1. Preparation of standard hard water 2. standardization of EDTA 3.titration of sample hardwater 4. titration of boiled hardwater Calculation: Let v1 ml of EDTA solution = 50ml standard hard water [SHW] Let v2 ml of EDTA solution= 50ml of sample hard water Let v3 ml of EDTA solution= 50ml of boiled hard water Step- 1: Determination of strength of EDTA 1ml of SHW= 1mg of CaCO3 50ml of SHW = 50mg of CaCO3_____(i) Also, 50ml of SHW = v1 ml of EDTA solution_______(ii) From (i)&(ii) v1 ml of EDTA solution=50 mg of CaCO3 1ml of EDTA solution=50/v1 mg of CaCO3 Step2: Determination of total hardness 50ml sample hard water= v2 ml of EDTA solution______(iii) 1ml of EDTA solution=50/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent v2 ml of EDTA solution=(50×v2)/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent______(iv) from(iii)&(iv) 50ml sample hard water==(50×v2)/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent 1000ml of sample hard water = (50×v2×100)/v1×50 Total hardness= (v2×1000)/v1 mg/l Step3: Determination of permanent hardness: 50ml of boiled hard water= v3 ml of EDTA solution____(v) But 1ml of EDTA solution=50/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent V3 ml of EDTA solution=(50×v3)/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent_____(vi) From(v)&(vi) 50ml of boiled hard water=(50×v3)/v1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent 1000ml of boiled hard water =(50×v3×1000)/v1×50 mg of CaCO3 equivalent = (1000×v3)/v1 Step4: Determination of temporary hardness Temporary hardness= total hardness – permanent hardness = (v2×1000)/v1-(v2×1000)/v1 = 1000(v2-v3)/v1