Graphene As A Lubricant

In recent years, reducing friction and wear-related mechanical failures in

moving mechanical systems has gained increased attention due to
friction's adverse impacts on efficiency, durability, and environmental
compatibility. Accordingly, the search continues for novel materials,
coatings, and lubricants (both liquid and solid) that can potentially
reduce friction and wear. Despite intense R&D efforts on graphene for a
myriad of existing and future applications, its tribological potential as a
lubricant remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we provide an
up-to-date survey of recent tribological studies based on graphene from
the nano-scale to macro-scale, in particular, its use as a self-lubricating
solid or as an additive for lubricating oils.

Magnetic Bearing
More than thirty years of research and application experience have led to Active
Magnetic Bearings (AMB), which allow unique applications for rotating
machinery with excellent performance. The main part is devoted to recent research
topics, as a challenge to young researchers in rotor dynamics, mechatronics design
and control. Active magnetic bearings, a typical mechatronics product have been
successfully applied in industrial turbomachinery. Their main advantages are the
contactless working principle, the frictionless suspension, and that they represent
an active system. Therefore, the active magnetic bearings are well suited to operate
contactless as actuator and sensor elements in rotating machinery. The report
describes about the construction, working principles, advantages, disadvantages,
applications & uses of AMBs. A unique aspect of the design is the two additional
radial AMBs to allow the application of simulated destabilizing fluid or
electromagnetic forces to the rotor. These forces are difficult to predict and can
lead to rotordynamic instability of industrial machinery if not properly accounted
for. The AMB provides a realistic platform to evaluate stabilizing control
algorithms for highperformance turbomachinery
 Thermal Barrier Coating
Thermal Barrier Coatings, as the name suggests are coatings which provide a
barrier to the flow of heat. Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) performs the important
function of insulating components such as gas turbine and aero engine parts
operating at elevated temperatures. Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are layer
systems deposited on thermally highly loaded metallic components, as for instance
in gas turbines. TBC’s are characterized by their low thermal conductivity, the
coating bearing a large temperature gradient when exposed to heat flow. The most
commonly used TBC material is Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), which
exhibits resistance to thermal shock and thermal fatigue up to 1150°C. YSZ is
generally deposited by plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapour
deposition (EBPVD) processes. It can also be deposited by HVOF spraying for
applications such as blade tip wear prevention, where the wear resistant properties
of this material can also be used. The use of the TBC raises the process
temperature and thus increases the efficiency. In doing so, these coatings can allow
for higher operating temperatures while limiting the thermal exposure of structural
components, extending part life by reducing oxidation and thermal fatigue. In
conjunction with active film cooling, TBCs permit working fluid temperatures
higher than the melting point of the metal airfoil in some turbine applications. Due
to increasing demand for higher engine operation (efficiency increases at higher
temperatures), better durability/lifetime, and thinner coatings to reduce parasitic
weight for rotating/moving components, there is great motivation to develop new
and advanced TBCs