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Josh Magazine Ratio and Propo 1
Josh Magazine Ratio and Propo 1
Josh Magazine Ratio and Propo 1
Introduction: The concepts of Ratio and Proportion are very useful to solve
questions of different topics. In this Unit we will learn the concepts of the topic
and solve few questions.
In a ratio a : b, a and b are the terms of the ratio; ‘a’ is called the antecedent and
‘b’ is called the consequent.
The word ‘antecedent’ literally means ‘that which goes before’ and the word
consequent literally means ‘that which goes after’.
2 : 3, 3 : 4 and 7 : 11
2 × 3 ×7 7
Solution: the required ratio is = = .
3 ×4 ×11 22
When the ratio a : b is compounded with itself twice, the resulting ratio is a 3 : b3, it
is called the triplicate of a : b.
2
RATIO AND PROPORTION
a⅓ : b⅓ is called subtriplicate of a : b.
1 1
Inverse Ratio: If a : b is a given ratio, then ∶ or b : a is called its inverse ratio or
a b
reciprocal ratio.
If the antecedent (a) = the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of equality,
such as 2 : 2.
If the antecedent (a) > the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of greater
inequality, such as 3 : 2.
If the antecedent (a) < the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of less
inequality, such as 2 : 3.
a c
Proportion: A proportion expresses the equality of two ratios. E.g. =
b d
or a : b = c : d or a : b :: c : d.
In a proportion in the form of a : b :: c : d the first and the last terms are called the
extremes and the second and the third terms or the middle terms are called as the
mean terms. When four quantities are in proportion, we can write it in the
a c
mathematical form as a : b :: c : d = ad = bc
b d
3
RATIO AND PROPORTION
Example: In 2 : 3 :: 6 : 9
2 × 9 = 3 × 6.
4
RATIO AND PROPORTION
SOLVED EXAMPLES
5
RATIO AND PROPORTION
SOLUTIONS:-
1.
4 6 15
a) We have = ⇒ 4x = 6 × 5. Therefore x = .
5 x 2
11 x
b) We have = ⇒ 11 × 26 = 13 × x. Therefore x = 22.
13 26
2 4
c) We have = ⇒ 2 × 10 = 4x. Therefore x = 5.
x 10
x 9
d) We have = ⇒ x × 27 = 9 × 9. Therefore x = 3.
9 27
2.
4×5×2×6 16
a) The required ratio is = .
5×7×3×7 49
11 × 5 × 13 × 7
b) The required ratio is = 1.
13 × 7 × 5 × 11
4×5×2×3 3
c) The required ratio is = .
7×8×5×4 28
7×3×5×2 5
d) The required ratio is = .
9×4×7×3 18