Permanent Way Manual Part Ill KTR Drainage Works Chapter 18 Chapter 18 Drainage Works Document Hi Description Issue | 0 May,2015 | First Issue Authorised By: Signature: eee : MOHD RAMLI MOHD NOH ___....Bate: Ganeral ManagorPormanon way _¢ 8 HAY 2015 Kerelapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Kuala Lumour @KTNE Rov.0 Page 1 off18.4 18.2 18.3 18.4 185 18.6 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL DRAINAGE IN CUTTINGS. DRAINAGE LINES NEAR EMBANKMENTS. CULVERTS THROUGH EMBANKMENTS DRAINAGE IN STATION YARDS DRAINAGE IN AND ABOVE TUNNELS LIST OF FIGURES. OKTMB Part iit Chapter 18 & eh RD Page 2 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 18.4 18.2 18.2.1 18.244 18.2.1.2 18.2.1.3 18.22 18.2.2.4 18.2.2.2 18.2.23 18.3 18.3.1 183.2 OKTMB GENERAL It is, essential that water drains out of the track easily and flows away quickly without stagnating near the track. On embankments, drainage will be satisfactory if the cess level and the cross slope of the formation are maintained to the specified profile and the ballast is clean. In cuttings and in station yards, a planned drainage system is essential for free and quick flow of water away from the track. This chapter specifies the standards to be adopted for various drainage works. DRAINAGE IN CUTTINGS Catch-water Drains These are provided near the top of the side slopes in a cutting. Such drains are not to be excavated. In lieu, turfed earth bunds (with the gradient along the bund not exceeding 1 in 100) are provided to intercept water, which is likely to flow otherwise into the cutting along the side slopes. If, for any reason, such bunds are not feasible, the drain may be excavated with the approval of the Regional Engineer. However, they shall be lined with masonry or concrete to prevent percolation of water into the slopes. In some cases, it may be easier to cascade the water down into the cutting through drains provided for this purpose and then to get rid of it quickly through side drains. The Regional Engineer shall decide the locations for cascading, Side Drains These are required in cuttings and at locations where the ground level is at cess level Minimum depth is 300mm and with at bottom 225mm. ‘When the velocity of flow in the drain is more than a meter per second, itis good practice to line the side drains unless they are cut in rock. The drain must be given a minimum gradient to enable water to flow away. However, the gradient shall not exceed 1 in 100. Adequate openings shall be provided under level ‘crossings and similar obstructions. Minimum side slope of the drain shall be 1 (horizontal) to 2 (vertical) DRAINAGE LINES NEAR EMBANKMENTS: Water courses adjacent to railway embankments threaten the stability of such embankments. In order to prevent borrow pits forming such water courses, each pit shall not be more than 30m long. They shall be well separated from the toe of the bank (at least 3m) and from the next pit. They should drain out but not into each other as far as possible Drains carrying discharge from the railway formation should not receive any inflow from adjacent mines, fields or developments and should not be used as irrigation channels Immediate report must be made to the Regional Engineer if there is any discovery of water being discharge into the railway corridor without sanction Rev. 0 Page 3 of 18Pormanont Way Manual Parti KTR Drainage Works Chapter 18 18.3.3 18.4 18.5 18.5.1 185.2 18.5.3 18.5.4 185.5 18.6 18.6.1 Drains which take water away from culverts or from the formation must be continued even beyond the Railway limits, if required, to obtain a proper outfall and efficient drainage. Ideally, they should be so design and constructed as net to silt or scour during service, CULVERTS THROUGH EMBANKMENTS, Accumulation of water alongside a raiway embankment is not desirable. Adequate cross drainage works in the shape of culverts is required to drain such water. At locations where water inevitably accumulates on both sides of the embankment, culverts shall be provided to equalise the levels. DRAINAGE IN STATION YARDS No excavation is to be done below formation level, in station yards, and for 200m beyond at either end. No borrow pits, are, thus, to be formed Each station yard shall be provided with a network of drains. They shall be designed to lead away storm water and to trap and drain away water from carriage watering/washing point, platforms etc. quickly. Unless required due to operational considerations, surface drains are open ones. They shall facilitate ease of inspection and cleaning. The drains shall be saucer shaped. Where velocity of flow is one meter per second or more, drains are lined. Where the sides have to be kept above the cess, weep holes or slits are provided at intervals of 1m in the masonrylconerete side walls. Figures 18.1 to 18.4 illustrate some typical cross-sections of drain in use on Class 1 lines. Record of the designed longitudinal section of the track indicating the rail levels at every 25 meters as well as changes of the track gradients, locations of obligatory points like culverts, bridges, over line structures, tunnels and level crossings should be maintained with respect to the designed invert levels of the drainage system. This is to ensure that proper flow of water is always maintained at all times, In station yards, on run through lines, cross sections shall also be recorded at every 60 meters and plotted taking into account the platform levels with respect to the rail levels. and clearance to underside of overline structures. Drains shall be maintained keeping in view of these longitudinal and cross sectional rail levels, the depth of the ballast cushion and formation levels. DRAINAGE IN AND ABOVE TUNNELS Controlling water infitration is of prime importance to tunnel drainage. Water infiltration is the underlying cause of most deterioration of the tunnel structure and components, Water inftration can occur in all types of tunnel construction. Even tunnels that are designed to be waterproof, can develop leaks and the waterproof lining may deteriorate ‘over time due to chemical or biological agents in the water or from wear and tear caused by tunnel settlement. As ground water flow patterns change over time and drains OKTMB Rev.0 Page 4 of 1818.6.2 18.63 Permanent Way Manual Part Il KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 become clogged with sediment, the water is bound to find its way into the tunnel through joints or structural cracks Itis therefore very important that the existing drainage system that has been designed together with the construction of the tunnels must be regularly inspected and maintained. This includes the drainage inside the tunnels, at tunnel approaches as well as above the tunnels, ‘The PWI together with the Bridge Technician, shall, at least once prior to the wet season and once during the wet season in a year, inspect the water flow surrounding and above the tunnel in order to establish the drainage pattern. All necessary work of cleaning and repair to tunnel drainage shall then be planned to be carried out as soon as practicable to be completed before the start of the wet season. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 18.1(Sheet 1) Sections of Drains Figure 18.1(Sheet 2) Typical Sections of Open Drains in Yards ~ Type A to D Figure 18.1(Sheet 3) Typical Sections of Open Drains in Yards ~ Type E to G Figure 18.2(a) Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Fill at one side) Figure 18.2(b) Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Cut at one side) Figure 18.2(c) Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Retaining Wall Required for Services) Figure18.3(a) Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Fill at Both Sides) Figuret8.3(b) Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Cut at Both Sides) Figure18.4(a)(Sheet 1) Typical Formation and Slope Template at Station Figure18.4(b\'Sheet 2) Typical Double Track Cross-Section at Yard Figure18.4(c)(Sheet 3) Typical Double Track Cross-Section With Loops On One Side Only Figure18.4(d)(Sheet 4) Typical Drainage Layout Arrangement at OCS Area Figure18.4(e)(Sheet 5) Typical Drainage Layout Arrangement at OCS Area ‘OKTME Rev. 0 Page 5 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part Ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 Fig. 18.1 -B Wo 10 SHEET 1 OF 3 ; i Mc concRE SB 100x100 STRUT 10 BE. PLACED AT EVERY oo 18-120 4o-—y-10-200 WEEPHOLES AT 600mm ¢/¢ LOCATION To SUT. Figure 18.1 (Sheet 1) - Sections of Drains “OKTNB Rev. 0 Page 6 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part Ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 Fig. 18. SHEET 2 OF : _ -— fi... Suse 1 W490 to 2 RADE 1 IN 500 TO +N 600 {30028 10 8.0005 SistaRet” 0.008 To 0.007 ences cues TYPE A FER GRADE 1 IN 600 TO 1 IN 700 DISCHARGE 0.018 TO 0.014 ‘eunees IYPE_¢ GRADE 4 IN 700 TO 1 1N 800 SecnaRor obs 70 36 NOTES z= cumecs 1. THE DRAINS MAY ALSO BE ADE, WI! PRECAST SECTONS. LAID ON SUITABLE FOUNDATIONS. TPF_D Figure 18.1 (sheet 2) - Typical Sections of Open Drains in Yards - Type A to D ORTH Fev.0 Page 70118Permanent Way Manual Part Ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 Fig. 18.1 SHEET 3 OF 3 ewe cone 1:5:10 Sone tea ett 75 fC GRADE 1 IN 1000 TO 1 IN 1200 DISCHARGE G.0763 To 0.0149 CUNECS. TYPE G ‘GRADE 1 IN 900 TD 1 IN 1000 DISCHARGE 0.101 TO 0.005 CUMECS. IVPEF Figure 18.1 (sheet 3) - Typical Sections of Open Drains in Yards ~ Type E to G OKTNE 7 Rev. 0 Page 8 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part ill KTM Drainage Works chapter 18 Fig. 18.2 (a) wl Q z Z| =| ez ol = 2G zo) 2a] ul us! S z 2] = 29g 5 oy * = 5 a oO} 8 2 z eo g & gg BS 2c 5% =93 zEg yae e248 2% Se3 gu ge a Zye Sas 8 228 235 Figure 18.2 (a) - Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Fill at one side) OKTNB, Rev. 0 Page 9 of 18Permanent Way Manual KTM Drainage Works ‘OKTWB [ = oF anf rucx oF 1§ cx | i 2.WHERE THERE IS INSUFFICIENT SPACE OR SITE CONSTRAINT 500mm WOULD BE ADEQUATE. 1.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES. NOTE: aT WOW [ Part ill Chapter 18 Fig, 18.2 (b) qj = a 3 ul s ZAIe oe", ales Olja asi 5) a] a TYPICAL Figure 18.2 (b) - Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Cut at one side) Rev. 0 Page 10 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part Il KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 Fig. 18.2 (c) Fig, 18.2 (c) RETAININ 2.WHERE THERE |S INSUFFICIENT SPACE OR SITE CONSTRAINT 500mm WOULD BE ADEQUATE. 1.ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES. NOTE: Figure 18.2 (c) - Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Retaining Wall Required for Services) ©KTMB ~~ Rev.0 "Page 11 of 18Part Ill Chapter 18 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works SLvnO30v_38 GINO woos INIVALSNOD LIS YO 3OVeS INGIOIINSNI SI BIH. 3UaHINZ S3UL3AITIN Ni 38y SNOISNBNIG TWV"L (©) 1 “By BLON IS HIO@ IV Td) ASVNIVSD SNMINIVA 30 NOILDSS SSOYD IVT. Fig. 18.3 (a) Niwa 301: Arvada. iva was2O0S) "XW 4 | 7 0005, “XW 000s “x¥A AuWONNOE WO’ AwWNGE “WOE cos Looer + soos HOWL ISL 4O vowel Ue 40 Figure18.3 (a) - Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Fill at Both Sides) Page 12 of 18 Rev.0 ‘©KTNBPart Ill Chapter 18 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works 18.3 (b) Fig. svonnoa “wow rasa. HonaeP OS; Nivao-A. 301s Wes aL ANIVAISNOD ALIS YO 3OWdS LNG 3d¥ 3a TINO wLIGES I44SNI Si 3H3HL 3NaHiN'Z ‘S3MLANITIIN NI 38 SNOISNSHIG THy"L (9) aL “613 ‘ALON ‘S3gIS_HIO8 I¥_IND. JOVNIVED SNTINIVA JO NOIOSS OND WordAL Nia ios-ans, Niwa “Wos-ens ivan 3a1S"1ve 00s, °x : ozt"| ane |e 0008 NLM SOTO 338) N sre NOLASOUSINI Si fat wit geal Erp tae . (OOEINIM) (oo Nin) coe aw f ‘019-002-105 19. Lowisans as070 ONLBUML 38070- YOR FL YO won PLE 40 aivannoe WOS Figure18.3 (b) - Typical Cross Section of Mainline Drainage (Cut at Both Sides) Page 13 of 18 Ray. 0 ‘©OKTMBPart Ill Chapter 18 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works 18.4 (0) Sheet 1 L yous (0) oe: “614 naan maa NOWVIS IV WV WVLGD eneio nwo oma SLVTEWGLSdOTS ONV NOILVAUOS TWOIGAL (ais wsanos Fig. wag va rrowezan wo du [az MLISNI LSV9_S¥M L43NIND O3LLOIS 3HL-Z AIFS ‘S3ML3WITIN NI-3YV SNOISN3WIO TV'L smears: roc '310N hg q Nive 301 warns serve Nivea 30v0SvO 5 (e209 oau0%s) nea oun ee SSEMVHO NNO aaVA 5 Nivea” GBA veld 10S-Bns ant) 04, wor xd NIVEG-N 3aIStive: Zt ROOF towns weak a CaS nin, so ‘Sane = F eae wu Soe ooo meso BEF coo oe Saye? Gumastwoo aed desupea eon Rev. 0 Page 14 of 18 Figure 18.4 (a) (Sheet 1) - Typical Formation and Slope Template at Station OKTNBPart Ill Chapter 18 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works KTM 18.4 (b) Fig Sheet 2 Nivea BOLASOUBIN, Z yous (4) we “iy avA_IV_NOILoas= GNOG TWIIdAL ALISNI LS¥O_SWM 143A7ND G3LLOIS 3HI'Z ‘S3UL3NITIIN Ni BV SNOISN3NIG TW"L LON Bald vBaano: tuo toe ele 8BdN05 Nive dasva Nivea yA. Bald Baaunds . Niwa 30L envio NNO a Nauc aueo: | NMHO'qoe Nivea 10s~ans: po ene 1avA velo” vA NiveO-N-3a1StIver =n x ant oz = .— nism 3079 alec a aamnais ‘oszz"000¢-—oo0s—} 002" 90r—|—-00z+—} —o0re—|--00z>—|-002»—po9¢ GNTINWN an) (BNTINIK, NOG) Z doo) an WOW, 4 1. M3N. Zz gon an | a a a ‘000 5001 Figure8.4 (b) (Sheet 1) - Typical Double Track Cross-Section at Yard Page 15 of 18 Rev. 0 ‘KTMPart ill Chapter 18 Permanent Way Manual Drainage Works KTM 18.4 (c) Sheet 3 Fig. wvea fBo1e30831N1 £ eus (9) vet “O14 XINO 30IS JNO NO SdOOT HIIM NOILO3S—SSOYD MOVaL FIGNOD TWOIdAL ALISNI LSVO_SWM LY3AINO G3LLOIS 3HLZ TIN NI-3Yv SNOISN3WIG Tv" ‘ALON nwa nos-ans NNGO"N 20S ve foo ‘S3UL 3M bag saaanos 5 ria ‘tos-ans— Nid uve apne nivao-n saiswva Zot | wez oe. =a z ARLEN) 007 be Lowaans a yeas | 02 co —t ooze 0 = or e004 10z9- ena acy (ayn Rvccd uw DOE, onisuns 3sov0] 3 3 2 dodt dn 1 aogr an SRNR Guanes SESE Ga Figure18.4 (c) (Sheet 3) - Typical Double Track Cross-Section With Loops On One Side Only Page 16 of 18 Rev.0 ‘OKTNBPermanent Way Manual Part ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 C oF TRACK = © OF TRACK 6300: /—TRACTION PPLE 300 TYPICAL [-—FOOTING _ OcS MAS 0 [73000 700 TYPICAL 7 CUED Freee aS & 300 CPNBRRO| 790 TYPICAL FOOTING OF ‘OCS MAST VARI (OF TRACK 100 700 TYPICAL [FOOTING OF OCS MAST (¢ OF TRACK . SLOTTED CULVRIT 336 3150. a AT TRACTION POLE POSITION, DRAIN WERE DIVERTED TOWARDS LOOP SIDE SO THAT THERE IS AT LEAST 300mm BETWEEN OUTER EDGE OF OCS FOUNDATION AND OUTER EDGE OF DRAIN. Figure 18.4 (d) (Sheet 4) - Typical Drainage Layout Arrangement at OCS Area OKTWE Rev. 0 Page 17 of 18Permanent Way Manual Part ill KTM Drainage Works Chapter 18 7 "300,450,600 CONCRETE GRADE 25/20'00--|7 1-00 WITH ONE LAYER —T8 9 WIRE MESH — 2 50mm WEEPHOLE WITH cE a todxt00 FILTER FABRIC AT__[ | 3 300mm SPACING ¢/c t (SAME LEVEL WITH SAND ° BLANKET LAYER) SLOTTED = CONCRETE GRADE 25/20 WITH ONE LAYER AQ WIRE MESH CULVERT a CONCRETE GRADE 25/20! 0 WITH ONE LAYER AQ WIRE MESH SOmm@ WEEPHOLE WITH Co 100x100 FILTER FABRIC AT. 450,600 101 300mm SPACING c¢/c 0 (SAME LEVEL WITH SAND BLANKET LAYER) CONCRETE GRADE 25/20 WITH" ONE LAYER AQ WIRE MESH SLOTTED CULVERT SKEWED PIECE) ee ge mE HP P & YARD DRAIN] SCUPPER PIPE DETAIL ’B’ |-—RAILSIDE _U-DRAIN —sUB-SOIL DRAIN Figure18.4 (e) (Sheet 5) - Typical Drainage Layout Arrangement at OCS Area ‘OKTNB Rav. 0 Page 18 of 18