MST 101

ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
ASYNCHRONOUS
ACTIVITY 3

SUBMITTED BY

Students’s Name:
Tubio, Dexter James G.
Course and Class Schedule:
BEED – General Content (MWF 2:00-5:00PM)

SUBMITTED TO:
Mrs. Julie Emily A. Ferras
MST 101 INSTRUCTOR
Learning Compass(Objectives)

At the end of the topic the students will be able to:

1. Differentiate Natural and Artificial Selections;

2. Understand the concept of Charles Darwin and other biologist who gave great
contributions; and
3. Identify the different biological realms in the ecosystem.

Let’s Begin! NAMING THE 8 BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REALM

In the table below name the 8 biogeographical realm and fill out the important
details. (Note: Drawn manually is much appreciated and be creative in your drawing.
No copy and pasting directly from the internet)

Biographica Location Description Classification Draw the exact

l Realm (includes the continent in
type of biome & the map
its ecosystem)
1. Australasian Australia, Dark green: Million square (Photo inserted
New Guinea, tropical and kilometers: 7.6 below the table)
New Zealand, subtropical moist
eastern of broadleaf forests. Million square
the Light brown: miles: 2.9
Indonesian tropical and
archipelago, subtropical dry
Bismarck broadleaf forests.
Archipelago,
Vanuatu, the
Solomon
Islands, and
New
Caledonia
2. Afrotropical South Africa extremely arid Million square (Photo inserted
of the Sahara region kilometers: 22.1 below the table)
Desert,
Majority of sandy coastal Million square
the Arabian deserts miles: 8.5
Peninsula,
The island of steppe
Madagascar,
Southern dry savanna
Iran and woodlands
extreme
southwester
in Pakistan,
and the
islands of the
western
Indian Ocean
3. Nearctic The tundra Million square (Photo inserted
continent of kilometers: 22.9 below the table)
North grassland
America, Million square
Mexican deciduous forest miles: 8.8
 Plateau,
Aleutian coniferous forest
Islands,
Canadian chaparral desert
Arctic
Archipelago,
Greenland,
and
Newfoundlan
d
4. Oceanic Australia & tropical or Million square (Photo inserted
New Zealand subtropical, and kilometers: 1.0 below the table)
range from humid
to seasonally dry Million square
miles: 0.39
Flora & Fauna

5. Antarctic Southern Four tundra Million square (Photo inserted

Hemisphere ecological regions kilometers: 0.3 below the table)
are in this realm:
Antarctic Marielandia Million square
continent, Antarctic tundra, miles: 0.12
sub Antarctic Maudlandia
islands, and Antarctic desert,
elements of Scotia Sea Islands
southwester tundra, and
n New Southern Indian
Zealand Ocean Islands
tundra.
6. Indo-Malayan Mainland Beige: deserts and Million square (Photo inserted
Southeast xeric shrublands. kilometers: 7.5 below the table)
Asia,
Myanmar, Light brown: Million square
Thailand, tropical and miles: 2.9
Laos, subtropical dry
Vietnam, broadleaf forests.
Cambodia, &
Subtropical Green: tropical and
forests of subtropical moist
southern broadleaf forests.
China
Bright green:
tropical and
subtropical
coniferous forests.

Light green:
temperate
broadleaf and
mixed forests.

Dark green:
temperate
coniferous forests.
 Light blue: flooded
grasslands and
savannas.

Light purple:
montane
grasslands and
shrublands.
Magenta:
mangroves.
7. Neotropical Central Neotropical Million square (Photo inserted
America, the tropical and kilometers: 19.0 below the table)
Caribbean, subtropical dry
and South broadleaf forests Million square
America miles: 7.3
Neotropical
tropical and
subtropical
coniferous forests

Neotropical
temperate
broadleaf and
mixed forests

Neotropical
tropical and
subtropical
grasslands,
savannas, and
shrublands

Neotropical
temperate
grasslands,
savannas, and
shrublands

Neotropical
flooded grasslands
and savannas

Neotropical
montane
grasslands and
shrublands

Neotropical
Mediterranean
forests,
woodlands, and
scrub
Neotropical
deserts and xeric
shrublands

Neotropical
 mangroves
8. Palearctic Europe, Palearctic Million square (Photo inserted
Northern terrestrial kilometers: 54.1 below the table)
Africa, and ecoregions
Asia North of Million square
the Oriental miles: 20.9
region

We’re on our way DEFINING THE PICTURE

Below are different picture with their corresponding term. Define the terms
according to your idea and after you have made your opinion, research the definition.
Make sure you write the source of the information you have given.

PICTURE WORD YOUR DEFINITON TEXTBOOK DEFINITION

BASED ON YOUR (Put cited source)
KNOWLEDGE

Evolution An evolution is a In biology, evolution is

change or the change in the
improvement of characteristics of a
a man’s structure species over several
Photo credits: https://phys.org/news/2019-09-evolution-doesnt-proceed-
straight-line.html and generations and relies
characteristics on the process of
natural selection. ...
Evolution relies on
there being genetic
variation? in a
population which
affects the physical
characteristics
(phenotype) of an
organism.
(https://www.yourgen
ome.org/facts/what-is-
evolution)
 Adaptation Adaptation from Adaptation, in biology,
the world itself the process by which a
to adapt, some species becomes fitted
animals are not to its environment; it is
fit on that the result of natural
environment but selection's acting upon
as they live their heritable variation over
for a long time, several generations.
they tend to (https://www.britannic
adapt the a.com/science/adaptati
environment on-biology-and-
physiology)
Survival of the Survival of the Survival of the fittest,
Fittest fittest means term made famous in
that any species the fifth edition
must adjust on (published in 1869) of
the environment On the Origin of
http://www.planet-science.com/categories/under-11s/games/2010/09/mission-adaptation.aspx
they are living for Species by British
their survival. naturalist Charles
Darwin, which
suggested that
organisms best
adjusted to their
environment are the
most successful in
surviving and
reproducing. Darwin
borrowed the term
from English
sociologist and
philosopher Herbert
Spencer, who first used
it in his 1864 book
Principles of Biology.
(Spencer came up with
the phrase only after
reading Darwin’s
work.)
(https://www.britannic
a.com/science/survival-
of-the-fittest)
Natural Selection Natural Selection Natural selection is the
is when some process through which
animals tends to populations of living
select habitats organisms adapt and
wherein they can change. Individuals in a
https://www.acquisio.com/blog/innovation/its-time-to-evolve-adapting-to-the-changing-agency-demand/
survive. population are
naturally variable,
meaning that they are
all different in some
ways. ... Individuals
with adaptive traits—
traits that give them
some advantage—are
more likely to survive
and reproduce.
(https://www.nationalge
ographic.org/encyclopedi
 a/natural-selection/)

Homologues Homologues In biology, homology is

Structures Structures shows similarity due to shared
a structure of a ancestry between a
http://www.vce.bioninja.com.au/aos-4-change-over-
human and pair of structures or
time/evolution/evidence-for-evolution.html animal evolution genes in different taxa.
A common example of
homologous structures
is the forelimbs of
vertebrates, where the
wings of bats and
birds, the arms of
primates, the front
flippers of whales and
the forelegs of four-
legged vertebrates like
dogs and crocodiles
are all derived from the
same ancestral
tetrapod structure.
(https://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki/Homology_(biol
ogy))

Extinction Extinction is a Extinction occurs when

phenomena species are diminished
where there is an because of
extinction of environmental forces
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2150939-the-mass-extinction-that-might-never-
have-happened/
animals or there (habitat
are no more fragmentation, global
existence on that change, natural
particular animal disaster,
overexploitation of
species for human use)
or because of
evolutionary changes
in their members
(genetic inbreeding,
poor reproduction,
decline in population
numbers).
(https://www.britannic
a.com/science/extinctio
n-biology)

Species Species are A species is often

groups of defined as a group of
organisms which organisms that can
produces reproduce naturally
naturally. with one another and
create fertile offspring.
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-
However, the
decline-unprecedented-report/
classification of a
species can be difficult
—even riddled with
controversy. 5 - 8.
Biology, Ecology,
 Genetics. 71.
(https://www.nationalg
eographic.org/encyclo
pedia/species/)

Let’s Dig Deeper

NATURAL SELECTION

According to this theory, because of differences in their genes, some individuals

in a population can have one or more traits that give them a better chance of
surviving and reproducing under existing environmental conditions and this
eventually leads to a population with a higher proportion of these individuals
possessing those traits.

Constant process leads to environmental change and therefore so do factors

that determine success. “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”

Note that populations not individuals evolve by becoming genetically different.

First Step is through Mutation by genetic variability or variety in the genetic make up
of individuals in a population. Second Step is natural selection in this process
environmental conditions favor some individuals over others. Favored individuals
posses heritable traits that give them some advantage over other individuals in a
given population wherein it called Adaptation.

Scientist who made a great contribution to Evolution:

 Charles Darwin: Thought that Natural Selection progressed slowly happening in
a long time.
 John Gould: British ornithologist, identified species of finches and became one
useful example among the other animals he saw.
 Jean-Baptist Lamarck: Proposed the theory “Lamarckism”. Proposed that
animals acquire characteristics based on use or disuse during their lives, rather
than hard-coded genetic changes.

Darwin 5 Points of Natural Selection:

1. Overpopulation
2. Competition
3. Variation
4. Survival of the Fittest
5. New Species

Gene Frequency tend to remain constant from generation to generation when

disturbing factors are not present.

Factors of Gene Frequency:

A. Mutation
B. Migration/ Gene Flow
C. Random Genetic Drift
D. Natural Selection

3 Types of Natural Selection:

1. Directional Selection
2. Stabilizing Selection
3. Disruptive Selection
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REALM

 Biogeography: It is a study of distribution of plants and animals related to the

ecosystem.
 Realm: A region, sphere or domain within which anything occurs, prevails or
dominates.
 Biogeographical Realm : It is a land area of land with relatively similar living
organism, wherein each realm correspond to a distinctive evolutionary history.

Eight (8) Terrestrial Biogeographical Realm

1. Neartic
2. Oceanic
3. Neotropical
4. Paleartic
5. Afrotropical
6. Indo-Malay
7. Australasian
8. Antartic

Two (2) Classification of Biogeographical Realm

A. Botanical Geographical Reams:

B. Zoological Geographical Realms:

Photo credits: https://www.slideshare.net/wskirkham/biogeography

2 Scientist involved in the Biogeographical Realm:

1. Alfred Russel Wallace

2. Alfred Wegener

How far have we gone CLASSIFYING THE FOUR STEPS OF DARWIN

Read the situation below and identify the 4 steps of Darwin’s Natural Selection.
Write the statement on the blanks.

1. In ostriches, there are 2 types of one species: ones that run fast and those who run
slowly. The fast birds can reach up to 40 miles per hour. Jackals love to eat ostrich
and they can reach speeds of up to 35-45 miles per hour. A flock of ostrich will lay 10
eggs (each mother only lay 1), but the rodents break into the eggs and eat the fetus
before they hatch.

Overpopulation: A flock of ostrich will lay 10 eggs (each mother only lay 1)

Genetic variation: The fast birds can reach up to 40 miles per hour
Struggle to survive: Jackals love to eat ostrich and they can reach speeds of up to 35-
45 miles per hour

Successful variation: the rodents break into the eggs and eat the fetus before they
hatch.

WALK EXTRA MILE !

In your point of view, do you think Antarctica has its biogeographical realm?
Answer the question briefly.

On my own point of view, I really consider Antarctica that it has its own
biogeographical realm. Because according to my research, Antarctica has a land mass
of 0.3 million square kilometers which is a large land mass. It has also oceanic, island,
and continental—lying in the cold Antarctic climatic zone south of the Antarctic
Convergence. Antarctica also has a cold or polar ecosystem. I considered Antarctica
has its biogeographical realm because compared to the other biogeographical realm,
they have the same characteristics.

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