FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY(6113)

UNIT :VIII
‘ ELECTRICAL WIRING ‘

BY : Mrs S S Umare
Point 8.1:
WIRE or CABLE
The term wire and cable are used more or less synonymously in house wiring
.Single wire may bare or covered with insulation is known as wire and several
wires stranded together is known as cable .
It consists of three parts :
a) The conductor or core : the metal wire or strand of wires carrying the current
b) the insulation or dielectric : a covering of insulating material to avoid leakage of
current from the conductor
c) The protective covering for protection of insulation from mechanical damage.
•Type of conductor : Cu or Al
•Type of insulation : Vulcanized rubber ,VIR ,PVC, paper ,silk ,cotton, XLPE
Multi strand cables : It has following advantages as compare to single solid
conductor hence it is preferred –
•It is more flexible and durable and therefore can be handle convenitaly
•Skin effect is better
•The number of strands in standard cables must be 3,7,19,37,61,91 and so on in
order to obtain the circular shape
SWG plate :
•Size of wire :
1) The size of cable can be given by a designation giving number of strands and
gauge number of each strand
For Example : A cable having three strands each of gauge twenty SWG may
be referred as 3/20 .In this system numerator indicates the number of strands
employed and denominator indicates the gauge number of each strand .
For example : 1/18 , 1 indicates number of strand and 20 indicates gauge
number
For example : 7/20 , 7indicates number of strand and 20 indicates gauge
number

Voltage Grading of cable : 240/ 415 V , 660/ 1100 V

This specifies the same voltage which is the insulation of cable can withstand. The
cable employed for domestic wiring are graded 240/ 415 V , 660/ 1100 V .
General Specification of cable or wire :
!) Size of cable in metric system (1/18,3/20)
2) Conductor used ( cu ,aluminium)
Number of cores that consists of ( single core, twin core, three core , three
core with ECC )
3) Voltage Grading : 240 / 415 V , 660/ 1100 V
4) Type of cable with clear description regarding insulation ,shielding
,armouring .breading

For E.g : 1) 1/18, copper conductor ,single core , 240/415 V grade ,PVC
cable confirming to the IS : 1885 ( Part 32)-1972
Different Types of wires /cables :

1 VIR wires
2 PVC wires
3 TRS ( Tough Rubber sheath or Cab Tyre Sheath ) wires
4 Lead Sheath wires
5 Weather proof wires
6 Flexible wires
Point 8.2 :
Following are the types of wiring system used in computer room :

Casing capping wiring system

Conduit wiring system : 1) Surface conducit wiring system
2) Conceal conducit wiring system
1) Casing capping wiring system :
2) Conduict wiring system:
Point 8.3 :
Meaning of Power and Ligthting circuit :
Lighting circuit :
1) Light, fan and 5 A socket outlets wired on comman circuit ,Each sub circuit
should have not more than total of 10 points of lights, fans and 5 A socket outlet
2) The load on each sub-circuit shall be restricted up to 800 W

Power sub -circuit :

1) The load like Air conditioner , refrigerators means which uses 15 A socket
outlet
2) The load on each power sub circuit should normally restricted up to 2500 W
3) In no case should there be more than 2 outlets on each sub circuit
 Layout of Computer room wiring :

Switch
Switch board Switch board
board
for PC -1 for PC -3
for PC -2

ICDP
switch
15 A ,250
V ICDB
Light and
fans in room

Power subcircuit
( A.C)
Computer wiring :
Wiring diagram of socket board: