1

PEPSI: Case Study

PEPSI: Case Study

Grisselda Moreno

College of Southern Nevada

 2
PEPSI: Case Study

Biography

My case study subject is female 9 years old in 4th grade. Parental background is mixed the

mother being mixed European American and the father being Hispanic American. The subject is

the oldest of three siblings, two younger sisters and a newborn brother. The family resides in a

high middle-class neighborhood. The subject has a very social life involved with girl scouts,

ballet, and other activities with her community centers. She is a girly girl, likes glitter, favorite

color is pink, enjoys doing her hair , and plays with makeup. She is light skin, has blonde

medium hair, blue eyes, is average height, slim petite body frame, and always smiling. Her

groups of friends very diverse including minority groups, with different cultures and language.

She is friendly, smart, catches on things quick, and at times a bit sassy. She is starting to develop

a more complex personality as she grows into own herself.

Physical

Physically my subject is small petite body frame, average height compared to her peers.

Body still of a child no visible body maturity changes happening most likely to be a late

bloomer. Length of arms and legs are noticeably long of the body frame. Fair eye sight but

needing glasses for reading and short distance blurriness. Subject is in good health, the usual

cold due temperature drop. Most if not all baby teeth have fallen out and replaced with more

mature strong teeth. An average child this age becomes increasingly skilled with sports like:

soccer, tennis, softball, etc. (Queensland, 2003). Being able to swim, showing body awareness,

physical skills, and appearance to other com into play at this age (Queensland, 2003). This child
 3
PEPSI: Case Study

is just not yet participating in any sports and is noticing appearance in clothing and makeup.

Plenty of fruits and vegetables in meals should be given at this age, high solids in fats, sugar,

salt, and fast foods should highly limited (CDC, 2018). Computers, T.V. or any screen time

should be limited to no more than 1 or 2 hours (CDC, 2018). Many changes start occurring at

this age like puberty for most kids, body image issues may arise, growth spurts (Morin, 2018).

Children begin to have stronger muscles and developing muscle control allowing for expansion

of physical limits or skills (Morin, 2018). My subject is late bloomer on this topic still having a

child like body, body image has yet to seem to faze her, and no issues seem to be showing. She

does seem to trip over herself indicating a growth spurt adjustment is needed. In addition to

motor skills handwriting becomes more fluid, automatic and less of an effort (Queensland,

2003).

Emotional

My subject is maturing faster than her peer due to being the oldest of three siblings. The

parents do hand down some responsibility to look after her siblings and help mom and dad. Yet

my subject has no worries of the real world having both parents to look after her and provide for

her. She is aware of home life, social activities, chores, and requirements needed or expected of

her. She does not hold back regarding her fits, she will speak her mind, and will give her

proposal when she wants something. She does seems get into arguments with friends and at

times may stop talking to them then start talking or make new friends. At this age children grow

desires to be independent from their parents, seek out for more information, begin negotiating

what they want (Anthony-Emotional, n.d.). Feeling start making an appearance not sexual but, a

new emphasis on male friends comes about like “crushes” (Anthony-Emotional, n.d.). Emotion
 4
PEPSI: Case Study

control over anger is visible, emotions grow our to caring for friendship and showing empathy

(Mott, 2018). Mood swing still appear time from time, overcoming fears, but stress may start

appearing instead (Mott, 2018). Children may experience more peer pressure, forming more

complex relationships and have stronger emotions involved (Children’s Neuro. Services, 2018 ).

Typically, more dramatic, demanding, and outgoing emotions will develop at this age therefore

more indirect methods of self-control are required (PBS, 2013). Some children are better able to

handle conflict, capable of taking on a wider range of chores or responsibilities (Morin, 2018).

Children are also becoming more aware of real-world dangers and disasters (Morin, 2018).

Children tend to have their feelings easily hurt, also tend to assume that people who hurt them

“did it on purpose” (Parent Further, 2018).

Philosophical

Being the oldest child, my subject is well aware of right and wrong, what her can and

cannot get away with. For the most part she is honest about everything with her parents yet can

or will try to give a simple white lie from time to time. She can come up with false or partly false

claims to get what she wants. She gets along with her sibling but at time will have the occasional

fights and arguments. She like to be the one in charge, likes to receive praise for her

achievements, and is committed to her responsibilities. She is loyal to her friends, family, and to

everything she does. At this development age behavior is dominated by intellectual curiosity

(McCown, 2015). Learning to win recognition by producing things, encouraged to do well to

receive praise (McCown, 2015). Group loyalty may begin to form and less likely to tattle at this

age to look superior to others (Ellsworth, 1998). The child usually has a fair understanding of

right and wrong by now, jobs and responsibilities are accepted, but the child tends to
 5
PEPSI: Case Study

procrastinate at this age, forgetting to perform agreed upon tasks (Ellsworth, 1998). The concrete

operational period is when children also begins to reason more accurately, applying logic and

reasoning to concrete events at this age (Anthony-Cognitive, n.d.). Children are able to realize

when they are wrong, mentally able to combine separate information, and understand abstract

concepts (Anthony-Cognitive, n.d.). Children tended to tell the truth unless a lie will help to

escape punishment -- and when lying, there is a true awareness (Ellsworth, 1998). Two major

reasoning going on at this age are punishment obedience and instrumental relativist according to

Kohlberg’s stages (McCown, 2015).

Social

Socially this subject is very involved with activities and clubs the parents are involved as

well. She tends to keep her social groups the same for the most part with some small arguments

with friends. She likes to patriciate with people, games, and or social gatherings as well as being

the first to take charge or lead the group. The subject has learned to control her temper or fits

when things don’t go her way or things take a different direction. Hanging out with friends may

begin to be a big deal (WebMD, 2018). Starting to see adults as authority and follow rules out of

respect for authority (Michigan State, n.d.). Possibly becoming demanding or bossy, many can

get competitive, and become argumentative and quarrelsome when they lose (Parent Further,

2018). This age group grow loyal to groups or clubs and approach solving problems with a

negotiating style, compromising with peers (Michigan State, n.d.). Participates in games, values

friends greatly and makes them an increasingly important part of life (PBS, 2013). At this age

they starting to be more careful of his own belongings, will enjoy school and may enjoy

spending the night at a friend's house (Kidspot, 2017). Understanding 'play by the rules', begin
 6
PEPSI: Case Study

to appreciate that people around him may have a different point of view, and capable of forming

sustained friendships begin to form now (Kidspot, 2017). Many will have cell phones and high-

level acuity in social media, this might make them more vulnerable to unwanted influences like

bullying, or inappropriate web content (Morin, 2018). Constant communication is highly valued

they may experience loneliness when their best friend is away, close friendship is good for their

development (Morin, 2018).

Intellectual

My subject is becoming aware future body changes what they mean, where babies come

from, appropriate behavior and language. She understands diversity among people, the

importance of education, and making living by working in a job. The intellectual standard of

children of this age is defined by the school curriculum (Queensland, 2003). The child will

become more sophisticated in understanding the concept of time and engaging the minds of

children this age will help them learn (Parent Further, 2018). These kids have an increased

attention span, but many have interests which change rapidly and are learning to use good

judgment (Michigan State, n.d.). They judge ideas in absolutes, right or wrong not much

tolerance for middle ground and have interests in collections and hobbies (Michigan State, n.d.).

They will make finer, more detailed evaluations of things, notices subtle differences in things

and in emotions (The Center for Parenting Edu., 2018). At this age they willing to attack new

and difficult tasks, better able to reason things out, and love to talk about things (The Center for

Parenting Edu., 2018). They will still complain and gives excuses for not doing tasks, such as

having some sudden physical ailment like their eyes hurting, or stomach (The Center for

Parenting Edu., Children will start make use of their analytical and logical thinking and will
 7
PEPSI: Case Study

pursue their interests with diligence and focus (Morin, 2018). A big is enjoy attending youth

groups, clubs or organized activities which gives them an opportunity to work on a shared goal

while also helping them socialize with new peers (Morin, 2018). Hands on activities are still a

very enjoyable way to have this age group involved (Michigan State, n.d).

Recommendations

My recommendation is to have the subject get more involved in active sports to help

better develop muscle growth and strength. She may be a late bloomer, but for her growth spurt

continuing her body should be moving forward as well. The emotions seem to be on average

compared to other peers her age and seems to be maturing just fine. Her family is growing, and

her expression is developing okay and is getting along with sibling. She is starting to show signs
 8
PEPSI: Case Study

of puberty coming out. Her family does enforce control of dramatic expressions of emotions. The

child’s philosophical development is a little under average but not too badly behind. There isn’t’

much to enhance this development but continue to teach logical thinking and family values

teachings. The child willing continues to learn and absorb such concepts, discipline, and

reasoning over time. The social development is just fine she is very socially active in clubs and

groups meeting new peers from various place and cultures. The family is very involved with

school activities and the progress her interactions with peers in school. She is doing very well,

and the parent may just continue their involvement. Lastly, her intellectual development is

slightly under as said before she is still very young in mind and soul. To help move forward the

child may just need to continue to be exposed to new things. As new hobbies and interest come

about in the child, she will reach her peers. As she receives more responsibilities, grows in

knowledge and she will get better with critical reasoning.

References

Anthony, Michelle. (n.d.). The Cognitive Lives of 8-10 Year Olds. Retrieved from

https://www.scholastic.com/parents/family-life/creativity-and-critical-thinking/development-

milestones/cognitive-development-8-10-year-olds.html

Anthony, Michelle. (n.d.). The Emotional Lives of 8-10 Year Olds. Retrieved from

https://www.verywellfamily.com/9-year-old-developmental-milestones-620731

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, Feb.20). Middle Childhood (9-11 years of

age). Retrieved from

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle2.html
 9
PEPSI: Case Study

Children’s Neuropsychological Services. (2018). Developmental Milestones for 9-11 Year Olds.

Retrieved from http://www.childrensneuropsych.com/parents-guide/milestones/9-11-years/

Ellsworth, J’Anne. (1998). Online Lesson: 'PEPSI' as a Screening Tool. Retrieved from

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/lesson2-1-1.html

Kidspot Parenting. (2017, July 4). 6-9 social and emotional development. Retrieved from

https://www.kidspot.com.au/parenting/child/child-development/6-9-social-and-emotional-

development/news-story/cfbc7d1218da3d524b60e70a0d8d4e20

McCown, Rick & Snowman, Jack. (2015). Psychology Applied to Teaching (14th ed.). Canada:

Nelson Education, Ltd.

Michigan State University. (n.d.). 9-to-11-year-olds:Ages and stages of youth development.

Retrieved from

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/9_to_11_year_olds_ages_and_stages_of_youth_development

Morin, Amy. (2018, Nov. 19). 9-Year-Old Child Development Milestones. Retrieved from

https://www.verywellfamily.com/9-year-old-developmental-milestones-620731

Mott Children’s Hospital. (2018, March 27). Milestones for 9-Year-Olds. Retrieved from

https://www.mottchildren.org/health-library/ue5721

Parent Further. (2018). Ages 6-9:Developmental Overview. Retrieved from

https://www.parentfurther.com/content/ages-6-9-developmental-overview

PBS Parents. (2013). Child Development Tracker. Retrieved from

http://www.pbs.org/parents/childdevelopmenttracker/eight/socialandemotionalgrowth.html
 10
PEPSI: Case Study

The Center for Parenting Education. (2018). Child Development by Age. Retrieved from

https://centerforparentingeducation.org/library-of-articles/child-development/child-development-

by-age/

WebMD. (2018). Your Child at 9: Milestones. Retrieved from

https://www.webmd.com/parenting/guide/child-9-milestones#1

Queensland Government. (2003). Child Development Milestones-9 to 12 years. Retrieved from

https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/427265/28136.pdf