1.

ORGANIZED CRIME – A combination of two or more persons who are engaged in a criminal
or virtual criminal activity on a continuing basis for the purpose of profit or power using
gangland style to attain their purpose.

2. ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP – A structured group of three or more persons, existing for a
period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes
or offenses as defined in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, financial or other material benefit.

3. An Enforcer - the one who makes for the arrangements for the killing (injuring or carrying
out the task physically, economically or psychologically) the members or non members.

4. A CORRUPTER - the one who corrupts or bribes, intimidate or threatens, negotiate or

“sweet talks” into a relationship with public officials, law enforcement officer, or anyone
who would be of help in obtaining security and immunity from possible arrest, prosecution
and punishments.

5. Has no Political Goals - Organized crime is basically motivated by money and power. It is
not social doctrine neither political belief nor ideological concerns that motivated leaders
and members of the organized crime groups. Political involvement may be part of its
activities for the purpose of gaining protection for its illegal activities.

6. Hierarchical - An organized crime has a vertical power structure with at least three (3)
ranks. The authority is inherent in the position and does not depend on who happens to be
occupying it at any given time.

7. Limited or Exclusive Membership - The criteria such as ethnic background, race, kinship,
criminal record and other similar consideration seems to be the basis for membership in an
organized crime group. Sponsorship by a ranking members and behavior characteristics
also plays important factors for recruitment such as but not limited to: willingness to
commit criminal act, follow the rules and regulations and secrecy in the organization.

8. Constitute a unique subculture - Members of the organized crime group considered

themselves distinct from the conventional society. They look at the society as “weak and
stupid” and treat them with derisions if not contempt, and therefore not subject to its rules.
This is sometimes referred to as “the underworld”.

9. Perpetuates itself - An organized criminal group constitutes an ongoing criminal

conspiracy designed to persist through time; that is, beyond the life of the current
membership. In order for the group to survive, it must have an institutionalized process for
inducting new members and inculcating them with the values and ways of behaving of the
social system. This is shown by the depth of the sub-cultural orientation exhibited by the
group.

10. Willingness to use Illegal Violence and Bribery - Violence is readily available and
acceptable in an organized crime group as a means to achieve its goal. Bribery becomes
necessary so as to protect its operation and insure lesser chance of detection and
suppression.
11. Specialization/Division of Labor - There is a need for established functional position filled
with qualified members.

12. Monopolistic - An organized crime group eschew competition. It strives for hegemony over
a particular geographic area, a particular “industry”, legitimate or illegitimate, or a
combination of both. A monopoly, of course, restrains “free trade” and increases profits. An
organized crime monopoly is maintained by violence, by the threat of violence, or by
corrupt relationships with law enforcement officials. A combination of both methods,
violence and corruption, may be employed.

13. GOVERNS BY EXPLICIT RULES AND Regulation - An organized crime group, like a
legitimate organization, has a set of rules and regulations that members are expected to
follow. In an organized crime group, however, a rule-violating member is not fired but,
more likely, fired upon

14. A CORRUPTEE - a public officials, law enforcement officers or anybody who not a member
of the organization who can helps the organization

15. The Bureaucratic/ Corporate Model - The corporation, the police, and the military are
examples of bureaucracies, that mode of organization essential for efficiently carrying out
large scale tasks.

16. Patrimonial/ Patron Client - It is a characteristic of traditional societies that centers on

families, patrons and their clients, and other personalities networks.

17. Mafia - is a term used to describe a number of criminal organizations around the
world.

18. OMERTA - is a code of silence and secrecy that forbids Mafiosi from betraying
their comrades to the authorities.

19. VORY V ZAKONE - aka “ thieves with code of honor, ”It is the Sicilian counterpart, linked to
a territorial-based provision of protection services and to alliance between upper world and
the underworld. It is characterized by the three types of actors in crime picture at Russia.

20. Gangs (Triad) = work in cooperative ventures involving black market activities, burglaries
and thefts, hijackings and extortion. The Triad came from the symbolic triangle in their flag
which indicates the three (3) elements: The Heaven, The Earth and the Man.

21. Criminal Syndicates = commonly involved in sophisticated crimes such as prostitutions,

human trafficking and other organized form of both are involved in drug trafficking
particularly of heroin from the golden triangle as well as Exploitation of women and
children and smuggling of illegal immigrants vices.

22. Dragon Syndicates is another name for the Chinese Triads, a name popularized by Martin
Booth’s much acclaimed study “The Dragon Syndicates: the Global Phenomenon of the
Triads (New York: Carroll and Graf, 2000).
23. ICAC- Independent Commission Against Corruption is one of the most active Criminal
Justice Unit involved in controlling illicit activities of these triads.

24. Yakuza (8-9-3) or Boryokudan - is the most influential organized crime group in Japan.

25. Dragons and koi fish - often appear in yakuza tattoos as symbols of wealth and prosperity.

26. Samurai warriors represent honor and a moral code.

27. Geisha stand as symbols of fertility, good fortune and tradition.

28. Shisa - a cross between a dog and a lion that protects good spirits and wards off evil spirits.
A shisa with a closed mouth guards good spirits while an open-mouthed shisa protects the
wearer from evil spirits, The shisa emerge from a lotus flower.

29. Lotus Flower - a traditional Japanese symbol of beauty emerging from the mud of life – a
poignant reminder of the origins of the yakuza gangs.

30. “Nam Cam Gang” is one of the most noted organized crime group in Vietnam and known for
drug trafficking and one of the major transit point of drugs in Laos, Myanmar, China and
Taiwan from Cambodia.

31. Francisco Group - Dragon or Kuratong Baleleng Group, now led by Manuel Francisco,
operates in Visayas and Mindanao

32. Pentagon Group - operates in Mindanao headed by Tahir Alonto, a creation of MILF to
generate funds. Alonto is a nephew of MILF Chairman AL HAJ MURAD

33. Lexus Group - specializes in carnapping and operates in NCR and Luzon

34. Rex “Wacky” Salud Group - engaged in illegal gambling and operates in Cebu

35. Vic Yu Group - engages in illegal gambling and operates in Visayas.

36. Superable Familya - kidnapping for ransom (KFR) group with a 1 Million prize for the
leader’s head who was killed in action during a shoot-out with law enforcers

37. Waray-Waray Group - an ethnic group engaged in kidnap for ransom operations.
Members are either belong from the family clan or natives from Samar and Leyte. Their
leader was arrested on September 24, 2005.

38. TRANSNATIONAL CRIME - a continuing illegal activity of group of person which is

primarily concerned with the generation of profits, irrespective of national boundaries as a
result of globalization.

39. GLOBALIZATION - refers to the rapid development of the western culture that
ultimately affects other cultures in the world as brought by intellectual and technological
advances, in which some crimes occurring in other countries are attributed.
40. TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME- is a crime perpetuated by organized criminal
group which the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offenses in order to
obtain directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefits committed through
crossing of borders or jurisdictions.

41. ORGANIZED CRIMINAL Group - shall mean a structured group of three or more persons,
existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing or more
serious crimes or offenses established in accordance with this convention, in order to
obtain, directly or indirectly , a financial or material benefit.

42. SERIOUS CRIME - shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by maximum
deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.

43. TRAFFICKING IN PERSON (TIP) - a form of modern-day slavery, refers to the recruitment,
transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim's
consent or knowledge, within or across national borders by means of threat or use of force,
or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or of position,
taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or receiving of payments
or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the
purpose of exploitation which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or
the removal or sale of organs.(Section 3a, RA 9208)

44. CHILD TRAFFICKING – The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a

child purpose of exploitation.

45. COMPUTER CRIME

- any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology.
- any crime where computer is used as a tool or as a target or incidental to the commission of
a crime.
- Also known as Cybercrime.
- Any illegal act in which knowledge of computer technology is used to commit the offense.
(L. E. Quaratiello)

46. Hacking - is the act of illegally accessing the computer system/network of an

individual, group or business enterprise without the consent or approval of the owner of
the system

47. Cracking - is a higher form of hacking in which the unauthorized access culminates with the
process of defeating the security system for the purpose of acquiring money or information
and/or availing of free services.

48. Malicious Sending of Emails -the sending of malicious and defamatory electronic mails for
the purpose of extorting money, or threatening prospective victims

49. Internet Pornography - The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of

obscene material including children’s nude pictures, indecent exposure, and child sex
slavery posted into the internet, live streaming videos aired through the internet
50. A computer virus - is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer
without permission or knowledge of the user.

51. Worm - spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host.

52. Trojan horse - is a file that appears harmless until executed. Trojan horses do not insert
their code into other computer files.

53. Logic bomb

- a set of instructions secretly inserted into a program that is designed to execute if a
particular program is satisfied
- the bomb lies dormant until a particular date is reached or command entered.

54. Identity theft

- defined as the criminal act of assuming person’s name, address, social security
number, and date of birth in order to commit fraud

55. Phishing
- sending fraudulent e-mails or website pop-ups, to get victims to divulge sensitive
financial information such as credit card numbers or social security numbers

56. Website defacement - is the unauthorized modification of a website.

57. Terrorism - the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate
or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives (FBI)

58. International terrorism - politically-oriented extreme violence that is perpetrated by

residents or representatives of one or more countries against the interest of another
country or by members of a violent foreign politically directed organization not affiliated
with the country being attacked for the purpose of forcing a change in government or in
how society functions.

59. Al Qaeda - in Arabic, this means The Base, founded by Osama bin Laden in 1980.

60. Domestic Terrorism - politically oriented extreme violence that is perpetrated by

residents of a country within that country in order to force a change in government or how
in society functions.

61. Ethnocentric - the category of terrorist organization which is aimed at establishing a

dominant or superior race that will be looked upon by the entire populace in the world.

62. Revolutionary - the category of terrorist group which is dedicated to overthrow an

established order and replacing it with a new political or social structure.

63. Political - the category of terrorist group which aims in restructuring the society.

64. Nationalistic - those who commit acts of violence due to their loyalty or devotion to their
country.
65. Jihad - the term which refers to the holy war waged by members of the Islamic religion
against the Jews.

66. Ideology - body of ideas affecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual or
group, a class or a culture”
- Bovier defines it as “a set of doctrines or beliefs that from the basis of a political,
economic and other systems”.

67. WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) - term used to describe a massive weapon with
the capacity to indiscriminately kill large number of people share, it could be nuclear,
biological and chemical weapons.

68. Nerve Agents - agents that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves communicate
with organs they stimulant, in other words the agents gets the nerves to send the wrong
signal to the muscles they control and hence, disrupt muscle function of the body.

69. Blistering Agents - there are three common of this type; the most widely known are
mustard gas, lewisite, and phosgene oxime. Mustard gas, first used in World War I, will
caused blistering on the exposed portions of the body, as well as on internal organs. It will
generally cause blindness and then death by respiratory failure.

70. Chocking Agents - one of the deadliest choking agents is phosgene gas. This agent damages
the respiratory system and causes the lungs to fill with water, and thus chokes the victim.

71. Anthrax
- a single cell organism that is produced by a fermentation process, such as that by which
beer is made
- caused by Bacillus anthracis and the effects of exposure include a severe infection that
attacks the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract
- direct contact will cause formation of dry scabs all over the victims body and can develop
into systematic infection
- when inhaled, the agent attacks the respiratory system with symptoms appearing from one
to seven days

72. Botulinum toxin

- a protein made by the clostridium botulinum bacteria
- exposure to the toxin, the nerve cell synapses are affected, causing palsy, spasms,
and then paralysis

73. Brucellosis
- also known as undulant fever
- symptoms can include intermittent or prolonged fever, headaches, profuse
sweating, chills, pains in the joints and muscles and fatigue
74. Cholera
- an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio Cholera
- symptoms include a sudden onset of nausea and or vomiting accompanied by severe
diarrhea and a rapid loss of body fluids

75. Plague
 - in natural transmittal form, the plague may the bubonic plague, or black death that
eradicated a great number of European in the middle ages
- transmitted from person to person by respiratory transmission, through rats, or
from the bite of an infected flea
- symptoms are high fever accompanied by general aches, severe weakness, and
pneumonia

76. Typhoid fever

- caused by an organism called salmonella typhosa which causes fever and frontal headaches
and is usually accompanied by rose colored spots on the skin
- must employed through food and limited water contamination

77. Rickettsia
- disease that appears in domesticated animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats
- spread to human through inhalation of particles contaminated with organism
- incubation period, ranging from 10 to 14 days

78. IMPUNITY- without fear of prosecution or without fear of confiscation

79. Reputational Risk - the potential that adverse publicity regarding a bank’s business
practices and associations, whether accurate or not, will cause a loss of confidence in the
integrity of the institution.

80. Operational Risk - the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed
internal processes, people and systems or from external events.

81. Legal Risk - the possibility that lawsuits, adverse judgments or contracts that turn out to be
unenforceable can disrupt or adversely affect the operations or condition of a bank
.
82. Smuggling - also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or
persons past a point where prohibited, such as out of a building, into a prison, or across an
international border, in violation of the law or other rules.

83. FIRE Arms - includes handguns, revolvers, pistols, rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns,
cannons and all other deadly weapons from which a bullet, ball, shot, shall or other missile
may be discharged by means of gunpowder or other explosives
- also includes air rifles and air pistols not classified as toys under the provisions of Executive
Order No. 712 dated 28 July 1981. The barrel of any firearm shall be considered a complete
firearm.

84. FIREARMS Trafficking - refers to the act of any person who, through the use of any
fraudulent machinations, shall import or bring into, or export from, the Philippines, or assist
in so doing, any firearm or parts thereof, explosive or ammunition or machine, implements,
equipments or tools for the manufacture of firearms.

85. BOMBING - Any incident which uses a device constructed with criminal intent and using
high explosives, low explosives, or blasting agents explodes. This term also refers to
incidents where premature detonation occurs during preparation, transportation, or
placement of a constructed device.
 86. BOMB THREAT – An information or warning, written or oral, claiming knowledge that a
dangerous device, such as a bomb or similar type of explosives, has been or will be placed in
a building, aircraft, sea craft or other facilities with the intent to harm people and destroy
properties.

87. EXPLOSIVES – Any chemical compound, mixture or device, the primary or common purpose
of which is to function by explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, high explosives,
black powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses, squibs,
detonating cord, igniter cord and igniter.

88. Intellectual property theft - is used interchangeably with intellectual property piracy which
is the unauthorized copying of goods, or works such as software, for resale by way of profit
or trade.

89. drug trafficking - another term for drug trade, refers to the illegal process through which
narcotics and other illegal drugs are produced, transported, and sold.
- the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture,
sale, trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.

90. Environmental Crime - the deliberate evasion of environmental laws and regulations by
individuals and companies in the pursuit of “personal interest and benefit.” Where these
activities involve movements across national boundaries, or impacts upon the world as a
whole, they can be termed "international environmental crime”.

91. ECONOMIC CRIME - referred to as commercial crimes and known also as “white collar”
crimes
- any act characterized by fraud, concealment, or a violation of trust and are not
dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence

92. Piracy - (1)an act of any person who, on the high seas, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not
being a member of its complement, nor a passenger, shall seize the whole or part of the
cargo of said vessel, its equipment, or personal belonging of its complement or passengers;
(2) any attack upon or seizure of any vessel, or the taking away of the whole or part thereof,
or its cargo, equipment, or the personal belongings of its complement or passengers,
irrespective of the value thereof, by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or
force upon things committed by any person, including a passenger or member or complement
of said vessel, in Philippine waters, and
(3) any person who knowingly and in any manner aids or protects pirates, such as giving them
information about the movements of the police or other peace officers of the government, or
acquires or receives property taken by such pirates, or any person who abets the commission
of the piracy.

93. Smuggling of Cultural Property refers to the act of any person who, through the use of any
fraudulent machinations, shall import or bring into, or export from, transfer from, the
Philippines, or assist in so doing, any cultural properties.
94. Money laundering is concealing or disguising the identity of illegally obtained proceeds so
that they appear to have originated from legitimate sources. It is frequently a component of
other, much more serious, crimes such as drug trafficking, robbery or extortion.

95. Placement - puts the "dirty money" into the legitimate financial system.

96. Layering - conceals the source of the money through a series of transactions and
bookkeeping tricks.

97. Integration - the now-laundered money is withdrawn from the legitimate account to be
used for whatever purposes the criminals have in mind for it.

98. HIJACKING – A term which immediately conjures the images of a group of heavily armed
and determined men and women holding up an airplane, ship, bus, van, or other vehicle in
order to achieve their nefarious objectives.

99. Nortenos include such gangs as Big Hazard, the Breed Street Gang and the Silver Leaf
Nortenos (SLN).

100. Surtenos include the Assasins, King Kobra and Mara Salvatrucha.