Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Space Frames
Space Frames
BY
B.N.V.ADITYA (12091AA007)
SPACE FRAMES
DEFINITION
A SPACE FRAME OR SPACE STRUCTURE IS A TRUSS-LIKE, LIGHTWEIGHT RIGID
STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED FROM INTERLOCKING STRUTS IN A GEOMETRIC PATTERN.
SPACE FRAMES CAN BE USED TO SPAN LARGE AREAS WITH FEW INTERIOR SUPPORTS.
SPACE FRAME
A THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE.
ASSEMBLED LINEAR ELEMENTS ARE ARRANGED TO TRANSFER THE LOAD.
TAKE A FORM OF A FLAT SURFACE OR CURVED SURFACE.
DESIGNED WITH NO INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS TO CREATE LARGE OPEN AREA.
HISTORY OF SPACE FRAME
SPACE FRAMES WERE INDEPENDENTLY DEVELOPED BY ALEXANDER GRAHAM
BELL AROUND 1900 AND BUCKMINSTER FULLER IN THE 1950S BUCKMINSTER FULLER'S
FOCUS WAS ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES; HIS WORK HAD GREATER INFLUENCE.
IT WAS DEVELOPED IN CALIFORNIA DURING THE 1960S AND INTRODUCED TO THE SOUTH
AFRICAN MARKET IN 1982, SPECIFICALLY DEVELOPED FOR UNSTABLE SOIL CONDITIONS,
THE PANELS FORM A MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE OFFERING SUPERIOR WALL STRENGTH IN
WHICH NO CRACKING WILL OCCUR
DESIGN METHOD
SPACE FRAMES ARE TYPICALLY DESIGNED USING A RIGIDITY MATRIX. THE SPECIAL
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STIFFNESS MATRIX IN AN ARCHITECTURAL SPACE FRAME IS
THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE ANGULAR FACTORS.
IF THE JOINTS ARE SUFFICIENTLY RIGID, THE ANGULAR DEFLECTIONS CAN BE
NEGLECTED, SIMPLIFYING THE CALCULATIONS.
MATERIALS
STEEL:
THIS STEEL MATERIAL WHICH IS USED FOR THE SPACE FRAMES SUSTAIN
MORE LOAD AND CARRY TONES OF WEIGHT.
THIS STEEL IS MOSTLY USED IN NOW-A-DAYS IN A LONG SPAN
STRUCTURES AND HAS TO BE MAINTAINED PROPERY.
TIMBER:
THIS TIMBER MATERIAL IS ALSO USED IN THE 19th CENTURY AND BY
USING THIS MATERIAL THE MAINTANIANCE LEVEL IS BECOMING VERY
HIGH.
DESIGN METHODS
SPACE FRAMES CAN BE USED TO SPAN LARGE AREAS WITH FEW INTERIOR SUPPORTS.
LIKE THE TRUSS, A SPACE FRAME IS STRONG BECAUSE OF THE INHERENT RIGIDITY OF
THE TRIANGLE; FLEXING LOADS (BENDING MOMENTS) ARE TRANSMITTED
AS TENSION AND COMPRESSION LOADS ALONG THE LENGTH OF EACH STRUT.
STRUCTURAL BACKGROUND
1. Curvature classification
Space plane covers
Barrel vaults
Spherical domes
CURVATURE CLASSIFICATION
1. SPACE PLANE COVERS:
SPATIAL STRUCTURES COMPOSED OF PLANAR SUBSTRUCTURES.
DEFLECTIONS IN THE PLANE ARE CHANNELED THROUGH THE HORIZONTAL BARS
AND THE SHEAR FORCES ARE SUPPORTED BY THE DIAGONALS.
TYPES OF SPACEFRAME
CURVATURE CLASSIFICATION
2. BARREL VAULTS:
HAS A CROSS SECTION OF A SIMPLE ARCH.
USUALLY THIS TYPE OF SPACE FRAME DOES NOT NEED TO USE TETRAHEDRAL
MODULES OR PYRAMIDS AS A PART OF ITS BACKING.
TYPES OF SPACEFRAME
CURVATURE CLASSIFICATION
3. SPHERICAL DOMES:
REQUIRE THE USE OF TETRAHEDRAL MODULES OR PYRAMIDS AND ADDITIONAL
SUPPORT FROM A SKIN.
TYPES OF SPACEFRAME
1. Nodus connector:
IT CAN ACCEPT BOTH RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS AND THAT THE
CLADDING CAN BE FIXED DIRECTLY TO THE CHORDS.
CHORD CONNECTORS HAVE TO BE WELDED TO THE ENDS OF THE HOLLOW MEMBERS
ON SITE.
TYPES OF TUBES
TYPES OF TUBES
1. Triodetic connector:
Consists of a hub, usually an aluminium extrusion, with slots or key ways.
TYPES OF TUBES
End of the circular hollow section member to be connected is fitted at its ends by welding
Connection from inside the cup is done using bolt and nut.
TYPES OF TUBES
TYPES OF TUBES
Light.
Elegant & Economical.
Carry load by three dimensional action.
High Inherent Stiffness.
Easy to construct.
Save Construction Time & Cost.
Services (such as lighting and air conditioning) can be integrated with space
frames.
Offer the architect unrestricted freedom in locating supports and planning the
subdivision of the covered space.
Durable materials & protective finishes.
Construction is simple, safe and fast.
No Site Painting or Welding.
DISADVANTAGES