Sentence structure

• Describing trends
S + V (trends) + adv (degree) + number + time
The percentage of people aged 65 and over in Japan increase sharply from about 5% to
27% between 1940 and 2040
There + be + a/an + adj (degree) + N (trend) in S + number + time
There is a sharp increase in the percentage of people aged 65 and over in Japan from
about 5% to 27% between 1940 and 2040
Between 1940 and 2040, there is a sharp increase from about 5% to 27% in the
percentage of people aged 65 and over in Japan
Time witness/show/see/experience + a/an + adj + N + in S + number
The period between 1940 and 2040 witnesses a sharp increase from about 2% to 27% in
the percentage of people aged 65 and over in Japan
SUBJECT
Amount/quantity N (uncountable)
The Percentage/proportion/rate of N (khi đơn vi là %)
Number/quantity N (countable)
NOUN/VERB (Describe trends)
Miêu tả xu hướng tăng
V N V N
Increase An increase Soar A soar
Go up Rocket A rocket
Incline An incline Boom A boom
Rise A rise Take off
Climb A climb (Not add adj/adv)
 Miêu tả xu hướng giảm
V N V N
Decrease A decrese Plummet A plummet
Go down Slump A slump
Decline A decline Plunge A plunge
Fall A fall Go into a nosedive
Drop A drop

Miêu tả xu hướng giữ nguyên không đổi

V N
Remain/stay unchanged/steady/static No change
Reach a plateau A stability
Be still at the same level
Miêu tả xu hướng dao động
V N
Fluctuate Fluctuation
Oscillate Oscillation
Vacillate vacillation
Miêu tả xu hướng điểm cao nhất/thấp nhất
Highest Lowest

Reach a peak Hit the lowest point

Peak Bottom out
 ADJ/ADV (Describe degree/speed)
High level Moderate Low level
level

Dramatic Dramatically Moderate Moderately Insignificant Insignificantly

Significant Significantly Constant Constantly Minimal Minimally

(đều đều)
Sharp Sharply Steady Steadily Marginal Marginally
(đều đều)
Noticeable Noticeably Gradual Gradually Negligible Negligibly
(đều đều)
Remarkable Remarkably Slight Slightly

Exponential Exponentially Slow Slowly

(gấp bội)
NUMBER
Giới từ sử dụng với xu hướng tăng/giảm
From…to…(từ đâu đến đâu). Khoảng thay đổi:
To… (tăng đến, giảm đến). V (trend) + by
N (trend) + of
Giới từ giữ nguyên không đổi

Giới từ xu hướng dao động

TIME
Miêu tả khoảng thời gian
Between – and From – to
The number of men in my class increased between day 1 and day 3
In/ over / during
The number of men in my class increased over the frist three days
Tense PAST-> PAST TENSE
In 2010, the number of families who had two children in Vietnam was 10 million
PAST-FUTURE-> SIMPLE PRESENT
From 1940 to 2040, there is a rise in the number of families who have only on
child to 30 million
FUTURE-SIMPLE FUTURE+PREDECTION
It is predicted that there will be an increase in the number of one-child families to
30 million in 2040
The number of one-child families is estimated to increase to 30 million in 2040