1.What is coercion?
what do you mean by bills of exchange>
coercion is "the use of express or implied threats of
violence or reprisal (as discharge from employment) or
other intimidating behaviour that puts a person in
immediate fear of the consequences in order to compel
that person to act against his or her will." Actual violence,
threats of violence,  12.What is permissive law?
2.What is E-Governance?
Electronic governance or e-governance is the application
of IT for delivering government services, exchange of
information, communication transactions, integration of
various stand-alone systems between .
3.Define Business low?
Business Law is also known as Commercial law or
corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights,
relations, and conduct of persons
and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising,
trade, and sales
4.Give an example for an agreement to do impossible
act?
A contract is an agreement enforceable by law. A void
agreement is one which cannot be enforced by law . ...
For example, a agreement between drug dealers and
buyers is a void agreement simply because the terms of
the contract are illegal. In such a case, neither party can
go to court to enforce the contract.
5.Recently Which institute has ben included in RTI
Act?
The top court held that DAV College Trust and
Management Society, New Delhi, 
6.What does WIPO stand for?
World Intellectual Property Organization.
7.List down the type of negotiable instruments.
 reveller’s checks. ...
 Money order. ...
 Promissory notes. ...
 Certificate of Deposit (CD)
8.Define Contract?
A contract is a legally binding document between at least
two parties that defines and governs the rights and duties
of the parties to an agreement.  this Act or under any previous company law.”
9.What is Deemed Prospectus?
A deemed prospectus has been stated under section
25(1) of the Companies Act, 2013. When any company to
offer securities for sale to the public, allots or agrees to
allot securities, the document will be considered as
a deemed prospectus through which the offer is made to
the public for sale
10.Define Partnership?
A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as
business partners, agree to cooperate to advance their
mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be
individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations,
schools, governments or combinations.
11.
A bill of exchange is a written order used primarily in
international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum
of money to another party on demand or at a
predetermined date.
1) referring to any act which is allowed by court
order, legal procedure, or agreement.
2) tolerant or allowing of others' behaviour, suggesting
contrary to others' standards
13.What are the different Acts Covered in the
mercantile law? .
The scope of mercantile law is very wide and varied. It
includes law relating to contracts, partnership, sale of
goods, negotiable instruments, companies, insolvency,
insurance, carriage of goods, etc.
14.What is meant by quid pro quo?
Quid pro quo is Latin for "something for something",
describing an agreement between two or more parties in
which there is a reciprocal exchange of goods or services.
Courts may render a business contract void if it appears
unfair or one-sided, and so a quid pro quo consideration
is often warranted.
15.What is Novation?
Novation, in contract law and business law, is the act of –
replacing an obligation to perform with another obligation;
or adding an obligation to perform; or replacing a party to
an agreement with a new party.
16.what is a contract of indemnity?
Indemnity is a contractual agreement between two
parties. In this arrangement, one party agrees to pay for
potential losses or damages caused by another party. ...
With indemnity, the insurer indemnifies the policyholder—
that is, promises to make whole the individual or business
for any covered loss.
17.what is company as per the companies act?
There are many definitions of a Company by various legal
experts. However, Section 2(20) of the Companies Act,
2013, defines the term 'Company' as follows:
“Company means a company incorporated under
18.what is articles of association?
Articles of association form a document that specifies
the regulations for a company's operations and defines the
company's purpose. The document lays out how tasks are
to be accomplished within the organization, including the
process for appointing directors and the handling of
financial records.
19.define partnership?
A partnership is a formal arrangement by two or more
parties to manage and operate a business and share its
profits. There are several types
of partnership arrangements. In particular, in
a partnership business, all partners share liabilities and
profits equally, while in others, partners may have limited
liability.
20.What is bill of exchange?
Bill of exchange means a bill drawn by a person directing
another person to pay the specified sum of money to
another person. ... For example, X orders Y to pay ₹
50,000 for 90 days after date and Y accepts this order by
signing his name, then it will be a bill of exchange
21.what is negotiable instrument?
 negotiable instrument is a signed document that
promises a sum of payment to a specified person or the
assignee. In other words, it is a formalized type of IOU: A
transferable, signed document that promises to pay the
bearer a sum of money at a future date or on-demand.
22.RTI ACT?
Right to Information is an act of the Parliament of India
which sets out the rules and procedures regarding citizens'
right to information. It replaced the former Freedom of
Information Act, 2002. If information sought concerns the
life or liberty of a person, it shall be supplied within 48
hours. In case the application is sent through the Assistant
Public information Officer or it is sent to a wrong public
authority, five days shall be added to the period of thirty
days or 48 hours, as the case may be.
23.Define Company?
A company is a legal entity formed by a group of
individuals to engage in and operate a business—
commercial or industrial—enterprise. A company may be
organized in various ways for tax and financial liability
purposes depending on the corporate law of its
jurisdiction
24.what is share capital?
Share capital is the money a company raises by issuing
common or preferred stock. ... Accountants have a much
narrower definition and their definition rules on the balance
sheets of public companies. It means the total amount
raised by the company in sales of shares.
25.what is memorandum of association?
 A Memorandum of Association (MoA) represents the
charter of the company. It is a legal document prepared
during the formation and registration process of a
company to define its relationship with shareholders and it
specifies the objectives for which the company has been
formed.
26.what is quasi contract?
A quasi contract is a retroactive arrangement between
two parties who have no previous obligations to one
another. ... A quasi contract is a court-imposed document
designed to prevent one party from unfairly benefiting at
another party's expense, even though no contract exists
between them.
27.What is legal obligation?
1 : the action of obligating oneself to a course of action (as
by a promise or vow)
2a : something (such as a formal contract, a promise, or
the demands of conscience or custom) that obligates one
to a course of action made an obligation to pay their
children's college expenses.
28.define the term business law?
Business Law is also known as
Commercial law or corporate law, is the body of law that
applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons
and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising,
trade, and sales
29.Define Contingent contract?
A contingent contract is an agreement that states which
actions under certain conditions will result in specific
outcomes. Contingent contracts usually occur when
negotiating parties fail to reach an agreement. ...
A contingent contract can also be viewed as protection
against a future change of plans.
30.What is Deemed Prospectus?
A deemed prospectus has been stated under section
25(1) of the Companies Act, 2013. When any company to
offer securities for sale to the public, allots or agrees to
allot securities, the document will be considered as
a deemed prospectus through which the offer is made to
the public for sale.
31.What is copy right?
Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its
owner the exclusive right to make copies of a creative
work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be
in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. 
32.Define Write of Habeas corpus?
Habeas corpus is a recourse in law through which a
person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment
to a court and request that the court order the custodian of
the person, 
32.Define Digital Signature?
A digital signature—a type of electronic signature—is a
mathematical algorithm routinely used to validate the
authenticity and integrity of a message (e.g., an email, a
credit card transaction, or a digital document).
33.Acceptance?
Acceptance in human psychology is a person's assent to
the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or
condition without attempting to change it or protest it. The
concept is close in meaning to acquiescence, derived from
the Latin acquiesce.
Example. 'A' agreed to sell the property to 'B' by a written
document which stated “this offer to be left over .
34.Define the term Negotiable Instrument?
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the
payment of a specific amount of money, either on
demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named
on the document
35.Define the term Prospects?
A prospect is the possibility that something fabulous will
happen. After you graduate top of your class at Harvard,
for example, your job prospects look great. Prospect is
from the Latin word prospectus which means a "view or
outlook." A prospect is still a way of looking ahead and
expecting good things.
36.Breach of Contract?
Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of
civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for
exchange is not homered by one or more of the parties to
the contract.
37.Who is the consumer?
The consumer is an individual who pays some amount of
money for the thing required to consume goods and
services. As such, consumers play a vital role in the
economic system of a capitalist economy.
Without consumer demand, producers would lack one of
the key motivations to produce: to sell to consumers.
38.What is patent?
A patent is the granting of a property right by a sovereign
authority to an inventor. This grant provides the inventor
exclusive rights to the patented process, design, or
invention for a designated period in exchange for a
comprehensive disclosure of the invention
39.Define digital signature certificate?
Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) are
the digital equivalent (that is electronic format) of physical
or paper certificates. ... Likewise, a digital certificate can
be presented electronically to prove one's identity, to
access information or services on the Internet or to sign
certain documents digitally.
40.Define Consumer under Consumer Protection Act?
As per Consumer Protection Act, 1986,
“Consumer” means any person who buys or avails of any
service for a consideration which has been paid or
promised or partly paid and partly promised under any
system of deferred payment etc.
41.Define goods Under sales goods Act?
Goods' is defined as per Section 2 (7) of the 'Act' as.
“Every kind of movable property other than actionable
claims and money; and includes stock and shares,
growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming
part of the land which are agreed to be severed
before sale or under the contract of sale.”
42.Define Prospectus?
A prospectus, in finance, can be described as a disclosure
document that describes a financial security for potential
buyers.  Its sole purpose is to sell off stock, pay off creditors, and
43.promissory note?
A promissory note, sometimes referred to as
a note payable, is a legal instrument (more particularly, a
financing instrument and a debt instrument), in which one
party (the maker or issuer) promises in writing to pay a
determinate sum of money to the other (the payee), either
at a fixed or determinable future time
44.what you mean by cartel?
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who
collude with each other in order to improve their profits
and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations
in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of
rivals. ... Cartel behaviour includes price fixing, bid rigging,
and reductions in output.
45.Define Digital signature?
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying
the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
46. ignorance of law is no excuse give your statement
Essentially, it means that if someone breaks the law, he or
she is still liable even if they had no knowledge of the law
being broken. Thomas Jefferson said, “Ignorance of the
law is no excuse in any country. If it were, the laws would
lose their effect, because it can always be pretended.
47.consent -Consent is when one person agrees to or
gives permission to another person to do something.
Consent means agreeing to an action based on your
knowledge of what that action involves, its likely
consequences and having the option of saying no. ...
Consent is a very important part of a sexual relationship.
48. difference between contingent and wagering
contract
In a contingent contract, the future uncertain event is
merely collateral whereas in a wagering agreement the
uncertain event is a sole determining factor of the
agreement
49. Caveat emptor, -(Latin: “let the buyer beware”), in the
law of commercial transactions, principle that the buyer
purchases at his own risk in the absence of an express
warranty in the contract.
50. difference between implied conditions and warranties
The conditions and warranties may be express or implied.
Express conditions and warranties are those, which the
parties agree expressly, i.e. orally or in writing. Implied
conditions are those, which are implied by the law in the
absence of any agreement to the contrary.
51. TRIPS
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international legal
agreement between all the member nations of the World
Trade Organization (WTO)
52. winding up of a company
Winding up is the process of dissolving a company. While
winding up, a company ceases to do business as usual.
distribute any remaining assets to partners or
shareholders.
53. doctrine of constructive notice
In companies law the doctrine of constructive notice is a
doctrine where all persons dealing with a company are
deemed (or "construed") to have knowledge of the
company's articles of association and memorandum of
association. ... The doctrine of indoor management is an
exception to this rule
54. what’s business law how relevant to manager
The business law studies are very important, as it helps
the management professionals in realizing the business
ethics, he or she must follow, in order to run a proper and
authenticated business. This must be in accordance with
the laws and regulations prevailing in the society.
55. what caveat emptor means
the principle that the buyer alone is responsible for
checking the quality and suitability of goods before a
purchase is made.
56. Articles of association form a document that
specifies the regulations for a company's operations and
defines the company's purpose. The document lays out
how tasks are to be accomplished within the organization,
including the process for appointing directors and the
handling of financial records.
57. partnership
A partnership is an arrangement between two or more
people to oversee business operations and share its
profits and liabilities. In a general partnership company, all
members share both profits and liabilities. Professionals
like doctors and lawyers often form a limited liability
partnership.
58. bill of exchange
A bill of exchange is a binding agreement by one party to
pay a fixed amount of cash to another party as of a
predetermined date or on demand. Bills of exchange are
primarily used in international trade. Their use has
declined as other forms of payment have become more
popular.
59. negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a signed document that
promises a sum of payment to a specified person or the
assignee. In other words, it is a formalized type of IOU: A
transferable, signed document that promises to pay the
bearer a sum of money at a future date or on-demand
60. Share capital
Share capital is the money a company raises by issuing
common or preferred stock. The amount of share capital
or equity financing a company has can change over time
with additional public offerings. ... It means the total
amount raised by the company in sales of shares
61. Legal Obligation
An obligation is a legal bond (vinculum iuris) by which one
or more parties (obligates) are bound to act or refrain from
acting. An obligation thus imposes on the obligor a duty to
perform, and simultaneously creates a corresponding right
to demand performance by the oblige to whom
performance is to be tendered.
1.What are the remedies for breach of contract,
explain each one of them with relative example.
Damages and specific performance are
both, remedies available upon breach of obligations
by a party to the contract; the former is a
'substitutional' remedy, and the latter a
'specific' remedy. The remedy of specific
performance is granted by way of exception.
A contract can be said to be breached or broken
when either of the parties fails ... “Where two parties
have made a contract which one of them has
broken, ... may, in its discretion, grant a decree of
Specific Performance of that act. ... Under Section
36 of Specific Relief Act 1963, an injunction
is defined as an ...
A breach of contract is a violation of any of the
agreed-upon terms and conditions ... it is not
fulfilled at all—a tenant vacates their apartment
owing six-months' back rent. ...
For example, a contract may state that in the event
of late payment, the ... One may think of a contract
breach as either minor or material.
2.Explain in detail the provisions for removal of
directors
Special notice is required of any resolution
to remove a director or to appoint somebody in his
place at the meeting at which he is removed. On
receipt of such notice, the company will immediately
send a copy thereof to the director concerned.
A Company has the authority to
remove a Director by passing an Ordinary
Resolution, given the Director was not appointed by
the Central Government or the Tribunal. A Board
Meeting will be called by giving seven days' notice
to all the directors.
A Company may, by ordinary
resolution, remove a Director, not being a ... Rule
23 of the Companies (Management and
Administration) Rules, 2014] ... Listed Companies
shall submit to the stock exchange the details of
the ...
3.Explain in detail the different categories of
intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights are legal rights that
provide creators protection for original works,
inventions, or the appearance of products, artistic
works, scientific developments, and so on. There
are four types of intellectual property rights (IP):
patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.
The four categories of intellectual property protections
include:
 Trade Secrets. Trade secrets refer to specific,
private information that is important to a
business because it gives the business a
competitive advantage in its marketplace. ...
 Patents. ...
 Copyrights. ...
 Trademarks.
4.What is acceptance? What are the rules
governing a valid acceptance
Acceptance in human psychology is a person's
assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a
process or condition without attempting to change it
or protest it. The concept is close in meaning to
acquiescence, derived from the Latin acquiesce.  
1) Acceptance must be absolute and unqualified:
 An acceptance to be valid it must be
absolute and unqualified and in
accordance with the exact terms of the
offer.
2) Acceptance must be communicated to the offeror:
  For a valid acceptance, acceptance must not
only be made by the offeree but it must also be
communicated by the offeree to the offeror.
3) Acceptance must be according to the mode
prescribed (or) usual and reasonable manner:
  If the offeror prescribed a mode of
acceptance, acceptance must given according
to the mode prescribed
4) Acceptance must be given with in a reasonable
time:
 If any time limit is specified, the acceptance must be
given with in that time..
5) It cannot precede an offer:
 If the acceptance precedes an offer, it is not a valid
acceptance and does not result in a contract.
6) Acceptance must be given by the parties (or) party
to whom it is made:
 An offer can be accepted only by the person (or)
persons to whom it is made.
5.Explain the detail the discharge of contract by
beach
The discharge of contract is defined as the
termination of a contract or an agreement made by
two parties with the fails in performing the
obligations mentioned at the time of creating an
agreement with the acceptance of both parties like
free of consent. ...
1.Discharge by Performance
When the parties to a contract fulfil the obligations
arising under the contract within the time and
manner prescribed, then the contract is discharged
by performance.
2. Discharge by Mutual Agreement
If all parties to a contract mutually agree to replace
the contract with a new one or annul or remit or
alter it, then it leads to a discharge of the original
contract due to a mutual agreement.
3. Discharge by the Impossibility of Performance
If it is impossible for any of the parties to the
contract to perform their obligations, then the
impossibility of performance leads to a discharge of
the contract. If the impossibility exists from the start,
then it is impossibility ab-initio. However, the
impossibility might also arise later due to:
An unforeseen change in the law
 Destruction of the subject-matter essential
to the performance
4. Discharge of a Contract by Lapse of Time
The Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes a specified
period for performance of a contract. If the promisor
fails to perform and the promisee fails to take action
within this specified period, then the latter cannot
seek remedy through law. It discharges the contract
due to the lapse of time.
5. Discharge of a Contract by Operation of Law
A contract can be discharged by operation of law
which includes insolvency or death of the promisor.
6.What is acceptance ?What are the rule
governing a valid acceptance?
Section 2(b) of the Indian Contract Act defines
Acceptance as "when a person to whom the
proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the
proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when a
accepted, becomes a promise.The person making
the proposal is called the “promisor”, and the
person accepting the proposal is called “promise
Essential Elements of a Valid Acceptance :
1.Acceptance must be Communicated :
To constitute a Valid Contract, the acceptance must
be communicated and moreover, such
communication should be made to offeror. mere
intention or mental determination to accept on the
part of the offeree is no acceptance.
2.Acceptance should be absolute and unqualified :
According to Section 7 of the Indian Contract Act
1872, acceptance must be absolute and
unqualified, means without any deviation of any
kind in the proposal or without any condition. An
acceptance gives rise to a binding contract only
when it is unqualified and coincides in its terms with
those of the offer.
3. Reasonable Time :
To be legally effective acceptance must be given
within the specified time limit, and if no time is
stipulated, acceptance must be given within a
reasonable time. because an offer cannot be kept
open indefinitely.
4. Acceptance should be expressed in some usual
and and reasonable manner, unless the proposal
prescribes the manner of acceptance -
The acceptance should be expressed in usual
manner or as per mode prescribed. According to
Section 7(2) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 the
acceptance must be expressed in some usual and
reasonable manner unless the proposal prescribed
the manner in which it is to be accepted.
5. Acceptance must be made before Revocation of
offer
Section 5 of the of the Indian Contract Act says that
Offer can revoked at any time before the
communication of acceptance is posted but not
afterwords. Therefore acceptance must be made
before such revocation.
7.All contracts are agreements but all
agreements are not contract comment
A contract is defined as “an agreement enforceable
by law” in Section 2 (h) of The Indian Contract Act,
1872. An agreement between private parties
creating mutual obligations enforceable by law. The
basic elements required for the agreement to be a
legally enforceable contract are mutual assent,
expressed by a valid offer and acceptance; adequate
consideration; capacity; and legality.
1. A contract is defined as “an agreement
enforceable
2. by law” in Section 2 (h) of The Indian
Contract Act, 1872. An agreement between
private parties creating mutual obligations
enforceable by law. The basic elements
required for the agreement to be a legally
enforceable contract are mutual assent,
expressed by a valid offer and acceptance;
adequate consideration; capacity; and legality.
Offer: An offer is a proposal made by one
party to the other party which expresses the
willingness of the party to be bound on terms.
3. Acceptance: Acceptance means the offer
has been accepted with the terms of the offer
by the party to whom an offer was made.
4. Consideration: A Consideration is to be
made by the parties after acceptance of the
offer.
5. Intention: There must be a clear intention
of both parties that the agreement is a legally
binding contract.
6. Certainty: The terms or conditions of the
contract must be clear and may be discussed
between the parties and may be understood in
the same manner by both parties. The terms or
conditions should not be unlawful or
unenforceable.
1.All Contracts are Agreements
All Contracts are agreements as for the formation of
a contract, an agreement is always necessary.
There cannot be a contract where there is no
agreement. Without an agreement, a contract
cannot be formed. Therefore, All Contracts are
Agreements.
2.All Agreements are not Contracts
Only those agreements become contract which
gives rise to a legal obligation. If no legal duty is
enforceable by an agreement, it can never be a
contract. And hence agreement is a broader term
than Contract.
8.Distance b/w contract of sale and agreement
to sale
1. When the vendor sells goods to the
customer for a price, and the transfer of
goods from the vendor to the customer
takes place at the same time, then it is
known as Sale. When the seller agrees to
sell the goods to the buyer at a future
specified date or after the necessary
conditions are fulfilled then it is known as
Agreement to sell.
2. The nature of sale is absolute while an
agreement to sell is conditional.
3. A contract of sale is an example of
Executed Contract whereas the
Agreement to Sell is an example of
Executory Contract.
4. Risk and rewards are transferred with the
transfer of goods to the buyer in Sale. On
the other hand, risk and rewards are not
transferred as the goods are still in
possession of the seller.
5. If the goods are lost or damaged
subsequently, then in the case of sale it is
the liability of the buyer, but if we talk
about an agreement to sell, it is the liability
of the seller.
6. Tax is imposed at the time of sale, not at
the time of agreement to sell.
7. In the case of a sale, the right to sell the
goods is in the hands of the buyer.
Conversely, in agreement to sell, the seller
has the right to sell the goods.
 9.define unpaid seller. What are the right against
the goods
If the buyer fails to pay the price within the decided
time, then unpaid seller has the right to keep
the goods in his possession and he can refuse to
deliver the goods until the due payment is paid.
RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER UNPAID Seller has
RIGHT: 1.RIGHTS against the goods 2.RIGHTS
aganst the buyer personally Rights against the
goods:can be discussed under two heads:
 .WHEN property in goods has passed
.when property in goods has not passed When
property in goods has passed: following
3rights r available to the unpaid seller if
property in goods has passed to the buyer;
 RIGHT OF STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT: Right of
stoppage in transit is a right of stopping the
goods in transit after the unpaid seller has
parted with the goods. If the goods r in transit
he has aright to resume the possessing of
goods as long as they are in the course of
transit .this right is available to the unpaid
seller only when the buyer become insolvent
and when the goods r in transit.
10.What are the essential of valid contract give
example where needs
 contract has six important elements so that it will
be valid which is offer, acceptance, consideration,
intention to create legal relation,
certainty and capacity. If the main elements are not
in contract, it would be an invalid contract.
A contract is valid and legally binding so long as the
following six essential elements are present:
 offer,
 acceptance,
 consideration,
 intention to create legal relations,
 legality and capacity,
 certainty.
Example: A valid contract is one that meets the
basic elements of contract law. For example, you
sign to buy a blue house, and the house is blue;
thus the contract is valid. A
voidable contract provides the option to rescind by
either party. At the creation of the contract, it
is valid but it could be voided in the future.
11.Enumerate The Different Type Of Intellectual
Properties Recognised Trip Agreement
The TRIPS Agreement, which came into effect on 1
January 1995, is to date the ... industrial designs;
patents including the protection of new varieties of
plants; ... intellectual property provided for under
the Agreement to the persons of other Members. ...
.The five major types of intellectual property are:
 Copyrights.
 Trademarks.
 Patents.
 Trade Dress.
 Trade Secrets.
12.explain the fundamental rights and duties an
induna citizen?
Following are some of the important rights of
the citizens of India in accordance with the Constitution.
 Right to Equality.
 Right to freedom.
 Right against exploitation.
 Right to freedom of religion.
 Cultural and Educational Rights.
 Right to Constitutional Remedies.
13.What are the memorandum of association
example briefly the clause of memorandum of
association
A memorandum of association (MOA) contains a
name clause, registered office or business
location clause, objective or objects clause,
liability clause, capital clause, as well as
an association clause. MOAs are legal
documentation that are prepared prior to the
registration of limited liability companies (LLCs).
As per Section 2(56) of the Companies
Act,2013 “memorandum” means the memorandum
of association of a company as originally framed or
as altered from time to time in pursuance of any
previous company law or of this Act. ... Section 4 of
the Companies Act,2013 deals with MOA.
Example. The format of the memorandum of
association is clearly explained under section 4 of
the companies act, 2013. The format of MOA
should be represented in tabular forms. And it
consists of 5 tables which start from A to E. Each
table represents the form of moa for different kinds
of organizations. It is as follows-If the company is
limited by shares, one can use Table A as a form
for the memorandum of association. If the company
is restricted by guarantee and doesn't have any
share capital, then we can use table B as a form for
the moa.If the company is limited by guarantee and
having some share capital, then table C is used as
a form for the mo. Table D is a form for the
memorandum of association for the companies
which are unlimited with no share capital. If th
14. What are the condition and warranties?
Discuss implied conditions and warranties
A condition is a stipulation which is essential to the
main purpose of the contract. A warranty is a
stipulation which is collateral to the main purpose of
the contract. ... For the breach of warranty, the
affected party can claim damages only. 3. A breach
of condition may be treated as a breach
of warranty.
a condition in a contract that is not expressly stated
or written. It maybe implied by fact and deed, viz.
the parties' actings; or it may be implied by law,
either case law or statute. For an example, see
QUALITY. A condition is a stipulation which is
essential to the main purpose of the contract.
A warranty is a stipulation which is collateral to the
main purpose of the contract. 2. For the breach
of condition, the affected party can abandon the
contract of sale.
 Under the implied category
are three major subtypes:
 the implied warranty of merchantability
(only given by merchants),
 the implied warranty of fitness for a
particular purpose,
 the implied warranty of title.