Unit 01

Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1
BDwbU- 1 Awa‡ekb- 1
wk¶‡Yi Rb¨ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Zvrch© e¨vL¨v, AvPiY I

cÖeYZvq Gi cÖfve Ges wk¶‡Y wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai bevqb
f~wgKv
wk¶K gvbyl Movi KvwiMi- GB eûj cÖPwjZ K_vwU K‡e, KLb, †K cÖ_g
e‡jwQ‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq bv, Z‡e KvwiMi kãwU we‡kølY Ki‡j wk¶‡Yi Rb¨
AZ¨vek¨K `¶Zvm¤úbœ GKRb gvbyl‡KB g‡b c‡o| KviY wk¶Y wk¶‡Ki
KvR| eûhyM a‡i wk¶‡Ki †h fveg~wZ© Avgv‡ì gvbmc‡U wPwÎZ n‡q Av‡Q, Zv
nj GKRb gvbyl hvi Av`k©, bxwZ, wek¦vm, g~j¨‡eva, `k©b Gme AbymiY‡hvM¨
Ges mgv‡Ri me©¯Í‡ii gvbyl Zv AbymiY K‡i DËg gvbyl n‡q DV‡e I DbœZ
mgvR MVb Ki‡e| †evanq Ggb GKwU aviYv †_‡KB wk¶K‡K gvbyl Movi
KvwiMi wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs GLv‡b KvwiM‡ii nvwZqvi nj Zvi
`k©b, wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva cÖm~Z †KŠkj|
wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x, G Awa‡ek‡bi ïiæ‡Z `¶ wk¶K n‡q M‡o IVvi Rb¨ †h KvVv‡gvi Dci
GKRb wk¶‡Ki †gŠwjK mË¡v cÖwZwôZ nq, A_©vr Zvi wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva ZvB wb‡q Avgiv
Av‡jvPbv Kie|
Avmyb, †`wL wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS|
D‡Ïk¨
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb-
 wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¨ eëüZ kã¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AvPiY I cÖeYZvi g‡a¨ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
13
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
 wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
14
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¨ eëüZ kã¸‡jv wPwýZKiY


wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva `ywU c„_K aviYv, wKš‘ GKwU Ab¨wUi mv‡_ Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e m¤úwK©Z|
e¨w³i g~j¨‡eva M‡o DV‡Z wek¦v‡mi wfwËf~wg †hgb cÖ‡qvRb Avevi wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk Acwinvh©|
Avmyb, ïiæ‡Z e¨w³i PvwiwÎK ¸Yv¸Y I ˆ`bw›`b Kg©‡¶‡Î eënv‡ii Rb¨ wek¦vm I
g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYvmg~n wPwýZ Kwi|
wb‡P K‡qKwU aviYv †`qv Av‡Q| wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î eëüZ nq- Gi wfwË‡Z
a aviYv¸‡jv‡K wb‡Pi QK AbymiY K‡i c„_K Kiyb|
 ˆbwZKZv, cix¶vq bKj bv Kiv, mr civgk© I mwVK wb‡`©kbv †`qv, `jxq KvR,
BwZevPK g‡bvfve, M‡elYv, ÁvbPP©v, K‡Vvi g‡bvfve, GKxf~Z wk¶v, wk¶KZv,
weÁvb gb¯‹Zv, †ckvMZ `¶Zv, D`viZv, `y¯’†mev, D”P wPšÍv, MfxiZv|
wek¦vm g~jëva
15
ce©- L: wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv MVb
g~j¨‡eva
wek¦vm
Dc‡i wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva msµvšÍ aviYv MV‡bi Rb¨ `yB wel‡qi Rb¨ `ywU c„_K aviYv wPÎ
 †`qv nj| wP‡Î Ni¸‡jv duvKv ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avcwb wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© †h aviYv
Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv duvKv Ni¸‡jv‡Z wjLyb|
g‡b ivL‡eb, wek¦vm Avgiv †mBme †¶Î ev aviYv‡K ej‡Z cvwi hv Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b
Rxeb‡K A_©en K‡i †Zv‡j I ¯^v”Q›` †`q| Ggb †Kvb wel‡qi bvg Kx Avcwb g‡b Ki‡Z
cv‡ib hv Avcbv‡K †ek mnR I mvejxjfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z †`q?
Ggb GKwU welq nj wk¶KZv|
KviY wk¶KZv Avcbvi †ckv, hv Avcbv‡K Avcbvi ¯^Kxq êwk‡óï wfwË‡Z KvR Kivi
my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †mRb¨ G KvR K‡i Avcwb Avb›` cvb Ges Me©‡eva K‡ib| Avcbvi
Kg©‡¶Î ïay †h gvbwmK Pvwn`v †gUvq Zv bq, ˆ`bw›`b e¯‘MZ Pvwn`v wbe„wËi RbÏ G
†ckv Avcbv‡K A_© †hvMvb †`q| myZivs GKBmv‡_ ˆRweK I gvbwmK Pvwn`v †gUvq e‡j
G †ckvi Dci Avcwb Av¯’v ivL‡Z cv‡ib| myZivs wk¶KZv Avcbvi wek¦vm|
16
Ab¨w`‡K g~j¨‡eva nj wek¦v‡mi †¶‡Îi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv ev g~j¨ Av‡ivc Kiv|
mvaviY A‡_© GKRb Av`k© e¨w³i Rxe‡bi ¸Yvejx‡K g~j¨‡eva ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wk¶KZv †ckvq g~j¨‡eva Gi Dc¯’vcb wb‡gœv³fv‡e Kiv m¤¢e:
†kªwYK¶ †_‡K ïiy K‡i wk¶v_©x, †kªwY cwi‡ek, DcKiY, wk¶Y c×wZ, †KŠkj, mgq,
wk¶v cªwZôvb BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b GKwU welq j¶ ivL‡eb †h KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖwZwU †¶‡Î
Avcbvi bZzb K‡i wek¦vm Rb¥v‡bvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †hgb, wk¶Y †KŠkj| †Kvb GKwU
†KŠk‡ji eënvwiK †hvM¨Zv e„w× †c‡j Zvi Dci Av¯’vI e„w× cvq| d‡j ‡KŠkjwU eënvi
K‡i wk¶K Zvi Kv‡Ri DrKl©Zv evwo‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì wbKU
AvKl©Yxqfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb d‡j wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ wk¶v_©x‡ì kª×v‡eva e„w×
cv‡e| Gfv‡e wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡b †ckvMZ gyj¨‡eva RvMÖZ/e„w× Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Dc‡ii aviYv wP‡Î wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z aviYv wjL‡Z Avcbvi wbR¯^ wek¦vm I
g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖKvk NUv‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi AvZ¥wek¦vm
e„w× cv‡e|
ce©- M: e¨w³i `„wófw½ I AvPiY Dbœq‡b wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve

†Kvb GKwU welq‡K gvbyl †h `„wó w`‡q †`‡L welqwU m¤^‡Ü †mwUB Zvi `„wófw½| e¨w³i
`k©b †_‡K Zvi `„wófw½ Rb¥ †bq|
e¨w³ hvi g~j¨ †`q Zvi eënvi ev Abykxjb Ki‡Z †c‡i †m mš‘ó nq| †m Kvi‡Y †`Lv
hvq gvby‡li g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dci Zvi AvPiY I Af¨vm M‡o I‡V Ges H wel‡qi Dci ‡m
BwZevPK g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i e‡jB †m welqwU eënvi K‡i ev Abykxjb K‡i|
wek¦vm g~j¨‡eva
`„wófw½ AvPiY
wb‡P PviwU `„k¨cU (wZbwU KvíwbK Ges GKwU mZ¨) eY©bv Kiv Av‡Q Ges cÖwZwUi Rb¨
 wek¦vm, g~j¨‡eva, `„wófw½ I AvPi‡Yi cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i Dci mywbw`©ó cÖkœ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wb‡R ev `jMZfv‡e wjLyb|
Awa‡ekb †k‡l wKQy m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
17
`„k¨cU- GK
7g †kÖYx‡Z GKRb welq wk¶K wk¶Y Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb| wZwb †kªwYi
wk¶v_x©‡ì †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM Ki‡jb| me©‡gvU mvZwU `j MwVZ nj| wZbwU `j
†g‡q‡ì I PviwU `j †Q‡j‡ì| cÖwZ `‡j 5 †_‡K 7 Rb wk¶v_©x web¨¯— nj| †g‡q‡ì
wZbwU `‡ji cÖwZwU‡ZB mvZ Rb K‡i web¨šÍ nIqvi ci AviI `yRb †g‡q Aewkó _vKj|
Ab¨w`‡K wk¶K †Q‡j‡ì `ywU `‡j 5Rb K‡i Ges evKx `ywU‡Z 6Rb K‡i ‡Q‡j wb‡q `j
MVb Ki‡jb| Aewkó †g‡q `ywU‡K wb‡q wZwb cÖ_‡g GKUz wPwšÍZ n‡jb| wKš‘ K‡qK
†m‡KÛ ci †g‡q‡ì wZbwU `j †_‡K wZbRb‡K Zz‡j wb‡q G‡m 5R‡bi mgš^‡q GKwU
c„_K `j MVb Ki‡jb| Gevi wZwb mš‘ó n‡jb Ges `‡ji g‡a¨ Kg© web¨vm Ki‡jb|
 `j MV‡b ‡kªYxi mKj wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki `„wófw½ †Kgb wQj?

 wk¶‡Ki GB AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ Kx wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva KvR K‡i‡Q D‡jøL Kiyb|
 Avcwb G‡¶‡Î wfbœ wKQy wK Ki‡Zb?
 Kx Ki‡Zb Ges †Kb?
`„k¨cU- `yB
GKRb wk¶K 8g †kªwYi K¬vm wb‡Z G‡m cÖ_‡gB †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡jb| †kªwY‡Z K‡qKRb
wk¶v_©x wQj hviv †gavevb e‡j cwiwPZ Ges me‡¶‡ÎB Zviv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZfv I
Kg©ZrciZvi wb`k©b iv‡L| GB wk¶v_©x KÕRb ci¯úi eÜz Ges Zviv wewfbœ mg‡q G‡K
Ac‡ii mv‡_ Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| Zviv †kªwYi GKw`‡K mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z e‡m wQj| wk¶K
GB wk¶v_©x‡ì mviv †kªwY‡Z wew¶ßfv‡e ewm‡q w`‡jb| A_©vr †kªwYi Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v_©x‡ì
gv‡S gv‡S ewm‡q w`‡jb| wk¶K †kªwYi †Q‡j I †g‡q‡ì cvkvcvwk emvi eë¯’v Ki‡jb|
 wk¶‡Ki G AvPiY wK cÖZ¨vwkZ? †Kb?

 †Kvb g~j¨‡eva Zv‡K Ggb AvPi‡Y AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q?
 †kªwY eë¯’vcbvq wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖwZ Zvi `„wófw½ †Kgb wQj?
18
`„k¨cU- wZb
6ô †kªwY‡Z weÁvb welqfy³ GKwU welqe¯‘ ÔkãÕ Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq GKRb wk¶v_©x
cÖkœ Kij
 m¨vi, e¯‘i K¤úb Kx?
wk¶K cÖ_‡g wei³ n‡q wk¶v_©xi w`‡K ZvKv‡jb Ges c‡i ej‡jb
 Avwg bv ej‡j ‡Kvb cÖkœ Ki‡e bv|
wk¶v_©xiv Zvi e³e¨ Pzc K‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Z jvMj| e³e¨ †kl n‡j wZwb GKwU
evwU I GKwU PvgP wb‡q kã ˆZwi K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì †`Lv‡jb| GwU †`Lvi ci ciB
K‡qKRb wk¶v_©x Zv‡ì cvk¦eZ©x wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kj‡gi mv‡_ Kjg evwR‡q kã ˆZwi
Ki‡Z ïiy Kij| wk¶K †`‡L LyeB wei³ n‡jb Ges †Rv‡i agK w`‡q Zv‡ì _vg‡Z
ej‡jb| wk¶v_©xiv †kªwYk„•Ljv bó Ki‡Q e‡j wk¶K Zv‡ì K‡qK †m‡KÛ eKvSKv
Ki‡jb| c‡i wZwb wk¶v_©x‡ì ej‡jb †h wZwb hv K‡ib Zv †hb Zviv kvš— n‡q †`‡L
Ges Gfv‡e GKwU kvšÍ cwi‡e‡k G‡Ki ci GK wk¶‡Yi wewfbœ avc †kl Ki‡jb|
 †kªwY wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wjLyb|

 †kªwY cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© wk¶‡Ki `„wófw½ wKiƒc?
 †Kvb cÖK…wZi wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dci Giƒc `„wófw½ M‡o D‡V‡Q?
ce©- N: wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wba©viY

wk¶Y Kvh©µ‡g Avcbvi wbR wek¦vm I `„wófw½i ¯’vb Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|
KviY †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K mevi Av‡M wPb‡Z nq| Av‡Z¥vcjwä Avcbv‡K
mywbw`©ó j‡¶¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcbvi e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I
g~j¨‡eva wba©viY Kiyb|
 wb‡Pi †kªwY wk¶Y m¤úwK©Z wee„wZmg~n co–b Ges Avcbvi gZvg‡Zi gvÎv wjLyb|
(GKgZ- 3, †gvUvgywU- 2, GKgZ bB- 1)
µwgK bs wee„wZ MyiyZ¡

1 †kªYxwk¶‡Y wk¶KB g~j PvwjKv kw³ Ges wk¶v_x©‡ì mv‡_
Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv Zvi `vwqZ¡|
2 cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x© wb‡RB wkL‡Z Pvq Ges Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †m
wb‡Ri B”Qvq I †Póvq wkL‡Z cv‡i|
19
µwgK bs wee„wZ MyiyZ¡

3 wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K I AwffveK‡K wbqwgZ ÔwdWe¨vKÕ
†Ìqv wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU `vwqZ¡|
4 wkL‡b DØy× Ki‡Z wk¶v_©xi Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq Ges
Zvi g‡a¨ †kLvi B”Qv RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z nq|
5 wk¶v_©xi cÖeYZv I Pvwn`vi †cÖw¶‡Z welqe¯‘i Dc¯’vcbv Zv‡K
wkL‡Z A‡bK †ewk Drmvnx K‡i|
6 mymse× I mywbw`©ó wkLb cwi‡ek †_‡K wk¶v_©x hv †k‡L
cieZ©x‡Z Zv Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g iß Ki‡Z AYycÖvwYZ nq|
7 wk¶v_©x mn‡RB wbR †hvM¨Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i hw` cÖ‡kœi
wjwLZ DËi †`qvi my‡hvM cvq|
8 wkLb cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi AvšÍwiK m¤ú„³Zv Zvi DËg wkL‡bi
Rb¨ Kvh©Kwi|
9 wk¶v_x©iv ZLbB djcªm~fv‡e †k‡L hLb Zviv AwfÁZv, Kíbv,
Z_¨ Ges cÖ‡qvM‡K mgwš^Z K‡i|
10 wk¶v_x©iv ZLbB DËgfv‡e †k‡L hLb wb‡Ri Kg©dj‡K A‡bï
Kg©d‡ji m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i|
11 GK wk¶v_x© Ab¨ wk¶v_©xi KvQ †_‡K wkL‡Z cv‡i|
12 cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x©B GKB Dcv‡q †k‡L|
13 we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q wk¶v_x©‡ì D”P wk¶vi Rb¨
cÖ¯‘Z Kiv|
14 †kLv‡bvi mgq wk¶K wb‡RI †k‡Lb|
15 wk¶‡Ki KvQ †_‡K DËg I AvšÍwiK wk¶Y wk¶v_x©i cÖvc¨|
16 wk¶v_x©i e¨_©Zvi A_© wk¶‡Ki e¨_©Zv|
17 †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶‡Ki ˆbwZK
KZ©e¨|
18 wk¶K‡K AbyKiY K‡i wk¶v_x©iv wkóvPvi †k‡L|
20
g~j wkLbxq welq
wk¶‡Y wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai msÁv I Zvrch©

wek¦vm gvby‡li g‡bi GKwU weg~Z© aviYv| Rb¥jMœ ‡_‡K gvbyl hv †`‡L, hv †kv‡b, hv †ev‡S
Ges hv †_‡K Zvi aviYv Rb¥ †bq Zv †_‡KB Zvi Av`k© M‡o I‡V| Av`k© Zv‡K wek¦vm
M‡o Zzj‡Z AbycªvwYZ K‡i| ˆ`bw›`b Kg©Rxe‡b gvbyl cÖvK„wZK wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi m‡½
cwiwPZ nq, Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i, myweav †fvM K‡i ev Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gme †_‡K †m H
Dcv`v‡bi Dci Av¯’v ivL‡Z cv‡i| Av¯’v wek¦v‡mi Rb¥ †`q| A_©vr e¨w³ hLb †Kvb wKQyi
Dci wbf©i K‡i, hv Zv‡K mnR Rxeb w`‡Z cv‡i, ev Zvi Avkv cÖZ¨vkv‡K ev¯—evwqZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i, ZLbB †mB e¯‘ ev aviYv ev Av`k© I †KŠk‡ji Dci Zvi wek¦vm Rb¥ †bq|
†m H Dcv`v‡bi Dci fimv K‡i ev wek¦vm iv‡L| Gfv‡e gvbyl †Kvb Av`k© ev wbqg ev
ixwZi Dci wek¦vmx n‡q I‡V| ZLb Hme wbqg bxwZ ev Kg©‡cÖiYvi Drm‡K Avgiv e¨w³i
wek¦vm ewj| wek¦vm †_‡K e¨w³i ˆbwZKZvi m„wó nq| gvbyl hw` Zvi K‡g© wb‡Ri wek¦v‡mi
cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z cv‡i, †m Drmvnx nq Ges hw` bv cv‡i, †m nZvk nq|
†hgb, g‡b Kiyb GKRb e¨w³ mZZvq wek¦vmx| wKš‘ wZwb mwZ¨ K_v ej‡jB wec‡`
c‡ob| Ggb hw` nq cwiw¯’wZ ZLb Zvi AvZ¥wek¦v‡m a‡i dvUj Ges w`‡b w`‡b wZwb
nZvk n‡q c‡ob| myZivs gvby‡li g‡a¨ wek¦vm ïayy M‡o Zzj‡jB n‡e bv, mgv‡R Zv
cÖwZdj‡bi my‡hvM _vKv PvB|
gvby‡li wek¦vmmg~n Zvi †gŠwjK mË¡vq Ae¯_vb K‡i| welqMy‡jv Avgiv gvby‡li g‡a¨
mvaviYZ Gfv‡e †`L‡Z cvB, †hgb- †gŠwjK aviYv, kÖ×v‡eva, AvPiY, M‡elYv ZË¡,
e¨w³Z¡ ZË¡, Kg© mnvqK M‡elYv, Abykxjb, eënvwiK Ávb, cix¶vjä Ávb hv gvbyl
wewfbœ AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g AR©b K‡i Ges mš‘ó nq|
wek¦v‡mi DrcwË nq e¨w³i gvbwmK msMVb †_‡K| †hgb, GKRb cÖwk¶Yv_x© we GW wWwMÖ
AR©b Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_x©‡ì Kj¨vbgyLx I m„Rbkxj wkL‡bi Rb¨ wk¶Y
cwiPvjbvq DØy× nb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb Zvi wPšÍv †PZbvq, Kv‡RK‡g© me©Î wk¶v_©xi
BwZevPK wkLb msµvšÍ hveZxq wek¦vm cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GLv‡b we GW wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi wewfbœ †¶‡Î wZwb hLb mwµq AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb welqe¯‘, wk¶vi
cwi‡ek, cvi¯úvwiK wg_wµqv BZ¨vw` mewKQyB Zvi gvbwmK msMV‡b ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| d‡j wk¶v_©xi Kj¨vbgyLx wk¶‡Yi cÖwZ wZwb ax‡i ax‡i gvbwmKfv‡e
cÖ¯‘Z n‡q‡Qb| KviY Zvi wek¦vm Gfv‡e M‡o D‡V‡Q|
myZivs †`Lv hvq e¨w³i wek¦vm Zvi Rxeb cwiPvjbvq I `„wófw½ MV‡b Mfxifv‡e cÖfve
we¯—vi K‡i| wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K †PZbv, bxwZ‡eva, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK,
21
HwZn¨MZ Ges †hŠw³K `„wófw½ RwoZ| GKRb wk¶‡Ki wek¦vm Zvi †ckvMZ Kv‡R Zv‡K
Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMvq| G Kvi‡Y BwZevPK wek¦vm I `„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjv wk¶‡Ki Rb¨
Acwinvh©, KviY G wek¦vmB Zvi †ckvMZ Rxe‡bi cv‡_q n‡q _v‡K|
wek¦v‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i ‡Kvb KvR Ki‡j †m Kv‡Ri Kg©g~j¨ eû¸Y e„w× cvq, KviY †m
Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³i e¨w³mË¡vi weKvk N‡U| d‡j e¨w³ †mLv‡b ¯^xK…wZ cvq| Kg©
cwiPvjbv n‡q I‡V ZLb Avb›``vqK, mnR I A_©c~Y©|
ZvB GKRb wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcwb Acbvi K‡g© wek¦vm cÖwZdwjZ Kiyb Ges Avb›` I mš‘ó
wP‡Ë Avcbvi Kv‡Ri DrKl© e„w× K‡i K‡g©v‡`¨vMx n‡q DVyb| Avcwb hv DrK„ó I DËg
g‡b Ki‡eb ZvB w`‡qB Avcbvi Kv‡Ri †¶Î iPbv Ki‡eb I Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡eb|
Gfv‡e Avcbvi g‡a¨ GKRb AvZ¥wek¦vmx I cÖZ¨qx e¨w³i weKvk n‡e| ZLb Avcbvi Øviv
†hgb myk„•Lj I DbœZ we`¨vjq cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv mnR n‡e †ZgbB DbœZ I `„p PvwiwÎK
êwkó¨m¤úbœ gvbyl Z_v RvwZ MVb m¤¢e|
g~j¨‡eva
wek¦v‡mi wfwËi Dci M‡o I‡V g~j¨‡ev‡ai KvVv‡gv| gvbyl Zvi wek¦v‡mi wfwË‡Z Rxeb
cwiPvjbv K‡i| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i wek¦v‡mi cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z n‡e g~j¨†eva‡K cÖ‡qvM
K‡i|
†hgb, GKRb e¨w³ gvbweKZvq wek¦vmx| wZwb RxeRM‡Zi cÖwZ me mgqB mnvbyf~wZkxj|
GLv‡b Zvi wek¦vm Zv‡K GB gvbweK AvPiY Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i‡Q, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb gvbweK
AvPiY‡K ¸iyZ¡ †`b ev g~j¨ †`b| GUvB Zvi g~j¨‡eva|
g~j¨‡eva e¨w³i kw³ ev ¶gZv hvi ¸‡Y †m wb‡Ri êwkó¨‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges hv
†m Pvq ZvB A‡bï g‡a¨ weKwkZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v‡¶‡Î g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk AZ¨šÍ
¸iyZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| welqe¯‘, wk¶‡Ki ¸Yvewj, wkLb cwi‡ek Gme Dcv`vb wk¶v_©xi
wek¦vm MV‡b cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| we`¨vj‡q †h wek¦vm †m AR©b Ki‡e Zvi Dci Zvi
g~j¨‡eva M‡o DV‡e| †h e¨w³ BwZevPK ev Kj¨vbKi MyYvewj‡K g~j¨ †`b wZwb wk¶K
nIhvi †hvM¨| KviY Zvi g~j¨‡eva I `k©b Øviv wZwb wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖfvevwš^Z Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
g~j¨‡eva RvZxq `k©b Ges wk¶v eë¯’vi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| GwU Rxeb‡K mwVKfv‡e
cwiPvwjZ Kivi bxwZgvjv ev mvwe©K Dbœq‡b mnvqK kw³| AvaywbK aviYv Abyhvqx
g~j¨‡eva n‡jv KZMy‡jv ˆRe gvbwmK msMV‡bi Ggb GK mgš^q hv cwi‡e‡ki e„nr
Ask‡K mwµqZvi w`K †_‡K mgMyYm¯úbœ K‡i †Zv‡j Ges e¨w³i g‡a¨ Dchy³ AvPiY
m„wó K‡i| G msÁvwU we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z gvby‡li
ˆRe gvbwmK cÖeYZv hv mvaviYagx© I mvgÄm¨c~Y© AvPiY m„wó K‡i Zv‡K g~j¨‡eva ejv
22
nq|
GKRb wk¶K ïay welqe¯‘ wk¶YB †`b bv, wZwb wk¶v_©x‡K g~j¨vqb K‡ib, †kªwY cwi‡ek
wbqš¿Y K‡ib, wk¶v_©xi †h ‡Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vq wb`©kbv †`b, GgbwK Zvi mv‡_ wk¶‡Ki
UvKv-cqmv †jb‡`bI Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZ‡¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki AvPiY wk¶v_©x‡K cªfvevwš^Z K‡i|
DbœZ I Av`k© e¨w³ Z_v RvwZ MVb wk¶vi j¶¨| myZivs G j¶¨ mvg‡b ‡i‡L GKRb
wk¶K wbR êwk‡ó¨ h_v_© g~j¨‡eva M‡o Zzj‡eb †hb mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vwkZ I mgMyYm¤úbœ
gvbyl ˆZwi Ki‡Z wZwb m¶g nb|
wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi Rb¨ wKQy cÖ‡qvRbxq g~j¨‡ev‡ai D`vniY wb‡P †`qv nj,
 wk¶K‡ì m¤§vb Kiv

 mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv Kiv
 cix¶vq bKj bv Kiv
 mZ¨‡K Rvbv I ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Zv Abykxjb Kiv
 m¦v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi wbqgbxwZ †g‡b Pjv
 Cl©v, †ilv‡iwl Ges we‡Ølc~Y© AvPiY bv Kiv BZ¨vw`|
DbœZ I my¯’ mgvReë¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z e¨w³i g‡a¨ Gme ¸Yv¸Y mvaviYfv‡e cÖZ¨vkv Kiv
nq| mK‡ji g‡a¨ mgvbfv‡e GB ¸Y¸‡jv _vK‡j gvbyl G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ BwZevPK
Kj¨vbgyLx AvPiYMy‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvc‡b Af¨¯Í n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡i|
1996 mv‡j cªewZ©Z cÖwZ‡e`‡b RvZxq wk¶vµg cÖYqb KwgwU g~j¨‡eva wk¶vi cÖwZ MyiyZ¡
cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| †mLv‡b wk¶vi RvZxq Rxe‡b ˆbwZK, gvbweK, agx©q, mvs¯‹…wZK I mvgvwRK
g~j¨‡eva cÖwZôv Z_v g~j¨‡eva wk¶v‡K RvZxq wk¶vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g wk¶v_x©‡ì mvaviYagx© AvPiYMy‡jv
hLb mgv‡R BwZevPK f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e ZLbB wk¶‡Y g~j¨‡eva m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡j aiv
hv‡e| wk¶vwe`‡ì g‡Z Dchy³ wk¶Y-wkLb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ Kgc‡¶
mvZ ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva weKwkZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
 A_©‰bwZK g~j¨‡eva: we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_x©‡ì e„wËg~jK Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó K‡i Ges
e„wËg~jK I Avw_©K Kg©KvÛ I †jb‡`b cwiPvjbvq mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g G
ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 kvixwiK I we‡bv`bg~jK g~j¨‡eva: m¦v¯_¨ i¶v, kixiPP©v, msMxZ, bvUK BZ¨vw` wel‡q
h_vh_ wk¶Y I Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Gme w`‡K wk¶v_©xi BwZevPK `„wófw½ M‡o
Zzj‡Z n‡e| d‡j DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨ I my¯’ we‡bv`‡bi cÖwZ Zv‡ì gh©v`v‡eva M‡o DV‡e|
23
 mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva: †kÖYwk¶‡Y AskMªnYg~jK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨

cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv, mngwg©Zv, eÜzfvevcbœ g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv hvq|
 ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva: Avcwb †kªwYwk¶‡Y wewfbœ AskMÖnYg~jK Kv‡R wk¶v_x©‡ì
m¦vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z †`‡eb| wb‡Ri wbqš¿‡Y KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q †m AvZ¥m‡PZb n‡e
Ges Gfv‡e Zvi g‡a¨ ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m„wó n‡e|
 bv›`wbK g~j¨‡eva: wk¶vµ‡g mvwnZ¨, msMxZ, b„Z¨, wPÎKjv BZ¨vw` welq Aš—fz©³
K‡i Ges Gme m„Rbkxj Kv‡R Drmvn w`‡q wk¶v_©xi my¯’ I ¯^fvweK gb M‡o †Zvjv
hvq| my›ì gbb PP©v bv›`wbK g~j¨‡eva m„wó K‡i|
 †eŠw×K g~j¨‡eva: wk¶K hLb Dchy³ wk¶Y †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib wk¶v_©x welqe¯‘
†_‡K m‡Zï AbymÜvb Ki‡Z ‡k‡L, d‡j Zvi eyw×i weKvk N‡U| DbœZ eyw×, AvaywbK
Ávb, mZ¨ I weÁv‡bi cÖwZ †m kª×vkxj n‡q I‡V|
 mvs¯‹…wZK g~j¨‡eva: RvZxq ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡nï cÖwZ kª×vkxj g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjvi
Rb¨ †jvKmvwnZ¨, b„Z¨, Kjv, †`kxq K…wó, Lv`¨, †cvkvK, wek¦vm BZ¨vw` mewKQyi
cÖwZdjb wk¶vµ‡g _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †mB mv‡_ wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcbvi g‡bvfve
Gm‡ei cÖwZ gh©v`vc~Y© nIqv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
wk¶‡Ki AvPiY I cÖeYZvi wek¦vm Ges g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve

AvPiY I cÖeYZvq wek¦v‡mi cÖfve:
 we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_x©‡ì cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve|
 wk¶‡Ki AvPiY wbqš¿Y Kivi †KŠkj Abykxjb|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì cÖwZ Avš—wiK mnvbyf~wZkxjZv|
 eÜymyjf AvPiY |
 fq ‡`Lv‡bv I kvw¯Í †`qv †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
 †kÖYxK‡¶ mKj wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ mgvb `„wó ivLv|
 GKwU my¯’ I myi¶vg~jK GKxf‚Z I wkLbevÜe cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv|
AvPiY I cÖeYZvq g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve:

 †hŠbwk¶vmsµvš— wel‡q m‡PZbZvi Rb¨ wk¶v_x©i AwffveK Ges Rb‡Mvôxi
mnvqZvi Rb¨ g‡bvfve BwZevPK nIqv|
 m¦v¶iZv wèm, AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ek wèm cvjb Ges AwffveK‡ì m‡PZbZv e„w×i
j‡¶¨ wk¶v_x©‡ì GMy‡jvi Zvrch© Zz‡j aivi gvbwmKZv _vKv|
 we`¨vjq wk¶Y Kv‡R AwffveK I Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZwbwa‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve
_vKv|
 `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi cÖ¯‘wZi BwZevPK g‡bvfve _vKv|
24
KwgDwbwU MV‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶‡Y wek¦v‡mi cÖ‡qvM:

 wk¶K AwffveK mym¤úK© ¯’vcb|
 wk¶µ‡gi AšÍf©z³ g~j¨‡eva weKv‡k wk¶v_x©‡ì mnvqZv Kiv|
 m¦v¯’¨ wk¶v m‡PZbZv e„w×|
 cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v MÖnY|
 we`¨vjq wk¶Y wkLb cÖwµqvi Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
 wk¶v_x© S‡i cov †iva BZ¨vw`|
wk¶Y-wkLb cÖwµqvq wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vmmg~n:

 wbR †ckv ev K‡g©i cÖwZ Av¯’vevb nIqv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì AwffveK I wk¶v_x©‡ì wbKU Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv wk¶KM‡Yi `vwqZ¡|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì †kLvi Rb¨ Ges wkL‡bi A_© m…wó Kivi B”Qv wk¶‡Ki `vqe×Zv|
 wkL‡bi Rb¨ wk¶K, wk¶v_x©-AwffveK wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM I djveZ©b cÖ‡qvRb|
 †kLvi Rb¨ wk¶v_x©‡ì AvMÖn I †cÖlYv m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì wbR wbR wkLb aib I cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wói gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i
wkL‡bi Dbœqb NUv‡bv hvq|
 wk¶v_x©iv ZLbB djcÖm~fv‡e †k‡L hLb Zviv AwfÁZv, Kíbv, Z_¨ Ges cÖ‡qvM‡K
mgwš^Z K‡i|
 wk¶v_x©iv G‡K A‡bï wbKU †_‡K Ges cvi¯úwiK wg_w¯‹ªqvi gva¨‡g †k‡L|
 wk¶Y cÖwµqvq wk¶v_x©iv †hgb ‡k‡L †Zgwb wk¶K wb‡RI †k‡Lb|
 wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi Dbœqb wk¶‡Ki ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡|
 AskMªnYg~jK wk¶Y c×wZ wk¶v_x©i Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ cwieZ©‡bi mnvqK f~wgKv
iv‡L|
wk¶Y-wkLb msµvš— Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva:

wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg mswkøó wewfbœ wek¦vm †_‡K wk¶‡Ki gv‡S wKQz g~j¨‡eva M‡o I‡V|
†hgb-
 wbqwgZfv‡e wewfbœ †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍKmn AvaywbK wk¶v msµvšÍ Rvb©vj Aa¨qb Kiv|
 wbqwgZfv‡e cÖwZdjb Wv‡qwi †jLv I AvZ¥g~j¨vqb Kiv|
 †kÖwY‡Z wkLb-†kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi c~‡e© cÖ¯ZzwZ ‡bqv|
 wkÿv_x©‡ì‡K cvi¯úwiK gZwewbgq Kivi my‡hvM †Ìqv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ MyiyZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv Ges wkL‡b mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve _vKv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì Kv‡Ri m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv Ges cÖksmv Kiv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì cÖwZ eÜzmyjf AvPiY Ges BwZevPK g‡bvfve _vKv|
25
 iywPm¤§Z †cvkvK-AvkvK, gvwR©Z, AvPiY, kvjxbZv‡eva I PwiÎ wk¶v_x©‡ì wbKU

Av`k© ev g‡Wj nIqv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì h_vh_fv‡e g~j¨vhvPvBmn wbi‡c¶Zv eRvq ivLv|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì Kj¨v‡Y m`v mZ¨ K_v ejv|
 wb‡Ri Ges Ac‡ii m¦v‡¯’ï m‡PZbZvi cÖwZ `„wó ivLv|
 we`¨vj‡qi cÖkvm‡bi cÖwZ AbyMZ _vKv Ges cÖkvm‡bi mKj Kv‡R BwZevPK f‚wgKv
ivLv|
g~j¨vqb
 1| †kªwYwk¶‡Y wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq g~j¨‡eva ˆZwi Kivi K‡qKwU Dcvq wjLyb|
m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z: Avcwb wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v‡eva RvMÖZ
Ki‡Z Pvb| Zvn‡j Avcbvi cvV Dc¯’vcb c×wZ wk¶v_©x KZ…©K MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
A_©vr Avcbvi kã Pqb, evPbfw½, Pjv‡div mewKQy wk¶v_©xi g‡b GK kª×v‡ev‡ai
Rb¥ †`‡e|
2| e¨w³¯^vaxbZv gvbyl‡K AvZ¥wek¦vmx K‡i †Zv‡j- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z: Avcwb †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡K †Kvb `jMZ KvR Ki‡Z w`‡j
†m mgq Zv‡K gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv w`‡Z n‡e| Aek¨B j¶¨ ivL‡eb †hb
wk¶v_©xi D”PvwiZ fvlv gvwR©Z nq, Zvi AvPiY MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi ch©v‡q _v‡K| fvjfv‡e
M‡o IVv; ¯^Zù~Z© wk¶v_©x wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Avcbvi cÖwZ kª×vkxj n‡e|
3| wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Avcbvi welq †_‡K
welqe¯‘ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb Kiyb|
Avcwb wb‡R Kivi †Póv Kiyb|
4| Avcbvi †kªwY‡Z ‡Kvb wk¶v_©xi AbvKvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶K wn‡m‡e KLbI Kx
wb‡R‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib? †Kb? Kxfv‡e?
Gi DËi Avcwb GKwU `„k¨ eY©bvi gva¨‡g w`b|
m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z

ce©- K
wb‡RB ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e|
ce©- L
wek¦vm: mZZv, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK k„•Ljv‡eva BZ¨vw`|
g~j¨‡eva: gvbweK ¸Yvejx †hgb- wec`MÖ¯’ e¨w³‡K mva¨ Abyhvqx mvnvh¨ Kiv, wb‡Ri
ga¨Kvi †`k‡cÖg wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ mÂvj‡bi eë¯’v Kiv, cwi”Qbœ Ávb AR©b Kiv BZ¨vw`|
26
ce©- M
`„k¨cU - GK
Lye m¤¢eZ wZwb †RÛvi wgkª `j MV‡b mvnmx wQ‡jb bv ZvB †RÛviwfwËK wZbwU ‡g‡q‡ì
`j Ges PviwU †Q‡j‡ì `j MVb Ki‡jb| Z‡e wZwb mgmsL¨K m`m¨ mnKv‡i `j MÖn‡Y
AvMÖnx wQ‡jb|
Avcwb nqZev wb‡Ri we`¨vjq Ges mvgvwRK cwi‡ek AvaywbK g‡bvfvevcbœ n‡j
wgkª‡RÛvi `j MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
`„k¨cU- `yB
wk¶K `yBwU KvR Ki‡jb:
 †gavex wk¶v_©x‡ì Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mv‡_ emv‡jb hv‡Z K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j GKRb K‡i
†gavex I Kg©Zrci wk¶v_©x _v‡K|
 wgkª ‡RÛviwfwËK `j MVb Kivi gZ we`¨vjqwfwËK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek wQj weavq
wk¶K Giƒc `j MVb Kivi `„pZv †`Lv‡jb| cÖgvwYZ nq wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖwZ Zvi
`„wófw½ mRvM I AvaywbK wQj|
`„k¨cU- wZb
wk¶K ‡h KvR¸‡jv K‡i‡Qb Zv wbgœiƒc:
 wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯^Z:ù~Z© AskMÖn‡Y evav w`‡q‡Qb|
 DcKiY cÖ`k©‡bi myôz †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡ib bvB|
 wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖwZ eÜzmyjf AvPiY cÖ`k©‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|
myZivs wk¶‡Ki mwVK f~wgKv cvj‡b wZwb cy‡ivcywi e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|
27
gva¨wgK wk¶vµ‡gi bxwZ I j¶¨
f~wgKv
G BDwb‡Ui cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b †kªwYwk¶‡Y wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva MVb Ges Kxfv‡e e¨w³i
AvPi‡Y Zv cÖwZdwjZ Kiv hvq- G m¤ú‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvR‡Ki wkï
AvMvgx w`‡bi bvMwiK- G ¯^cœ mvg‡b †i‡L ‡Kvb †`‡ki wk¶vbxwZ I wk¶vi j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv
nq| AvMvgx w`‡b wk¶v_©x‡K mgv‡R cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †Kvb g~j¨‡eva, AvPiY I `„wófw½
Kvh©Kix n‡e †m w`‡K ¸iyZ¡ w`‡q gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wcÖq
wk¶v_©x G Awa‡ek‡b Avcwb gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vbxwZ I j‡¶ï mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡eb Ges
wk¶v_©xi gbb weKv‡k G j¶¨ Kx cÖwµqvq Ges Kx f~wgKv ivL‡e ‡m m¤ú‡K© mywe¯Z…Z
aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb ‡k‡l Avcwb-
 gva¨wgK wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi cwigvwR©Z j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n cix¶Y Ges we‡kølY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 gva¨wgK wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n Kxfv‡e wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶K‡ì cÖeYZv I AvPiYaviv wbqš¿Y Kivi ‡KŠkjmg~n D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨

mgMÖ wk¶v eë¯’vi g‡a¨ gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x I wk¶vi cÖwZ me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iyZ¡ ‡`qv
nq| Gi KviY Kx?
wb‡Pi †Kvb e³e¨¸‡jv‡K mwVK g‡b K‡ib? †m¸‡jvi cv‡k¦© wUK () wPý w`b|
 G ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©xiv AvMvgx w`‡bi bvMwiK|

 eqtmwÜKv‡ji êwkó¨ Øviv Giv cÖfvevwš^Z|
 G ¯Í‡ii ciciB RxebgyLx wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
28
 AwaKvskB D”Pwk¶v MÖnY †_‡K weiZ _v‡K|

 †gav weKv‡ki Rb¨ G‡ì eqm me‡P‡q Dchy³|
 G mgq wk¶v_©xi gvbwmK weKvk N‡U|
 G ¯—‡ii wk¶v wk¶v_©x‡K wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 G mgq wk¶v_©xiv g‡bv‡hvMx I cwikªgx n‡Z cv‡i|
Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ e³e¨mg~n c„_Kfv‡e wjLyb| g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q K‡qKevi co–b Ges j¶¨
K‡i †`Lyb e³e¨¸‡jv †_‡K gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v I wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖv_wgK aviYv
MVb Kiv m¤¢e wKbv|
Zvn‡j G ¯Í‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ Kx nIqv DwPr wjL‡Z cvi‡eb? Avcbvi aviYv Abyhvqx
 K‡qKwU m¤¢ve¨ j¶¨ Avcbvi LvZvq wjLyb|
Gevi g~j wkLbxq welq As‡k gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†m¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co–b|
wk¶v_©x, Avcbvi wjwLZ j¶¨ Ges gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY KwgwU
KZ…©K cÖYxZ j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡kï g‡a¨ Zzjbv K‡i Luy‡R wbb Avcbvi aviYv KZUv mwVK|
ce©- L: gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n

cix¶Y I we‡kølY
wcÖq wk¶v_©x, g~j wkLbxq welq As‡k †mwmc-GbwmwUwe (SESIP-NCTB) KZ…K
© cÖ¯ÍvweZ
 2003 mv‡ji gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨vewj mshy³ Av‡Q| Avcwb G Ask Lye
fvj K‡i co–b Ges wb‡P cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b|
1| wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ e¯‘-wbi‡c¶ Ges eënvwiK †¶‡Î wewfbœ cUf~wg‡Z AbymÜvbg~jK

†KŠkj I êÁvwbK c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi `¶Zv AR©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
2| e¨w³i Ava¨vwZ¥K g~j¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai m¤úK© we‡kølY
Kiyb|
3| †hvMv‡hvMg~jK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Ávb I `¶Zvmg~n wjLyb|
4| we`¨vjq wk¶v_©xi mvgvwRK I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wKiƒc f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
5| e¨w³K D‡Ïk¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? G D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b wk¶K wnmv‡e Avcbvi f~wgKv
wjLyb|
29
ce©- M: D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kvh©vewj‡Z wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I

g~j¨‡eva cÖfvweZ Kivi Dcvq
Avcwb gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| GKRb wk¶K
wnmv‡e Avcbvi mywbw`©ó wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva Av‡Q| GLb †kªwYwk¶‡Y wk¶vi j¶¨ I
D‡Ïk¨mg~n AR©b ev¯Íevq‡b Avcbvi wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva cÖfvevwš^Z Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Dcvq
wba©viY Kiyb|
†hgb, †kªwYwk¶‡Y DcKiY eënvi Kivi mgq wk¶v_©x Zvi Bw›`ªq eënv‡ii my‡hvM cvq|
d‡j welqe¯‘i ev¯Íe iƒ‡ci mv‡_ Zvi cwiPq N‡U| Gi gva¨‡g Zvi welq m¤§‡Ü ¯^vfvweK
eyw×i weKvk nq| Gfv‡e wk¶v_©x wk¶vi eyw×e„wË m¤§Üxq D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
GLv‡b wk¶v_©xi AwR©Z wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva Kx n‡Z cv‡i? Aek¨B hv †m †`L‡Q, hv Zv‡K
aviYv MVb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q Ges Zvi Áv‡bi Z…òv †gUv‡”Q| †m¸‡jv Kx? welqe¯‘
m¤§wK©Z Z_¨ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvmw½K cwi‡ek|
Zvn‡j GLv‡b Avcbvi †Kvb wek¦vm cÖfvevwš^Z n‡q‡Q? ev¯—eag©x wk¶vq Avcwb wek¦vmx,
ZvB †kªwYwk¶‡Y DcKiY eënvi K‡ib| DcKiY‡K Avcwb g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb|
Dc‡i DwjøwLZ D`vniY Abymi‡Y cuvPwU Dcv‡qi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb Ges Kxfv‡e
 Zv cÖfvevwš^Z Ki‡e wjLyb|
ce©- N: wk¶‡Ki cÖeYZv I AvPiYaviv wbqš¿Y Kivi Dcvq

†kªwYwk¶‡Y D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avcbvi wek¦vm I cÖeYZv cÖfvevwš^Z Kivi Dcvq
wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| Gme Dcvq ev †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Avcbvi BPQv, AvMÖn, cÖeYZv,
AvPiY I Kg© †Kgb nIqv cÖ‡qvRb? Avmyb G wel‡q wb‡Pi wee„wZ¸‡jvi Dci Avcbvi
gZvgZ cÖ‡qvM Kiyb|
30
wb‡Pi wee„wZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ w`b|


cÖwZwU wee„wZi cv‡k b¤î cÖ`vb Kiyb| (†Rvi mg_©b Kwi- 1, mg_©b Kiv hvq- 2, mg_©b
Kwi bv- 3, †gv‡UB mg_©b Kwi bv- 4)|
µwgK wee„wZ mg_©b

bs
1 cvV`v‡bi c~‡e© welqe¯‘i Dci c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ I cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv|
2 mKj wk¶v_©x‡K mgvb `„wó‡Z †`Lv|
3 `jxq I †Rvovq KvR †kÖwY cvV`v‡b Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z

mnvqK bq|
4 wk¶v_x©‡ì me mgq †h †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Drmvn I Kv‡Ri

m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv|
5 wk¶v_x©‡ì AwfÁZv †R‡b †kªwY‡Z wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg

cwiPvjbv Kiv|
6 wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b we`¨vjq KZ©„c¶ KZ…©K D‡`¨vM †bIqv|
7 †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_x©‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨

AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ I ‡KŠk‡ji eënvi|
8 wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_x©‡ì wPwýZ K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bvi

we‡kl †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
9 mKj wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj AvPiY Kiv|
10 wk¶‡Ki Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ Ávb I aviYvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ mswk ó

cy¯—Kvw` Aa¨qb Kiv|
11 wk¶‡Ki wb‡R‡K GKRb Awf‡bZv wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv|
31
g~j wkLbxq welq
K. gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP cwigvR©b I bevqb KwgwU

(1995) KZ©„K cwigvwR©Z wk¶µ‡gi Av‡jv‡K wk¶vi mvwe©K
j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
wk¶v_x©‡ì me©v½xb weKvk I Dbœqb mvabB n‡”Q wk¶vi g~j j¶¨| GB j‡¶¨ †cŠuQv‡bvi
Rb¨ gva¨wgK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e:
- wk¶v_x©i g‡b me©kw³gvb Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi cÖwZ AUj Av¯’v I wek¦vm M‡o †Zvjv,
†hb GB wek¦vm Zvi mgMÖ wPšÍv I K‡g© Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
- me©kw³gvb Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi cÖwZ c~Y© Av¯’v I wek¦v‡mi wfwË‡Z wk¶v_x©i Aš—‡i
Ava¨vwZ¥K, mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva RvwM‡q †Zvjv|
- wk¶v_x©i g‡b agx©q, AvwZ¥K, mvs¯‹…wZK I mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva m„wói gva¨‡g gvbweK
MyYvewji weKvk mvab A_©vr mr, PwiÎevb, †`k‡cÖwgK, `vwqZ¡kxj I KZ©e¨civqY
Av`k© gvbyl ˆZwi Kiv|
- e¨w³i mnRvZ ¶gZv I MyYvewji m„Rbkxj weKv‡ki gva¨‡g Zvi ˆ`wnK, gvbwmK,
ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqbmvab|
- wk¶v_x©‡K Zvi wbR †gav I cÖeYZv Abyhvqx weKwkZ nIqvi my‡hvM †Ìqv Ges Zvi
m„RbkxjZv‡K jvjb Kiv|
- wk¶v‡K cÖ‡qvMgyLx K‡i †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb I AMÖMwZi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq

`¶, m„Rbkxj I Drcv`b¶g Rbkw³ ‰Zwi Kiv|
- wk¶v‡K RxebgyLx Ges Kg©gyLx Kivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i g‡b kÖ‡gi cÖwZ gh©v`v‡eva
m„wó Kiv|
- wk¶v_x©‡K Zvi †gav I cÖeYZv Abymv‡i RxweKv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zv
I `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
- †gŠwjK wPšÍvi m¦vaxb cÖKv‡k wk¶v_x©‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv Ges mgv‡R gy³ wPšÍv Ges
RxebgyLx, e¯‘wbô I BwZevPK `„wófw½i weKvk NUv‡bv|
32
L. gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨vewj (2003 mv‡ji †mwmc-GbwmwUwe

KZ…©K cÖ¯ÍvweZ)
welq A_ev D‡Ïk¨vewj
†¶Îmg~n
1 c~e©eZx© wk¶vi¯Íg~‡n AwR©Z Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva
mymsMVb I †mMy‡jvi m¤úÖmviY|
2 wk¶v_x©‡ì†K Zv‡ì †`k I RvwZ (Gi BwZnvm, f‚LÛ, ms¯‹…wZ,
msweavb) m¤ú‡K© eywbqvw` Ávb `vb, †hb Zviv mwVKfv‡e Gi
AMÖMwZ I AR©b g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3 Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvM (Application of knowledge), we‡kølY
(Analysis) ms‡kølY (Synthesis), †hŠw³K µg-web¨vm
(Logical Sequencing) I mgm¨v mgvav‡bi (Problem
Solving) gva¨‡g D”PZi Ávb AR©‡bi mvg_¨© e„w× Kiv|
4 wk¶v_x©‡ì MwYZ, evsjv I Bs‡iwR fvlvi cÖavb `¶ZvMy‡jv AR©‡b
eyw×e„wË mnvqZv Kiv|
m¤^Üxq 5 wk¶v_x©‡ì e¯Í-wbi‡c¶ (weg~Z©) Ges eënvwiK Dfq †¶‡Î
(Intellectual) wewfbœ cUf‚wg‡Z AbymÜvbg~jK †KŠkj I êÁvwbK c×wZ
cÖ‡qv‡Mi mvg_©¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv, hv‡Z Zv‡ì mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi `¶Zv e„w× cvq Ges Zviv gvbe-m„ó cwi‡ek I cÖhyw³
Ges gvbyl, cÖK…wZ I mgv‡Ri ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©
fv‡jvfv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6 wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i MyiyZ¡ Abyaveb Ges
m¤¢ve¨ †¶‡Î GB cÖhyw³i cÖv‡qvwMK `¶Zv AR©‡bi mnvqZv Kiv|
7 wk¶v_x©‡ì ¸Yv¸Y wePvig~jK mv¶iZvi `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv
Kiv †hb Zviv Z‡_ï Dr‡mi h_vh_©Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡i|
8 `xN©‡gqv`x Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ w¯’wZkxj Rxeb eë¯’vi MyiyZ¡ Ges G
j¶¨ AR©‡b e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri f‚wgKv eyS‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
ˆbwZK Ges 1 me©kw³gvb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv/mªóvi cªwZ AwePj Av¯_v I wek¦vm
Ava¨vwZ¥K Ges AK…wÎg AbyivM e„w×‡Z mnvqZv Kiv hv wk¶v_x©i mKj Kg© I
wPš—vi †cÖiYvi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges Zvi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK,
ˆbwZK, agx©q, Ava¨vwZ¥K I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva weKv‡k mnvqZv
K‡i|
33
2 wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ mZZv, b¨vq‡eva, KZ©e¨‡eva, k„•Ljv‡eva,

cwi”QbœZv, e¨w³MZ Revew`wnZv, mnbkxjZv Ges Ac‡ii cÖwZ
kÖ×v‡eva BZ¨vw` MyYvewji weKvk mvab|
3 RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq wea„Z bvMwiK AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó|
†hvMv‡hvM- 1 D”PZi wk¶vMÖnY A_ev Kg©‡¶‡Î cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ¯‘wZ wn‡m‡e RvZxq
g~jK fvlv evsjvq (†jLv I ejvi) cvi`wk©Zv AR©b|
2 D”PZi wk¶vi cÖ¯‘wZ wn‡m‡e Ges Kg©‡¶‡Î cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi
mv‡_ m½wZ i¶vi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR fvlvq eënvwiK `¶Zv AR©‡b
mnvqZv Kiv|
3 wk¶v_x©iv †hb Ab¨vb¨ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g, †hgb †jLwPÎ, mviYx,
cÖZxKx, bKkv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM ¯_vc‡bi Ges GMy‡jv
‡evSvi mvg_©¨ AR©b K‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
4 wk¶v_x©‡ì†K AvZ¥wek¦vmx, m„wókxj Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
cÖhyw³i mdj eënviKvix n‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
1 Pviy I KviyKjv, msMxZ Ges mvwnZ¨ wel‡q, we‡kl K‡i
bv›`wbK evsjv‡`‡ki mg„× bv›`wbK ixwZ I mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZbZv m„wó|
2 PviyKjv, KviyKjv, msMxZ I mvwnZ¨, bv›`wbK mvg_©¨ I `¶Zvi
weKvk mvab|
mvgvwRK I 1 evsjv‡`kx bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi Ges Zrmswkøó `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
mn‡hvwMZv- m‡PZbZv m„wó|
g~jK 2 wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ `vq‡eva Ges Ggb `¶Zv I MyYvewji
D‡b¥l NUv‡bv hv Zv‡ì‡K mykxj mgv‡Ri GKwU c~Yv©½ I
`vwqZ¡kxj f‚wgKv cvj‡b m¶g K‡i Zzj‡e|
3 MYZ‡š¿i g~jbxwZ h_v: mnbkxjZv, cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv,
AvšÍR©vwZK åvZ…Z¡‡eva Ges bi-bvix, ag©, RvwZ I †MvÎ‡f‡`
êlg¨ †cvlY bv Kiv Ges GMy‡jvi cÖwZ m¦xK…wZ †Rvi`vi Kiv|
4 A_©‰bwZK, RbmsL¨v I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k †h
mKj cÖwZK‚jZvi m¤§yLxb †m mKj wel‡q m‡PZbZv e„w× Ges
G¸‡jv DËi‡Y fwel¨Z bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì f‚wgKvi MyiyZ¡
Dcjwä Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
5 cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM Ges Gi
Dci gvby‡li wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ûi cÖfve eyS‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
6 e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai ¯_‡j mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡ai AMÖMwZ mva‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq MYZvwš¿K wPšÍv I `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó
34
Kiv|
7 RvwZmsN Ges mvK© Gi gZ AvšÍR©vwZK I AvÂwjK †Mvôxi KvR
m¤ú‡K© Ávb jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv Ges G mKj cÖwZôv‡b evsjv‡`k
miKvi I RbM‡Yi f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó|
e¨w³K 1 wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ mZZv, `vq‡eva, mwnòzZv, b¨vqwePvi,
k„•Ljv‡eva, wkóvPvi, evsjv‡`k wb‡q Me©‡eva Ges Ac‡ii cÖwZ
kÖ×vi g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` evwÂZ MyYvewj weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
2 m¦-wkLb I Ae¨vnZ wk¶vi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi AvKv•Lv DÏxß
Kiv|
3 Rxebe¨vcx wk¶vi mvg_©¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Aa¨qb-`¶Zv
I `„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjv|
4 D™¢vebxg~jK cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g m„RbkxjZv, Aaëmvq,
g‡bvej, AbymwÜrmy `„wófw½, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mvg_©¨ Ges
D`¨‡gi gZ BwZevPK ¸Yvewj AR©‡b DrmvwnZ Kiv, hv Zv‡ì
D”P wk¶v MÖnY ev Kg©Rxe‡b cª‡ekKv‡j m¤ú` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
n‡e|
5 wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K SuywK eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K©, we‡kl K‡i wkí KviLvbvq
wbivcËv, moKc‡_ wbivcËv Ges Rbm¦v¯_¨ m¤^Üxq wbivcËv
weav‡bi `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
kvixwiK 1 m¦v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡b DØy× Kiv: cywó, e¨w³ I Rbm¦v¯’¨, cÖRbb
m¦v¯’¨ (HIV/AIDs cÖwZ‡ivamn), gv`K `ªe¨ MÖnY I a~gcv‡bi
cÖwZKvi m¤^Üxq wk¶v|
2 we`¨vj‡q cwiKwíZ kixiPP©v I †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©‡ì
g‡bv‡ckxR `¶Zv, ˆ`wnK m¦v¯’¨ Ges wµovˆkjxi avivevwnK
Dbœqb|
M. gva¨wgK wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨

gva¨wgK wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡kï g‡a¨ wk¶v_x©i †gavi c~Y©weKvk mvab, Kg©RM‡Z
AskMÖnY Z_v †`‡ki Rbkw³‡K Rbm¤ú‡` cwiYZKiY, D”P wk¶vi cÖ¯‘ZKiY Ges
c~e©Ávb m¤úÖmviY I mymsnZKi‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wk¶vi †h mKj mvaviY
j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡kï Drm, we‡eP¨ w`K, †¶Î I MyYvewj D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †mMy‡jv wbgœiƒc:
e¨w³ I RvZxq Rxe‡b ˆbwZK, gvbwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK, mvgvwRK I agx©q g~j¨‡eva m„wói Rb¨
wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ DÏxcbv m„wó, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvmn †`‡ki m¦vaxbZv, mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I
ALÛZv i¶vi cÖwZ m‡PZbZvi D‡b¥l NUv‡bv, wk¶v‡K cÖ‡qvMgyLx I Drcv`b mnvqK Kiv,
wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ êÁvwbK `„wófw½ I †bZ…‡Z¡i MyYvewji weKvk, AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb Dc‡hvMx
wk¶vµg, wek¦åvZ…Z¡‡eva I gvbevwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva M‡o †Zvjv, MYZvwš¿K
†PZbv‡ev‡ai weKvk, †`‡ki Rb‡Mvôx‡K wbi¶iZv gy³ Kiv, bvix cyiy‡li êlg¨ `~i Kiv,
35
cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv Ges wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq mdj AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨
D”Pgvbm¤úbœ gvbem¤ú` M‡o †Zvjv|
gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vi j¶¨

evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨Z bvMwiKMY †hb my¯’, Drcv`bkxj I cwic~Y© Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i
G Rb¨ Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½i weKvk mvab Kiv, hv‡Z Zviv-
 Zv‡ì mygnvb DËivwaKvi, mg„× mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎ¨ Ges agx©q mnbkxjZvi HwZn¨
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nq|
 AbymwÜrmy gb Ges †hŠw³K wPšÍvkw³i AwaKvix nq hv Zv‡ì D”Pwk¶v I Kg©‡¶‡Î
mdj cÖ‡e‡ki wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|
 wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg evRv‡ii bem„ó Pvwn`vi cÖwZ BwZevPK mvov cÖ`v‡bi
Dc‡hvMx cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶ A_©vr m¦v¶iZv, MvwYwZK Ávb, Z_¨ I ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³,
Bs‡iwR gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` m¶gZv AR©‡b mg_© nq|
 evwÂZ e¨w³K ¸Yvewji AwaKvix nq hv mZ¨-wg_¨v wePvi‡eva, bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi I
`vwqZ¡, my¯’ RxebvPiY I cwi‡ek, e¨w³MZ `vq‡ev‡ai m‡PZbZv BZ¨vw` w¯’wZkxj
Rxeb hvcb MyYvewji AR©b K‡i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡b mg_© nq|
 wkíKjv, bvUK, b„Z¨ Ges msMx‡Zi gg© Dcjwä I G me wel‡qi wKQz ev¯Íe AwfÁZv
AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q bv›`wbK m‡PZbZvi AwaKvix nq|
D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kvh©vewj‡Z wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi
Dcvqmg~n:
1. wk¶K‡K wbqwgZ I ch©vß cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g welqmswkøó Ávb e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvmn ¯^vaxbZv, mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I ALÛZv i¶vi cÖwZ e¨w³ †PZbvi
D‡b¥l NUv‡Z n‡e|
3. wk¶v‡K cÖ‡qvMgyLx I Drcv`b mnvqK Kivi Rb¨ wk¶vµ‡gi AšÍf©y³ welqe¯‘‡K
cÖv‡qvwMK I AskMÖnYg~jK †KŠk‡j †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K mwµq AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ‡Z KvR Kivi Rb¨ Abykxjb Kiv‡Z n‡e|
5. wk¶v_x©‡ì cvwicvwk¦©KZv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi Rb¨ †kªwYwk¶‡Y gvbyl, cÖK…wZ,
mgvR, cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe aviYv ‡`qvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv‡ì ev¯—e AwfÁZv eënvi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. wk¶v_x©‡ì †`k I RvwZi BwZnvm, f‚-LÛ, ms¯‹…wZ, msweavb m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡fi
Rb¨ MYgva¨g eënv‡i DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. †kªwYK‡¶ MYgva¨g eënvi c×wZ †kLv‡Z n‡e|
36
8. fvlvMZ `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡ì Abykxj‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. mªóvi cÖwZ AwePj Av¯’v I wek¦vm Ges AK…wÎg AbyivM e„w×i j‡¶¨ RxebwfwËK
`k©b, g~j¨‡eva I wek¦v‡mi Kvh©Kix f~wgKv we‡k- lY I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ RvwZmsN †NvwlZ bvMwiK AwaKvi I Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRb†ev‡a †mm‡ei Abykxjb
Kiv‡Z n‡e|
11. wk¶v_x©‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vmx I m„Rbkxj K‡i Zzj‡Z Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i
eënv‡ii cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve M‡o Zzj‡Z wk¶K wb‡R Abykxjb Ki‡eb|
12. †kªwYK‡¶ AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ I †KŠkj eënvi K‡i wk¶v_x©‡ì mwµq ivL‡Z
n‡e|
13. AvaywbK cvV`vb c×wZ I Kjv‡KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I †kÖwYK‡¶ Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e|
14. cvV`vb GKwU gvbwmK cÖwµqv, G Rb¨ wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb m¤ú‡K© wk¶K‡K AMva
Ávb jvf Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †kÖwYK‡¶ Zv cÖ‡qvM I Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
wk¶K‡ì cÖeYZv I AvPiYaviv wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq:

1. welqe¯‘i Dci h_vh_ c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ I cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i cvV`vb Kiv|
2. wk¶v_x©‡ì AwfÁZvMy‡jv †ei Kiv Ges †kÖwYK‡¶ h_vh_fv‡e Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡bv|
3. wk¶v_x©‡ì KvR m¤ú‡K© me mgq Drmvng~jK gšÍe¨ Kiv, Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri m¦xK…wZ
cÖ`vb Kiv Ges Zv‡ì cyi¯‹…Z Kiv|
4. wk¶v_x©‡ì mgvb `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K †`Lv|
5. †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_x©‡ì mgfv‡e mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †KŠkj eënvi
Kiv|
6. wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_x©‡ì evQvBc~e©K Zv‡ì cÖwZ we‡kl `„wó †Ìqv|
7. `jxq I †Rvovq †Rvovq Kv‡R wk¶v_x©‡ì DØy× Kiv|
8. wk¶v_x©‡ì mv‡_ mnvbyf‚wZkxj AvPiY Kiv|
9. wk¶K‡K RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK welqvw` mswkøó Ávb I aviYvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÎ-
cwÎKv I eB cov|
10. mnKgx©‡ì mv‡_ mym¤úK© eRvq †i‡L AwfÁZv I gZvgZ wewbgq Kiv|
11. †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b wbR †_‡K D‡`¨vM †bIqv|
12. wk¶K wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K Role Model wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv|
37
13. welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mswkøó DcKiY mn‡hv‡M †kÖwYK‡¶ welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Kiv|
14. wk¶v_©xcÖxwZ, welqcÖxwZ I wbR †ckvcÖxwZ GKRb wk¶‡Ki AvPvi, AvPiY I
cÖeYZv‡K eûjvs‡k wbqš¿Y K‡i|
g~j¨vqb

1| Avcwb Kx g‡b K‡ib eZ©gv‡b gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨vewj
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I AvaywbK wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva MV‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó Dchy³?- Avcbvi
gZvg‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ w`b|
g~j wkLbxq welq As‡k †`Lyb D‡Ïk¨vejx mvZwU wfbœ †¶Î Abyhvqx Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q,
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co–b|
2| gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡kï Av‡jv‡K wk¶v_©xi AvPiY MV‡bi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶
cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ wKQy †KŠkj-Gi cÖZ¨vwkZ AvPiY D‡jøL Kiyb|
38
wk¶K †hvM¨Zv
f~wgKv
†kªwYwkL‡b wkLb D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x welqe¯‘, †kªwYcwi‡ek, DcKiY BZ¨vw`
eûwKQyi Dci wbf©i K‡i, KviY G¸‡jv meB wkLb mnvqK Dcv`vb| Avevi AvaywbK wkLb
cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©x mwµq cÖ‡Póvq †k‡L| wcÖq wk¶v_©x, †f‡e‡Qb Kx GLv‡b wk¶‡Ki Ae¯’vb
†Kv_vq? j¶¨ Kiyb wkLb mnvqK Dcv`v‡bi meKwUB wk¶K Zvi wk¶Y Kv‡R eënvi
K‡ib| A_©vr wk¶v_©xi wkLb D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K ïay Z_¨ mieivn K‡ib bv,
wewfbœ e¯‘MZ mnvqZvI †`b| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq wk¶v_©x‡K †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ †h Dcv`vbB
eënvi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Zv wk¶‡Ki cÖ‡Póv, †KŠkj, `¶Zv, cÖeYZv, B”Qv, iywP, AvMÖn
BZ¨vwì cÖ‡qvM Qvov KLbI m¤¢e bv| myZivs wk¶‡Ki Gme ¸Yvewj Ges êwkó¨
wk¶v_©xi wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ cªavb I Ab¨Zg mnvqK wnmv‡e we‡eP¨| Avmyb Avgiv G
Awa‡ek‡b wk¶‡Ki ¸Yvewj, †hvM¨Zv BZ¨vw` wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
D‡Ïk¨
GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K Avcwb-
 gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡ì wk¶vMZ I †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi msÁv Ges g~j Dcv`vbmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b ‡gŠwjK †hvM¨Zvmg~n Dbœq‡bi †KŠkj kbv³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Av`k© gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv I †hvM¨Zvi Kvh©Ki eënvi
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡ì wk¶vMZ I †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zv

†hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb? G cÖkœwUi Dci Avmyb Avgiv `k wgwb‡Ui GKwU KvR Kwi|
wb‡P †h g‡WjwU †`qv Av‡Q Zvi Pvi cv‡k †hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi hv g‡b nq wjLyb|
39
†hvM¨Zv
Gevi Avcbv‡K ejv n‡jv, GKRb wk¶K wnmv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wjLyb|
Avcbvi †hvM¨Zv Kx wjL‡eb?
†kªwYK‡¶ Avcwb †h KvR¸‡jv K‡ib †m¸‡jv GKevi fveyb| †hgb,

 welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ †`qv
 Z_¨ we‡kølY Kiv
 wewfbœ †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv
 wk¶v_©x‡K g‡bv‡hvMx Kiv BZ¨vw`| Gme KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi †Kvb
MyYvewj ev êwk‡óï cÖ‡qvRb nq? Avcbvi fvlv, AvšÍwiK eënvi,
mnvbyf~wZkxj gb BZ¨vw`|
wcÖq wk¶v_©x, †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶Y D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb Avcbvi †hme
 ¸Yv¸Y cÖ‡qvM K‡ib †m¸‡jvB Avcbvi †hvM¨Zv| myZivs Gfv‡eB g‡W‡ji Pvicv‡k
Avcbvi †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wj‡L †djyb|
ce©- L: wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi aviYv Ges Gi g~j Dcv`vb

Gevi GKUz ¯§„wZPviY Kiyb| Avcwb ¯‹zj I K‡j‡R cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Qb| Ggb wK
a wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡KI wWwMÖ wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib| G ch©š— A‡bK wk¶‡Ki mnPv‡h©
G‡m‡Qb| eû wk¶‡Ki ¸Yv¸Y Avcbv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Rxe‡b
`yPviRb wk¶K _v‡Kb hvi fveg~wZ© wZwb mviv Rxeb ¯§iY K‡ib| Ges cÖvqB †`Lv hvq
GKRb wk¶K Zvi †Kvb GKRb wk¶‡Ki Av`k©‡K m¤ú` K‡i wk¶KZv †ckv MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| myZivs Avcwb wbðqB Ggb wk¶‡Ki mÜvb †c‡q‡Qb|
Gevi Zvi ¸Yv¸‡Yi K_v ¯§iY Kiyb, hv Avcwb wKQy g‡b †i‡L‡Qb, wKQy AbymiY Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb, A_©vr hv Avcbvi ‡ckvMZ Rxeb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| Avcbvi wcÖq wk¶‡Ki
¸Yv¸Y ev êwkó¨mg~n wjLyb|
40
G ZvwjKvwU Avcwb wUD‡Uvwiqvj †mk‡b mncvwV‡ì mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK gZ wewbgq K‡i

Av`k© wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU DËg êwk‡óï ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡eb|
ce©- M: wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg ev¯—evq‡b †hvM¨Zvi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb

†¶Î e¨vL¨v
c~‡e©i c‡e© wk¶‡Ki †h †hvM¨Zvmg~‡ni ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb, †mLvb †_‡K Avcwb
a Avcbvi Rb¨ A_©vr Avcbvi †ckvMZ mvd‡jï Rb¨ Dbœqb Ki‡Z Pvb Ggb cuvPwU †hvM¨Zv
wbe©vPb Kiyb| Gevi Kxfv‡e Gme †hvM¨Zv Avcwb Avcbvi g‡a¨ weKvk NUv‡eb cÖwZwUi
Rb¨ Ggb cuvPwU K‡i Dcvq ev †KŠkj wjLyb|
†hgb, wk¶v_©x‡K g‡bv‡hvMx Ki‡Z cviv - GKwU †hvM¨Zv| G †hvM¨ZvwUi Dbœqb Kxfv‡e
Kiv hvq?
†m Rb¨-
 wk¶v_©xi Pvwn`v Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z n‡e|

 Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Zv‡K wkL‡b mwµq ivL‡Z n‡e|
 Avš—wiK eënv‡i `¶ n‡Z n‡e|
 fvlvi eënv‡i †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶v_©xi BwZevPK w`K¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei K‡i Zvi cÖksmv Ki‡Z n‡e|
wk¶v_©x, D‡jøwLZ †hvM¨Zv Qvov Ab¨ †h †Kvb cuvPwU †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi Dcvqmg~n wjLyb|

ce©- N: evsjv‡`‡k Av`k© gva¨wgK wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv we‡k- lY
wb‡P evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii Rb¨ Av`k© wk¶‡Ki wKQy †hvM¨Zv †`qv nj| G¸‡jvi
 aviYvMZ we‡kølY Kiyb|
1| wbR wel‡qi me©‡kl AMÖMwZ I weKvkgvb aviYvi mgš^‡q wb‡R‡K nvjbvMv` (Up-to-
date) Kiv|
2| mn-wk¶vi cUf‚wg‡Z †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡ì mKj wkLb Kvh©vewj‡Z mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ
Kiv|
3| wk¶vµ‡gi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK Ávb I wbweo aviYv bgbxqfv‡e †kÖYxK‡¶ eënvi
Ki‡Z m¶g nIqv|
4| cÖkvmwbK I wk¶Y msµvšÍ Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `„p I cwic° gvbwmKZv|
5| wk¶K ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvß ¯’vb, NUbv ev Kvh©µg wPwýZKi‡Y m„Rbkxj n‡eb hv cwi`k©b
41
ev eënvi K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi welqe¯‘ ev aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
42
g~j wkLbxq welq

†emiKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K wb‡qvM, †hvM¨Zv, AwfÁZv I
†eZb †¯‹j|
(c~‡e© GgwcIfz³ wk¶K‡ì †¶‡Î G weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ bq)
c‡ì bvg wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv AwfÁZv †eZb †¯‹j gšÍe¨
1| (K) cÖavb mivmwi/c‡`vbœwZ mnKvix cÖavb
wk¶K 1| mœvZKmn weGW| wk¶K wn‡m‡e
wk¶v Rxe‡b GKwU Z…Zxq Kgc‡¶ 3
wefvM Qvov mKj cix¶vq eQ‡ii
b~¨bZg wØZxq AwfÁZvmn
wefvM/†kÖwY| wk¶KZvq
wbiwew”Qbœfv‡e
we`¨vj‡q 15
eQ‡ii
wk¶KZvi
AwfÁZv
2| mnKvix mœvZKmn weGW| wk¶v we`¨vj‡q 12
cÖavb wk¶K Rxe‡b GKwU Z„Zxq wefvM eQ‡ii
Qvov mKj cix¶vq wk¶KZvi
b~¨bZg wØZxq AwfÁZv|
wefvM/†kÖwY|
3| mnKvix mivmwi
wk¶K 1| mœvZKmn weGW|
wk¶v Rxe‡b GKwU Z…Zxq
wefvM Qvov mKj cix¶vq
b~¨bZg wØZxq
wefvM/†kÖwY| mswkøó welq
mœvZK ch©vq ch©šÍ cvV¨
_vK‡Z n‡e|
4| mnKvix 1| weÁvb wefv‡M
wk¶K (MwYZ I mœvZKmn weGW| A_ev,
mvavib weÁvb) (2) weÁvb wefv‡M
mœvZK| wk¶v Rxe‡b
GKwU Z…Zxq wefvM Qvov
mKj cix¶vq b~¨bZg
wØZxq wefvM/†kÖwY|
43
5| mnKvix 1| weÁvb
wk¶K wefv‡MmœvZKmn weGW|
(weÁvb) A_ev, (2) weÁvb wefv‡M
(†Kej mœvZK| wk¶v Rxe‡b
weÁvb wefvM GKwU Z…Zxq wefvM Qvov
Pvjy _vK‡j) mKj cix¶vq b~¨bZg
6| mnKvix wb‡Pi †h†Kvb GKwU wWwMÖ
wk¶K _vwK‡Z n‡e: (1)
(K…wl) we.Gm.wm (K…wl) (2)
we.Gm.wm (K…wl A_©bxwZ)
(3) we.Gm.wm (grm¨)
(4) we.Gm.wm (cïcvjb)
(5) we.Gm.wm (K…wl
cÖ‡KŠkjx) (6) wW wf Gg
(7) we.Gm.wm (ev‡qvjRx)
(8) we.Gm.wm Dw™¢`
we`¨v/cÖvwYwe`¨v/g„wËKv
weÁvb (9) K…wl wW‡c- vgv
3 eQi †gqvw`| wk¶v
Rxe‡b GKwU Z…Zxq wefvM
Qvov mKj cix¶vq
b~¨bZg wØZxq wefvM/†kÖwY
7| mnKvix 1| Kvwgj (2) dvwRj weGW
wk¶K (3) Ab¨ †Kvb a‡g©i Kiv
(ag©) †¶‡Î mswkøó agx©q welqm _vK‡j
mœvZK wWwMÖ| wk¶v Rxe‡b weGW
GKwU Z…Zxq wefvM Qvov wenxb
mKj cix¶vq b~¨bZg
8| mnKvix 1| mœvZKmn we.wc.GW.|
wk¶K A_ev, (2) Rywbqi
(kixiPP©v) wW‡cøvgv/wdwRK¨vj
GWz‡Kkb cÖwk¶YcÖvß|
b~¨bZg wØZxq
wefvM/†kÖwY|
44
9| mnKvix mœvZK wWwMÖ| bUªvgm ev

wk¶K miKvi KZ…©K wba©vwiZ
cÖwZôvb ‡_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i
(Kw¤úDUvi) cÖwk¶YcÖvß n‡Z n‡e|
b~¨bZg wØZxq
wefvM/†kÖwY|
evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii Av`k© wk¶K †hvM¨Zv

†gŠwjK †hvM¨Zv mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv
†ckvMZ `„wófw½ 1 mKj wk¶v_x© I mnKgx©i mv‡_ m¤úK© n‡e eÜzfvevcbœ,
I g‡bvfve AvšÍwiK, mnbkxj Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK|
2 cÖkvmwbK I wk¶Y msµvšÍ Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `„p I cwic°
gvbwmKZv|
3 mKj wk¶v_x©i Ávb AR©‡b Aby‡cÖiYv cÖ`vb I Zv‡ì wkLb
Kvh©µ‡g mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZkÖywZe×|
4 cÖwZ K¬v‡mi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖ¯‘wZ I msMwVZ nIqv|
5 †kÖwYK‡¶ AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx I GKvMÖ nIqv Ges AvPiY I e³e¨
Dc¯_vc‡b D”PZi ¯§viK (ideal) cÖ`k©b|
6 wk¶v_x©‡ì ÁvbvR©b Ges wbRm¦ wk¶Y `¶Zvi wbqwgZ Dbœqb
cÖwZdj‡b D`vi I Drmvnx nIqv|
7 wbR wel‡qi me©‡kl AMÖMwZ I weKvkgvb aviYvi mgš^‡q
wb‡R‡K nvjbvMv` (Up-to-date) Kiv|
gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii 8 cÖvZ¨wnK I ¯‹zj Rxe‡b gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_x©‡ì †h
wK‡kvi mKj mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq †m m¤ú©‡K Rvbv|
wk¶v_x©‡ì 9 we`¨vj‡q I †kÖwYK‡¶ m‡ev©”P msL¨K wk¶v_x©i mv‡_ mwnòzZvi
mvwe©K weKvk wfwË‡Z †hvMv‡hvM ¯_vcb|
m¤úwK©Z Ávb, 10 gva¨wgK wk¶vµ‡gi wk‡ivbv‡g wK‡kvi wk¶v_x©‡ì m¦v_© m„wó I
mvgvwRK, msi¶Y Kiv|
mvs¯‹…wZK Ges 11 wk¶v_x©‡ì wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ wPšÍv Ki‡Z, wbRm¦ aviYv AKc‡U
A_©‰bwZK cÖfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡ì m¦wkLb `¶Zv e„w×‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv|
hv Zv‡ì Rxeb 12 mn-wk¶vi cUf‚wg‡Z †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡ì mKj wkLb Kvh©vewj‡Z
I †PZbvq mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv|
wµqvkxj Ges 13 eo K¬vm cwiPvjbvq wbR Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvM I wk¶v_x©‡ì Ávb,
Zv‡ì `„wófw½ I `¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b Zv‡ì †cÖlYv m„wó Kiv|
†kÖwYK‡¶i 14 cvV`vb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Ávbm¤úbœ Ges AskMÖnYg~jK
45
AvPi‡Y G‡ì cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Kiv hv‡Z wk¶v_x©‡ì we`¨gvb Ávb

f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© AšÍf©y³ _v‡K Ges wkLb‡K A_©en Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_x©‡ì
Rvbv| cÖPwjZ aviYv I Zv‡ì cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbv mswkøóZv wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbvq Avbv|
15 wk¶v_x©‡ì AmsMwZc~Y© AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i cwiKíbv gvwdK
†kÖYxi Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv I wk¶v_x©‡ì †kÖwY‡Z ivLvi
Dc‡hvMx wewfbœgyLx mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv I Kjv‡KŠk‡ji eënvi
hv wk¶v_x©‡ì †kªwY Kvh©µg AskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ I mg_©
Ki‡e|
wk¶K‡K 16 wkÿK‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, QvÎ/QvÎxiv GKB mv‡_ m¤ú` I
mnRjf¨ †fŠZ I wk¶v_x© Ges Zv‡K †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g cvi¯úwiK gZvgZ Av`vb
eÜzMZ wk¶Y cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_x©‡ì e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv, aviYv I mvg_©¨
wkLb DcKiY eënv‡ii ch©vß †KŠkj I Dcvq eënv‡i mg„× n‡Z n‡e|
cwic~iK wn‡m‡e 17 wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g eëüZe¨ cÖvK…wZK I m¦í-g~‡jï
eënv‡ii †¶‡Î DcKiY wPwýZ I ˆZwi Ges cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b eëüZ DcKiY
mg„×kvjx I GKv‡R eënv‡i D‡`¨vMx (Proactive) n‡eb|
m„Rbkxj n‡Z 18 wk¶K ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvße¨ ¯’vb, NUbv ev Kvh©µg wPwýZ Ki‡Y
n‡e| m„Rbkxj n‡eb hv cwi`k©b ev eënvi K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi
welqe¯‘ ev aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
wk¶v_x©‡ì 19 wk¶vµ‡gi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK Ávb I wbweo aviYv
†evaMg¨Zv, Ávb bgbxqfv‡e †kÖwYK‡¶ eënvi Ki‡Z m¶g nIqv|
I `¶Zv AR©‡bi 20 AwaK msL¨K wk¶v_x© I ïaygvÎ †gŠwjK DcKiY wewkó
mnvqK †kªwY †kÖwYK‡¶ wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj Ges wk¶v DcKiY
Kvh©µ‡gi eënv‡ii gva¨‡g my¯úófv‡e Ges `¶Zvi mv‡_ wk¶v_x©‡ì
cwiKíbv, cÖ¯‘wZ mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z m¶g nIqv|
I msMV‡b `¶ 21 m¦íg~j¨ A_ev webvg~‡j¨ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z DcKiY eënv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q
n‡Z n‡e| AskMÖnYg~jK Kvh©vewj cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘‡Zi Ávb I `¶Zv _vKv
hv wk¶v_x©‡ì D”P¯Í‡ii wkLb `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e|
22 wk¶K n‡eb bgbxq wk¶Y c×wZ eënv‡i m¶g †hLv‡b wk¶K
wbqwgZfv‡e wk¶v_x©‡ì †Rvovq I `jwfwËK wk¶Y-wkLb
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡i Zv‡ì wkL‡bi †¶‡Î mnvq‡Ki f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
23 wk¶K wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e D”P¯—ii wkLb
DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z nq Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb Ges D›gy³ wk¶Y-wkLb
Kvh©vewj Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g wbqwgZfv‡e wk¶K-wk¶vv_x©
wg_w¯‹ªqvi eë¯_v Kivq `¶ I cÖwZkÖywZe× n‡eb|
24 welq mswkøó wk¶v weÁv‡bi welqe¯‘i AMÖMwZ m¤^‡Ü
mnKgx©‡ì mv‡_ mwµqfv‡e gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb|
46
wk¶v_x©‡ì wkLb 25 †h wel‡q wk¶K cvV`vb Ki‡eb Zvi g~j aviYvMy‡jv m¤ú‡K©
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY wk¶v_x©iv Kx aviYv †cvlY K‡i Zv †evSvi `¶Zv I †KŠkj
Ges AwR©Z Ávb Zvi _vK‡e Ges wk¶v_x©i wkLb Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨
hvPvB Ki‡Y cvV`v‡bi Kg©cªwµqvi mv‡_ ¯‹zjwfwËK gyj¨vqb (SBA)
wk¶K‡K n‡Z Kvh©µ‡gi ms‡hvM NUv‡eb|
n‡e h‡_ó Ávb I 26 wk¶vµ‡gi AvIZvfz³ †h mKj welq I aviYv wk¶v_x©i wbKU
`¶Zvi RwUj e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq, †m mKj cÖZ¨vwkZ wkLbdj AR©‡bi
AwaKvix| Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kjv †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© wk¶‡Ki mg¨K Ávb
_vKv|
27 AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK MVbg~jK g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ c×wZi
eënvi m¤ú©‡K wk¶‡Ki `¶Zv (¯‹zjwfwËK g~j¨vqbmn) Ges
wk¶vµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b wk¶v_x©i AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
nIqv I AewnZ Kivi D³ c×wZmg~‡ni eënvi|
28 wk¶v_x©i AMÖMwZ (Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I D”P¯Í‡ii wPšÍb
`¶Zv) hvPvB Ges cÖvwšÍK g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Afx¶v I
cix¶vi cÖkœcÎ (¯‹zjwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi †cÖw¶Zmn) cÖYq‡bi
`¶Zv _vKv|
29 wk¶v_x©i AwR©Z AMªMwZi bw_cÎ cÖ¯‘Z, msi¶Y I e¨vL¨v K‡i
`¶Zvi mv‡_ `vßwiK djvdj cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Zv h_v¯_v‡b
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †cÖi‡Yi `¶Zv _vKv|
wbR wk¶Y 30 wk¶v_x© wb‡Ri AMÖMwZi cwiKíbv I hvPvB Kv‡R `vwqZ¡kxj
Kvh©µg n‡Z Zv‡ì cwiPvjbv Kivq `¶ nIqv|
ch©v‡jvPbvi 31 cªwk¶Yv_x©i cÖwZwbqZ AMÖMwZi gyj¨vqbKvjxb cÖvß Z_¨vewji
g~j¨vqb Z_¨mg~n Av‡jv‡K cvV cwiKíbv I BDwbU cwiKíbv ms‡kvabc~e©K
I Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi wkLb Kvh©µg cwieZ©b I cwiea©‡bi gva¨‡g cvV`vb djcÖm~
djveZ©b ‡KŠkj Kivi `¶Zv _vKv|
eënv‡i `¶ 32 ¯úó †evaMg¨Zv, Áv‡bi cÖmvi Ges wk¶Y `¶Zv I `„wófw½i
n‡e| Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cwi`k©b I mZx_© cÖ`Ë djveZ©b Ges e¨w³MZ
AbymÜvbx djvd‡ji cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv|
wk¶K †hvM¨Zv
evsjv‡`‡ki †emiKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vjhmg~‡ni wk¶K‡ì wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv Ges †ckvMZ
†hvM¨Zvi weeiY Kg©cÎ- 1 G wjwce× Kiv Av‡Q|
GB Awa‡ek‡b wk¶K †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z wk¶K‡ì wk¶vi MyYMZ gvb Ges wk¶v_x©‡ì Ávb,
`¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©b Kivi djcÖm~ Kvh©Ki cvV`v‡bi †hvM¨Zv‡K eySvq|
47
 †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

†hvM¨Zv n‡jv †Kv‡bv e¨w³i Ggb êwkó¨ hvi wfwË‡Z †m Zvi Kg©‡¶‡Î
djcÖm~fv‡e D‡j- L‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wk¶K †hvM¨Zv Kx?
†ckvMZ Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq welqÁvb, `¶Zv I BwZevPK `„wófw½i mgš^q NwU‡q
Gi mvnv‡h¨ Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m¶g nb Ges cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi
welqÁvb, `¶Zv: `„wófw½ Ges wk¶v`vb †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZv iv‡Lb ZLbB
Zv‡K ‡hvM¨ wk¶K e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
A_©vr GKRb wk¶K‡K Kxfv‡e wk¶v_x©‡ì Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½i weKvkmvab Ki‡Z
n‡e †m m¤úwK©Z Kjv‡KŠkj Rvbv Ges cÖ‡qv‡Mi Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wk¶‡Ki
†ckvMZ Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡bi ci wZwb Zvi wk¶v_x©‡ì Kvh©Kifv‡e wkL‡b
AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡eb| ZLbB wZwb GKRb †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wk¶K wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf
Ki‡eb|
 wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi g~j Dcv`vb|
wb‡P m¤¢ve¨ wk¶Y-wkL‡b wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi g~j Dcv`vb ev †¶Î cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
1. wk¶‡Ki welqe¯‘ Ávb;
2. cvV Dc¯’vc‡b cwiKíbv cÖYqb;
3. cvV Dc¯’vcb;
4. wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ g‡bvfve;
5. wk¶v DcKiY ‰Zwi I eënvi;
6. eënvwiK I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eënvi;
7. g~j¨vqb;
8. avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb|
 †hvM¨Zvi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v

(†¶Î Abymv‡i mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv)
1| wk¶‡Ki welqe¯‘ Ávb

- welqe¯‘i Ávb Dcjwä I `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Rvbv
- welqe¯‘i j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv
- M‡elYvg~jK Ávb Abykxjb Kiv
- RvZxq wk¶vbxwZi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv
- weÁvbm¤§Z cvV`v‡bi Kjv‡KŠkj Rvbv
- wel‡qi me©‡kl AMÖMwZ nvjbvMv` Kiv
- welqe¯‘ web¨¯ÍKiY|
48
49
2| cvV Dc¯_vc‡b cwiKíbv cÖYqb:

- cvV wbe©vPb
- cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ wbi~cY
- †Wv‡gBb Abyhvqx D‡Ïk¨mg~n †kÖYxKiY
- wkLb c×wZ wbe©vPb
- wkL‡b mnvqK mvgwMÖ wbe©vPb
- wk¶v DcKiY wbe©vPb
- g~j¨vqb †KŠkj wbe©vPb|
3| cvV Dc¯’vcb:
- cv‡Vi m~ÎcvZ I g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv
- KÚm¦i
- evPbfw½
- c×wZi eënvi
- aviYv I bxwZ e¨vL¨v Kiv
- cÖkœ Kiv Ges DËi Av`vq
- wk¶v_x©i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv
- PK‡evW© eënvi
- wb‡`©wkZ KvR †Ìqv Ges hvPvB Kiv
- †kÖYx k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv
- cvV mgvß Kiv|
4| wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ g‡bvfve

- wk¶v_x©‡ì cÖwZ eÜzfvevcbœ, Avš—wiK I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPiY Kiv
- cv‡Vi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó Kiv
- welqe¯‘i cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv
- MYZvwš¿K g‡bvfve †cvlY Kiv
- bZyb wk¶Y aviv MÖnY Kivi gvbwmKZv
- mZx_© KZ©©„K djveZ©b
- m¦-g~j¨vqb|
5| wk¶v DcKiY ˆZwi I eënvi

- cvV mswkøó wk¶v DcKiY wbe©vPb
- wk¶v DcKiY eënvi
- DcKiY msMÖn I msi¶Y Kiv
- DcKiY ˆZwi I msi¶Y
- m¦íg~‡j¨ DcKiY ˆZwi Ges eënvi wbwðZ Kiv|
50
6| eënvwiK I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eënvi

- weÁvbvMvi cwiPvjbv I eë¯’vcbv
- ‰eÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ eënvi I msi¶Y
- weÁvbvMv‡ii wbivcËv I mZ©KZv
- AvaywbK cÖhyw³ I wk¶v cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii `¶Zv|
7| g~j¨vqb
- MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv Kiv
- wewfbœ ai‡bi Afx¶v ˆZwi Kiv
- †Wv‡gBb Abymv‡i cÖkœ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv
- KvVv‡gve× cÖkœ ˆZwii `¶Zv
- SBA m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges cÖ‡qvM Kiv
- djvdj ˆZwi Ges msi¶Y Kiv
- djvdj eënvi K‡i wk¶v_x©i Dbœq‡b civgk© w`‡Z cviv|
8| avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb

- wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb Wv‡qix‡Z †iKW© Kiv
- mnKgx©‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
- AvZ¥g~j¨vqb
- bZzb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cwieZ©bmg~n AšÍfz©³ Kiv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Av`k© gva¨wgK wk¶K †hvM¨Zv

†gŠwjK †hvM¨Zv:
- †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve
- gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wK‡kvi wk¶v_x©‡ì mvwe©K weKvk m¤úwK©Z Ávb, mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK Ges A_©‰bwZK cÖfve hv Zv‡ì Rxeb I †PZbvq wµqvkxj Ges Zv‡ì
`„wófw½ I †kÖwYK‡¶i AvPi‡Y G‡ì f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
- wk¶K‡K mnRjf¨ †fŠZ I e¯‘MZ wk¶Y-wkLb DcKiY cwic~iK wn‡m‡e
eënv‡ii †¶‡Î mg„×kvjx I m„Rbkxj n‡Z n‡e|
- wk¶v_x©i †evaMg¨Zv, Ávb I `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqK †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡gi cwiKíbv,
cÖ¯‘wZ I msMV‡b `¶ n‡Z n‡e|
- wk¶v_x©‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v wbi~cY Ges AwR©Z Ávb hvPvBKi‡Y wk¶K‡K n‡Z n‡e
h‡_ó Ávb I `¶Zvi AwaKvix|
- wbR wk¶v Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbvi g~j¨vqb Z_¨mg~n I Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi djveZ©b
†KŠkj eënv‡i `¶ n‡e|
51
g~j¨vqb
 1. wk¶v_©xi gvbweKZv I mvgvwRK weKv‡k wk¶‡Ki †Kvb †hvM¨Zv cÖ‡qvRb? Kxfv‡e G
†hvM¨Zv wk¶v_©xi weKv‡k Kvh©Ki nq e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z
gvbyl mgvRe× Rxe| mgv‡R _vK‡Z n‡j mg‡qvc‡hvMx mgv‡Ri wbqgKvbyb †g‡b
Pj‡Z n‡e mKj m`m¨‡K| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ hy³ivóª ev hy³iv‡Rï
mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ n‡Z wfbœ| wk¶v_©xi g‡a¨ mgvRKZ…©K MÖnY‡hvM¨ eënv‡ii
cÖwZdjb †`Lv‡Z n‡j wk¶‡Ki AvPiY, K_vevZ©v meB Av`k©¯’vbxq n‡Z n‡e|
2. mdj wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨ZvB Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi mÜvb †`q - e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
wk¶‡Ki cvV`vb c×wZ/†KŠkj, evPbfw½, ü`¨Zv, wk¶v_©xi g‡b Zvi cÖwZ

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ˆZwi GKw`‡b G¸‡jv ˆZwi nq bv| GKv‡WwgK el© ïiy nIqvi ci wk¶K
†`‡Lb wk¶v_©xe„›` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i Zvi K_v †kv‡b ZLb wk¶K eyS‡Z cv‡ib Zvi
†ckvMZ `vwq‡Z¡ wZwb mdj n‡”Qb| wk¶v_©x‡ì AvPi‡Y hLb wZwb Gi cÖwZdjb
†`L‡Z cvb wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib Zvi c×wZ/†KŠkj mwVK ZLb wZwb µgvMZ DrKl©Zvi
K_v fve‡Z _v‡Kb| Gfv‡eB mdjZv AwaKZi Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖn‡Y wk¶K‡K DØy×
K‡i|
52
†ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve
f~wgKv
c~‡e©i Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv wba©viY I †mme †hvM¨Zv Dbœqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Z‡e †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ PvB B”Qv| A_©vr wk¶K wnmv‡e Avcwb DbœZ
I Kvh©Kix `¶Zvmg~n AR©b I AvqZ¡ Ki‡Z Pvb wKbv Zv mevi Av‡M we‡ePbvi welq| GB
Awa‡ek‡b wk¶‡Ki †ckv, DbœZ Kg© †hvM¨Zv Gm‡ei cÖwZ Zvi AvMÖn, g‡bvfve I `„wófw½
BZ¨vw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| Avmyb Avgiv †`wL wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †ckvMZ
`„wófw½ I g‡bvfve Kx, †Kb cÖ‡qvRb Ges Kx Dcv‡q Zv iß Kiv hvq|
D‡Ïk¨
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb
 gva¨wgK wk¶K‡ì †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfv‡ei mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv mg~n kbv³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve Dbœq‡bi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶K‡ì †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjvi Dc‡hvMx Kvh©vewj wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: wk¶K‡ì †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfv‡ei mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv

kbv³KiY
wcÖq wk¶v_©x, Avcwb c~‡e©i Awa‡ek‡b Avcbvi Rxe‡bi GKRb ev G‡Ki AwaK wk¶K‡K
 ¯§iY K‡iwQ‡jb| †m cÖm‡½ Avgiv Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQjvg †h Rxe‡b Mfxi cÖfve †i‡L
hvIqv GKRb wk¶‡Ki êwkó¨ Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡q mvaviYfv‡e GKRb wk¶K Zvi †ckv
†e‡Q †bb| Avi Zv hw` bvI nq Z‡e ‡ckvwU MÖnY Kivi ci wk¶K w`‡b w`‡b †ckvi cÖwZ
Abyi³ n‡q I‡Vb| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY G †ckvq gvbyl wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z nq| we‡kl K‡i
gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii Aw¯’i I cÖej Abyf~wZcÖeb wK‡kvi‡ì mvwbœ‡a¨ G‡m wk¶K ïay †mœnvÜ
n‡q hvb bv, Gi ekeZ©x n‡q wZwb ax‡i ax‡i G‡ì wewea weKv‡k `vwqZ¡m¤úbœ n‡q I‡Vb|
A_©vr Zvi g‡bvfve I AvPiY `yBB wk¶v_©x‡ì BwZevPK weKv‡ki w`‡K j¶ K‡i M‡o
I‡V| d‡j wk¶K Zvi a¨v‡b, wPš—vq, Kv‡R, K‡g© me©ÎB wk¶v_©x‡ì mvwe©K weKvk I
DbœwZK‡í my¯úó Qvc ivL‡Z kyiy K‡ib| wk¶Y m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Zvi wbôv
µgk e„w× †c‡Z ïiy K‡i| Kxfv‡e, †Kgb K‡i, KLb †Kvb KvRwU Ki‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì
53
wkLb mnvqK cwi‡ek MVb Kiv hv‡e ev welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© my®úó aviYv †`qv hv‡e BZ¨vw`
wel‡q wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póv I `¶Zv e„w× Ki‡Z wZwb m`v Zrci n‡q I‡Vb| †mRb¨ eB-cy¯—K
cov, AvaywbK a¨vb-aviYvi AbymÜvb Kiv, wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ Kvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi weKv‡ki
Rb¨ cÖhyw³ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi w`‡K m‡Pó _v‡Kb| †Kvbµ‡gB AKj¨vbKi I AbvKvw•LZ
†Kvb AvPiY †hb wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ M‡o IVvi my‡hvM bv _v‡K †m e¨vcv‡i me©`v mZK©
_v‡Kb| wk¶v_©x‡ì Kj¨v‡bi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki GB †h g‡bvfve I `„wófw½ Zv GKw`‡b M‡o
I‡V bv| GKw`‡K wk¶v_©xi gvbwmK msMV‡b Áv‡bi weKvk NU‡Z _v‡K Ab¨w`‡K
wk¶‡Ki g‡aÏ µgk bZzb Ávb I `¶Zvq Zv‡K bZzbfv‡e m„wó Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq `„wófw½
I g‡bvfve ew„× †c‡Z _v‡K|
wb‡P esjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii K‡qKwU Av`k© wk¶K †hvM¨Zv †`qv nj:
1. cÖwZ K¬v‡mi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv I mymsMwVZ nIqv|
2. we`¨vj‡q I †kÖwYK‡¶ m‡ev©”P msL¨K wk¶v_x©i mv‡_ mwnòzZvi wfwË‡Z †hvMv‡hvM
¯’vcb Kiv|
3. wk¶vµ‡gi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© we¯Z…Z Ávb I mswk- ó Mfxi aviYv bgbxqfv‡e
†kÖwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z m¶g nIqv|
4. wk¶v_x©‡ì Am½wZc~Y© AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i cwiKíbvgvwdK †kÖwYi Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv
I wk¶v_x©‡ì †kÖwY‡Z ivLvi Dc‡hvMx wewfbœgyLx mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv I Kjv‡KŠk‡ji
eënvi hv wk¶v_x©‡ì †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ I mg_© Ki‡e|
5. m¦íg~j¨ A_ev webvg~‡j¨ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z DcKiY eënv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q AskMÖnYg~jK Kvh©vewj
cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘‡Zi Ávb I `¶Zv _vKv hv wk¶v_x©‡ì D”P¯—‡ii wkLb `¶Zv AR©‡b
mnvqZv Ki‡e|
Gme †hvM¨Zv Avcwb Avcbvi wk¶KZvi †ckvMZ Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M
G¸‡jv Avcbvi ‡ckvMZ êwk‡ó¨ DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ †hvM¨Zv MV‡bi cÖwZ Avcbvi
AvMÖn I g‡bvfve hvPvB Kiv cª‡qvRb| Avmyb Avcbvi g‡bvfve hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi
êwk‡óï †Kvb †Kvb w`K hvPvB Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wPwýZ Kwi| cÖwZwU †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wfbœ
cÖKvi `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡P GKwU D`vniY †`qv nj
†hvM¨Zv: wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq wkL‡b AskMÖnY I AvZ¥g~j¨vq‡b DØy×KiY `¶Zv|
G Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve Kx n‡Z cv‡i?
 wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ D`viZv I mnvbyf~wZkxjZv
 wk¶v_©xi AvZ¥weKv‡ki cÖwZ AvMÖn
 eÜzg‡bvfvevcbœZv
 wbi‡c¶Zv
 mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
54
wk¶v_©x g‡b ivL‡eb, GKB `„wófw½ wk¶‡Ki wewfbœ ai‡bi †hvM¨Zv MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
e¨w³i `k©b †_‡K `„wófw½i D™¢e nq| A_©vr wZwb †Kvb welq‡K Kx Avw½‡K †`L‡Qb
†mUvB Zvi `„wófw½| GwU Zvi wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| wk¶K
hw` g‡b K‡ib mwµq wkLb GKwU Dc‡hvMx cÖwµqv Gi cªwZ Zvi BwZevPK `„wófw½ M‡o
DV‡e| myZivs GKB `„wófw½ wZwb DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z wM‡qI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ce©- L: †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve Dbœqb

†ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve MV‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi QKwU†Z †h †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv †`qv Av‡Q
a †m¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Avcwb †kªwYwk¶‡Y cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb ev Zvi Rb¨ Avcbvi AvPiY †Kgb n‡e
Ges †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi wbY©vqK Kx n‡e wjLyb| GKwU D`vniY j¶ Kiyb|
†hvM¨Zv: wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq wkL‡b AskMÖnY I AvZ¥g~j¨vq‡b DØy×KiY `¶Zv|
cÖ‡qvRbxq AvPiY:
 DcKiY eënvi K‡i wk¶v_©x‡K Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kivi my‡hvM †`qv|
 wk¶v_©xi mwVK wkLb wb‡`©kbvi Rb¨ cÖkœKiY †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
 wk¶v_©xi †KŠZznj evwo‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖkœ Kiv I bZzb Z‡_ï mÜv‡b Zv‡K
Drmvnx Kiv|
 wk¶v_©xi g‡a¨ wPšÍvi D‡`ªK Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x hv ej‡e Ges hv Ki‡e Zvi cÖksmv Kiv, fyj n‡j cÖkœKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv
ms‡kva‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv|
 wk¶v_©x‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z I wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z Drmvn †`qv|
wbY©vqK: Kxfv‡e eyS‡eb †h Avcbvi g‡a¨ †hvM¨Zvi Dbœqb n‡q‡Q?

 wk¶v_©x hw` Kv‡R ¯^Ztù~Z© nq|
 Avcbv‡K fq bv cvq eis Avcbv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Z _v‡K|
 Avcbv‡K cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡i|
 mncvVxi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Pvq|
55
wb‡Pi QKwUi k~b¨¯’vb¸‡jv c~iY Kiyb|

 µwgK mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv cÖ‡qvRbxq AvPiY †hvM¨Zv cwigvcK
bs
1 mKj wk¶v_x© I mnKgx©i mv‡_
m¤úK© n‡e eÜzfvevcbœ, Avš—wiK,
mnbkxj Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK|
2 cÖkvmwbK I wk¶Y msµvšÍ Awc©Z
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `„p I cwic°
gvbwmKZv|
3 mKj wk¶v_x©i Ávb AR©‡b Aby‡cÖiYv
cÖ`vb I Zv‡ì wkLb Kvh©µ‡g
mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZkÖwy Ze×|
4 cÖwZ K¬v‡mi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY
I mymsMwVZ nIqv
5 †kÖwYK‡¶ AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx I GKvMÖ nIqv
Ges AvPiY I e³e¨ Dc¯’vc‡b
D”PZi ¯§viK (Ideal) cÖ`k©b Kiv|
6 wk¶v_x©‡ì ÁvbvR©b Ges wbRm¦
wk¶Y `¶Zvi wbqwgZ Dbœqb
cÖwZdj‡b D`vi I Drmvnx nIqv|
7 wbR wel‡qi me©‡kl AMÖMwZ I
weKvkgvb aviYvi mgš^‡q wb‡R‡K
nvjbvMv` (Up-to-date) Kiv|
56
ce©- M: Òwk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfveÓ M‡o †Zvjvi

Kvh©vewj wPwýZKiY
wb‡Pi Kvwnbx wPÎwU co–b| wk¶‡Ki ewY©Z †hvM¨Zv, AvPiY I cª‡qvMK…Z `„wófw½ Ges
 g‡bvfve wPwýZ Kiyb|
Kvwnbx wPÎ
Abykxjb cvV`vb- 2 G weGW †Kv‡m©i cªwk¶Yv_©x ‡mwjbv Zvi mZx_© mvwKevi weÁvb
K¬vm ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡jb| ch©‡e¶Y†k‡l wkLb-wk¶Y Kvh©vewji wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Zviv
ci¯úi gZ wewbgq K‡ib| †mwjbv mvwKevi wk¶‡Yi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Zvi cÖwZdjb
Wv‡qix‡Z GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡jb|
mvwKev †kÖwYK‡¶ †ek mwµq I nvwmLywk wQ‡jb| wk¶‡Yi kyiy‡Z wZwb mKj‡K
ky‡f”Qv Rvbv‡jb Ges AwaKvsk wk¶v_x©i bvg a‡i m‡¤^vab Ki‡jb| wk¶Y welqe¯‘
wQj dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask kbv³KiY| mvwKev wKQy wk¶v DcKiY eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb|
†hgb ZvRv dzj, dz‡ji GKwU iwOb wPÎ, †e- W, ¯‹P †Uc, †cwÝj BZ¨vw`| wZwb cÖ_‡g
dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask c„_K K‡i wk¶v_x©‡ì †`Lv†jb Ges dz‡ji cÖ‡Z¨KwU As‡ki bvg
we‡klfv‡e GKvwaKevi wewfbœfv‡e D‡j- L Ki‡jb| Gevi wk¶v_x©‡ì QqwU `‡j fvM
Ki‡jb Ges cÖwZ `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v nj Qq Rb| cÖwZ `j‡K GKwU K‡i ZvRv dzj
w`‡jb| Gevi dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask c„_K K‡i AskMy‡jvi bvg LvZvq wjL‡Z ej‡jb|
wk¶v_©xiv hLb `jxqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Qj mvwKev cÖwZ `‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i ‡`LwQ‡jb, cÖkœ
KiwQ‡jb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mvnvh¨ KiwQ‡jb|
KvR †kl Kivi ci mvwKev wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K dz‡ji wPÎ AuvK‡Z ej‡jb Ges dz‡ji wewfbœ
Ask Aw¼Z wP‡Îi Dci ¯‹P†Uc w`‡q AvUKv‡Z e‡jb| dz‡ji wPÎ Gu‡K wewfbœ Ask
wP‡Îi Dci AvUKv‡bvi mgq mvwKev wk¶v_©x‡ì mvnvh¨ KiwQ‡jb Ges gv‡S gv‡S
Drmvne¨ÄK kã cÖ‡qvM KiwQ‡jb|
Gevi mvwKev wk¶v_©x‡ì Ggbfv‡e cÖkœ Ki‡jb †hb Zv‡ì wPš—vkw³‡K DÏxwcZ
K‡i| mwVK DËi †`qvi Rb¨ wZwb Zv‡ì‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib, Gfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_
m¤úK© Dbœq‡b wZwb me mgqB Zrci wQ‡jb| wk¶v_x©iv me©`vB mwµq wQj Ges
welqe¯‘ †kLvi cÖwZ Zv‡ì µgk AvMÖn e„w× cvw”Qj| wZwb wk¶v_x©‡ì Av‡jvPbvq
AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì fzj DËi‡K wZwb KLbI AMÖvn¨
K‡ibwb| eis fzj DËi‡K wfwË K‡iB wZwb mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì fzj aviYv `~i Kivi
†Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| me†k‡l wk¶v_x©‡ì GKwU KvR w`‡jb hv Zviv evwo †_‡K K‡i
Avb‡e| KvRwU wQj evwoi Av‡kcv‡k †h mg¯Í dzjMvQ Av‡Q, Zv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i
K‡qKwU dz‡ji bvg I êwkó¨ wj‡L Avb‡Z n‡e| mvwKev K¬vm†k‡l Zvi mZx_© †mwjbvi
Kv‡Q Zvi wk¶Y Kvh©vewji †Kvb w`K AviI fv‡jv Kiv hvq Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb Ges H
w`Kmg~n Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ we`¨vj‡qi welqwfwËK I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶K‡ì Kv‡Q wb‡`©kbv
57
PvB‡jb|
58
g~j wkLbxq welq
†ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve

†ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfv‡ei 7wU mywbw`©ó †hvM¨Zvi e¨vL¨v:
1. mKj wk¶v_x© I mnKgx©i mv‡_ m¤úK© n‡e eÜzfvevcbœ, Avš—wiK, mnbkxj Ges
mn‡hvwMZvg~jK|
D`vniY: †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ m`qfve, †Lvjv‡gjv, bgbxqZv cÖ`k©b Kiv|
2. ÒcÖkvmwbK I wk¶Y msµš— Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `„p I cwic° gvbwmKZvÓ|
wk¶K †h‡nZz welqwfwËK Ávb mÂvj‡b mnvqZv`vbKvixi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
wk¶v_x©i Áv‡bi ch©vq‡K D”PZi Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Pzw³e× ZvB Zvi g‡a¨
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `„pZv I cwic° gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY: cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ges wk¶Y msµvš— eB-cy¯ÍK, cÎ-cwÎKv,
Rvb©vj, I‡qe‡cR BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Ávb AR©b|
3. ÒmKj wk¶v_x©i Ávb AR©‡b Aby‡cÖiYv cÖ`vb I Zv‡ì wkLb Kvh©µ‡g mn‡hvwMZvq
cÖwZkÖwy Ze× nIqv|
cÖwk¶Yv_x©e„›` Rv‡bb †h GKwU †kÖwYK‡¶i mKj wk¶v_x©‡K mgvbfv‡e GwM‡q wb‡q
hvIqv Zvi KZ©e¨| myZivs Zvi wk¶Kmyjf wek¦vm I g‡bvfve Ggb n‡e †hb wZwb
mKj wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A_©vr mKj wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ mgvb `„wó
ivLv|
4. ÒcÖwZ K¬v‡mi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖ¯‘wZ †bIqv I mymsMwVZ nIqvÓ|
AvaywbK wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M wk¶K Rv‡bb wk¶v_x© wewfbœ m~Î ‡_‡K AZ¨š— AvKl©Yxq
Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| G e¨vcv‡i wk¶K‡K m`v cÖ¯ZzZ I mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY: Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i eënv‡ii gva¨‡g DbœZgv‡bi wk¶Y †KŠkj wbe©vPb|
5. Ò†kÖwYK‡¶ AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx I GKvMÖ nIqv Ges AvPiY I e³e¨ Dc¯’vc‡b D”PZi
¯§viK cª`k©bÓ|
D`vniY: D™¢vebx Kv‡R AvZ¥wek¦vmx nIqv|
6. Òwk¶v_x©‡ì ÁvbvR©b Ges wbR¯^ wk¶Y `¶Zvi wbqwgZ Dbœqb cÖwZdj‡b D`vi I
Drmvnx nIqvÓ|
†h‡nZz AvaywbK wk¶vZË¡ Abymv‡i wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki D`vi I eÜzfvevcbœ
g‡bvfve Zvi wkL‡b mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges ‡h‡nZz Zv‡K wk¶v_x©i AR©‡bi
djveZ©b w`‡Z nq myZivs Zvi eënvi D`vi I Drmvne¨ÄK n‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY: AvZ¥g~j¨vqb, mnKgx©i gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv|
7. wbR wel‡qi me©‡kl AMÖMwZ I weKvkgvb aviYvi mgb¦‡q wb‡R‡K nvjbvMv` Kiv|
AvR‡Ki wek¦vqb hy‡Mi wk¶K‡K wbR wel‡qi cÖwZwU †¶‡Îi me©‡kl Z_¨ Rvb‡Z
n‡e Ab¨_vq wZwb †kÖwYK‡¶i mKj †gavi wk¶v_x©i Ávb wccvmv ‡gUv‡Z m¶g
n‡eb bv|
59
D`vniY: wewfbœ wk¶v welqK iPbv, cÖeÜ, wbeÜ BZ¨vw` wbqwgZ cov| Zvn‡j ejv
hvq †h, †Kvb we`¨vj‡qi GKwU †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_x©‡K e¨w³MZ I mg‡eZfv‡e
welqwfwËK cvV¨m~wPi Ávb, `¶Zv ev AvPi‡Y DØy× KivB welq wk¶‡Ki KvR| ZvB
†kÖwYK‡¶ Zvi AvPiY Aek¨B eÜzfvevcbœ, AvšÍwiK, mnbkxj I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK
n‡Z n‡e|
g~j¨vqb
 1| Avcwb Kx g‡b K‡ib Av‡Z¥vbœqb †ckvMZ `„wófw½ I g‡bvfve MV‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcvq-
e³‡eï ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ w`b|
wk¶KZvi †¶‡Î: Av‡Z¥vbœqb Gi A_© n‡”Q wk¶K cÖwZ wbqZ wb‡RB Zvi wbR¯^
AvPiY; K_vevZ©v, mdjZv, e¨_©Zvmn †kªwYK‡¶i mvgwMÖK cwiw¯’wZ we‡k- lY K‡ib
GRb¨ cvVUxKv Dc¯’vc‡bi ci cÖwZw`b cÖwZdjbg~jK Wvqix‡Z GKwU mvivsk wj‡L
ivLvi civgk© †Ìqv nq cÖwk¶Yv_©x wk¶K‡K| wk¶K hw` abvZ¥K `„wófw½ mnKv‡i
wbR¯^ mgv‡jvPbv K‡i µgvMZ Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ m‡Pó _v‡Kb Z‡e Zv Aek¨B Zvi
†ckvMZ Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
2| wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv Zvi `„wófw½ I g‡bvfv‡ei Dci wbf©ikxj- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|

‡hvM¨Zv `yB iK‡gi: cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †k‡l wWwMÖ I mvwU©wd‡KU AR©bc~e©K †Kvb
†NvwlZ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi cÖv_wgK †hvM¨Zv| Avi †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi ci
cÖwZw`bKvi `vßwiK KZ©e¨ cvjb Kivi Kv‡R Zvi Ab¨ A‡bK ai‡bi †hvM¨Zvi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb wk¶KZvi †¶‡Î-
 welqe¯‘i †hŠw³K µg Abymv‡i Zv Dc¯’vcb Kiv|

 Dc¯’vcbKv‡j wk¶v_©xi mv‡_ wØ-cvwÿK †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv|
 mgqvbyhvqx welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcbv †kl Kiv|
 wk¶v_©xi µ‡gvbœwZ g~j¨vqb Kiv BZ¨vw`|
GB wØZxq cÖKvi †hvM¨Zv cwi‡ek, cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx wfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs
wk¶‡Ki Aek¨B mgqvbyhvqx, wk¶v_©xi eqm, MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i `„wófw½ I
g‡bvfve wKQyUv n‡jI cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|
3| †KvbwU `„wófw½? †Kb?

K. DcKib eënvi
L. mwµq wkLb
M. AvšÍwiKZv|
Avcbvi DË‡ii KviY we‡kølY Kiyb|
60
wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ `k©b I Zvi Dbœqb
f~wgKv
†ckvMZ `„wófw½ wk¶‡Ki wbR `k©‡bi Dci M‡o I‡V, MZ Awa‡ek‡b G m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbvi mgq `k©b m¤^‡Ü mvgvb¨ Bw½Z K‡iwQjvg| G BDwb‡Ui †kl Awa‡ek‡b g~jZ
Avcwb mviv BDwbU Ry‡o hv Abyaveb K‡i‡Qb I wk‡L‡Qb Zvi mvims‡¶c Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡eb Ges aviYvi ¯^”QZv I ¯’vqx‡Z¡i Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î cybivq Abykxjb Ki‡eb|
†mBmv‡_ GKRb wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Rxe‡b e¨w³MZ `k©‡bi f~wgKv †Kv_vq I †Kgb Zv
Avcbvi Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡e|
D‡Ïk¨
GB Awa‡ek‡b Avcwb-
 wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©b m¤úwK©Z wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ `k©b-Gi MyiyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ cÖv_wgK `k©‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ j¶¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e¨w³MZ w`bwjwc ‡jLvi wbqg kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wPwýZKiY

Avcwb hv Rv‡bb e¨w³ hv †`‡L Ges Abyaveb K‡i ZvB `k©b| wk¶v m¤§Üxq `k©b
 Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`wL hy‡M hy‡M `vk©wbKiv mgvR I mg‡qi Pvwn`vi †cÖw¶‡Z wbR
`„wó‡Kvb †_‡K wk¶vi ¸iyZ¡‡K †hfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb ZvB `k©b n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB G K_v
ejv hvq †h `k©b e¨w³i GKvšÍ wbR¯^| A_©vr e¨w³ Zvi gvbwmK Pvwn`v I MVb †_‡K hv
Dcjwä K‡i ZvB Zvi `k©b|
gnvgwZ m‡µwUm ej‡Qb, Ò†Kvb m‡Zï AbymÜvb ev wRÁvmvi DË‡i wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³
ivLv‡K `k©b e‡j|Ó
G¨wi‡÷v‡Uvj ej‡Qb, Ò`k©b †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv m¤^wjZ weÁvb|Ó
61
Avevi Rb wWDB `k©b m¤ú‡K© Zvi gZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e, Òe¨vcKfv‡e

cÖ‡qv‡Mvc‡hvMx wk¶v gZev`B `k©b bv‡g cwiwPZ|Ó
e¨w³i Gme `k©b hLb mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Kvh©Kix f~wgKv iv‡L ZLb gvbyl Zv MÖnY K‡i Ges
mgvR MV‡b eënvi K‡i| Gfv‡e eû g~jëvb `vk©wbK Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z wk¶vi j¶¨ wba©viY
Kiv nq| AZGe Avcbvi Kv‡Q wbðqB ¯úó n‡q‡Q †h `k©b e¨w³‡K aviYv MV‡b mvnvh¨
K‡i Ges †h‡nZz †m aviYv MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© Zvi g‡bvfve A_©vr Zvi
AvMÖn ev AbvMÖn hvB †nvK bv †Kb Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs `k©b e¨w³i `„wófw½ I
g‡bvfve MV‡bi wfwËf~wg wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
Avgiv Rvwb cÖwZ e¨w³ ¯^Zš¿ iywP I cÖeYZvi AwaKvix| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY e¨w³i `k©b
cÖwZ †¶‡ÎB wfbœ| A_©vr cÖwZR‡bi e¨w³MZ `k©b Av‡Q|
wcÖq wk¶v_©x GLb Avcwb †h KvRwU Ki‡eb, Zv G BDwb‡Ui cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡bi ïiy‡Z
GKevi K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e GLv‡b Avcwb AviI e¨vcKfv‡e cybivq Ki‡Z wM‡q wek¦vm I
g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z Avcbvi aviYv KZUv Mfxi Zv hvPvB Kivi my‡hvM cv‡eb|
wb‡P wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z kã¸‡jv wgwk‡q †`qv Av‡Q| kã¸‡jv‡K A_©‡evaK K‡i
a c„_K Kiyb|
wek¦vm g~jëva
KvRwU Avcwb c~‡e© K‡i‡Qb| myZivs mbvZb aviYv‡K mg„×kvjx K‡i Zzj‡Z wbðqB bZzb
†Kvb wb‡`©kbvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
62
ce©- L: wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©b we‡kølY I ¸iyZ¡ ch©v‡jvPbv

wb‡Pi Kvwnbx wPÎ `ywU co–b|
 Kvwnbx wPÎ- GK
dwi` Avn‡g` kn‡ii bvgKiv GKwU we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wk¶K| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi †ckv
cQ›` K‡ib bv| GB †ckv MÖnY K‡i wZwb mš‘ó nbwb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib G †ckvq Zvi
Ávb I `¶Zvi g~j¨vqb nIqvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| G Kvi‡Y wZwb †kªwYK‡¶ g‡bvwb‡ek
Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zvi K¬v‡m wk¶v_©xiv h_v_© wkLb cwi‡ek cvq bv| G Rb¨ Zviv K¬vm
Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv| dwi` wk¶v_©x‡ì GB AbvMÖnx AvPi‡Yi myweav ‡fvM K‡ib| A_©vr
wZwb welq m¤ú‡K© h‡_ó cov‡kvbv K‡ib bv, mxwgZ Ávb wb‡qB wZwb wk¶v_©x‡ì gy‡LvgywL
nb Ges †h‡nZz wk¶v_©xivI †Kvb cÖkœ K‡i bv ev Rvb‡Z Pvq bv ZvB wZwb ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva
K‡ib| mxgve× Ávb _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zvi gbUv me mgqB wZ³ n‡q _v‡K| d‡j wZwb
mK‡ji mv‡_ i~p eënvi K‡ib| Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Zgb †hvMv‡hvM iv‡Lb bv| A_© DcvR©b‡KB
Rxe‡bi j¶¨ wnmv‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| †mRb¨ wk¶v_x©‡ì wewfbœ ‡KŠk‡j cÖvB‡fU covb|
GLv‡bI wZwb DËg wk¶Y c×wZi eënvi K‡ib bv| wk¶v_x©‡ì MvBW eB †Kbvi Rb¨
ZvMv`v w`‡Z _v‡Kb, KviY Gme eB wZwb †j‡Lb Ges evRv‡i Pov `‡i wewµ Kivi eë¯’v
K‡i‡Qb| ‡ckv †nmv‡e wk¶KZvi ‡Kvb g~j¨ Zvi Kv‡Q †bB|
Kvwnbx wPÎ- `yB

dinv`yi ingvb cÖZ¨š— MÖv‡g †QvU GKwU ¯‹z‡ji mnKvix wk¶K| wk¶KZv‡K wZwb ïayB
†ckv wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb bv, eis g‡b K‡ib G †ckvi GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ Av‡Q, Zv nj,
wk¶v_x©i me©v½xb weKvk Z_v †`k I RvwZi Dbœq‡b AskMÖnY| †ckvMZ Dbœqb‡K wZwb Lye
GKUv KwVb KvR g‡b K‡ib bv| Gi Ab¨Zg Dcvq wnmv‡e wZwb wk¶‡Yi Rb¨ me iKg
cª¯‘wZ wb‡qB †kªwYK‡¶ hvb| †h‡nZz dinv`yi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Avb›` Luy‡R cvb mK‡ji mv‡_
wZwb bgª, f`ª I gvwR©Z eënvi K‡ib| wk¶v_x©iv Zvi K¬v‡m ¯^Ztù~Z©, AvMÖnx I cÖvYešÍ
wkL‡b mwµq _v‡K| mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z wZwb wk¶v_©x‡ì c×wZgZ me©vZ¥K †Póv
K‡ib| wk¶Y m¤§‡Ü †h‡Kvb bZzb Z_¨ Zv‡K AvK…ó K‡i| Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ I Kxfv‡e Zv
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq Zvi Rb¨ wZwb wPš—v-fvebv Ki‡Z ïiy K‡ib| mgv‡Ri me©¯—‡ii
gvby‡li mv‡_ wZwb m™¢ve iv‡Lb Ges KvD‡KB wZwb Aeg~j¨vqb K‡ib bv| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b
dinv`yi m`v Zrci K‡ib| wZwb g‡b K‡ib Rxeb‡K Avb›`gq I A_©c~Y© K‡i †Zvjvi
Rb¨ wk¶KZv GKwU Dchy³ I Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c|
wk¶v_©x, `ywU wfbœ Kvwnbx‡Z wk¶K `yR‡bi c„_K AvPiY j¶ Kiyb| wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jv DËi
w`b|
1. `yR‡bi e¨w³MZ `k©b wPwýZ Kiyb|
2. Kxfv‡e `k©b Zv‡ì Kg©‡¶Î‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3. cÖwZ ‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì g~j¨‡evamg~n Zz‡j aiyb|
63
ce©- M: wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ j¶¨ wba©viY

cÖwZ gv‡mi †kl wUD‡Uvwiqvj †mk‡b Avcwb Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ welq †_‡K wk¶Y Abykxjb
 Ki‡Qb| Gfv‡e †kªwY wk¶‡Y Avcwb ax‡i ax‡i AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Qb| †h †Kvb GKwU
wk¶Y Kvh©µ‡gi ¯§„wZ †_‡K wjL‡Z cv‡ib|
wb‡P Avcbvi AwfÁZv †_‡K †kªwY wk¶‡Yi wewfbœ c‡e© Avcbvi cÖZ¨vkvmg~n wjLyb|
1. wk¶Y Kvh©vewj ïiy Kivi c~‡e© Avcbvi cÖZ¨vkv Kx _v‡K wjLyb|

(wk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ I wkLbdj)
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
2. wk¶Y Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi mgq (†Kvb NUbv, mej w`K, `ye©j w`K, mgm¨v ev Avkv
c~iY) Avcbvi cÖZ¨vkvmg~n wjLyb|
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
3. wk¶Y †k‡l hv Avcwb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zvi KZUv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb ev KZUzKz AwR©Z
n‡q‡Q Zv wjLyb|
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
4. hw` cÖZ¨vkv AR©‡b †Kvb NvUwZ _v‡K Zv D‡jøL Kiyb Ges Kxfv‡e Zvi Dbœqb Kiv hvq
wjLyb|
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
wk¶v_©x, Dc‡ii KvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi G aviYv n‡e †h wk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kivi
c~‡e© wk¶K‡K wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K© hveZxq Z_¨, wk¶Y cwi‡ek, mgq BZ¨vw` wel‡q Rvb‡Z
nq| A_©vr D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Ki‡jB n‡e bv, Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM Avcbvi KZUzKz Av‡Q Ges
Avcbvi †Póv KZUv djcÖm~ n‡e G e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi ¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB
Avcwb wk¶Y j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©vi‡Y †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|
64
ce©- N: e¨w³MZ wk¶Y w`bwjwc wjLb

w`bwjwc nj GK ai‡bi Z_ëvnK hvi g‡a¨ †jLK Zvi wbR¯^ `„wó‡Kv‡b w`‡bi
 D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvmg„× Z_¨mg~n wb‡Ri fvlvq wee„Z K‡ib| †jLK cÖwZw`‡bi ZvwiL D‡jøL
K‡ib, GRb¨ cieZ©x‡Z NUbvi avivevwnKZv I µgvwš^Z wPÎ Abyaveb Kiv mnR nq|
wk¶Y w`bwjwc GKRb wk¶‡Ki cÖvZ¨wnK †kªwYwk¶Y Kvh©vewj I Avkv wbivkvi

cÖwZdjbmg„× GKwU Z_ëvnK| GLv‡b wk¶K cÖwZ †kªwYi Rb¨ Kx wZwb Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb, Zv ev¯—evq‡bi mgq Kx AwfÁZv wZwb jvf Ki‡jb, KZUzKz Avkv Zvi c~iY
nj, KZUv njbv, bZzb †Kvb Avkvi Rb¥ nj wKbv BZ¨vw` wel‡q GKvšÍ wb‡Ri `„wófw½i
cÖKvk K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wk¶Y cwiKíbvi mgq cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Zvi c~e© AwfÁZv¸‡jv
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib| ïay ZvB bv, w`bwjwc‡Z †jLv wewfbœ NUbv I Z_¨mg~n we‡k- lY
K‡i wZwb †kªYxwk¶Y msµvš— bZzb bZzb aviYv D™¢veb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| myZivs eyS‡ZB
cvi‡Qb †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ w`bwjwc wjLb GKwU AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c| Avcwb
wb‡RB wb‡Ri Kg©KvÛ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb, wb‡Ri `ye©jZv ev mej w`K wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡Qb, Ges ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ bZzb †KŠkj D™¢veb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| AZGe Avcbvi fyj
ev ÎywU wb‡Ri ‡Pv‡L aivi Rb¨ GwU GKwU DËg †KŠkj, hv cieZ©x‡Z Avcwb ms‡kvab
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
wcÖq wk¶K, †h †Kvb GKwU wk¶Y Kvh©µg ¯§iY K‡i wb‡P Avcbvi GK w`‡bi wk¶Y
 w`bwjwc wjLyb|
ZvwiL:
 †kªwY:
1. AvR‡Ki †kªwY‡Z BwZevPK NUbvmg~n-
2. mgm¨vewj-
3. Ab¨ †kªwY‡Z †Kvb NUbv fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q ev jv‡Mwb-
4. AvR we`¨vjq †_‡K Avwg hv wk‡LwQ-
5. wk¶Y welqK-
6. wkLb welqK-
7. AvR‡Ki cv‡Vi ci Avgvi Kx Kx BwZevPK cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q-
Dc‡ii G QKwU AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
65
g~j wkLbxq welq
wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ `k©‡bi ¸iyZ¡

 wk¶KZv †ckvi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki me ai‡bi kvixwiK, gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© n‡jv †ckvi cÖwZ BwZevPK `„wófw½|
 wk¶‡Ki ‡ckvi cÖwZ BwZevPK `„wófw½ M‡o I‡V Zvi AwR©Z mwVK Áv‡bi Dci wfwË
K‡i Ges GB Ávb Zv‡K e¨w³MZ `k©‡b AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| e¨w³MZ `k©b wk¶‡Yi
DrKl© e„w×i Ab¨Zg mnvqK|
 Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cÖvq mKj wk¶KB wk¶KZvi cÖwZ cÖZ¨vwkZ `„wófw½ wb‡q †ckvq
†hvM †`b, ZvB Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ `k©b wba©viY I Gi Dbœqb n‡jB Zviv †ckvq wbôvevb
n‡Z cv‡ib|
 wk¶KZv †ckvi `k©b Dbœq‡b †`k I RvwZi Av`k© I AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i Pvwn`v‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L wk¶K‡K cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z nq| ZvQvov wk¶‡Y bZzb a¨vb-aviYv AvKl©bxq wk¶Y
cwiPvjbvq BwZevPK dj e‡q Av‡b| wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©b wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ
Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| e¨w³MZ `k©b I wk¶Y-wkL‡bi bZzb I Kvh©Ki w`KMy‡jvi
wg_w¯Œqvq wk¶K I wk¶v_©x Df‡qi g‡a¨ D™¢vebx I m„wókxj K‡g©vÏxcbvi D‡b¥l
N‡U| †hgb wk¶K Zvi †ckvi `¶Zv Dbœq‡b cÖqvmx nb Ges mvnwmKZvi m‡½
†ckvMZ `¶Zv wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib Ges wk¶v_©xI GKBfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ nq|
wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©b Zuv‡K †ckvMZ `¶Zv I †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ Kg©‡`¨vMx
n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †ckvMZ `¶Zv I †hvM¨Zvi DbœqbB wk¶‡Ki wbR¯^ Dbœqb I
Kj¨v‡Yi †mvcvb|
wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ cÖv_wgK `k©b we‡kølY

 wk¶v_x©iv ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡bi
†KŠkjMy‡jv ‡hb AvqË¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Kiv wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©‡bi Ab¨Zg
KvR|
 myôz Rxeb hvÎvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq AwfÁZvMy‡jv wk¶v_x©iv ‡hb wkL‡bi gva¨‡g AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv|
 wk¶v_x©i Ávbg~jK weKvk Qvov Zv‡ì Ab¨vb¨ `¶Zv mn AvMÖn DÏxcbv e„w×‡Z
mnvqZv Kiv Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv, eÜzcÖxwZ, mv_©KZv, Abyf~wZg~jK mvg¨ eRvq
ivLv cÖf„wZ MyiyZ¡c~Y© KvR wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©‡bi Ab¨Zg w`K|
 wk¶v_x©i e¨w³mËvi me©v½xb weKv‡ki Rb¨ Zvi m¤ú~Y© Rxeb hvÎvi m‡½B cwiwPZ
nIqvi gZ g‡bvfve I `„wófw½ _vK‡Z n‡e wk¶‡Ki|
 wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ cÖfve we¯Ívi I Av‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q wk¶v_x©i hyw³wfwËK, cwi”Qbœ
I m¦v¯’¨Ki GKwU Rxeb-`k©b M‡o Zzj‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
66
 wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `k©‡b wZwb †Kej wk¶v`vZv ev Ávb`vZv bb, wZwb wk¶v_x©i mnKgx©,
wn‰ZlxeÜy, Ávb weKv‡k mnvqZvKvix, Zvi Rxeb `k©b MV‡b cÖavb mnvqK Ges Zvi
Kg©cÖ‡Póvi AwfÁ c_ cÖ`k©K|
 wk¶v_x©‡ì Ávb `¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡bi wkLb Kvh©µ‡g mn‡hvwMZv Kivq GKRb
wk¶K‡K cÖwZkÖwy Ze× n‡Z n‡e|
 GKRb wk¶K‡K fwel¨‡Zi ‡h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ wn‡m‡e `¶,
†hvM¨ I †gavm¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶ †h ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva I wek¦vm m„wó‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡eb †m
e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K me©`v m‡Pó _vK‡Z n‡e|
wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ j¶¨ wba©viY

wk¶K wn‡m‡e cÖ_‡g wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e †`k I RvwZi Pvwn`v Abymv‡i wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg
KZUzKz myôz I mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g wb‡Ri `k©b Kx n‡e Zv mywbw`©ó
Ki‡Z n‡e| wk¶K wn‡m‡e mgv‡R, we`¨vj‡q I Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q GKRb Av`k© e¨w³
wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ NUv‡bvB n‡jv g~j `k©b| Zvn‡j wk¶‡Ki cÖavb êwkó¨ n‡jv K‡g©i cÖwZ
AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ges `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b cÖwZÁve× nIqv| wk¶‡Ki cÖv_wgK ev g~j `k©‡bi †¶‡Î
wk¶v_x©‡ì Dchy³ gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kivi hveZxq Kv‡Ri i~c‡iLv ˆZwi Kivi
gbgvbwmKZv _vKv Avek¨K wk¶‡Ki g‡a¨| wk¶Y-wkLb cÖwµqvi beZi a¨vb-aviYvi
cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB †ckvMZ
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ j¶¨ nIqv DwPZ ‡`k I RvwZ, mgvR, Rb‡Mvôx I wk¶v_x©i wbKU
wb‡R‡K AwfÁ, cvi`k©x I Av`k© wk¶K wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Kiv|
GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K n‡Z n‡j †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b wbgœewY©Z wewfbœ

c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z nq:
 AvZ¥g~j¨vqb Kiv|
 cÖwZdjb Wv‡qix wjLb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv|
 mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv I djveZ©b|
 Av`k© wk¶‡Ki cvV`vb ch©‡e¶Y Kiv|
 mZx_© wkLb ch©‡e¶Y Ges djveZ©b|
 wk¶Y msµvšÍ mfv, Kg©kvjv I wewfbœ wèm cvj‡bi Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kiv|
 AwfÁ wk¶K‡ì wbKU ‡_‡K civgk© I wb‡`©kbv †bIqv|
 bZzb aviYv MÖnY Ges ev¯Í‡e Zv cÖ‡qvM Kivi mvg_©¨ _vKv|
 Kg©mnvqK M‡elYvi gva¨‡g wk¶Y †KŠkj msµvšÍ mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv|
67
cÖwZdjb Wv‡qwi wjLb I i¶Yv‡e¶Y

wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi cÖavb mnvqK KvR nj cÖwZw`b †kªwY cvV`v‡b Kx Kx Amyweav
n‡q‡Q Zv wb‡Ri †bvUeyK ev Wv‡qwi‡Z †jLv| †kªwY cvV`vb PjvKvjxb wZwb mZx_©
ch©‡e¶‡Yi gšÍe¨ †bvUeyK ev Wv‡qwi‡Z wjL‡Z cv‡ib| wk¶Y †k‡l wb‡Ri Amyweav¸‡jv
Kx wQj ev gšÍe¨ Kx wQj, Kxfv‡e Zvi mgvavb Kiv hvq G wb‡q wPšÍvi gva¨‡g cieZx©
†kªwYwk¶Y Dbœqb Kivi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM _vK‡e Zvi| Gfv‡e wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h
†bvUey‡K wk¶Y msµvšÍ Z_¨ †jLv Ges msi¶Y Kiv nq †h LvZvq Zv‡K cÖwZdjb Wv‡qwi
†jLv ejv nq|
cÖwZdjb Wv‡qwi‡Z †iKW© wjwce×KiY

 cÖwZw`b wb‡Ri wk¶Y †k‡l cv‡Vi D‡Ï‡kï hvPvBKiY Ges fv‡jvg›` w`Kmg~n wjLb|
 wk¶Y PjvKvjxb †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv wjwce× Kiv|
 cieZx© wk¶‡Yi c~‡e© wjwLZ wk¶‡Yi fv‡jvg›` w`K wb‡q AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv Kiv
(m¦g~j¨vqb) Ges Kxfv‡e Dbœqb Kiv hvq Zvi Dcvq †ei Kiv| cÖ‡qvR‡b AwfÁ
wk¶‡Ki civgk© MÖnY Kiv|
 mnKgx© wk¶K ev mZx_© cÖwk¶Yv_x© wk¶‡Ki wk¶Y ch©‡e¶Y Kivi ci Zvi fv‡jvg›`
w`‡Ki gš—e¨ wb‡q ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ MVbg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zvi civgk© †jLv|
 wk¶Y msµvš— wbRm¦ wPš—v fvebv, AwR©Z aviYv I g‡bvfv‡ei K_v wjL‡Z cv‡ib|
 mn‡hvMx wk¶K ev welq mswkøó AwfÁ wk¶‡Ki wk¶Y ch©‡e¶‡Yi gš—e¨ I
civgk©mg~n Wv‡qwi‡Z †jLv|
 wk¶Y-wkLb msµvš— mfvq †hvM`vb, mZx_© cÖwk¶Yv_x©i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi mgq
wk¶‡Ki AwfÁ gZvgZ †c‡j Zv Wv‡qwi‡Z wjwce× Kiv Ges cieZ©x‡Z mgqgZ Zv
Abykxjb Kiv| Gfv‡e cÖwZw`‡bi wk¶Y msµvšÍ mgm¨v, mgvavb, civgk© Wv‡qix‡Z
wjLb Ges Zv Dbœq‡b Abykxjb Kiv GKwU Awew”Qbœ cÖwµqvq Pj‡Z cv‡i|
g~j¨vqb

1. wk¶Y g~j¨‡eva M‡o Zyj‡Z `k©b I wek¦v‡mi Ae¯’vb I f~wgKv we‡kølY Kiyb|
m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z: g~j wkLbxq welq g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i cvV Kiyb|
2. j¶¨ wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶K Kxfv‡e wk¶Y Kvh©vewji mdjZv I e¨_©Zvi Dci wbf©i
K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
3. AvZ¥ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ w`bwjwc msi¶Y GKwU DËg c_ wb‡`©kK- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
68

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Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

wk¶‡Yi Rb¨ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Zvrch© e¨vL¨v, AvPiY I

Avmyb, †`wL wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS|

 wk¶‡Y e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©- K: wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¨ e¨eüZ kã¸‡jv wPwýZKiY

ce©- L: wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv MVb

Ggb GKwU welq nj wk¶KZv|

wk¶KZv †ckvq g~j¨‡eva Gi Dc¯’vcb wb‡gœv³fv‡e Kiv m¤¢e:

ce©- M: e¨w³i `„wófw½ I AvPiY Dbœq‡b wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve

 `j MV‡b ‡kªYxi mKj wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki `„wófw½ †Kgb wQj?

 wk¶‡Ki G AvPiY wK cÖZ¨vwkZ? †Kb?

 †kªwY wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wjLyb|

ce©- N: wk¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva wba©viY

µwgK bs wee„wZ MyiyZ¡

µwgK bs wee„wZ MyiyZ¡

g~j wkLbxq welq

wk¶‡Y wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai msÁv I Zvrch©

 wk¶K‡`i m¤§vb Kiv

 mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva: †kÖYwk¶‡Y AskMªnYg~jK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨

wk¶‡Ki AvPiY I cÖeYZvi wek¦vm Ges g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve

AvPiY I cÖeYZvq g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖfve:

KwgDwbwU MV‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶‡Y wek¦v‡mi cÖ‡qvM:

wk¶Y-wkLb cÖwµqvq wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vmmg~n:

wk¶Y-wkLb msµvš— Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva:

 iywPm¤§Z †cvkvK-AvkvK, gvwR©Z, AvPiY, kvjxbZv‡eva I PwiÎ wk¶v_x©‡`i wbKU

m¤¢ve¨ DË‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z

wk¶K `yBwU KvR Ki‡jb:

myZivs wk¶‡Ki mwVK f~wgKv cvj‡b wZwb cy‡ivcywi e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|

gva¨wgK wk¶vµ‡gi bxwZ I j¶¨

ce©- K: gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨

 G ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©xiv AvMvgx w`‡bi bvMwiK|

 AwaKvskB D”Pwk¶v MÖnY †_‡K weiZ _v‡K|

ce©- L: gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n

1| wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ e¯‘-wbi‡c¶ Ges e¨envwiK †¶‡Î wewfbœ cUf~wg‡Z AbymÜvbg~jK

ce©- M: D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kvh©vewj‡Z wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I

ce©- N: wk¶‡Ki cÖeYZv I AvPiYaviv wbqš¿Y Kivi Dcvq

wb‡Pi wee„wZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ w`b|

µwgK wee„wZ mg_©b

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