on which of the following
lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?
2. This structure is NOT a component of the peripheral SPINAL CORD
nervous system.
3. Which sinus may be transversed when surgery is SPHENOID SINUS
done on the pituitary gland?
4. Which of the following Brodmann areas represents Areas 3,1,2
the primary somatomotor cortex?
5. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the structures of The whole nerve trunk is covered by the
the nerve fibers. epineurium.
6. The primary sensory cortex is located in this area POST-CENTRAL GYRUS
7. What structure passess through the foramen INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
lacerum?
8. In the accompanying diagram of the lateral surface of
the cerebral hemisphere, which letter corresponds to
the lateral sulcus? [NO DIAGRAM SHOWN HAYS]
9. Which of the following nerves DOES NOT pass Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
through the superior orbital fissure?
10. This is NOT a characteristic of the type A nerve fiber This is the nerve fiber type with the smallest
diamenter
11. What structure would you look for when locating the Styloid process
opening of the foramen where the facial nerve exits
the cranium?
12. This statement best describes the communication The connection between cells is called synapse
system in the nervous system

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13. This statement BEST describes nerve conduction The nodes of Ranvier is rich in the electrolyte
sodium hence the more rapid conduction
14. This is the only bone of the skull with a mobile joint MANDIBLE
15. This area is bounded by the cortex, lateral ventricle, WHITE MATTER
and basal ganglia

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 MIDTERMS
1. This is the second layer of the cerebral cortex. External granular layer

2. The fourth ventricle is located posterior to this structure. a. Midbrain

b. Medulla
c. Pons
d. Cerebellum
3. This is the main function of the thalamus. a. Coordination and balance
b. Cognitive
c. Endocrine
d. Sensory

Ratio:
While the thalamus is classically known for its roles as a
sensory relay in visual, auditory, somatosensory, and
gustatory systems, it also has significant roles in motor
activity, emotion, memory, arousal, and other sensorimotor
association functions (google)

The thalamus is closely linked to cerebral cortex but not for the
appreciation of sensation. (Snell) ewan oy hahaha
4. The hippocampus is shaped like this animal. Horse

Ratio:
It is named hippocampus because it resembles a seahorse
5. This is the third layer of the cerebral cortex. External pyramidal layer
6. This thalamic nucleus receives the spinothalamic tract Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) Nucleus
and the median lemniscus.
7. This structure divides the hypothalamus into the medial a. Genu of the corpus callosum
and the lateral nuclei. b. Columns of the fornix
c. Optic chiasm
d. Quadrigeminal plate

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 Ratio:
The medial and lateral regions are anatomically divided by
the anterior column of the fornix and the mammillothalamic
tract; the periventricular region is a further subdivision of
the medial hypothalamus that lacks a gross anatomic
boundary.
8. The 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei are found in this part a. Medulla
of the brain. b. Thalamus
c. Midbrain
d. Pons

Ratio:
Oculomotor nuclei and Trochlear nerve nuclei are situated in the
anterior part of the gray matter that surrounds the cerebral
aqueduct of the midbrain. (Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 11, page
331)
9. The amygdala is shaped like this. Almond
10. This structure is part of the limbic lobe. Mammillary bodies

Part of Limbic Lobe:

11. The superior cerebellar peduncle connects
cerebellum to this structure
12. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the antidiuretic
hormone.
• Subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus,
amygdaloid nucleus, mamillary bodies, anterior
thalamic
the Midbrain
It makes possible the absorption of water in the distal
convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of the kidney.

13. The hypothalamus lies at the center of this system in the Limbic system
brain.
14. This is the biggest cranial nerve nucleus found in the a. 8th nerve nucleus
brainstem. b. 6th nerve nucleus
c. 5th nerve nucleus
d. 3rd nerve nucles

Ratio:
The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the LARGEST cranial nerve and
contains bothe sensory and motor fibers.
15. This basal ganglia structure is the one most adjacent to a. Caudate nucleus
the lateral ventricles. b. Substantia nigra
c. Globus pallidus
d. Putamen

RATIO:

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 Caudate nucleus is a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that is
closely related to the LATERAL VENTRICLES and lies lateral to
the thalamus.
16. This statement best describes the striatal motor a. Impulses going up to the cortex are fine-tuned by
system. the spinal cord.
b. The basal ganglia have excitatory effect on the
motor cortex.
c. The cerebellum has inhibitory effect on the motor
cortex.
d. Dopamine is the predominant neurotransmitter in
the substantia nigra.
17. A person presenting with resting tremors, rigidity and a. Putamen
bradykinesia may have a lesion in this area. b. Substantia nigra
c. Caudate nucleus
d. Globus pallidus
18. The decussation of the spinothalamic tract occurs in this a. Medulla
area. b. Midbrain
c. Pons
d. Spinal cord

Ratio:
The lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts and spinotectal
tracts occupy an area lateral to the decussation of the leminisci
The spinocerebellar, vestibulospinal and rubrospinal are situated
in the anterolateral region of the medulla oblongata. (Snell Clin
Neuroanat, Chap 5, pg 199 table and paragraph)
19. This structure is located anteriorly to the hypothalamus. a. Mammillary bodies
b. Brainstem
c. Optic chiasm
d. Cerebellum

20. This is the literal meaning of the term reticular formation.
21. This statement BEST DESCRIBES oxytocin.
Ratio:
Anterior to the hypothalamus is an area that for functional
reasons, is often included in the hypothalamus. Because it
extends forward from the optic chiasma to the lamina terminalis
and anterior commissure, it is referred to as preoptic area.
Net
It stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscle of the
uterus during labor.

22. This is the fifth layer of cerebral cortex. Ganglionic or internal pyramidal layer

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23. This is the fourth layer of the cerebral cortex. Internal granular layer
24. This is NOT a function of the reticular formation. Control of cortical irritation

Ratio:
• Control of autonomic nervous system
• Control of skeletal muscle
• Control of biological clock
• Reticular activating system and control of facial muscles
• control of somatic and visceral sensations
25. This is the first layer of the cerebral cortex. Molecular or plexiform layer
26. The following connect/s the lateral ventricles and the a. Cisterna Magna
third ventricle. b. Aqueduct of Sylvius
c. Foramen of Monro
d. Foramina of Luschka and Magendie

Ratio:
The two lateral ventricles communicate through the
interventricular foramina (of Monro) with the 3rd ventricle. Th 3rd
ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle by the narrow cerebral
aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius). The 4th ventricle is continuous
with the narrow central canal of the spinal cord and through the
three foramina in its roof with the subarachnoid space. The
central canal has a small dilatation at its inferior end, referred to
as the terminal ventricle. (Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 16, pg 436)
27. The fornix is formed by fibers of the fimbria as they leave A. Columns of the fornix
the medial border of the hippocampus. It is divided into B. Commissure of the fornix
several segments as it travels around the splenium of C. Crus of the fornix
the corpus callosum, the undersurface of the corpus D. Body of the fornix
callosum, then anteriorly and inferiorly over the
interventricular foramen, before it terminates into the
mammillary bodies. Which segment lies beneath the
undersurface of the corpus callosum?
28. This nucleus contains dopaminergic neurons with a. Basal ganglia
inhibitory function to the corpus striatum. b. Subthalamic nucleus
c. Claustrum
d. Caudate nucleus

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29. The supraoptic nucleus is also a receptor of this type Osmoreceptor
because it controls the water and electrolyte content of
the body by influencing the distal tubules of the kidneys.
30. This nucleus is stimulated when one experiences an Nucleus tractus solitarius
unpleasant sensation in his throat.
31. This is NOT CONSIDERED to be a function of the a. Control of cognitive functions
hypothalamus. / b. Control of the endocrine system
c. Control of body homeostasis
d. Control of autonomic functions

Ratio:
Functions
• Autonomic control
• Endocrine control
• Neurosecretion
• Temperature regulation
• Regulation of food and water intake
• Emotion and behavior
• Control of circadian rhythm
32. In the course of your examination of a post head trauma a. Temporal lobe
patient, you ask her to READ A SENTENCE then b. Occipital lobe
REPEAT IT OUT LOUD. What part of the brain moves c. Frontal lobe
the laryngeal muscles so the patient can vocalize? d. Parietal lobe
e. Brainstem
33. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the cerebrospinal a. The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius has the highest
fluid (CSF). number of choroid plexus.
b. CSF is absorbed back to the venous circulation by
the peduncular cisterns.
c. CSF glucose is mostly elevated in patients with
meningitis.
d. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus lining the
ventricles.
34. The reticular formation, a diffuse network of nerve cells Intermediate sized neurons
and fibers extending from the spinal cord, medulla, pons,
midbrain, subthalamus and hypothalamus, is divided
into 3 longitudinal columns. The MEDIAN COLUMN Ratio:
contains neurons of this size. The diffuse network may be divided into 3 longitudinal columns:
• MediaN column – intermediate size
• MediaL column – large neurons
• Lateral column – small neurons
35. The reticular formation, a diffuse network of nerve cells Small neurons
and fibers extending from the spinal cord, medulla, pons,
midbrain, subthalamus and hypothalamus, is divided
Ratio:
into 3 longitudinal columns. The LATERAL COLUMN
contains neurons of this size. The diffuse network may be divided into 3 longitudinal columns:
• MediaN column – intermediate size
• MediaL column – large neurons
• Lateral column – small neurons

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36. This statement DOES NOT DESCRIBE the outer and
inner bands of Baillarger.
a. These are tangential fibers – internal band
b. These bands are found in cortical layer number 4 –
external band
c. These bands are also found in the cerebellum
d. These are particularly well developed in the sensory
areas.

Ratio: Duus Book, Cerebrum pg 232, basa na lang

37. This nucleus is involved in SALIVATION. a. Abducens nucleus
b. Nucleus ambiguous
c. Inferior salivatory nucleus
d. Nucleus tractus solitarius

Ratio:
Information concerning taste also is received from the nucleus of
the solitary tract. Um??? Di ko sure basa na lang snell XD
38. When a pathologist examines a mounted slide of a a. Pyramidal cells
tissue from the cerebral cortex, he WOULD NOT expect b. Fusiform cells
to see this type of cell. c. Stellate cells
d. Purkinje cells
39. Your admitted stroke patient complains of dysphagia or a. Nucleus tractus solitarius
difficulty swallowing on top of vertigo and b. Nucleus ambiguous
decreased volume of his voice. You should c. Inferior salivatory nucleus
investigate for lesions involving this brainstem nucleus. d. Abducens nucleus
40. A patient consults you due to persistent pain on the a. Chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V
left half of his face. You should look for a problem in b. Spinal nucleus of cranial nerve V
this brainstem nucleus. c. Nucleus ambiguus
d. Oculomotor nucleus

Ratio:
The sensations of touch and pressure are conveyed by nerve
fibers that terminate in the main sensory nucleus. The sensation
of pain and temperature pass to the spinal nucleus. (Snell Clin
Neuroanat, Chap 11, pg 333)
41. Choroid plexus is NOT PRESENT in this location. a. Lateral ventricles
b. Cerebral aqueduct
c. Fourth ventricle
d. Third ventricles
42. This nucleus is responsible for ABDUCTING THE EYE. a. Chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V
b. Spinal nucleus of cranial nerve V
c. Abducens nucleus
d. Oculomotor nucleus
43. Efferent output from the basal nuclei originates from this a. Substantia nigra
structure. b. Putamen
c. Globus pallidus
d. Caudate nucleus
44. This is the thalamic nuclear group that receives input a. Anterior thalamic group
from the mammillary nuclei. b. Ventral thalamic group
c. Pulvinar
d. Medial thalamic group

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 Ratio: Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 12, pg 367 Table 12-1
45. This refers to the outer band of Baillarger in the visual Stria of Gennari
cortex, which is so thick that it can be seen with the
naked eye.
Ratio:
The laminar structure of the cerebral cortex is visible to the
naked eye in only a few cortical areas, most clearly in the
visual cortex,where an anatomical section perpendicular to
the brain surface reveals the white stripe of Gennari (or of
Vicq d’Azyr) within the cortical gray matter
46. The reticular formation, a diffuse network of nerve cells Large neurons
and fibers extending form the spinal cord, medulla, pons,
midbrain, subthalamus and hypothalamus, is divided
Ratio:
into 3 longitudinal columns. The MEDIAL COLUMN
contains neurons of this size. / The diffuse network may be divided into 3 longitudinal columns:
• MediaN column – intermediate size
• MediaL column – large neurons
• Lateral column – small neurons
47. This nucleus of the hypothalamus is both the hunger and a. Preoptic nucleus
thirst center. b. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
c. Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
d. Posterior hypothalamic nucleus – sympathetic and
temperature regulation
48. The corticohypothalamic fibers originate from this a. Brainstem
structure. b. Internal capsule
c. Frontal lobe
d. Hypothalamus
49. This nucleus is responsible for ADDUCTING THE EYE. a. Spinal nucleus of cranial nerve V
b. Oculomotor nucleus
c. Abducens nucleus
d. Chief sensory of cranial nerve V
50. The structure is seen as swelling on the posterior a. Medial geniculate body
surface of the thalamus and forms part of the auditory b. Lateral geniculate body
pathway / c. Inferior colliculus
d. Superior colliculus – visual pathway
51. This type of nerve fibers run at right angles to the cortical a. Tangential fibers
surface. b. Angular fibers
c. Radial fibers
d. Circular fibers
52. This is/these are the thalamic nucleus/nuclei that is/are a. Ventral thalamic group
responsible for integration of somatic, visceral and b. Medial thalamic group
sensory information. c. Pulvinar
d. Anterior thalamic group

Ratio:
Dorsomedial (pulvinar, lateral posterior nucleus, lateral dorsal
nucleus) functions:
- Integration of somatic, visceral and olfactory information
and relation to emotional feelings and subject states

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53. Emotions such as fear, anger and emotions associated Anterior nuclei of the thalamus
with sexual behavior is mediated by which
part/connection of the limbic system?
Ratio:
Limbic system structures controls emotion, behavior, drive and
memory and includes: subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal
gyri, hippocampal formation, the amygdaloid nucleus,
mammillary body, and anterior thalamic nucleus
54. This is TRUE of the borders of the hypothalamus a. Anterior border – preoptic area
b. Superior border – pituitary gland
c. Inferior border – cerebellum
d. Lateral borders – thalamus (hypothalamus lies below
the thalamus and inferior part of the lateral ventricles)
55. The following serve/s as passageway of CSF from the a. Foramen of Monro
fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space and the b. Foramina of Luschka and Magendie
venous circulation. c. Aqueduct of Sylvius
d. Cisterna Magna
56. The following are the only paired foramina in the a. Monro
cerebrospinal fluid outflow tract. b. Magendie
c. Sylvius
d. Luschka
57. This is NOT AMONG the functions of the cerebrospinal a. No exception
fluid. b. Buoyancy and support for the brain
c. Cushions and protects the CNS
d. Neuroendocrine pathway
e. Nourishes the CNS
58. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the hypothalamus. a. It is derived from the primitive structure
telencephalon
b. It lies at the center of the cerebral cortex
c. It indirectly controls body homeostasis
d. It is the 0.3%of the total body weight
59. The following structures consist of the connecting a. Amygdaloid nucleus, mammillary bodies and
pathways of the limbic system. anterior thalamic nucleus – limbic system structures
b. Hippocampus, dentate gyrus, parahippocampal
gyrus – hippocampal foramtion
c. Alveus fimbria, Fornix
d. Fornix, mamillary body, fimbria
60. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the cerebrospinal a. It is responsible for the production of some
fluid. hormones and enzymes
b. It is produced mostly by the choroid plexus
c. From the fourth ventricle, it passes through the
interventricular foramen of Monro to reach the
venous circulation
d. It circulates in the subdural space and pass through
adjacent structures called paraventricular organs
61. You see a crying child with tears in his eyes. This a. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
brainstem nucleus is being stimulated in this situation. b. Facial nucleus
c. Superior salivatory nucleus
d. Nucleus tractus solitarius
62. This nucleus is responsible for making you smile and a. Facial nucleus
frown. b. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
c. Oculomotor nucleus

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 d. Central nucleus of Perlia
63. This sheet of white matter divides the thalamus into a. External capsule
medial and lateral halves. b. Internal medullary lamina
c. External medullary lamina
d. Internal capsule
64. A neurosurgeon who is operating with a neurosurgical a. Preoptic area
microscope will appreciate this structure of the lateral b. Cerebellum
boundary of the hypothalamus. c. Brainstem
d. Internal capsule
65. The ascending reticular activating system regulate Multiple afferent pathways carrying sensory information
arousal by this mechanism. channeled through the reticular formation which is
projected towards different parts of the cerebral cortex

Ratio: Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 9, pg 301

66. This is the part of the lateral ventricle where the
intraventricular foramen can be found.
67. This statement is NOT TRUE about the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF).
68. This thalamic nucleus receives the projections from the
spinothalamic tract.
69. The hippocampal formation consists of the following
structures.
70. In the course of your examination of a post head trauma
patient, you ask her to READ A SENTENCE then
REPEAT IT OUT LOUD. What part of the brain
a. Trigone
b. Occipital horn
c. Frontal horn
d. Temporal horn
e. Body
Ratio: Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 16, pg 436
a. It is clear, colorless, acellular fluid in and around the
central nervous system (CNS)
b. The glucose content is 30% greater than plasma
c. The sodium content is similar to plasma
d. It is about 150 ml in the entire craniospinal axis
Ratio: read on Snell Clin Neuroanat, Chap 16, pg 448
Or letter A? kay di ata sya acellular fluid..kasi accordingly, “only
a few cells are present and these are lymphocytes.” Basa nalang
din hahaha
a. Ventral lateral nucleus
b. Ventral posteromedial nucleus
c. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
d. Ventral anterior nucleus
Ratio:
Sa book, Intralaminar nuclei are small collections of nerve cells
within th internal medullary lamina. They receive afferent fibers
from the reticular formation as well as fibers from the
SPINOTHALAMIC and TRIGEMINOTHALAMIC tracts. Pero
wala man sa choices, pero ang malapit na may SPINAL
something is si Ventral posterolateral nucleus—this nucleus
receives the important ascending sensory tracts, the medial and
spinal lemnisci. Pero kayo tho, basa basa din doc HAHAHA
(Snell Clin Neuroanat, Ch 12, pg 366)
Hippocampus, dentate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus
Ratio: Snell Clin Neuroanat Chap 9, pg 301
a. Temporal lobe
b. Occipital lobe
c. Frontal lobe

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 determines if the information is previously known to d. Parietal lobe
the individual or not? (Memory) e. Brainstem
71. This nucleus which is the meeting place of the optic and a. Edinger-westphal nucleus
oculomotor nerves is responsible for PUPILLARY b. Central nucleus of perlia
CONSTRICTION / c. Oculomotor nucleus
d. Facial nucleus

Ratio: snell clini neuroanat chapter 11, pg 331

72. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the hypothalamus a. The hypothalamus sends out neurons and their
and its related structures. hormonal products down to the anterior pituitary
b. The fourth ventricle passess at the center of the
hypothalamus and the thalamus
c. The mamillary bodies are four structures that bulge
out at the back of the midbrain
d. The infundibulum is considered to be the stalk of
the pituitary gland where the nerve fibers from the
hypothalamus are found
73. This structure is seen as a swelling on the posterior a. Superior colliculus
surface of the thalamus and forms part of the auditory b. Inferior colliculus
pathway. c. Lateral geniculate body
d. Medial geniculate body
74. Some of the cells of the cerebral cortex have axons that a. Callosal fibers
go deep into the white matter. These cells serve certain b. Association fibers
functions which DOES NOT INCLUDE this. / c. Commissural fibers
d. Projection fibers

Ratio: Duus Neurology Book

The subcortical white matter is bounded by the cerebral
cortex, the lateral ventricles, and the striatum. Its nerve
fibers are of three types:
• Projection fibers
• Association fibers
• Commissural fibers
75. As we prepare to sprint, the reticular formation exerts Reciprocal relaxation of the extensor muscles of the legs as
control over skeletal muscles vias the following action. the flexor muscles contract

Ratio:
Functions of Limbic System:
• Control of skeletal muscles….it can also bring about
reciprocal inhibition; for example when th flexor muscles
contract, the antagonistic extensors relax
76. Afferent and efferent fibers of the limbic system a. Hippocampus
converge and originate (respectively) mainly from this b. Midbrain
structure of the limbic system. / c. Mammillary bodies
d. Anterior thalamic nucleus
77. This structure is NOT CONSIDERED TO BE PART of Frontal horn
the lateral ventricle.
Ratio:

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 The ventricle is a roughly C-shaped cavity and may be divided
into a body which occupies the parietal love and from which
anterior, posterior, and inferior horns extend into frontal, occipital
and temporal lobes
78. Among the choices, this nucleus is found in both the a. Anterior nucleus – medial zone
medial and lateral zones of the hypothalamus b. Paraventricular nucleus – medial zone
c. Supraoptic nucleus – lateral zone
d. Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Ratio: Suprachiasmatic and parts of preoptic are found in both

zones (Snell Clin Neuroanat, Ch 13, pg 375)
79. In the course of your examination of a post head trauma a. Temporal lobe
patient, you ask her to READ A SENTENCE then b. Frontal lobe
REPEAT IT OUT LOUD. If the reading material is c. Brainstem
familiar to the person, what part of the brain d. Parietal lobe
expresses the words? e. Occipital lobe
80. Lentiform nucleus is a collective term for which two a. Caudate nucleus and putamen – neostriatum/striatum
nuclei of the basal ganglia? b. Caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
c. Globus pallidus and putamen
d. Caudate nucleus and claustrum
81. In the course of your examination of a post head trauma a. Occipital lobe
patient, you ask her to READ A SENTENCE then b. Temporal lobe
REPEAT IT OUT LOUD. What part of the brain receives c. Frontal lobe
and processes the information? d. Parietal lobe
e. Brainstem
82. This hormone arises from the posterior pituitary gland or Oxytocin
the neurohypophysis.
83. Afferent input to the basal nuclei is received by these a. Caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
structures. b. Caudate nucleus and putamen
c. Caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
d. Globus pallidus and putamen

Ratio:
Caudate nucleus and putamen form the main sites for receiving
input to the basal nuclei
84. This nucleus of the brainstem is responsible for a. Central nucleus of Perlia
adjusting your eyes when you attempt to read the very b. Superior salivatory nucleus
small imprints of a medicine vial. c. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
d. Facial nucleus

Ratio: Snell Clinical Neuroanat, Ch 11, page 329 something

about accommodation reflex or wtvr, basa basa din charot
85. In the course of your examination of a post head trauma a. Occipital lobe – area 17
patient, you ask her to READ A SENTENCE then b. Temporal lobe
REPEAT IT OUT LOUD. What part of the brain receives c. Frontal lobe
the visual stimulus from the reading material? d. Parietal lobe
e. Brainstem

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 PREFINALS TERM EXAM
1. Among the choices, this autonomic nervous system Postganglionic sympathetic fiber to the heart -
neuron is the only one that DOES NOT CONTAIN Norepinephrine
acetylcholine.
2. A 25-year-old man hits the back of his head while Internal occipital protuberance
attempting to do a backflip jump in his pool. He is
rushed to the hospital and sent to get an emergency
computed tomography (CT). The CT shows a fracture
of his skull near the confluence of sinuses. At the level
of which structure of the skull is the confluence of
sinuses located?
3. Which artery arises from the bifurcation of the basilar Posterior cerebral artery
artery?
4. What is the name of the connecting point of the Confluence of sinuses
superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse
sinus and occipital sinus?
5. The cerebellum has this/these neurotransmitter/s. a. Norepinephrine
b. All of the choices
c. Glutamate
d. Serotonin
6. Which of the following dural venous sinuses courses a. Inferior sagittal sinus
along the free border of the lesser wing of the b. Straight sinus
sphenoid bone? c. Superior petrosal sinus
d. Sphenoparietal sinus
e. Inferior petrosal sinus
7. This is/these are the function/s of large and multipolar a. They innervate the neuromuscular spindles.
nerve cell groups in the anterior gray columns of the b. All of the choices statements are true.
spinal cord. c. They innervate the skeletal muscles.
d. They innervate the smooth muscles. – small,
multipolar nerve cell groups
8. This organ has NO parasympathetic innervation. a. Heart
b. Lungs
c. Adrenal glands
d. Intestines
9. This statement is true of the autonomic nervous a. In both the sympathetic and para sympathetic
system. arms of the autonomic nervous system, there are
more postganglionic than preganglionic fibers.
b. The brainstem is the higher center that controls
the autonomic nervous system.
c. The sympathetic nervous system is comprised of
the craniosacral outflow. – parasympa
d. The parasympathetic nervous system is
comprised of the thoracolumbar outflow. - sympa
10. This statement best describes the male autonomic a. These are three pathways by which penile
physiology. erection can be made possible.
b. The erection centers are found in the
thoracolumbar and sacral areas of the spinal
cord.
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 c. Erection is a sympathetic response. - parasympa
d. Ejaculation is a parasympathetic response. -
sympa
11. This/these ventricle/s is/are located DIRECTLY IN Fourth ventricle
FRONT of the cerebellum.
12. This is NOT KNOWN to result in penile erection. a. Incidentally sniffing the perfume of the opposite
sex
b. Accidental rubbing of the male sex organ
c. Reading erotic magazines like Playboy
d. Having somebody concentrate for you from afar
13. Which artery runs in the anterior median fissure and Anterior spinal artery
supplies the spinal cord with blood?
14. A 32-year-old man with Marfan syndrome presents to a. Posterior communicating artery
the clinic with progressive vision loss and severe b. Ophthalmic artery
pain, redness and bulging (proptosis) of his left eye. c. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
The doctor suspects a carotid-cavernous fistula and d. Posterior cerebral artery
orders a digital subtraction angiography. The scan e. Superior cerebellar artery
reveals an abnormal communication between the
internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, which
shifts the arterial blood under high pressure into the
cavernous sinus. Which of the following arteries is
given off by the internal carotid artery shortly after it
emerges from the cavernous sinus?
15. This acute usually post-infectious polyneuropathy a. Guillain – Barre syndrome
can sometimes lead to dysautonomia. b. Hirschsprungs disease
c. Horners syndrome
d. Myasthenia gravis
16. The lateral zone of each cerebellar hemisphere is Both planning of sequential movements of the entire
concerned or involved with this/these function/s. body and conscious assessment of movement errors are
true.
17. Which of the following arteries gives off the internal Common carotid artery
carotid artery?
18. Which of the following structures signifies the Cerebral arterial circle of Willis
anastomosis between the anterior and posterior
circulation of the brain?
19. A 25-year-old man hits the back of his head while Internal occipital protuberance
attempting to do a backflip jump in his pool. He is
rushed to the hospital and sent to get an emergency
computed tomography (CT). The CT shows a fracture
of his skull near the confluence of sinuses. At the level
of which structure of the skull is the confluence of
sinuses located?
20. This statement BEST DESRCIBES the cerebellum. It is the largest part of the posterior fossa of the brain.

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21. This is NOT AMONG THE FOUR DESTINATIONS of a. Thoracolumbar nerves
the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the b. Cervical nerves
sympathetic outflow tract. c. Cranial nerve nuclei
d. Blood vessels and hair follicles
22. This is NOT AMONG the four pairs of intracerebellar a. Fastigial
nuclei. b. Vermian
c. Globose
d. Emboliform
23. This statement is TRUE of the nucleus pulposus of All these statements are true.
the intervertebral disc.
Choices:
a. Its extra load is accommodated by the annulus
fibrosus.
b. It is semifluid.
c. It is slightly off center, more to the back of the
vertebral body.
d. It flattens when there is sudden increase in the load
on the vertebral column.
24. The central group of nerve cells in the anterior gray Diaphragm
columns of the spinal cord innervate this/these
structure/s.
25. In a person who is at rest, this is the expected Pupillary constriction
physiologic finding.
26. This is the nerve cell group in the posterior gray Nucleus dorsalis
column of the spinal cord that is responsible for
proprioception, two-point discrimination, and vibration
sense.
27. This/these structure/s is/are responsible for All of the choices are true
protecting the spinal cord.
choices:
a. Vertebral body and arch
b. Vertebral body and arch and Meninges are both true
c. Meninges
d. Cerebrospinal fluid
28. This statements best describes the autonomic A balance in both arms of the autonomic nervous system
nervous system. is necessary to maintain a normal internal environment.
29. This plexus influences peristaltic activity of the Myenteric plexus
intestines.
30. A neurosurgeon is performing surgery in a patient All of the choices are true.
with suspected cerebellar tumor. He is expected to
see this detail/s of the brain anatomy.
Choices:
a. The tentorium cerebelli is made up of dura
b. The tentorium cerebelli is located above the
cerebellum

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 c. The tentorium cerebelli separates the supratentorial
from the infratentorial compartment of the brain
31. Which of the following sinuses is formed by the a. Sigmoid sinus
merger of the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses? b. Superior sagittal sinus
c. Posterior intercavernous sinus
d. Sphenoparietal sinus
e. Transverse sinus
32. This is the ascending tract of the spinal cord that is a. Anterior spinothalamic tract – light touch and
responsible for pain and temperature sensation, pressure
b. Spinothalamic tract
c. Lateral spinothalamic tract
d. Cuneocerebellar tract – muscle joint sense to the
cerebellum
33. A 62-year-old accountant is rushed to the hospital by Foramen magnum
his coworkers after collapsing in his office. After
thorough physical and neurological evaluation, the
doctor suspects a stroke and orders a CT scan. Ct
imaging reveals ischemic changes secondary to
extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Through which
of the following openings does the vertebral enter the
skull?
34. This statement is TRUE of the length of the spinal All of these statements are true
cord in young patients.
Choices:
a. The spinal cord in children ends at the upper border
of the L3 vertebra
b. The spinal cord length has implications when doing
lumbar puncture
c. Both the spinal cord in children is relatively longer
than the adult spinal cord and the spinal cord in
children ends at the upper border of the L3 vertebra
are true
d. The spinal cord in children is relatively longer than the
spinal adult cord
35. Anterior spinal artery syndrome is a syndrome Vertebral artery
characterized by an infarction of the anterior two
thirds of the spinal cord due to an occlusion of the
anterior spinal artery. It manifests as a bowel and
bladder dysfunction and flaccid paralysis below the
lesion, with preserved proprioception and pain and
temperature sensation. The anterior spinal artery is a
branch of which of the following arteries?
36. Which artery of the internal carotid system a. Anterior cerebral artery
anastomoses with the posterior cerebral artery and b. Posterior communicating artery
establishes a connection with the vertebrobasilar c. Superior cerebellary artery
system? d. Middle cerebral artery
e. Anterior communicating artery

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37. Which among these structures connect the Superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles
cerebellum to the brainstem?

38. The gray matter of the cerebellar cortex is made up All of the choices are correct
of three layers. These are the correct names of these
layers.
Choices:
a. Molecular, Purkinje and granular layers
b. External, middle and internal layers
39. As a medical student you are viewing an angiogram, a. Motor and sensory function in the left lower limb
which illustrates the occlusion of the Anterior b. Motor and sensory function in the right lower
Cerebral Artery supplying the right hemisphere. limb
Because of this information, you know that the patient c. Motor and sensory function in the right upper
will have a deficit in which of the following? limb
d. Motor and sensory function in the upper and
lower limb
e. Motor and sensory function in the left upper limb
40. This/these structure/s is/are responsible for All of the choices
discriminative touch, vibratory sense and conscious
muscle joint sense.
Choices:
a. Posterior white column
b. Fasciculus cuneatus
c. Fasciculus gracilis

The fasciculi are under the posterior white column.

41. These are motor neurons in the anterior gray columns a. Both lower motor neuron and upper motor
of the spinal cord that send axons to innervate neuron are true
skeletal muscles through the anterior roots of the b. Upper motor neuron
spinal nerves. c. Lower motor neuron
d. None of the choices apply
42. Which among the following structures separates the Primary fissure
anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum?
43. Which of the following dural venous sinuses forms a. Transverse sinus
from the confluence of the inferior sagittal sinus and b. Sigmoid sinus
the great cerebral vein of Galen? c. Occipital sinus
d. Straight sinus
e. Superior petrosal sinus
44. These are the white matter fibers that enter the Afferent fibers
cerebellum through the inferior and middle cerebellar
peduncles.
45. The sympathetic postganglionic neurons going to a. Sex organs
this/these organ/s has epinephrine and b. Salivary glands
norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. c. Blood vessels
d. Sweat glands
46. This organ has NO sympathetic innervation. a. Urinary bladder
b. Pupils
c. Salivary glands

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 d. Sweat glands
47. In a person who is subjected to an emergency Vasodilatation of arterioles to the skeletal muscles
situation, this is an expected physiologic reaction.
48. This cranial nerve is one of the four nerves that are Oculomotor nerve
part of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Ratio:
PNS craniosacral outflow:
Cranial Nerves:
• Oculomotor (Edinger-westphal)
• Facial (Superior salivatory or lacrimatory)
• Glossopharyngeal (inferior salivatory)
• Vagus (Dorsal nucleus)
Sacral segment: S2-S4
49. This is the neurotransmitter in the preganglionic Acetylcholine
sympathetic fiber to the heart.
Ratio:
NE and Epi – postganglionic sympathetic fiber
50. This group of nerve cells in the anterior gray columns Lateral group
of the spinal cord are responsible for innervating the
skeletal muscles of the extremities.
Ratio:
Medial group – skeletal muscles, neck and trunk, intercostal
and abdominal muscles
Central group (C3-C5) – diaphragm
Central group (C1-C5/C6) – SCM and trapezius

EVALUATION EXAM
PREFINAL
CEREBELLUM
46. The purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum is made up of this Golgi type 1
type of cells.
47. This is the other name of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum Middle lobe
48. On close perusal of the human brain specimen in your Anterior, middle, flocculonodular
neuroanatomy class, you will note that cerebellum has 3
lobes. These are the correct names of the 3 lobes of the
cerebellum.
49. The gray matter of the cerebellar cortex is made up of 3 All of the above are correct
layers
Choices:
a. Molecular, purkinje and granular layers

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 b. External, middle and internal layers
50. This statement BEST DESCRIBES the cerebellum. It is found in the infratentorial compartment of the
brain
51. These are three masses of gray matter embedded in the Intracerebellar nuclei
white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere.
52. The middle cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum to Pons
this structure
53. Which among the ff structures separates the anterior and Primary fissure
posterior lobes of the cerebellum?
54. These are the fibers found in the white matter of the B and C are true
cerebellum
Choices:
a. Extrinsic fibers
b. Afferent and efferent fibers
c. Intrinsic fibers
55. The cerebellum has this/these neurotransmitter/s AOTA

Choices:
a. Serotonin
b. Norepinephrine
c. Glutamate
56. This structure is found between the cerebellum and the Fourth ventricle
brainstem
57. These are the white matter fibers that enter the cerebellum Afferent fibers
through the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles
58. Which among these structures connect the cerebellum to the Superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles
brainstem?
59. This statement best describes the structure of the The intracerebellar nuclei consist of gray matter
cerebellum
60. This statement best describes the white matter of the Vermis has lesser amount of white matter
cerebellum
61. Which of the ff structures make up the cortex of the Gray matter
cerebellum
62. A neurosurgeon is performing surgery in a patient with The tentorium cerebelli is made up of dura
suspected cerebellar tumor. He is expected to see this detail
of the brain anatomy
Choices:
a. Tentorium cerebelli is located below the
cerebellum
b. Tentorium cerebelli separates the anterior from
the posterior cranial fossa
c. Tentorieum crebelli is made up of dura
d. All of the above statements are false

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 Ratio:
Tentorium cerebelli is a crescent-shaped fold of
the dura mater and forms a roof over the posterior
cranial fossa. It shields the superior surface of
the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the
cerebral hemispheres.
63. The lateral zone of each cerebellar hemisphere is concerned Both A and B
or involved with this/these function/functions
Choices:
a. Planning of sequential of the entire body
b. Conscious assessment of movement errors
64. This is NOT among the four pairs of intracerebellar nuclei Flucculonodulus
65. This is the name of the structure that joins the right and left vermis
cerebellar hemispheres
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
DR. FLORESCA
1. An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric hospital SIGMOID
presenting with severe right-sided ear pain and fever. He is
diagnosed with otitis externa and prescribed antibiotics. His
symptoms improved over the next several days, however, he
develops nausea, projectile vomiting and headaches. He is
brought to the hospital again, where a CT scan reveals a
right-sided mastoiditis. The doctor suspects the inflammation
spread from the mastoid antrum through the mastoid
emissary veins to the dural venous sinuses. The mastoid
emissary veins connect which of the following dural sinuses
to the mastoid antrum?
2. What is the first branch of the subclavian artery? VERTEBRAL ARTERY
3. Which of the following structures is laterally adjacent to the TEMPORAL LOBE
cavernous sinus?
4. Which artery gives rise to the superior cerebellar artery? BASILAR ARTERY
5. Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the dura MENINGEAL BRANCHES OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY
mater?
6. What is the name of the connecting point of the superior CONFLUENCE OF SINUS
sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, and occipital
sinus?
7. Which of the following dural venous sinuses does the CAVERNOUS SINUS
sphenoparietal sinus drain into?
8. which of the following arteries gives rise to the anterior spinal VERTEBRAL ARTERY
artery?

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9. Which artery arises from the bifurcation of the basilar artery? POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
10. which of the following branches of the internal carotid artery OPTHALMIC ARTERY
supplies the contents of the orbit?
11. Which of the following arteries supplies the dorsal columns POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
andhorns of the spinal cord?
12. Which of the following dural venous sinuses extends from the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
foramen cecum of the frontal bone to the internal occipital
protuberance of the occipital bone?
13. Into which two mains branches does the anterior cerebral CALLOSOMARGINAL ARTERY
artery bifurcate?
14. Which artery of the internal carotid system anastomoses with POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY
theposterior cerebral artery and establishes a connection with
the vertebrobasilar system?
15. The occlusion of which blood vessel can lead to impaired POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERIES
proprioception and nociception (sensation of pain), as it
supplies the posterior funiculus?
16. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY

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17. IDENTIFY GREEN MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

18. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

19. WHAT ARTERY SUPPLIES THE GREEN-COLORED ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

STRUCTURE?

20. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS

21. Anterior spinal artery syndrome is a syndrome characterized VERTEBRAL ARTERY
by an infarction of theanterior two thirds of the spinal cord
due to an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. Itmanifests

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 as a bowel and bladder dysfunction and flaccid paralysis
below the lesion, with preserved proprioception and pain and
temperature sensation. The anterior spinalartery is a branch
of which of the following arteries?
22. A 65-year-old man suffering from atherosclerosis and ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
smoking cigarettes for over 40years, is being admitted to
your emergency unit. Both of his legs have become paretic
within one hour. It is assumed that the symptoms are
caused by occlusion of a vessel that supplies the spinal
cord with blood. Which vessel suppliesgreat parts of the
ventral and lateral spinal cord and can cause the described
symptoms in case of occlusion?
23. Which artery gives rise to the superior cerebellar artery? BASILAR ARTERY
24. Which of the following veins connect the extracranial EMISSARY VEINS
venous system and theintracranial venous system?
25. Which artery arises from the bifurcation of the basilar INFERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
artery?
26. A 39-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
presents to the clinic with urinary incontinence, loss of
sensation on his right leg and paralysis of his right leg and
pelvic floor muscles. The doctor orders a non-contrast
head CT which shows ischemic changes in the motor and
sensory cortex for the contralateral leg and perineum, as
well as the micturition and defecation centers. A digital
subtraction angiography reveals an embolic occlusion of
the artery that supplies these areas. Which of the following
is the artery in question?
27. Which of the following arteries gives off the vertebral SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
artery?
28. Which bone forms the medial wall of the cavernous sinus? ETHMOID BONE
29. Which artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries? ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY
30. Which artery gives rise to the superior cerebellar artery? BASILAR ARTERY
31. A 25-year-old man hits the back of his head while INTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE
attempting to do a backflip jump inhis pool. He is rushed to
the hospital and sent to get an emergency computed
tomography (CT). The CT shows a fracture of his skull near
the confluence of sinuses. At the level of which structure of
the skull is the confluence of sinuseslocated?
32. Which artery runs in the anterior median fissure and ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
supplies the spinal cord withblood?

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33. Which of the following dural venous sinuses travels along TRANSVERSE SINUS
the base of the tentoriumcerebelli and the occipital bone?
34. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

35. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY

36. THE GREEN COLORED STRUCTURE IS A BRANCH OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY

WHAT ARTERY?

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 GROOVE FOR SIGMOID SINUS

37. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR

38. THE GREEN COLORED STRUCTURE IS FORMED BY VERTEBRAL ARTERY

WHAT ARTERIES?
39. Which artery arises from the bifurcation of the basilar POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
artery?
40. Which of the following structures signifies the anstomosis CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE OF WILLIS
between the anterior and posterior circulation of the brain?
41. An infarct involving the hypothalamus would most likely ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
result from the occlusion of the?
42. As a medical student you are viewing an angiogram, which MOTOR AND SENSE FUNCTION IN LEFT LOWER
illustrates the occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery LIMB
supplying the right hemisphere. Because of this
information, you know that the patient will have a deficit in
which of the ff?
43. Which of the following branches of the internal carotid OPTHALMIC ARTERY
artery supplies the contents of the orbit?
44. What is the first branch of the subclavian artery? VERTEBRAL ARTERY
45. The occlusion of which blood vessel can lead to impaired POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERIES
proprioception and nociception as it supplies the posterior

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 funiculus?
46. Which of the following arteries supplies the ventral ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
columns and horns of the spinal cord?
47. Which of the following is an arterial branch of the vertebral POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY
system supplying the brain?
48. Which of the following arteries gives off the internal COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
carotid artery?
49. Which of the following dural venous sinuses extends from SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
the foramen cecum of the frontal bone to the internal
occipital protuberance of the occipital bone?
50. The supply areas of the major cerebral arteries do not POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
usually overlap. This means that incase of an infarction,
typical symptoms arise depending on which artery is
occluded. Which of the following arteries is most likely to
be affected in the presence of left-sided visual field loss
(homonymous hemianopia)?
51. Which of the following dural venous sinuses courses SPHENOPARIETAL SINUS
along the free border of the lesser wing of the sphenoid
bone?
52. A 32- year old man with Marfan Syndrome presents to the OPTHALMIC ARTERY
clinic with progressive vision lossand severe pain, redness
and bulging (proptosis) of his left eye. The doctor suspects
a carotid-cavernous fistula and orders a digital subtraction
angiography. The scan reveals an abnormal
communication between the internal carotid artery and
cavernous sinus, which shifts the arterial blood under high
pressure into the cavernous sinus. Which of the following
arteries is given off by the internal carotid artery shortly
after it emerges from the cavernous sinus. Which of the
following arteries is given off by the internal carotid artery
shortly after it emerges from the cavernous sinus?
53. Which artery of the internal carotid system anastomoses ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
with the posterior cerebral artery and establishes a
connection with the vertebrobasilar system?
54. Which of the following arteries gives off the vertebral SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
artery?
55. Which of the following arteries supplies the spinal cord and POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
runs in the posterolateral sulcus

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56. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE IN GREEN COLOR SIGMOID SINUS

57. Which of the following bony structures form the floor of the GREATER WING OF SPHENOID BONE
cavernous sinus?
58. A 62 - year old accountant is rushed to the hospital by his FORAMEN MAGNUM
coworkers after collapsing in his office. After thorough
physical and neurological evaluation, the doctor suspects a
stroke and orders a CT scan. CT imaging reveals ischemic
changes secondary to extracranial vertebral artery stenosis.
Through which of the following openings does the vertebral
artery enter the skull?
59. Which of the following arteries runs downwards in the ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
anterior median fissure of the spinal cord?
60. Which of the following dural sinuses occupies the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
longitudinal cerebral fissure?
61. Which of the following dural venous sinuses forms from the STRAIGHT SINUS
confluence of the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral
vein of Galen?

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