Experiment No.

02

Name of the Experiment: Construction of Phase diagram of Natural gas

Introduction:

A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type

of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which
thermodynamically distinct phases occur and coexist at equilibrium. Common components of a
phase diagram are lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries, which refer to lines that mark
conditions under which multiple phases can coexist at equilibrium. Phase transitions occur along
lines of equilibrium. The simplest phase diagrams are pressure–temperature diagrams of a single
simple substance, such as water. The axes correspond to the pressure and temperature. The phase
diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries
between the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas.

Theory:

Phase Diagram basically can be of 2 types- 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional. There are different
regions in a phase diagram. Such as

Critical Point:  A point of a phase diagram at which Temperature and Pressure Condition a
substance can exist at all 3 state (i.e. Solid, Liquid, Gas).

Cricondenbar: Cricondenbar is the maximum pressure above which no gas can be formed
regardless of the temperature. The corresponding temperature is called cricondenbar temperature.

Cricondentherm: Cricondentherm is the maximum temperature above which liquid cannot be

formed regardless of the pressure. The corresponding pressure is called cricondentherm pressure.

Bubble Point: The bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of
vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components.

Dew Point: The hydrocarbon dew point is the temperature (at a given pressure) at which

the hydrocarbon components of any hydrocarbon-rich gas mixture, such as natural gas, will start
to condense out of the gaseous phase. It is often also referred to as the HDP or the HCDP.
 Figure-1: Sample phase diagram

Data Table and Constructed Graphs:

Table-1: Wet Gas Components

Com MOL% Wt% MW SG

CO2 1.41
N2 0.25
C1 92.46
C2 3.18
C3 1.01
IC4 0.28
NC4 0.24
IC5 0.13
NC5 0.08
C6 0.14
C7+ 0.82 130 0.763
 Fig-2: Phase diagram of wet gas

This plot shows the red line as Dew Line and the green line as Bubble Line.

Critical point temperature: 47.16 F

0

Critical point pressure: 2819.80 psia

Cricondentherm: 203.76 F0

Cricondenbar: 2819.80 psia

Table-2: Dry Gas Components

Com MOL% Wt% MW SG

CO2 0.1
N2 2.07
C1 86.12
C2 5.91
C3 3.58
IC4 1.72
NC4 0
IC5 0.5
NC5 0
C6 0
C7+ 0 130 0.763
 Fig-3: Phase diagram of dry gas

Table-2: Gas Condensate Components

Com MOL% Wt% MW SG

CO2 2.37
N2 0.31
C1 73.19
C2 7.8
C3 3.55
IC4 0.71
NC4 1.45
IC5 0.64
NC5 0.68
C6 1.09
C7+ 8.21 184 0.816
 Fig-4: Phase diagram of gas condensate

Conclusion:

In petroleum engineering system, PVT diagram has very important role as it gives an idea about
the phase of the liquid in the reservoir. Thus we can decide or modify the production system and
other considerations. Beside at different pressure and temperature what, what will be the fluid
phase i.e., liquid/gas/vapor or co-existing of three phase, can also be determined from this PVT
diagram.