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Connection
Connection
Connection
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
Types of Connections
Simple Connections Eccentric Connections
Bearing Type
68402/61420 Slide # 7
Types of Connections
68402/61420 Slide # 8
Simple Bolted Connections
68402/61420 Slide # 9
Simple Bolted Connections
P P
Tension member
Connection/ splice
P P
Beam end
Simple shear connection
68402/61420 Slide # 10
Simple Bolted Connections
P P
68402/61420 Slide # 12
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
Elastic Analysis
Pc = P/n
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
Ultimate Strength Analysis of
Eccentric Bolted Connections
The following conclusions were also shown:
F
Failure rotation does not happen around the elastic center but
around an instantaneous centre (IC)
The IC does not coincide with the EC
e The deformation of each bolt is proportional to its distance from
the IC
Similar to the elastic analysis, the connection capacity is
governed by the force in the farthest bolt
ri
EC
M
≡ IC
F
e
ro
68402/61420 Slide # 27
Ultimate Strength Analysis of
Eccentric Bolted Connections
M Fe
ri
Measured at the elastic centroid EC
rb
b max IC
rmax F
e
Experiment ally 8.6 mm e
At failure
n
F x
zero ≡ R
i 1
xi Fx Eqn (1)
F y
zero ≡ R
i 1
yi Fy Eqn (2)
68402/61420 Slide # 29
Forces on Eccentrically-Loaded Bolts with Eccentricity
on the Faying Surface
• Ultimate Strength Method (Instantaneous Center of
Rotation Method)
R = Rult(1 – e-0.394)0.55
Pu
e’ e
R = Nominal shear strength of 1 bolt at a deformation , k
Rult= Ultimate shear strength of 1 bolt, kN
1 R1 2
= Total deformation, including shear, bearing and
d1 d2 R2 bending deformation in the bolt and bearing
IC CG deformation of the connected elements, in. (max = 8.6
mm for 20 mm ASTM A325 bolt)
d4
3 d3 4 1/d1 = 2/d2 = … = max/dmax
68402/61420 Slide # 30
Ultimate Strength Method (Instantaneous Center of
Rotation Method)
68402/61420 Slide # 31
Ex. 6.4 – Eccentric Connections – Ultimate Method
Determine the largest eccentric force Pu for which the design shear
strength of the bolts in the connection is adequate using the IC
method. Use bearing-type 20 mm A325X bolts
e = 100 Pu
e’=60 mm mm - Design shear strength per bolt (Ex. 7-1)
Ru = Rn= 77.8 kN
1 R1 2
75 -After several trials, assume e’= 60 mm.
d1 d2 R2 mm Bolts 2 and 4 are furthest from the IC,
IC CG therefore 2 = 4 = max = 8.6 mm
75
d4
d3
mm - Compute i and Ri in tabulated form:
3 4
R3 R4
75 mm 68402/61420 Slide # 32
Ex. 6.4 – Eccentric Connections – Ultimate Method
Bolt h v Rd
d (mm) R (kN) Ry (kN)
# (mm) (mm) (mm) (kN.mm)
1 22.5 75 78.3 5.47 72.7 20.9 5692
Check:
Pu= (Rd)/(e’+e) = (26554/(60+100))
= 166 kN ~ Ry = 165.14 kN (OK)
68402/61420 Slide # 33
CONNECTION
Elastic Analysis
Main assumption:
the fastener load–deformation relationship is linear and that the yield stress is not
exceeded.
•Bolt tension B0 B
•Prying force Q
•The corresponding bolt
force, including the effects
of prying, is Bc
38
Figure 7.27
Prying
Action
Tb M aa Qa
M bb Qa
Bc T Q
39
Figure 7.28
Prying Action
pt 2f Fu
M a a design strength b M b b
4
b
Bc T Q Bc T 1
1 a
M bb
M aa
4.44Tb'
Re quired t f LRFD Solution
pFu (1 )