Higher technological institute 10th of Ramadan city

Mechanical department

Classification Of Engines

ME 246
G.2

Submitted by: Ahmed Soliman Mostafa

20150083

Submitted to: Eng. Ashraf Hussain

 ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
Types of engines:

• Thermal engines. Internal combustion engines (IC engines) External

combustion engines (EC engines) Reaction engines.

• Electrical engines.

• Physical engines.

Engines are generally classified according to:

1. No of strokes per cycle Two or Four.

In a 4-stroke engine, the piston completes 2-strokes during each revolution:

one compression stroke and one exhaust stroke, each being followed by a
return stroke. The spark plugs fire only once every other revolution, and
power is produced every 4-strokes of the piston. These engines also do not
require pre-mixing of fuel and oil, as they have a separate compartment for
the oil.

In a 2-stroke engine, the entire combustion cycle is completed with just one
piston stroke: a compression stroke followed by the explosion of the
compressed fuel. During the return stroke, the exhaust is let out and a fresh
fuel mixture enters the cylinder. The spark plugs fire once every single
revolution, and power is produced once every 2-strokes of the piston. Two-
stroke engines also require the oil to be pre-mixed in with the fuel.

2. Type of fuel burned

Type of fuel: Petrol, Diesel, Gas, Bio / Alternative Fuels

 3. Method of ignition

such as spark Ignition, compression Ignition

Spark Ignition: An SI engine starts the combustion process in each cycle by
use of a spark plug. In early engine development, before the invention of
the electric spark plug, many forms of torch of torch holes were used to
initiate combustion form an external flame. ‰ Compression Ignition: The
combustion process in a CI engine starts when the air-fuel mixture self-
ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by high
compression

4. Firing order

Firing order 1 3 4 2

5. Reciprocating or rotary
6. No of cylinders

Number of Cylinders – From 1 to up to 18 cylinders (in a car)

7. Arrangement of cylinders

which are Inline, V, W, Horizontal, Radial

8. Type of cooling

Engine cooling methods such as Air-cooled, Liquid-cooled (Water-

based), Oil-cooled (Oil is cooled separately)
ENGINE PARTS
• Cylinder block
• Cylinder head
• Crank case
• Piston
• Piston rings
• Gudgeon pin
• Intake and exhaust valve
• Camshaft
• Crankshaft
• Timing gears
CYLINDER BLOCK

• Cast iron or Aluminum alloy

CYLINDER HEAD

• Aluminum alloy or cast iron

CRANK CASE

• Cast iron or Cast steel

PISTON

• Aluminum alloy
• Cast iron.
• Gudgeon pin
• Forged steel
• Case hardened steel
PISTON RINGS

• Cast iron.
• Pressed steel alloy
• Compression ring
• Oil ring
CRANK SHAFT

• Forged steel
• Cast steel.
CAM SHAFT

• Forged steel
• Cast iron and cast steel
• Push rod
• Forged steel
• High speed (X)
CONNECTING ROD

• Forged steel
• Aluminum alloy

GEAR TIMING

• Timing belt drive

• Timing gear drive
• Timing chain drive
BELT TIMING