Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 16
1 a i repel b
N S
ii attract
S N
b See Figure 16.3.
2 a i soft
ii hard
b i for example: steel N S

ii for example: soft iron S N

3 stroking with one pole of a permanent magnet

magnets in a square
place in electromagnet connected to d.c. supply
arranged N–S–N–S–N–S–N–S [1]
4 hammer it with attractive forces shown [1]
place in electromagnet connected to a.c. supply
8 a bigger current [1]
5 a See Figure 16.7a. more turns of wire or turns of wire
b See Figure 16.7b. closer together [1]
add an iron core [1]
6 a one of the following:
electromagnet can be switched on and off b (for example) in a scrapyard crane or an
strength can be varied by changing current electromagnetic door bolt [1]
poles can be reversed by reversing current 9 a A soft magnetic material is easy
b one of the following: to magnetise [1]
N and S poles at opposite ends and to demagnetise. [1]
field lines have same pattern A hard magnetic material is difficult to
magnetise and demagnetise. [1]
7 a 2
b A hard material [1]
repel N S attract
because it retains its magnetisation well. [1]
1 N N 3 c A soft material [1]
because its magnetisation can
change easily. [1]

S S
10
attract N S repel
4 N S
N
S
each correct pair of attractive or
repulsive forces [4]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 16 1
 a left-hand end of solenoid N [1] ii attractive force [1]
right-hand end of solenoid S [1]
iii with soft iron core [1]
b lines of force out of N poles and
iv can be switched on and off
into S poles [1]
(or can be stronger) [1]
lines close together at poles, farther
apart elsewhere [1] 12 a can be switched off [1]
similar pattern for both magnet can vary the strength [1]
and solenoid [1] b i 1000 turns
repulsion indicated by distortion
of pattern [1] ii iron

11 a (S) N S N [1] iii 3.0 A [2]

b i
Switch
Switch open
closed
Soft magnetised loses its
iron magnetism
Steel magnetised keeps its [2]
magnetism

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 16 2