This lecture note is made and compiled by Raymundo III D.

Doce for exclusive use of PEAK EXCELLENCE

REVIEW CENTER reviewees.

MEASLES
(RUBEOLA/HARD OR RED MEASLES)

- Family: Paramyxoviridae
- Genus: Morbillivirus
- Incubation Period: 10-12 days (DOCE don’t forget)
- Mode of Transmission: Airborne transmission (cough, sneeze)
(The virus can remain in the air for up to two hours after an infected person
leaves a room)
- Primary site of infection: Respiratory Epithelium of Nasopharynx
- Most common complication: Diarrhea (can lead to dehydration) ***
- Reservoir: ONLY Humans
- Other complications: Ear infections, Eye infection can lead to blindness, Pneumonia,
& Subacute Sclerosing Panecephalitis (THIS BRAIN INFLAMMATION IS ONLY CAUSED
BY MEASLES VIRUS)
Note: Measles during pregnancy have NOT been linked to birth defects, but
can lead to premature labor, miscarriage, and low birth weight infants
- Highly contagious period: 4 days BEFORE rash appears and 4 days AFTER rash
appears
- NOTE: You can only have measles ONCE in your entire life.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

o 3 C’s (Cough, Coryza (inflammation of nasal cavity with sneezing), and Conjunctivitis
***
o High Fever, Runny nose
o Maculopapular rash (usually starts on the face and spreads downward); usually
appears 14 days after exposure
o Koplik spots- tiny white spots/white lesions on the buccal mucosa, opposite the
lower 1st and 2nd molars (pathognomonic sign of measles)

KOPLIK
SPOTS

This lecture note is made and compiled by Raymundo III D. Doce – PARA SA SILINGAN
LABORATORY TEST
o Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
- Specimen: throat or nasopharyngeal swabs
- Ideally done within 3 days of rash onset
- Confirmatory test for measles

o Virus isolation culture

- Specimen: throat or nasopharyngeal swabs
- Also a confirmatory test for measles
o Measles Ig M Antibody test
- Detects antibody against measles

MANAGEMENT (note: there is no specific antiviral therapy for measles, so

supportive management ta)

1. Antipyretics
- Suki please ayaw tagae ug aspirin ang children with measles, because of the
possible development of Reye’s syndrome, which cause inflammation of liver and
brain. Pero actually pwede ra pud nimo tagaan to promote DEATH!

2. Antibiotics (for pneumonia or ear complications)

3. Vitamin A (based from CDC guideline 2018)

<6 months of Age - 50, 000 IU
6-11 months - 100, 000 IU
>12 months & above - 200 , 000 IU

This lecture note is made and compiled by Raymundo III D. Doce – PARA SA SILINGAN
PREVENTION

Source: 2019 Philippine Childhood Immunization Guideline

The Philippines is now on measles

outbreak, pediatricians now recommend
that the first measles vaccine be
administered at SIX MONTHS OLD.
Measles vaccines are usually given to
infants at nine months old, but they can
be given as early as six months of age in
cases of outbreaks.

Measles Vaccine:
Route- subcutaneous
Site- outer part of upper arm
Schedule- 6 months (outbreak)
9 months (no outbreak)

This lecture note is made and compiled by Raymundo III D. Doce – PARA SA SILINGAN
 MMR VACCINE
(MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA)
2 doses
Children st
1 dose- birthday (12-15 months)
2nd dose- 4-6 years of age
2 doses
Post High School Students
(at least 28 days apart) start anytime
1 dose
Adults
(give anytime)
2 doses
Health care personnel
(at least 28 days apart) start anytime
1 dose
Woman of childbearing age
(give anytime)
Age Schedule
1st dose (from 6-11 mos)
2nd and 3rd doses (from
6-11 months
12-15 months at least 28
days apart)
International Travelers
(Kanang maglarga2 abroad) 2 doses
Children >12 months
(at least 28 days apart)

2 doses
Teenagers and Adults
(at least 28 days apart)

MMR Vaccine

Route: Subcutaneous
Site: Outer part of the upper arm

This lecture note is made and compiled by Raymundo III D. Doce – PARA SA SILINGAN