AC Circuits

AC Power Analysis

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 Instantaneous Power
Instantaneous power as the power absorbed by the
element at a specific instant of a time

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Instantaneous Power Cont.

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Average Power

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 Example 1
Determine the average power generated by each
source and the average power absorbed by each
passive element

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Example 1 Cont.

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Example 1 Cont.

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Example 1 Cont.

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Maximum Average Power Transfer
ZL = *ZTh

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 Example 2
Calculate the maximum average power

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Example 2 Cont.

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Example 2 Cont.

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 Effective of RMS Value
The effective of a periodic current is the DC current
that delivers the same average power to a resistor as
the periodic current

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Effective of RMS Value Cont.

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Effective of RMS Value Cont.

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Effective of RMS Value Cont.

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 Example 3
Find the average power absorbed by the resistor

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Example 3 Cont.

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Example 3 Cont.

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 Apparent Power
Apparent power (in VA) is the product of the rms of the
voltage and current

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 Power Factor
The power factor (pf) is cosine of the phase difference
between voltage and current

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 Example 4
Determine the power factor

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Example 4 Cont.

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Example 4 Cont.

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Complex Power

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Reactive Power

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Example 5

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Example 5 Cont.

Complex power

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Example 5 Cont.
Apparent power

Complex power

Real power

Reactive power

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Example 5 Cont.
Power factor

Load impedance

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 Conservation of AC Power
Parallel

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Conservation of AC Power Cont.
Series

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Example 6

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Example 6 Cont.

Complex power

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Example 6 Cont.

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Example 6 Cont.

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 Power Factor Correction
The process of increasing the power factor without
altering the voltage or current to the original load

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Power Factor Correction Cont.

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Power Factor Correction Cont.

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 Example 7
When connected to a 120-V (rms), 60 Hz power line, a
load absorbs 4 kW at a lagging power factor of 0.8.
Find the value of capacitance necessary to raise the pf
to 0.95

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 Example 7 Cont.
Pf = 0.8 Pf = 0.9

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