Introduction to

Diagnostic Tools for

Cardiovascular Diseases
in Dogs and Cats
Agenda
Blood Pressure
Measurement
 Blood Pressure Measurement

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Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = DAP + 1/3 (SAP–DAP)

Systemic hypotension
Systemic hypertension
Systemic hypertension: TOD (Target Organ Damage)
 Doppler VS Oscillometer

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Doppler

oscillometer
 Measurement Method

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 Measurement Method

• Find the pulse first by palpation and then place the probe at the site where the pulse is felt. Alternatively, place the prob e in the
approximate location of the pulse and move it around until the characteristic ‘whooshing’ sound of the pulse can be heard.

• Once the artery has been located, hold the probe still and inflate the cuff until the ‘whooshing’ sound of the pulse is no lo nger heard.

• •Gradually deflate the cuff using the pressure release button/valve and listen for the return of the ‘whooshing’ sound.

• •Note the level on the pressure gauge (reading in mmHg) as soon as the return of blood flow (‘whooshing’ sound) is heard.

• Inflate and deflate the cuff a number of times to record several readings, ensuring the cuff is completely deflated between r eadings. Take
the average value as the systolic blood pressure reading.
 Measurement Method

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGTLoUUXUrI

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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwRXO2CeWC8
Anti-hypertensive Drugs
 Thoracic
Radiography
 When we need thoracic x-ray ?

• Cough
• Dyspnea
• Exercise intolerance
• Check lung metastasis
• Traumatic patient
• Monitor
Interpretating Diagram
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system
Heart size and shape
Heart size and shape
Heart size and shape
Vertebral Heart Score
Vertebral Heart Score
Vertebra Left Atrial Size
Microcardia
Right Sided Cardiomegaly
Right Sided Cardiomegaly
Right Sided Cardiomegaly

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Left Sided Cardiomegaly
Left Sided Cardiomegaly
Left Sided Cardiomegaly

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Generalized Cardiomegaly

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Thoracic blood vessels
Thoracic blood vessels
Thoracic blood vessels
Thoracic blood vessels
Thoracic blood vessels
Congestive Heart Failure
Trachea
Trachea
Lung
Lung
Lung
 Lung Pattern

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Vascular Lung Pattern
Bronchial Lung Pattern
Bronchial Lung Pattern
Bronchial Lung Pattern
Nodular Interstitial Lung Pattern
Nodular Interstitial Lung Pattern
Nodular Interstitial Lung Pattern
Nodular Interstitial Lung Pattern
Unstructural Interstitial Lung Pattern
Unstructural Interstitial Lung Pattern
Unstructural Interstitial Lung Pattern
Alveolar Lung Pattern
Alveolar Lung Pattern
Alveolar Lung Pattern
 Case Study

Sunday, January Sample Footer Text

31, 20XX
Case 1
Case 1
Case 2
Case 2
Electrocardiography
 Indication for ECG

• Arrhythmia detected
• Syncope
• Critical care
• Anesthetized animal
 Interpretation of ECG

• Cardiac arrhythmia ***

• Cardiac ischemia
• Cardiomegaly (non-specific)
• Cardiac monitoring
Equipment
Procedure
The Six Limb Leads

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ECG Paper
ECG Morphology
P wave
PR Interval
Q wave
R wave
S wave
QRS Complex
T wave
Heart Electrival Circuit
 Reading ECG

Sunday, January Sample Footer Text

31, 20XX
 Interpretation Step-by-step

1. Heart rate (fast or slow)

2. Rhythm (regular or irregular)
3. Calculate PR interval (**identify P wave**)
4. P-QRS-T association (associated or not associated)
5. QRS shape ( tall&narrow or wide&bizarre)
6. Named
1. Calculation the Heart Rate
2. Assess the Rhythm
3. PR Interval
4. P-QRS-T Association
5. QRS Shape
6. Name the arrhythmia
Normal sinus rhythm
Normal sinus rhythm
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Echocardiography
Echocardiography
Echocardiography
Echocardiography
Blood Testing
 Blood Testing

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Thank You