.

LCD

The LCD digital display that is based on

A.Radiation of light
B.Reflection of light
C.Emission of light
D.Transmission of light

The typical value of thickness of liquid layer of LCD's is

...... mm
A.0.22
B.2.2
C.0.025
D.0.035

. Which of the following liquid crystal layers are used in

LCD's
A.Heavy water
B.Nematic
C.Hydrosulphuric acid
D.Hydrochloric acid

The contrast of liquid crystal display (LCD)

A.Will increase if the back plate is more reflective
B.Will decrease if the back plate is more reflective
C.Will increase if the back plate is less reflective
D.Will decrease if the back plate is less reflective
. Which of the following consumes less power?
A.Incandescent lamp
B.LCD
C.Fluorescent tube
D.LED

By which properties, the orientation of molecules in a

layer of liquid crystals can be changed?
A Electric field
B Gallois field
C Electromagnetic field
D Magnetic field

The direction of electric field in an LCD is determined by

___________
A Quantum Cellular Automata
B Crystalline surface structure
C Molecular Orbital Theory
D the molecule’s chemical structure

LCDs operate from a frequency ranges from

___________
A 30Hz to 60Hz
B 50Hz to 70Hz
C 10Hz to 60Hz
D None of these
What is backplane in LCD?
A For adjusting the intensity of the LCD
B The dc voltage applied between segment and a
common element
C The amount of power consumed
D The ac voltage applied between segment and a
common element

The reverse bias in the semiconducting devices will

A Make the potential barrier zero
B Not affect the potential barrier
C Decrease the potential barrier
D Increase the potential barrier

MOSFET is
A A voltage-driven device
B A power driven device
C A low input impedance
D A current-driven device

What does the availability of LCD in 16 x 2 typical value

indicate ?
a. 16 lines per character with 2 such lines
b. 16 characters per line with 2 such lines
c. 16 pixels per line with 2 such sets
d. 16 lines per pixel with two such sets
 Which control line/s act/s as an initiator by apprising
LCD about the inception of data transmission by the
microcontroller?
a. Enable (EN)
b. Register Select (RS)
c. Read/Write (RW)
d. All of the above

The display operations in LCD are undertaken on EN

line with ______
a. 0 to 1 transitions
b. 1 to 0 transitions
c. both a & b
d. none of the above

When can a LCD display the text form of data ?

a. only when RS line is high
b. only when RW line is high
c. only when RS line is low
d. only when RW line is low

How does the instruction execute for read command

'Get LCD Status' in LCD ?
a. By allowing EN line to go from low to high
b. By allowing EN line to go from high to low
c. By maintaining EN line to be stable
d. None of the above
Match the HEX codes of LCD with their associated
functions
A. 10H --------- 1) Shifting of cursor position to right
B. 14H --------- 2) Shifting of cursor position to left
C. 18H --------- 3) 2 lines & 5 x 7 character font
D. 38H --------- 4) Shifting of an entire display to the left

a. A-4,B–1,C-2,D-3
b. A-3,B–2,C-1,D-4
c. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3
d. A-1,B–2,C-3,D-4

How much delay is necessarily provided after the

power-on-reset condition in order to overcome the
predicaments related to valid power supply levels
assigned to microcontroller and LCD ?
a. 10 ms
b. 12 ms
c. 15 ms
d. 25 ms

On which factors do the delay between two characters

depend for display purposes in LCD?
a. clock frequency
b. display module
c. both a & b
d. none of the above
How many data lines are essential in addition to RS , EN
and RW control lines for interfacing LCD with Atmel
89C51 microcontroller?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 8
d. 10

Which is the an alternative mechanism of preventing

the software to be dependent on several delay factors
along with an optimum time proficiency of checking LCD
status at the interfacing level?
a. Polling of DB7 bit of the data bus
b. Updating the faster display in less time
c. Generalization of clock frequency and display module
d. All of the above

LED
The colour of emitted light from LED depends on

A.Construction of LED, that is physical dimensions

B.Number of available carriers

C.Type of semiconductor material used

 D.Number of recombinations taking place

The advantage of LED is

A.Long life

B.Fast on-off switching

C.Low operating voltage

D.All of the above

The typical value of power consumption of LED is

A.Around 10 mW
B.In between 15 mW and 20 mW
C.In between 30 mW and 40 mW
D.In between 35 mW and 50 mW

When forward biased, LED emits light because of

A.Recombination of carriers
B.Light generated in breaking the covalent bonds
C.Light produced by collisions
D.All of the above reasons

The LEDs made with GaAs emit light in the

A.Yellow region
B.Infrared region
C.Orange region
 D.Red visible region

Light emitting diodes emits light when it is

in______________

(a) forward biased

b) reverse biased
c) zero biasing
d) infinite biasing

In LED's light energy is emitted when_________

a) electrons falls from conduction band into holes is

valence band
b) electrons falls from valence band into holes is
conduction band
c)electrons and holes recombine in forbidden energy
gap
(d) both 'b' and 'c'

The nature of light emitted by LEDs depends upon

a) nature of material used in LEDs

b) the difference in energy levels of material used
c) both 'a' and 'b
d) neither'a' nor 'b'
Limiting resistance(R) is used in LED for_______

a) controlling current flowing through LED

b) controlling colour of emitted light
c) both'a' and 'b
d) neither a nor b

LEDs of GaAs and GaAsP releases energy

in_________

a) infra-red and visible region respectivelyy

b) visible and infra-red region respectively
c) visible and ultra-violet region respectively
d) ultra-violet and infra-red region respectively

LEDs are most popularly used because_________

a) it operates at high voltages
b) its power consumption is less
c)it is cheap and easy to handle
d) both 'b' and 'c'

LEDs are used in______

a) visual display
b) decorative lamps in photo frame
c) both 'a' and 'b'
d) neither 'a' nor 'b'

What is full form of LED ?

(a) Low Emitting Diode
(b) Light Emitting Diode
(c) Light Emitting Data
(d) Light Encounter Diode

A light emitting diode is_________

(a) Heavily doped
(b) Lightly doped
(c) Intrinsic semiconductor
(d) Zener diode

Which of the following is not a characteristic of LED?

(a) Fast action

(b) High Warm-up time
(c) Low operational voltage
(d) Long life

Which of the following materials can be used to produce

infrared LED?
(a) Si
(b) GaAs
(c) CdS
(d) PbS

The LEDs made with GaAs emit light in the_________

(a) Yellow region
(b) Infrared region
(c) Orange region
(d) Red visible region

What should be the band gap of the semiconductors to

be used as LED?
(a) 0.5 eV
(b) 1 eV
(c) 1.5 eV
(d) 1.8 eV

What is the bandwidth of the emitted light in an LED?

(a) 1 nm to 10 nm
(b) 10 nm to 50 nm
(c) 50 nm to 100 nm
(d) 100 nm to 500 nm

The current in a circuit is 45mA. This is:

A 0.045Amp
B 0.00045A
C 0.0045A
D 0.45A
Intrinsically _________________ are a very linear
device.
A Injection lasers
B DH lasers
C Gain-guided
D LEDs
The internal quantum efficiency of LEDs decreasing
_______________ with ________________
temperature.
A Exponentially, decreasing
B Exponentially, increasing
C Linearly, increasing
D Linearly, decreasing

To utilize _____________________ of SLDs at elevated

temperatures, the use of thermoelectric coolers is
important.
A Low-internal efficiency
B High-internal efficiency
C High-power potential
D Low-power potential

For particular materials with smaller bandgap energies

operating in _____________ wavelength, the linewidth
tends to ______________
A 2.1 to 2.75 μm, increase
B 1.1 to 1.7 μm, increase
C 2.1 to 3.6 μm, decrease
D 3.5 to 6 μm, decrease

4 resistors in ascending order are:

A 22R 270k 2k2 1M
B 4k7 10k 47R 330k
C 3R3 4R7 22R 5k6
D 100R 10k 1M 3k3
Name the three leads of a common transistor
A Collector Bias Omitter
B Base Collector Case
C Emitter Collector Bias
D Collector Base Emitter

A red-red-red-gold resistor in series with an

orange-orange-orange-gold resistor produces:
A 5k5
B 35,200 ohms
C 55k
D None of the above

What is 1,000p?
A 0.01n
B 0.0001u
C 0.1n
D 1n

A 100n capacitor can be expressed as:

A 0.1u u = microfarad
B 0.01u
C 0.001u
D All the above

If a 10k resistor is placed across a 10v supply, the

current will be:
A 10mA
B 1mA
C 0.01mA
D 0.1mA

A CRO is a
A Cathode Ray Oscillator
B Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
C Capacitor-Resistor Oscillator
D Capacitor-Resistor Output

The tolerance bands: gold; silver; brown, represent:

A 10%, 5%, 1%
B 5%, 10%, 2%
C 5%, 10%, 1%
D 10%, 5%, 2%

The number "104" on a capacitor indicates:

A 0.1u
B 100n
C 1n
D A & B (Both)

The current requirement of a LED is:

A 1.7mA
B 25mA
C Between 3 and 35mA
D 65mA

Arrange these in ascending order: n, p, u

A p, u, n,
B n, u, p
C p, n, u
D None of these

223 on a capacitor represents:

A 0.022u u = microfarad
B 22n n = nanofarad
C 22,000p p = picofarad
D All of the above

1,200mV is equal to:

A 12v
B 1.2v
C 0.12v
D 0.0012v

1mA is equal to:

A 0.001A
B 0.00001A
C 0.01A
D 0.1A

The current in a circuit is 45mA. This is:

A 0.045Amp
B 0.00045A
C 0.0045A
D 0.45A
 To obtain a higher value of resistance, resistors are
connected in:
A Reverse
B Forward
C Parallel
D Series

A 10k resistor in parallel with 10k produces:

A 10k
B 5k
C 20k
D Cannot be determined

A 100n capacitor in parallel with 10n produces:

A 90n
B 100n
C 110n
D Cannot be determined

The InGaAsP is emitting LEDs are realized in terms of

restricted
A Length strip geometry
B Radiance
C Current spreading
D Coupled optical power

The active layer of E-LED is heavily doped with

A Zn
B Eu
C Cu
D Sn

Connecting a lead from the negative to the positive of a

battery will produce:
A A high resistance circuit
B A short circuit
C A low current path
D An open circuit

What is the approximate characteristic voltage that

develops across a red LED?
A 1.7v
B 3.4v
C 0.6v
D All the above

If two resistors are placed in series, is the final

resistance:
A Higher
B Lower
C The same
D Cannot be determined

If the voltage on the base of a transistor increases, does

it:
A Turn on
B Turn off
C Not enough information
D Remain the same

If a small value of capacitance is connected in parallel

with a large value, the combined capacitance will be:
A The same
B Higher
C Lower
D All above

Which is not a "common" value of resistance?

A 2k7
B 1M8
C 330R
D 4k4

A resistor with colour bands: red-red-red-gold, has the

value:
A 22k 5%
B 2k2 5%
C 220R 5%
D 22R 5%

Mesa structured SLEDs are used

A To reduce radiance
B To increase radiance
C To reduce current spreading
D To increase current spreading
 The overall power conversion efficiency of electrical
lens coupled LED is 0.8% and power applied 0.0375 V.
Determine optical power launched into fiber
A 0.03
B 0.05
C 0.3
D All of the above

Internal absorption in DH surface emitter Burros type

LEDs is
A Cannot be determined
B Negligible
C High
D Very low

DH surface emitter generally give

A More coupled optical power
B Less coupled optical power
C Low current densities
D Low radiance emission into-fiber

In a multimode fiber, much of light coupled in the fiber

from an LED is
A Increased
B Reduced
C Lost
D Unaffected
In optical fiber communication, the electrical signal
dropping to half its constant value due to modulated
portion of optical signal corresponds to _______
A 6 dB
B 3 dB
C 4 dB
D 5 db

In surface emitter LEDs, more advantage can be

obtained by using
A BH structures
B QC structures
C DH structures
D Gain-guided structure

As compared to planar LED structure, Dome LEDs have

_higher________ External power efficiency,
_greater_____ effective emission area and
_reduce________ radiance.
A Greater, lesser, reduced
B Higher, greater, reduced
C Higher, lesser, increased
D All the above

The amount of radiance in planer type of LED structures

is
A Low
B High
C Zero
D Cannot be determined

In optical fiber communication, ______________ major

types of LED structures are used
A2
B4
C6
D3

What is/are the consequences of driving the LED in the

form of an output function?

a. Pin sources the current when made low without

glowing LED
b. Pin sinks the current when made high without glowing
LED
c. Pin sources the current when made high by glowing
LED
d. Pin sinks the current when made low by glowing
LED

2. What is the possible range of current limiting resistor

essential for lightening the LED in certain applications
after pressing the push-button?

a. 25- 55 Ω
b. 55-110 Ω
c. 110-220 Ω
d. 220- 330 Ω

Which among the below given assertions exhibits the

dependency of LED status over them, especially for LED
and pushbutton connection?

a. Closure of pushbutton
b. Low Output pin driven by microcontroller
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

7 segment

Individual segments in seven segment display are coded

randomly
clockwise
anti clockwise
7 to 0

The LED seven-segment display uses seven individual

light emitting diodes
light restoring diodes
capacitors
inductors

The individual segments are coded

a,b,c,d
a,b,c,d,e
a,b,c,d,e,f,g
a,a,a,c,d,e,f

Most seven-segment displays are driven with an

encoder that converts a binary encoded nibble into a

binary number
numeric number
octal number
hexadecimal number

The input bits 0-7 are represented by

eight linear expression
seven linear expression
eight Boolean expression
seven Boolean expression

What is the purpose of blanking (BI) associated with the

7-segment display operations?
A. To turn ON the display
B. To turn OFF the display
C. To pulse modulate the brightness of display
D. To pulse modulate the lightness of display
a. B & C
b. A & D
c. A & B
d. C & D

How are the port pins of microcontroller are calculated

for time-multiplexing types of display?
a. 4 + number of digits to be displayed
b. 4 raised to the number of digits to be displayed
c. 4 – number of digits to be dispalyed
d. 4 x number of digits to be displayed

What does the RAM location at 44H indicates about the

seven segment code?
a. 7-segment code for the third character
b. 7-segment code for the fourth character
c. Display of select code for third display
d. Display of select code for fourth display

Seven segment display usually occur in _______ types

Common anode
Common Cathode
Both a & b
None of the above
Relay

. Who invented electrical relay?

a) Grueblerowen
b) Joseph Henry
c) Philip Vaughan
d) Robert Abalakov
Answer:b
Which electrical relay contact tip material has the
highest electrical conductivity?
a) Silver
b) Alloy of silver and copper
c) Alloy of silver and tungsten
d) Alloy of silver and Nickel
Answer:a

Which type of relay can be used to automatically switch

between transmitter and receiver configuration from a
same antenna setup?
a) Mercury relay
b) Latching relay
c) Force-guided contacts relay
d) Coaxial relay
Answer:d

Solid state relays face high arching problems.

a) True
b) False
Answer:b
Solid state relays have only one moving part which
helps in switching between “ON” and “OFF” position.
a) True
b) False
Answer:b

Which type of snubber network is required at the output

terminal of the solid state relays to protect the
semiconductor from transient spikes and unwanted
noises?
a) RC (Resistor capacitor) type
b) RL (Resistor inductor) type
c) RLC (Resistor inductor capacitor) type
d) LC (Inductor capacitor) type
Answer:a

Which type of solid state relay turns “ON” when a

minimum operating control voltage is applied and the
load voltage nearly reaches zero?
a) Instant ON Relays
b) Zero-Switching Relays
c) Peak Switching Relays
d) Analog Switching Relays
View Answer:b

Who developed the first Solid state relay?

a) Grueblerowen
b) Walcraft engineers
c) Crydom engineers
d) Robert Conrad
Answer:c

Which is an example of relay?

a) KSD9700
b) XMPA06B2131
c) SLB700A/06VA
d) 792XDXM4L-24A
View Answer:d
A good electrical relay contact tip should have higher arc
resistance.
a) True
b) False
Answer:a

Relay and contactors perform different physical

operation.
a) True
b) False
Answer:b

Relay and contactors perform different physical

operation.
a) True
b) False
Answer:a
Which electrical relay contact tip material has the
highest thermal conductivity?
a) Silver
b) Alloy of silver and copper
c) Alloy of silver and tungsten
d) Alloy of silver and Nickel
Answer:a

Which type of relay contains a glass tube which contains

an inert gas which is used to protect the contacts from
corrosion?
a) Polarised relay
b) Solid-state relay
c) Contactor
d) Reed relay
Answer:d

Protective relays can be

designed to respond to

A. Light intensity

B. Temperature

C. Resistance, reactance or impedance

D. All of the above

Answer
D. All of the above

2. Protective relays are the devices that detect

abnormal conditions in electrical circuits by measuring

A. Voltage

B. Current

C. Constantly the electrical quantities which differ

during normal and abnormal conditions

D. Note the above

Answer
C. Constantly the electrical quantities which differ during
normal and abnormal conditions

3. The protective relays is provided to

A. Provide additional safety to the circuit breaker in its

operation
 B. Close the contacts when the actuating quantity
attains a certain predetermined value

C. Limit the arcing current during the circuit breaker

operation

D. Earth any stray voltage

Answer
B. Close the contacts when the actuating quantity
attains a certain predetermined value

4. For the protection of a very long extra high-voltage

lines, the productive relay used is

A. Over currently with extremely inverse

characteristics

B. Percentage differential relay

C. Reactance type distance relay

D. Mho type distance relay

Answer
D. Mho type distance relay
5. Burden of a protective relay is the power

A. Required to operate the circuit breaker

B. Absorbed by the circuit of relay

C. Developed by the relay circuit

D. None of the above

Answer
B. Absorbed by the circuit of relay

1.A single phasing relay can be used with

a) 1ɸ motor
b) 2r ɸ motor
c) 3 ɸ motor
d) All of these

Ans: (c)

2. A relay is used to
a) Break the fault current
b) Sense the fault
c) Sense the fault and direct to trip the circuit breaker
d) All of these

Ans: (c)

3. In impedance relay, current element torque should be

a) Equal to voltage element torque

b) Greater than voltage element torque
c) Less than voltage element torque
d) None of these

Ans: (a)

4. Over current fault is most likely in

a) Transformer
b) Overhead line equipment
c) Alternator
d) Motors

Ans: (b)

5. Plug setting of a relay can be changed by changing

a) Air gap
b) Back up stop
c) Number of ampere turns
d) All of these

Ans: (c)
6. Distance relays are generally

a) Impedance type
b) MHO type
c) Reactance type
d) All of these

Ans: (b)

7. Buchholz relay is used to protect against

a) Inter-turn fault
b) External faults
c) Rotor faults
d) Every internal faults

Ans: (d)

8. Instantaneous relay should operate within

a) 0.0001 sec
b) 0.001 sec
c) 0.01 sec
d) 0.1 sec

Ans: (c)
 . MHO relay is inherently a
a) Directional type
b) Non-directional type
c) Unidirectional type
d) None of these

Ans: (a)

. Basic relay connection requirement is that the relay

must operate for
a) Load
b) Internal faults
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

Ans: (b)

. What is the purpose of back up protection?

a. To increase the speed

b. To increase the reach
c. To leave no blind spot
d. To guard against failure of primary
ANSWER: d. To guard against failure of primary
What is the actuating quantity for the relays?

a. Magnitude
b. Frequency
c. Phase angle
d. All of these

ANSWER: d. All of these

Protective relays can be designed to respond to

___________

a. Light intensity, impedance

b. Temperature, resistance, reactance
c. Voltage and current
d. All of these

ANSWER: d. All of these

. On what factor does the operating speed of the relay

depend upon?

a. Rate of flux built up

b. Armature core air gap
c. Spring tension
d. All of these
ANSWER: d. All of these
In the above figure, the relay circuit is divided into three
parts. What does the first part consist of?

a. Primary winding of a current CT which is connected in

series with the line to be protected.
b. Secondary of the CT and the operating coil.
c. Tripping circuit.
d. All of these.

ANSWER: a. Primary winding of a current CT which is

connected in series with the line to be protected.

What does the third part consist of?

a. Primary winding of a current CT which is connected in

series with the line to be protected.
b. Secondary of the CT and the operating coil.
c. Tripping circuit.
d. All of these.
ANSWER: c. Tripping circuit.

Which component ensures the safety of the line from

damage?
a. Relay
b. Circuit breaker
c. Bus bar
d. Current transformer

ANSWER: a. Relay

The tripping circuit is__________

a. AC
b. DC
c. Either AC or DC
d. None of these

ANSWER: c. Either AC or DC

Plug setting of a electromagnetic relay can be altered by

varying

a. Number of ampere turns

b. Air gap of magnetic path
c. Adjustable back stop
d. None of these

ANSWER: a. Number of ampere turns

. The most efficient torque producing actuating structure
for the induction type relays is

a. Shaded pole structure

b. Watt hour meter structure
c. Induction cup structure
d. Single induction loop structure

ANSWER: c. Induction cup structure

Sensor

The more correct a senor can measure,

the more ________ it is:

Accurate
Precise
Scaled
Extent
Correct answer: 1. Accurate
What is the smallest change which a
sensor can detect termed
The smallest change which a sensor can
detect is termed:

Accuracy
Precision
Resolution
Scale
Correct answer: 3. Resolution

Touch screen of mobile phone uses:

AFR Sensor
Pellistor
Viscometer
Tactile sensors
Correct answer: 4. Tactile sensors

Touch screen of mobile phone uses tactile

or capacitive touch sensors
The thermistor whose resistance increase
by increasing temperature
The thermistor whose resistance increase
by increasing temperature:

NTC Thermistor
PTC Thermistor
None of these
Any of these
Correct answer: 2. PTC Thermistor

Sound to electrical energy transducer is

called what
Sound to electrical energy transducer:

Microphone
AFR
Tactile sensor
Pellistor
Correct answer: 1. Microphone
Which sensor is used by self-driving
vehicles
Which type of sensor is used to measure
the distance between the vehicle and
other objects in its environment:

Ultrasonic sensor
Tactile sensor
Motion sensor
None of these
Correct answer: 1. Ultrasonic sensor

Self-driving cars are loaded with ultrasonic

sensors that measure the distance
between vehicles and other objects.

Correct statement about Digital Sensors

Which of following is the correct statement
about digital sensors:

Digital sensors provide information on all

possible values within specified limit
Digital sensors are limited to a finite set of
values
Correct answer: 1. Digital sensors provide
information on all possible values within
specified limit

You are driving your car and in the middle

of the road, the engine loses power.
Which of the following is the probable
reason:

PCM is getting incorrect information from

the camshaft position sensor
The ultrasonic sensor of the car is faulty
Both of these
None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

DHT22 sensor is used to sense:

Resistance
Position
Humidity
Correct answer: 4. Humidity

Which Sensor is used for Process

monitoring
Which of the following sensors is
recommended for reliable temperature
measurements in-process monitoring and
control environments:

iwr6843
Rosemount 214C Sensor
DHT11
iwr6843
Correct answer: 2. Rosemount 214C
Sensor

Rosemount(TM) of Emerson