► EXERCISES

I. Complete the sentences with must (not) or (do not) have to (in the correct form). Sometimes it’s
possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible.
 I have to go to the airport. I’m meeting someone.
 It’s too late. I must/ have to go now.
 You have to lock the door when you go out. There have been a lot of break-ins recently.
 Jack left before the end of the meeting. He had to go home early.
 I’ve already finished all my work, so I don't have to study tonight.
 Students must/have to wear uniform when they go to school.
 You really have to hurry up, Vicky. We don’t want to be late.
 I don’t want anyone to know. You mustn’t tell anyone.
 When you come to London again, you must come and see us.
 A person must become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.
 Julia wears glasses. She had to wear glasses since she was very young.
 I will have to work late tomorrow. We are very busy at the office.
 Johnny! You mustn’t play with sharp knives.
 Caroline may have to go away next week.
 You really have to work harder if you want to pass the examination.
 I don’t have to go to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
 We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We had to take it to a garage.
 You really have to make less noise. I’m trying to concentrate.
 Don’t make so much noise. We mustn’t wake the baby.
 The food was free, so we didn’t have to pay.
 I think you will have to pay to park here. I’ll just go and read that notice.
 Daniel must go to the bank. He hasn’t any money.
 You don’t have to wash those glasses. They’re clean.
 You mustn’t wear your best clothes. You’ll get them dirty.
 I have to put the heating on. I feel really cold.
II. Put in must, mustn't, needn't.
1. Laura : You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
John : Well, I don’t know. It might do.
Laura : Don’t lose it then. You mustn’t leave it on the bus.
2. Vicky : Come on. We must hurry. We mustn’t be late.
Rachel : It’s only ten past. We must hurry. There’s lots of time.
3. Tom : What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?
Susan : Well, it needn‘t be big - that’s not important. But it must have a nice garden - that’s essential.
4. Claire : My sister and I are going a different way.
Guide : Oh, you mustn’t go off on your own. It isn’t safe. We must keep together in a group.
5. David : I’ll put these cups in the dishwasher.
Melanie : No, you mustn’t put them in there. It might damage them. In fact, we needn’t wash them at
all. We didn’t use them.
6. Secretary : I mustn’t forget to type this letter.
Mark : Yes, it must be done in the post today because it’s quite urgent. But the report isn’t so
important. You needn’t type the report today.
7. Sandra : Thanks for the book, Mom.
Mom : Well, it’s a valuable book. You must look after it carefully and you mustn’t lose it.
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 8. Anne : I think I must go shopping. We’ve run out of food.
Susan : We have enough food for dinner, so I needn’t go shopping today.

III. Complete the sentences with can(not), could(not) or be (not) able to. Sometimes It’s possible to use
either.
1. Natasha could / was be able to play the piano when she was four.
2. George has travelled a lot. He can speak four languages.
3. I used to be able to stand on my head but I can’t do it now.
4. I’m afraid I won’t be able to come to the party tonight.
5. The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma was able to put it right again.
6. Ask Catherine about your problem. She might be able to help you.
7. I learned to read music as a child. I was able to read it when I was five.
8. Suddenly all the lights went out. We couldn’t see a thing.
9. The drivers hadn’t been able to stop before they crashed into each other.
10. I’m sorry I haven’t been able to come and see you before. ~ I’m OK, thanks. I can walk around now.
The doctor says I will be able to go back to work soon.
11. People heard warning about the flood, and they could move out in time.
12. There was a big party last night. You could hear the music half a mile away.
13. Let’s have lunch together. We can go to that new restaurant.
14. The train was full. I couldn’t find a seat anywhere.
15. She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.
IV. For each situation write a sentence with should or shouldn't + one of the following.
go away for a few days go to bed so late look for another job
take a photograph take an aspirin use her car so much
put some pictures on the walls drive so fast
1. Daisy’s got a headache. She should take an aspirin .
2. My salary is very low. You should look for another job
3. Liz needs a change. She should go away for a few days
4. Sue drives everywhere. She never walks. She shouldn’t drive her car so much.
5. Bill’s room isn’t very interesting. He should put some pictures on the walls
6. There’s a police car behind you. You shouldn’t drive so fast
7. Jack always has difficulty getting up. He shouldn’t go to bed so late
8. What a beautiful view! You should take some pictures.
V. Put in should, shouldn't, ought or oughtn't.
Vicky : I can’t come out tonight. I (1) ought to do some more work. I’m behind with
everything. I’ve got so much to do.
Rachel : You (2) shouldn’t worry so much, Vicky. Don’t panic. You (3) ought to relax sometimes. You (4)
should take a break.
Vicky : I know I (5) shouldn’t panic, but I do. I can’t help it.
Rachel : Anyway, you’re doing OK, aren’t you? Your results have been good. You (6) should be pleased.
You (7) oughtn’t to invent problem for yourself.
VI. Complete the conversations using can/ could/ might/ must/ should/ would... + the verb in brackets.
In some sentences you need to use have (must have .../ should have ...). In some sentences you need
the negative (can’t/ couldn’t...)
1. A: I’m hungry.
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 B: But you’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already. (be)
2. A: I haven’t seen your neighbors for ages.
B: No. They must have sone away. (go)
3. A: What’s the weather like? Is it raining?
B: Not at the moment but it could rain later. (rain)
4. A: Where has Julia gone?
B: I’m not sure. She might have gone to the bank. (go)
5. A: I didn’t see you at John’s party last week.
B: No, I had to work that evening, so I couldn’t go (go)
6. A: I saw you at John’s party last night.
B: No, you didn’t. You couldn’t have seen me. I didn’t go to John’s party. (see)
7. A: When did you post the letter to Mary?
B: This morning. So she must get it tomorrow. (get)
8. A: When was the last time you saw Bill?
B: Years ago. I would not recognize him if I saw him now. (recognize)
9. A: Did you hear the explosion?
B: What explosion?
A: There was a loud explosion a few minutes ago. You could have heard it. (hear)
10. A: We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.
B: You went the wrong way. You should have turned 7 left. (turn)

VII. Make sentences from the words in brackets.

1. Don’t phone Ann now. (she might/ have/ lunch)
She might he having lunch,
2. I ate too much. Now I feel sick. (I shouldn’t/ eat/ so much)
I shouldn’t have eaten so much.
3. Why did you go home early? (you needn’t/ go/ home early)
You needn’t have gone home early.
4. I wonder why Tom didn’t phone me. (he must/ forget)
He must have forgot to phone me.
5. You’ve signed the contract, (it/ can’t/ change/ now)
It can’t be changed now.
6. What’s Linda doing? ~ I’m not sure. (she may/ watch/ television)
She may be watching television.
7. Ann was standing outside the cinema. (she must/ wait/ for somebody)
She must be waiting for somebody.
8. He was in prison at the time that the crime was committed, so (he couldn’t/ do/ it)
He couldn’t have done it
9. Why weren’t you here earlier? (you ought/ be/ here earlier)
You ought to have been earlier.
10. Why didn’t you ask me to help you? (I would/ help/ you)
I would have helped you.
11. I’m surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous. (you should/ warn)
You should have been warned that the road was dangerous.
12. George was in strange mood yesterday, (he might not/ feel/ very well)
He might not have felt very well.

VIII. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets.
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 1. Perhaps Susan knows the address, (may) → Susan may know the address .
2. We should be careful. (ought)
We ought to be careful
3. I managed to finish all my work. (able)
I was able to finish all my work.
4. I realize that it was a terrible experience for you. (must)
I realize that it must have been a terrible experience for you.
5. It’s against the rules for players to have a drink. (allowed)
Players are not allowed to have a drinks.
6. The best thing for you to do is to sit down. (better)
There isn’t any better way for you to do than to sit down.
7. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
The report has to be on my desk tomorrow.
8. It’s possible that Joanna did not receive my message. (might)
Joanna might not have received my message.
9. It’s impossible for Martin to be jogging in this weather. (can’t)
Martin can’t be jogging in this weather.
10. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)
Nancy didn’t need to clean the flat.
IX. Put in used to + infinitive or be/ get used to + -ing form. Use the verbs in brackets.
1. When I was a child. I _______________________ (dream) of being an astronaut.
2. I’m terribly nervous. I _______________________ (not/ speak) to a large audience.
3. It took us ages to _______________________ (live) in a block of flat.
4. Lots of trains _______________________ (stop) here, but not many do now.
5. Didn’t Nick ________________________ (work) on a building site?
6. I’ll have an orange juice, please. I _______________________ (not/ drink) alcohol.
7. David doesn’t seem to mind being in hospital. I suppose he _______________________ (be) there.
8. When Laura was at college, she _______________________ (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her
bedroom wall.
9. We _______________________ (live) in a small village but now we live in London.
10. I feel very full after that meal. I _______________________ (eat) so much.
11. I _______________________ (have) a car but I sold it a few months ago.
12. There _______________________ (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.
13. In the old days we __________________ (not/ have) electricity and things ____________________
(be) different from the way they are now.
14. After her husband died, the old woman had to _______________________ (live) on her own.
15. Most visitors to Britain _______________________ (not/ drive) on the left.
X. Complete the conversations. Put in a to-infinitive or an ing-form.
1. A: I hear you sometimes sail to France in your boat.
B: That’s right. I really enjoy sailing .
2. A: Are you going to organize our trip?
B: Yes, of course. I’ve agreed organize it.
3. A: You wear a uniform at work, don’t you?
B: Yes, I have to, although I dislike wearing it.
4. A: Do you think they’ll approve the plan?
B: Yes, I’m quite sure they’ll decide to approve it.

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 5. A: What time will you be back?
B: Oh, I expect to be back sometime around nine.
6. A: Did I remind you about the dinner tonight?
B: Yes, thank you. You keep reminding me.
7. A: Was your decision the right one, do you think?
B: Yes, luckily. In the end it proved to be the best thing for everyone.
8. A: Do you still work at the post office?
B: No, I gave up working there last year.
9. A: Have ICM bought the company?
B: Well, they’ve offered to buy it.
10. A: I’m sorry you had to wait all that time.
B: Oh, it’s all right. I don’t mind waiting .
XI. Complete the conversation. Put in the to-infinitive or ing-form.
Matthew : Are we going to have a holiday this year?
Natasha : Didn’t we all decide (1) to spend (spend) our holiday on a Greek island?
Matthew : Lovely, I enjoy (2) lying (lie) on the beach. I might manage (3) to get (get) a suntan.
Daniel : I’d love a holiday. I can’t wait (4) to leave (leave) this place behind.
Emma : I don’t fancy (5) staying (stay) in one place all the time. I really dislike
(6) sitting (sit) on the beach all day.
Natasha : Well, I don’t mind (7) touring (tour) around somewhere.
Emma : Matthew, you promised (8) to go (go) to Scotland with me. We were planning (9) to hire
(hire) a car.
Matthew : Scotland? Are you sure? But I couldn’t face (10)driving (drive) all the time.
Jessica : I’m afraid I can’t afford (11) to spend (spend) too much money.
Andrew : And I can’t justify: bào chữa (12) taking (take) all that time off from my studies.
XII. Put in the to-infinitive or ing-form of these verbs.
I used to like (1) going to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character.
Now they’ve stopped (2) showing (show) films there. The owner would like (3) togo (go) on (4) running
(run) the cinema, but he would need (5) to make (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean (6) to
spend (spend) ten of thousands of pounds. I remember (7) watching (watch) the last film at the cinema. It
was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying (8) to work (work) out who the
murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few
minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. T regret (9) to tell (tell) you,’ he said, ‘that our
electricity has failed. I don’t mean (10) to disappoint (disappoint) you, but I’m afraid we can’t show you the
end of the film. We’ve tried (11) phoning (phone) the electricity company, but they say they can’t help. He
went on (12) explaining (explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didn’t understand the story. But I
don’t regret (13) going (go) to the cinema that last evening.
XIII. Put the verb into the correct form.
1. How old were you when you learned to drive? (drive)
2. I don’t mind walking (walk) home but I’d rather get (get) a taxi.
3. I can’t make a decision. I keep changing (change) my mind.
4. He had made his decision and refused to change (change) his mind.
5. The film was very sad. It made me cry (cry).
6. It was a really good holiday. We really enjoyed being (be) by the sea again.
7. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford to go (go) out very often.
8. Did I really tell you I was unhappy? I don’t remember saying (say) that.
9. Remember to phone (phone) Tom tomorrow.
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 10. I pretended to be (be) interested in the conversation but really it was very boring.
11. The water here is not very good. I’d avoid drinking (drink) it if I were you.
12. I got up and look out of the window seeing (see) what the weather was like.
13. I have a friend who claims to be (be) able to speak five languages.
14. He likes thinking (think) carefully about things before making (make) a decision.
15. Steve used to be (be) a footballer. He had to stop playing (play) because of an injury.
16. After having stopped (stop) by the police, the man admitted having stolen (steal) the car but denied
having driven (drive) at 100 miles an hour.
17. How do you make this machine ____________________ (work)?
~ I’m not sure. Try ____________________ (press) that button and see what happen.
18. They don’t allow ______________________ (smoke) in the auditorium, they don’t want
____________________ (risk) ____________________ (set) it on fire.
19. Would you like me ____________________ (turn) down the radio?
~ No, it’s all right. I’m used to ____________________ (work) with the radio on.
20. I always try __________________ (come) in quietly but they always hear me ___________________
(go) upstairs. It’s impossible ____________________ (climb) an old wooden staircase at night
without ____________________ (make) noise.

XIV. Make sentences from the notes.

1. Tessa/ want/ buy/ a new coat/ soon. Tessa wants to buy a new coat soon.
2. we/ must/ avoid/ waste/ so much time
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. it/ not/ worth/ take/ a taxi
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Jane/ like/ see/ the Rocky Mountain/ some day
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. I/ not/ fancy/ go/ for a walk
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. we/ mean/ give/ Judy/ a nice welcome/ yesterday
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Tom/ not/ like/ swim/ much
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. I/ can’t face/ get up/ at five/ tomorrow
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. last year/ we/ make/ an agreement/ work/ together
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. yesterday/ you/ promise/ carry on/ shoot/ the film
____________________________________________________________________________________
11. my father/ seem/ get/ better/ now
____________________________________________________________________________________
12. I’d rather/ you/ do/ the shopping
____________________________________________________________________________________
13. my mother/ not/ used/ walk/ so far
____________________________________________________________________________________
14. he/ insist/ show/ his photographs/ me
____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Bill/ suggest/ have/ dinner/ early

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 ____________________________________________________________________________________

XV. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first.
1. I was surprised I passed the exam. I didn’t expect to pass the exam.
2. Did you manage to get hold of the CD? Did you succeed ___________________________________.
3. I don’t read newspapers any more. I’ve given up ______________________________________.
4. I’d prefer not to go out tonight. I’d rather ______________________________________.
5. My father said I could use his car. My father allowed _______________________________.
6. He can’t walk very well. He has difficulty ___________________________________.
7. Don’t stop him doing what he wants. Let _________________________________.
8. He looks older when he wears glasses. Glasses make _____________________________.
9. They said I was a cheat. I was accused _________________________________.
10. At first I didn’t like to apply for the job but Sarah persuaded me.
Sarah persuaded ___________________________________________________________________.
11. It will be good to see them again. I’m looking forward __________________________________.
12. I’m sorry that I didn’t take your advice. I regret _________________________________.
13. My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police.
My lawyer advised _________________________________________________________________.
14. It’s a pity I couldn’t go out with you. I’d like ______________________________________.
15. I was told that I shouldn’t believe everything he says.
I was warned ______________________________________________________________________.
XVI. Choose the correct forms of the verbs.
1. Police found the woman to lie/ lying dead on the floor.
2. I don’t mind to be shouted/ being shouted at by him. He threatened to sack/ sacking me last week, but
he apologised very politely later.
3. We had arranged to meet/ meeting in my office so that he could check/ checking the documents.
4. We found it very difficult to work/ working with Gemma. She keeps forgetting to pass/ passing on
important message, and she won’t let anybody to help/ help her.
5. Thank you for invite/ inviting me to come and see you next month. I’m already excited about to see/
seeing you again.
6. Look! We aren’t allowed to park/ parking here. The car needs to park/ parking on the right position.
7. I came here to see/ seeing Janet. She must have forgotten I was coming. - It seems rather careless of
her to forget/ forgetting.
8. You say you need some advice? ~Yes, I’m sorry to bother/ bothering you, but I don’t know who to
ask/ to be asked.
9. I planned to visit/ visiting my parents last week, but they suggested to postpone/ postponing the visit
for a week because they hadn’t finished to decorate/ decorating the spare room.
10. The orator stopped talking/ to talk. He felt thirsty so he stopped to have/having a drink.
11. I had difficulty to find/ finding way to solve the situation. - There’s nothing you can do about this
situation, so it’s no use to worry/ worrying about it.
12. I congratulated Ann on to pass/ passing the exam. She spent a lot of time to study/ studying.
13. Did you accuse Nigel of to break/ breaking a plate? - Well, I saw him knock/ knocking it off the table
with his elbow.
14. Are you going to have a rest now after to do/ doing all the cleaning? - No, I’ve got some letter to
write/ writing.
15. I’m annoyed about to be/ being late. - Well, I told you to set/ setting off in good time, didn’t I?
16. She would like him to wear/ wearing a tie because they are going to a concert.
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17. I’m sorry to keep/ keeping you to wait/ waiting. But I’m really afraid to go/ going out in the rain.
18. I can’t read when I’m traveling. It makes me feel/ to feel sick, even in a train. I’d rather just look/
looking out of the window.
19. I need to know/ knowing what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me read/ reading it?
20. We’d hate the house to be left/ being left empty.

______ THE END______