SMA3043 ELEMENTARY NUMBER THEORY

SEMESTER 2 2020/2021

THE THEORY OF CONGRUENCE

PART 3
PROF. MADYA DR ROHAIDAH MASRI
Linear Congruences

Definition (Linear Congruence)

Example.

x0 = 3 is the solution of equation 3x  9 (mod 12).

Where,
equation 3x  9 (mod 12) is called a linear congruence.

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Linear Congruences

Notes:

Example.

x = 3 and x = -9 both satisfy 3x  9 (mod 12) .

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Linear Congruences
Incongruent Solutions

Theorem 8

Example.

Let 18x  30 (mod 42) and let 6 = gcd(18,42).

18x  30 (mod 42) has solution since 6 | 30.

Then,
it has 6 mutually incongruent solutions modulo 42.

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Linear Congruences
Incongruent Solutions

Notes:

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Linear Congruences
Incongruent Solutions

Notes:

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Linear Congruences
Unique Solutions

Corollary 6.

Proof.

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Linear Congruences
Unique Solutions

Example.

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Linear Congruences
Incongruent Solutions

Example.

By inspection, can be seen one of solution to be x = 4. Then

The genaral solution is:

The six incongruent solutions are : 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, 39 mod 42

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Systems of Linear Congruences

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Systems of Linear Congruences

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Systems of Linear Congruences

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Solving Systems of Linear Congruences

Example.

Solution.

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 Solving Systems of Linear Congruences

Solution. (cont.)

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 Solving Systems of Linear Congruences

Solution. (cont.)

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Chinese Remainder Theorem

Theorem 9 (Chinese Remainder Theorem)

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Chinese Remainder Theorem
Notes.

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 Chinese Remainder Theorem

Example.

Solve

Solution.

Then,

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Chinese Remainder Theorem

Example.

Solution.

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