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    Block Diagram Reduction Rules: Example

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    olunla olunlaa
    The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

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    Block Diagram Reduction Rules: Example

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    olunla olunlaa
    35 views13 pages
    The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

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    The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    35 views13 pages

    Block Diagram Reduction Rules: Example

    Uploaded by

    olunla olunlaa
    The document describes rules for simplifying or reducing complex block diagrams into single blocks. The six rules are: 1) Simplify blocks in series, 2) Simplify blocks in parallel, 3) Simplify blocks in feedback loops, 4) Shift take-off points right if needed, 5) Shift summing points left if needed, and 6) Repeat until a single block is achieved. An example applies the rules to a sample block diagram in six steps, arriving at a single block and its transfer function. The document also provides steps for solving block diagram reduction problems and works through an example.

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    Block Diagram Reduction Rules

    Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many
    blocks, summing points and take-off points.
     Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.
     Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.
     Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.
     Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards
    right.
     Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards
    left.
     Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single
    block.
    Note − The transfer function present in this single block is the transfer function of the
    overall block diagram.

    Example

    Consider the block diagram shown in the following figure. Let us simplify (reduce) this
    block diagram using the block diagram reduction rules.

    Step 1 − Use Rule 1 for blocks G1G1 and G2G2. Use Rule 2 for


    blocks G3G3 and G4G4. The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.
    Step 2 − Use Rule 3 for blocks G1G2G1G2 and H1H1. Use Rule 4 for shifting take-off
    point after the block G5G5. The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

    Step 3 − Use Rule 1 for blocks (G3+G4)(G3+G4) and G5G5. The modified block


    diagram is shown in the following figure.
    Step 4 − Use Rule 3 for blocks (G3+G4)G5(G3+G4)G5 and H3H3. The modified
    block diagram is shown in the following figure.

    Step 5 − Use Rule 1 for blocks connected in series. The modified block diagram is
    shown in the following figure.
    Step 6 − Use Rule 3 for blocks connected in feedback loop. The modified block
    diagram is shown in the following figure. This is the simplified block diagram.

    Therefore, the transfer function of the system is


    Y(s)R(s)=G1G2G25(G3+G4)(1+G1G2H1){1+
    (G3+G4)G5H3}G5−G1G2G5(G3+G4)H2Y(s)R(s)=G1G2G52(G3+G4)(1+G1G2H1){1+
    (G3+G4)G5H3}G5−G1G2G5(G3+G4)H2
    Note − Follow these steps in order to calculate the transfer function of the block
    diagram having multiple inputs.
     Step 1 − Find the transfer function of block diagram by considering one input at
    a time and make the remaining inputs as zero.
     Step 2 − Repeat step 1 for remaining inputs.
     Step 3 − Get the overall transfer function by adding all those transfer functions

     9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
    999999
    Example of Block Diagram Reduction

    Till now we have seen the important rules to be kept in mind while reducing the
    block diagram. Let us now see an example to have a better understanding of the
    same.

    First, see the procedural steps to be followed for solving block diagram reduction
    problems:

    1. The directly connected blocks in series must be reduced to a single block.


    2. Further, reduce the parallely connected block into a single block.
    3. Now reduce the internally connected minor feedback loops.
    4. If shifting does not increase the complexity, then try having the take-off
    point towards the right while summing point towards left.
    5. Repeat the above-discussed steps to have a simplified system.
    6. Now determine the transfer function of the overall closed-loop simplified
    system.
    Consider a closed-loop system shown here and find the transfer function of the
    system:

    Reducing the 3 directly connected blocks in series into a single block, we will
    have:
    Further, we can see 3 blocks are present that are connected parallely. Thus on
    reducing blocks in parallel, we will have:

    Further on simplifying the internal closed-loop system, the overall internal gain
    will be

    So, we will have:


    Now reducing the two blocks in series:

    So, this is the reduced canonical form of a closed-loop system.

    We know gain of the closed-loop system is given as:

    Therefore,

    On simplifying the equation

    This is the overall transfer function of the given control system.

    999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
    Problem 1
     
    1. Obtain the Transfer function of the given block diagram
     
     
    2. Obtain the transfer function for the system shown in the fig

     
    3. Obtain the transfer function C/R for the block diagram shown in the fig

    Solution
    The take-off point is shifted after the block G2
     
     

    99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

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