I 9!

r
E
H
!!3'9
E!i = H ieg #i*E o,.
!! 93!
E
rq

E::E sur!Ei:"i-i;;g
-o 6! s; u o=EE do 6 ff; ,-E-o
-g El

irg
e[!*i; 3 c, $ E P i s.d
: !r .gEte igJ r d;.r'=:Ei,
.9f;€ g E= EE
E5 6 E,9i35
!r r{{ t !€IE
E!
EE:; !i iI* H5; !i
i eG i bM i, 4 ..fsE..f
-!
; d =!
E dE d EE d-! d G 6
EirE 993€
,ig: i+ EtcE.nE
z
"C2.-
a 6 : 6 ii--
" :a
- tsc.J:
:3
I.E ; E i-E E ot9ra;
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**EE:t.e* 5 ElltBE xirI
i ! E
EgE
r,;
E $.E
![Fi
Hii .eE EegF=t
E-.b
EE.q eE
- P;iJ
Hi;
*E EgE:*!
[;Er! -*- .Ei iE-
H F
E:e
,9,g
€EEtEE
1::::: '., llIlii i:"F
E?F :
, -"
g $
:
:€al
!3E i ! =H
d-a: c o !!.!.>
e ,t=tni o ;E; E 5 !i:
cF 5
;ao_
ri 3E--ge f '6
;El ! i igi
odi .9 .9 -lE:
t.i * ,rt E!- H i!iEE- "3-5
l-E E!3: !6;
r33i;ii
E + EEF"&E-E
= :e6i;E! '-}
;;: ;.8 if!
E flH :i-e .!i
$rJ!i ;9q,g:;:3
*t
o': ,!
t ?4 L z

E
89 i n , . = b B
-E5 E E:5 ii &3.E
I q !igE.!!=t5B
! s:* scEIi !i
;+ E:;i,i e€ *E
d
.9 sr:Ei io.re g

Hir iii It
H;E:
Ei;e ;':EE;..691cr
H; E .i:
Fili ti; F]!! E t;E:;Eortooo
!E€!-iTi€
odz g;Egc:Esr:=ci Fg F;;: 3i:gEebEEE
E!: e
o.....
z E;*!;
c,PNrN4nnlM)sdn.8hd.1554690 H)
 tui_
arl;l?lltlitiirtl 89
. Proper nouns are the . Abstlact nouns are
collective
Absrract
^.rrooo
names of a particular things that we cannot Ptopet
person, couniry, town, see 01 touch but can Common
city, streei. month and feel and think aboul. UncountabJe
. l{ames oI special Gender G
. The first letter oI a qualilies, emotions, slngular& Plurals
proper noun is always a actions or conditions. ACRONYM J CAP 2C GS
capital letter. . lt is used to reler to
Examples: Mr Le€, Siti leelinas, conc€pts, &MEMoilr*r
N!rhaliza, Dr Johari ideas, states of mind.
Malaysia, Singapore, Examples: love, ioy,
music, hapDiness l.i|eEer'asmalFtd.6khepoldle

Common nouns are . used when we reler to a

general names that number ot people, animals
reter lo people, animals, or objects thai belons to
obiects, buildinss, places,
Examples: band, class,
Examples: baby, lion, pen, llock, comb, school

. This noun tells whether a . l{ouns hav€ two numbers:

. t{orns can be divided into two: person or an animal is a
a Countable l{ouns ' The sinsular number (one
person, animal, ihing or
a Uncountable Nouns . There are loul types ot place)
' Countable nouns - used tol gender. . The plural numbel (more
thinss that can be counled. They a Masclline - us€d Ior all than one person, animal,
can be used in the singular ol thins or place)
plural forms. . Feminine - use.l tor all . Phral nouns are divided
. Uncountable nouns - used lor
things that cannot be counted. a Common - used lo. bott
They do not have a plural form.
. reAular plurals
. Neuter -
used lor thins5 a ilregular plurals
which hav€ no life or *r a foleign plurals

9^*.oot +MEMoilE5

1, Hls uncb re.Mays busy.

Example:
Stt , sit he1e.

Example:
Siti, secretary oI the

Example: . Dir€ct object Example:

. Fatimah took
. Fatimah likes
Exampl€:
. lndirect obiect
Ali waited
. Ali boucht cakes . The board ol direF
tors nominated Fati
nah as the marager.

oPNrNemi lM)sd 3hd 1s546e0 H)

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGTI MIIID iIAPS ENGLISH GiAMMAR .*##.#6
F r h rhe b anlls th rhe i the
'ighisords
(tailor, s d s,n ne'J
2 A rooksaiie'sick@o0re. lle h€r famer tu6e)
3. AFrngdog s6Lreda- 0:mb p@B,ldtei)
4 A_h$6 ('dbr,wolf,iake)
(u oo .adb. nabh)
.baby 6 a-, nAs. (d!r,whisre,bel)
TAkrg ivesif, i (hoN,Parae bd)
. pupit ' lwebs, deds, msb)

.sirl .Mr Tan O Phces-. / Buildlngsr

Fldo*,/Feeling64 .child -. '.dst otlice
. happiness .rhoueht .oain
-
,l .question ,knowledse .anser ::1?*' .iir'uiv
iag- 'so€ech.ambition . hobby
MEruoRYEsr . pity !freedom
.bank
.park
'n"""" .stadium 1'11/i0hAhkeinypeml?

4.Sh.is|bkineemeaowe6inlhe
offi 4. Ire darg* i the basret
l

.dog 'e
5 Pre6epurssbacinrheal
.brtterlly
'Iish .drasonlly 7.Ihe kite ls t yhg high in rlre sr0.

3,rr.rsh.m h:w s!ght lot ot

'tiger
d
.lion .bag 9,ftewiid s blosing ihe c Duds away.

.eagle . elephant -
10'rhe dlywdo,niercad (

l0. olie' s mok i( ii the k rchei.

c
ACROI{YM : cAP C

o-l
$a-MtMoRYTEsr Example of sentences
1. It is a pencll.
2. That is a butle ly.
3. They are children.
4. This is a tree.
5. That is a restaurant
5. li is a tigel.
PEOPLE ANIMALS OBJECTS BUILDINGS PLACES 7. This is my school.

'baby .tiger 'pen .mosque 'airport Note: Pencil, butterf ly,

.giralfe 'Pencil 'lighthouse children, tree,
.tather .tion 'conrputer .temple .stadium
.teacher .horse .plate .school .park restaurant, tlgea and
.mother .snake . radio . church . beach
.carpenter . fros 'umbrella . r€staurant
.sister .zebra
.doctor .turtle
.children .rabbit 1. P€ople P
.student .squirrel z,Animab A
3. Obiects o
4.Building B
peop e af,imas
5. Places P
nams rhdBle'to5n?iithings
dj€d,hL'irdhss pbesrhedoc,ritt€otf d wrh5
ACRO YM : PAo BP
Fhbnft mNlsikbedn$amtep
9 @ PNI Neuron (M) Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)
,

a An abstract noun is something that we cannot see or touch

but can only feel or think about. lt is a feeling, a condition
or an action. Examples :

tdm rouns fiom re h rovioa adtdcrfieE.

l.cruer .- x . appreciation . co{peration

iH,tr* - --. hope . judgement . concentration L|X"X,
;ift _
4.ror*r
. contlict . decision . truth
. laughter . marriage . *"rn'*n - 'a
' pride . punishment , poetry . wisdom

e
F"j":15'
.iF.nE
Ltts
1,. di;"."_."'.fi;r*j;;:*'
. admiration .
ErtuGlDmri.hrlodr'{
\_
ri""J"# 4*-*""*iil#***H]
chitdhool I .-..:--'.
: 'l
_ ;' rdri6s prcrii$s
lsros hndd65
hdrody palhmo
bichbe$
d,nger
hoslJt tity

lH .- - i;;G;;"b'lqf'q:-q1"gl:9rf'n:951 ., .

(a) Christine is (a) Swee Ching is a

married to Charl happy and cheertul 3. (al I am atraid to go
(Verb)
Eirl. (Adjective) ort after drrk.
(b) Their marriage
{bl I can see happiness The woods was
took place in on my grandfather'3
a. church. lace. complete darknes

8P
Itblr!l.!.Eir-!-rE!.h,
. l.crtrr L.drbha4.
\U
A proper noun is a name that b€longs to only one person
or thing. lt is a special name for a particular person, thing,
place, country, etc. A proper noun always {
begins with a capital letter. Examples: ifu

pn0pln N0uNs . Moo Evere$isrherriehednou air

ilu0ljl'l)

O PNlNeuron (l\4)Sdn. Bhd. {554690-H)

 *!a ':
MEMORY MASIERY INROUGH MINO MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR
'ssffits
o&@
(g,r.or...,,
A collective noun is the name ot a number oI
things or persons taken together as one thing.
Examples : a
/tq
a If--' M EMoRY IEST
eJ]>wmRYrs
rindshehem@l-'-\,

M6rcclrisa(buidb,fi- t/nfra.
mrcds)orpid6
l

OBJECTS
ANIMALS
. a
.
string oI pearls a loa{ oI braad
. a pride ot lions . a library ol
. . a pack of cards
a herd ol cattle books
. . a set ol tools
a swarm o{ bees . a sheat oI
. . a row of houses
.
a litter of kittens; puppies
a school ol whales ff-17
e . a bunch ot keys
. a bundle ol rags
. a peal oI bells
. a tlock of sheep Cft$jdtil @ . a chest ol drawers . a cluster ol
. a team ol ho.ses; oxen diamonds
. a gaggle ol geese . a shoal IL . a suit of clothes
. a group ol
.
.
.
a hive o{ bees
a pack of wolves
ol lish t . a batch ol bread
. a fleet of cars; ships islands
. a suite ol furniture; rooms
a tlight of swallows E
. . a coll€ction ol pictures
a troop ol monkeys
. a flicht of siepq aeroplanes
. a brood ol chickens C, . a bale of cotton; wool
. a nest ot mice
\a T
sp rl +d7Ti:tl
tv 1. Heg e nea
PEOPLE E
PII\NTS 4. She has a _ oi HappyFanrrY

5. Hd h6 borghr a _

. a party ol friends Itt ofrooh.

. a lroupe of dancers
. a bench ol magistrate$ bishops to
.U
. an army oI soldiers . a basket; crate o{ fruit
.a band oI musicians . a bouquet ol llowers
. a board of directors . a pack ot N . a bunch ol grapes; bananag
. a choir ol singers liars, . a clump ot trees
. a company ol actors rascals
3
. a hedge ol bushes
. a cre\ ol sailors . a tribe ol . a punnet of strawberries
. a lield of runners nalives . a comb ol bananas
. a team ol players . a cluster o{ trapes; coconuts
. a BanB ol labourersi thieves . a sheat of corn , I ltrj*4
. a slaff ol teacherq servants . a stack of hay :-;J-*i.l;*it
. a class ol scholarsi pupils .atultottrass S i;gllF
. a crowo ol pcople "A
. a bevy ol ladies
"":]:]TTTaE
-
zrJliliL LD , . a lorest of trees
461 D'Dsu uor"
'.? colhdr$mmsFrdbssForJ m e drn rh.r6u,rlc.
airmateririesrcrdb ! grhiigsachas9eop eaM.ilmiB.
rnanimale ihings rere' to i0n ftg hhgs iiduding planls,

fl O PNlNeuron (M)Sdn. Bhd.(554690'H)

 *nr U{ltst}.*i"Uttiq,ruil,lry"
Common Nouns can lrf)ts_-Yffi., f,
u,4sinltu- : 96}'ffi;+l .
;"j
be divided into two : Ua{^il4*.il8ri{,}*J ^r;-rir
li"*"i"".

nouns which can be nouns which cannol b€ r.sMhrs

mik rl[erg?
counted. counled.
4. dsedogsaft barl ie.
ri They can be in the singular They are always in
or plural forms. ;1 the singular Iorm.
- sinsutu, -"un. on.. ffllJ
.4 Plural means more than one, . rice . oil
' .ri . sall
Articles 'a' or ran' are . flour
used betore the . water . sugar i\=;rer
, singular nouns. . sand . tea Fliiihebkfum@dmaiy'
. milk . juice
i4quo
.acat .a pigeon
.abook .astick
. an eB8 . a rose, i
salts','three
3 HDv _ eggi rmG F! bolght?
. salts'. rsihere_n,g
an umbrella,' andregarw* cme.
0 in r.bort?

There ar€ c€rtain

words that are Only used + There are many
used for countable tor countable books on the t:ble.
2.lieYh ei Ce
and uncountable
nouns, Look ai the the old lady to carry 4.rsdwiklge
5. HebDnchts rge_of .€ fmm rtre shop.
table below: 6. thereh: er ofsug inrhe
+She bouCht several pens
lrom the shop. 7 Heh*ftrrcdeda ge_
. a large number ol
. a small number ot E+ she has a larCe numb€r of toys.

.?a only used with

E->There is too much sugar in lny tea.
uncountable nouns
. much E+' A little salt wilt make the soup tastier.
. a little There is a great deal of rubbish at the
a
. a great deal of E+
backyard ol her Iouse.

for countable
I need a lot of flour to make the cake-
p+ Mother bought some apples yest€rday.
Please add some susar into the drink.

E Are there any doughnuts in the box? f.ou,ratrTel

', ls ihere any milk in the bottle? loncountablc)

E + The grocer sold plerty ol eggs yeslerday. /.o@rabl.)

egSs yestddar. She adds plenty of s

@ PNlNeuron (l\,1)sdn.8hd. (554690 H)

fu ** J:1":F*f.UtiUlm,,:liir,ElSl"Ufl *l- t4$ ffi-flgfi
@ .,.lil?!t-. .-rrTEMD ,ifu
::'f
;;;i J,r\' ::'*' !:r* lt/ houses

Peftir
;".fi".pencirs ijlon ;'$*.
Pen pen5 i;;;; ii*"..
,'l t
"rtt. t
"rtt.. I

\ rhb€rfiod4 _@>MEMoRYrEsr
l''
o"" 1" m,, --'- E.' b"E
sTNGULAR i. -.,
NouNs '"tl1"ig-1'-1::^,..7/T#:l;m,,,
ruxs. . -,-:flXl'ni",il[",," Term'"rfiffi _ \ gk;
PLURAL ry
-ci,Ju""rg,u,*,"0'n"a*nc,t/
. a Person , an animal )""
. a prace , a thins :::il:' : :H,l'J" NouNs
. Wr put the articles 'a' or'an'
r We before \
or 'an' before - '- ---\
singular countable nouns. ] F*:-nt'+ I '
..A. is put betore any word that begins {i) We are good triends. /
wirh a consonanr souna. (ii) They are Mr Lee's chitdren.
. An'is put belore any word that I
begins . pturat nouns are divided into 2 /
\. qhtr*alsl,li;;Y ./ groups Rraqmbevi
... (i) We can hear an owl hooting:'
. regular plurals
" ' irregular plurals
-(ii)She is realLing a book,_ 7

CHANGING SINGULAR TO PLURAL NOUNS

There are certain rules need to be follotved when we are changing singular nouns
to plural nouns.
Singular Plurel Plrlal_.,
9_i"-c,t!4r
neg ar Plmals coltage cottages
singer singers
Rule ilo. 1 monlh months pilot pilols
dav days
the sinaular form calrot
song songs instrument
them plural
olfice
bank banks
rl sirls
p06 olthhg ar ua nori

it{lil/', Nt
13 @ PNlNeurcn (M)Sdn. Bhd.(554690 H)
, MEiIORY MASTERY
'|IROUGH
MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

'niiti xo: z >

Adding'es'to / \
nouns that end i [sincuGa
with's','sh', ,/
I abacus - abacuses I church - churches i
!ch' and
'x' /I dress - dresses / sandwich - sandwiches \
^ ExamDles: i bus - buses
bus-busesicrutch-crutches crutch - crutches
,& octopus - octopuses watch - watches
rg'.'*.-"..' lish - lishes I coach - coaches I
Rwrnsuso snlen@schaigngthe
Mds .
itr bord \hro prua
\ branch - branches \ tax - taxes
taxes i
Lnsdot.hasedrie..t \. wish - wishes lox - loxes
bush - bushes ,,'.. box " boxes i
class - classes / glass - glasses ./
gas - sases J dish - dishes
7 rl'e nou.. sar on rhe $.1t, - " Itr'Jr{TI]"fiI

"fife x;. 3 >

It the doun ends -l \
in 'o' the plural
il"stCn fPr-r..' I isrnguE- t pt"rat
is usually formed motto - motios banio - baflios
by adding 's' lo
kimono - kimonos hato - hatos
the singular.
prano - pranos i zero - zeros I
solo - solos \ dynamo - dynamos I
Examples : video - videos \r:\ radio " rrdios ,/
photo - photos
ilk
<^,//\.. kangaroo - kangaroos
-'ifdffia
dedinedw dshroshg! ar

i Singular I i s6cda- i_fi!r4! _

cargo cargoes
vertigo vertigoes
echoes
butlalo
hero heroes
mango mangoes
netro negroes
mosquito mosquiloes
tomato
potato potatoes. .^
- -mE[ffi1
)delie6rtdax".
. sr6iapr4sthelp'an0,piaic)dery*erra / t $!**F*b'ii" 4 Tiissd erhe-lgEh
. rh.B'i statu$*oeatkmmo kimomgdu,isrierap esnmr6rvrr.
i.\ 2 heg!{3:3ced!!3j! s T!!!r!!!s!r3!Glcl'rhe!!!!!
lule xo-
rri-
s tsr.
/ - ) '. '.' \-/ \
- -ir"ie!,_
i{g"t* l',,-f[',rt__l
story - stories i,
i ili!rc!i;" ]
Outy - duties
butterfly - butterflics / trasedy - iragedies
diary - diaries puppy - puppies
candy - candi€s gallery - galleries
lorry-lorriesltady-ladies
baby - babies
baby-babies\city-cities city - cities
army-armies\theory-theories
country - counirics \ cherry - cherries
iinit"$,""."'r,*".r*ehg
setrrese*le eomsdanshg \\ berry - berdes /.,
Dcrry factory
,/. tactory - Iactories
lactones :
o,. iniury - inixries
inixriets ^/
-/ party - parties
^,.
li,":i.Tii*:fi:11.
3 My " ^'sa
iffi"",","^,."
-:--' .., _ .__ " -sE-.qEw
'r'.nddna .
9'trre. . h
@ PNI Neron {M) sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)
 MASTERYTHROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GLISII GRAMMAR

Ttr,EI Rule No. 6

lf the noun ends in 'y' and
i
i
auY
donkey -
days
donkeys
fay rays there is a vow€l belore the 'y',
the plural is lormed by adding
I monkey - monkeys valley valleys
's' to the singular.
, key keys toy toys
guy guys
' boy boys
plav plays
sdort€ rono! ng

ord'. r,1.i"'s
Rule No. 7
rgularJ If p''."r t'' 'lii*"* Irf Plural
Changing'f', sfit,r"a ptural I" LSingutar L llstrfl
J
elf - elves li " call - calves
knife - knives I loal - loaves
!';'
^ExamPles: hool-hoovestl woll - wolves
r.t1 leal - leaves wife - wives
Rtr o th6e

bordirb pu:
$rts.es .hinCiig th. wmds
M*eohsimcsary changes
in
lile - lives ., ".^ thiel - thieves
half-,1- halves f"*
(!\ fimmco
- ftmSXEl "";ft*"---
nii"it *ro*s crmg
".,,,." $"
".c "
Ir c\" tr 0".
.0,
"e

A
tL .dr .F
t-Pt!,."j] tst"s"ta;-l I Pturat ] . Rute No. E
clitl - clills gulf - gults
Adding's' to nouns ending
rool reef " reels
chief - chiels
sherilt - sherilts

ornitu lii) eit lvJ rirs!

R€w&hAe*rt es.hargrnghewoidsin
.
The boy is happy
becaus€ he sot a new

. The boys are happy because . Ths3e keys belonc

they got new loys. iplrra,
to Mrs Rala. apluall
. The monkey is eatinc a banana.
@. thg poticernan has
caught the thief. rs,rgu/a.l
The monkeys are eating bananas. .The polic€men have cau8ftt
the thieYes. .r/d/l
During a hot day, the boys will . The wolf runs $'hen it s.63
go swimming,. (encutao the llg€.s. rsr'gd/a4
During hot days, the boys will . Tho wolves run when th€y 3e€
so swimminE. (ptunt)
Hamlles ol
The boy is playing
. I saw a call at ih6 tleld. tsrigular,l
tenlences:
the fi€ld. asii€u/a./
. l6av mary calves at thc lleld.
El . thts tB the way to go to
ys to go to
R'iburse* nes.rtrngrgte{ordsii , house. @tuat) / ,-' \
Arurougi $e rreevddseid wllh an ;ffi *--"ff -F-.iffi'""""""",,\,.,
sBashg! orpua wlt nithliem
a@ditrg ro Ilre.o dt fiercarcolhs

15 O PNI Neuron (M) Sdn. Bhd. (5s4690_H)

 I MEMORY MASTERY IHROUGH MIIID MAPS EI{CLISH GFAMMAR :.;@!
TOPIC T:sII{GUt^i NOUN! AI{D FIURAL I{OUI{S \l
ffi i 1ry,!: ::;.i:,. ;:j*!r;\.i
Some have unusual plurals. We chanse ihe inside Giv. rie pr!6r or rh. f0 toring nouis :
end vowel. Exarnples : ded
.se'j6 slmoi shep

Ioot teet mice

tungus lungi tooth teeth
goose geese
postman postmen

{Fm?k Solne nouns do not change at all" Tfie plural lorm is the same as the singutar
form. Examples:

sheep sheep furniture furniture

deer deer inlormation intormation
cannon cannon cod cod
salmon salmon
lish fish trout trout

amffir;-Addins'€n'tobecomepru,ar. Erampres: j b€ W bd M b€
children

brother-in-law brothers-in-law sisteFin-law sisters-in-law

son-in-law sons.in-law daughterinlaw daughters-in-law
passer-by passers-by looker-on lookers-on
spoonful spoonfuls cuplul cupluls
maid-of.honour maids-of-honour

&amples of sentences:
. The cat is sloeping undcr the table.
O ' The postman is chased away by the
(Singula| lierce dog, (Singular)
. The cats are sleeping under . The postmen are chased away by
the table.
(PluraD lhe lierce doa, (Plural)
. h lhe park (Singutat) .
@ I saw a deer @ She drank a cuplul of water.
. I saw some deet in lhe park (Plual) (Singutal
. She drank two cupfuls ot water.
E . This child is very clever. (Singular) (Plural)
. The3e children are very clever.
. The passer-by i3 looking at the
(PluraD
e) snake charmer, (S ingu I a r)
El .The woman is holding a handbag. ' The passers-by are looking at the
(Singula0 ,) ) snake charmeL lptural)
. The women are holding handbags. €F>ililonYrsr r-1
(Pluraq ciElieslie! ofrhetorro nSio!is:
.tlsi .l omd oi
.tunrilre
g PNI Neurun (lI) Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H) 16
ftr
Rul. o,5
PLURAL FORMS
.iongs pincers
. . goods
.cattle .jeans .slatistics
.spectacles .clothes .shears .contents
. pliers . pyjamas . pants . measles
.shorts . billiards

Nouns such as 'scissors', 'pliers', 'jeans', 'trousers', 'shears' and

pants have no sihgular lorm because they usually come in 'pairs'.

' Susheela wears

' Mother bought
' She uses a pair

chrtrsd erorrowing P u: Noumh heshgurarl0m.

chang€ the tonolingsiigula.Norni tothe Pr!kLtom.
.qrlabus.srnpmiun

r:ri:n. \ y'baci (abacuses)

.r
4 empofla
formulas
it..rr;, \/aquaria/aquariums /lormulae^ormuli \
firn;ii.: i baci i index indices/indexes
."ci.j.: r' cacli/caciuses larva larvae/larvi
..i:ii. /'\ .ri.a. phenomena
""1,lll -,--,/ \ dara .,/ irflulus stimuli
a..:; CI{)mr()l{ He is wearing trou
/ -. He is wearinc a tro or, He is wearing a pair ol
NRRORS
nerei0re $e,,/ -r.i Bring me the scissor. O Erirs me rhe scissors,
or, Bring me a pair of scissors"
1'l"i'd" \';: He is wearirs a speclacles.
,: U He is wearin€i spectacles.
She lik€s to rse a pant. A or, He is wearinc a pair of spec
( \a--l she likes to use pants.

rodshtrd hbshgu arMake

2 The tailor uses a
the
lkmala is wearing a pail ol

The santa Clause ls wearina a pair ol

led pants.
The carp€nter used a pair
to pull out the nail3 lrom
'... because they have measles.

L srre u5 a ran d (*rs6, sheaEl to cut ths cror' Chaigelhel0L0 igPualNormtorhesingll Fom
2. Hc u*d a Eir0r(!1r.6 tnfsl b Drck !D ledb6
@ PNi Neuron(rV)Sdn. Bhd. (554690.H)
 MEMORY IUASIERY IIiROUGH MIIiD MAPS EI{GLISH GMMMAR

Gend€r is the distinction of sex. lt tell3 whether a person or an animal

GENDER OF NOUNS is a male or aJenale. Gender tn srammar comes under lolr headinss.
.Ihemrd Geide/em6froh t dihrd'a6c' 0nilDxn 0t
' mtirigldndor$t
.fte Nrd helrea noaN ne rie',. ,t!ftrcaidd

.denotes the lemale .denote3 either

.
denotes the male . denoles things
sex, e.g. boy, king,
"-&lL
sex. e,g. girl, queen, sex. e.g. child,
pupil,
Mf
without life.
e,g. table, chair, lamp

sl'e le dD bdde. He slhe

h€ro hercin€

siant
girl t"'l
Mrl
neohew niece \\
papa
prcprietor p.oprietrix i
Girl Guide sir hadam
dauaht€r
Sultan Sult,rt

Lhl ol 0endei lfi mlnals

bull stallion
steer heiler
doDkey
leopard leopardes bitch
filly lion lioness tiger
wolf shewolf
Billrgoat Nannrgoat
buck"rabbit doerahbit

o PNrNeuron (lvl)Sdn.8hd. (554690 H)

 MEMORYMASTERY THROUGII MII{O MAPS ENCLISH GRAMMAR

6).lierbib r ook ne ra. rood

ANIMALS rM, pup. cygret, cr,rcren, ewEl
.Iro_b mk ig arie.lb db9.

&t I I I I

Billrgo

(rabbir)
lc.ttlc)
I lel€phanr)
stac (Red Deerl hind
{rowl)
tiser

.'K-
rq tr+*
eaFte eacte

""*
INSECTS, FISH AND OTHERS

F ElI Ead,,iY EYGE

"l;--E* I baby ifi
father mother child or burterfly caa€rpillar
prince or princess eet
.."j,',1""

klng queen elver

baby or child trog radpotc
negr63 piccaninny cockroach .ymph
, squae papoose moth caierpiltar
. salfron parr
Ih@ ar !r waF tomiig th, F.rirl4r!l. tr
rce dr t oad
:!Id.: .. . r.t:,,,j tour trv cY--c"r;""" fr"' ,r,. *"'r
it"' -:rr," u
0D'..rnc!shh."a\,tr4
-p,'-';ilffi::l'?,ilil;
&".""_*,':;::lll:=
| .npro
-l
L m,i
{'llrsrpLcinsdmdbetono'ar'.'.,! .GiFh"n-, il"o': . stei n,
ra,

sy.sdt N ny{oar, ;:- :._

Mkipam hln*ptll . ,'
-
@ t!@ @ @'@l@ tree_nest mole
@ G@,'
i
Arlb doser **q{t tape iortress
;;;h^. ;;;; ;;:". ;;;.;;;-" b;dge, sen.eddh hore nFs,
eonvir priqon oiomP
*iug" \., orvl
/'Eskimo igroo p"^-t
ban,rree
pnsoner @ll 9"u'"'
bee l1og"
hive Pig "
/ SP5Y \" slY

/ rerosMman streiting pdesr(church) temple bitd nesl pie8o1

n*g palace Red lndlan wi$ram bvrc rabbitltame) hurch

I,,' tumUennan log'cahin savage I ooC kennel rdbbii(wid) bunow waren
lunatic asylum soldis "OoO"
tamca,emp] eaete evrie sheep pen, rold
hou* swiss(herdsman) chatet i forvl coop snail shell
Maoi. shaie rinker rent I lox eadt\ lair spider ""b .j!'
ninister vicar t' harc fom sq0irel dre!
monk monastery workerkitD "iur"eutener"nt,f ho6e stable tig$ lan
foble €stle Zllo naat ,/ . lion den,lair wasp nest

O PNI Neuron (M) sdn. thd. (554690-!)

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oPN Ned(M)sdn. 8hd. 15546s0 H)
 .. MEMoRY MASTERY TTIRoUGH MIND MAPS EI{GLIsI{

Pronouns are words used to replace nouns. These include the nouns
Deople, aninals, places, countries, states, town5 and objects. [4aryhasap€nc .lMaryl kesthepencil.
The pronouns are divided into nine iypesr Maryw ieswith the pencil. Ner mother

The words [,laryand penci a€nouns.

They have been used manytimes.lnstead
ofusingth€ same nouns so manyiimos,

lvlaryhasa pencil. She k€sth€ penci,

Shew teswlih it. Her mothergave itto h€r
Thewords, she, tand herwhich are
used foror in plac€ olthe nouns, Mary
and pencil are called Pronouns.

Flffi
_&) ff' 1, Personal Ponouns
-
2. Possessive Pron o u ns
3. Relexive Prcnouns'
4 Rclative Pronouns -
- P
P
R
R
5. EmphaticPDnouns E
6. Denonstrative Pronouns- D
Z nterogative Prcnouns - |
".1)).'.-*,.1
. Dr.n.uns *hich tell u. to whom 8, hdefinile Pronouns - |

some thinas belongs, or L Dist butivePronouns- D

which show oenership or ACR0SIC: Feter Pan Rejects

nanes ol persons or things
Robin's Enomous Dinner
&ampres: I ne Answer the question 'Whose ?

a- tra Rerrexive Pronouns

A brdnoun which shows lhat a
person has done, or is doina
sofrethina to himsell. lt Ehows
that ihe doer is the subject and
also ihe object or lhe actior
expressed by the verb.

--\{ll -.' - They hid themselves.

na"rr"" e-"".. f)^
t R.lativ€ PtundD do6 two rellexiv€ Dronouns ln form, Th.'y
are Bed to sav some thlns3
strenaly, that is with lorccor
{i} lt t.k.s the place ofa no{n
e.-pr.s: -I my*lt did it,
joins two sent.nc€s. - Yo! yourselt nust learn to
arrll--i!.7rii lli)lt De!'h, rt'r.i"J F'u"atrns
l;..",.";-.^.""","*
u3ed lo D.int.n obiect or a DeFnl
\
- Denon.tr.tiw Dronoun3 arc: I
i:t'\lt -.- ^\ thls. the3e, th.t, those t
Int€rrosative Prdnouns I
ntf, J.oertir. P-..,n" -rr'i. i. fl'" r'..r. r'"...a. /
"*'o""4 . -rhele.re the chairs vou've /
a -_'\\\.{[ -/- - Th6y are: Who? whose? Which? \ ,"r."a ro.. I
$r"a"'-n.
e---'. 1-tnat is the eirl I *oldod,/
\- rhose are Harvati s ./
. p.rsons
r€ter to or things in
' Who baked the cake? "' \-t.. - /
as€n€ral say, but do noi refer
to a.y rerson or thing in
'Wftom did yo{ meet?
.Which is your bicy.le?
&;""",*,
.re called Distribrtive
nothinF anyone, alt, none,
. they reler to persons
somethi.g, someb.dy orthinss one al a tlne.

c rrenelf

oPN N&tui1M)sd 3hd r5546s0-H)

 -f "i;;;;MA;;;-iHi;Gl-rvrrnoqr4e?'enir-rixcmir,.ini''{1

PERSONAL PRONOUNS Personal pronouns are used in ptace ot names of peopte, anihats or
objects. Personal oronouns can be diyided into three:

FERSo!,,AL PROI OUruS !

1 SNira ewa 6r ri 15€ drain. _ M5 and dl/ry.
2 30bttel)lo re6rooka eriut 'er
2 Shor neh h ddh 3 dacs

It
Slng:rr.t

:rr-3i dtt?ir-.
undsiiiereproroM n rtr. f0 rosng sefrei* ard
sywrerrrsitks ngr ao.drnr.

# *-* },:lir',fi|li 3rili"[ li,ffi,l,

rEsr red 6 re subjed otrre slnene.

-G*,f
PLURAL

l.;ffi
PI.URAL
. * *tn. o*"to. I
d She told you a story. 6 "".
She rotd you a 3tory.
s L,!5 Tell him ro be quiet. €t Tell thefl to bc quiet.
I

4 a' Ask them to cook.

,!t Give it some lood, 6 Give thsn $me ldod-

ltiore enmep.. .
'fl&
6 She eiv€ me that

de houglrt us som€ baF.

lJro ie3.h€r s.old.d

r!t They ar€ gardening. E- The t€a.har s.nlde.l The tcacher scolded
6 Thcy are slneins.
Elils drinkrnd -J.!{=rht'*.a;.kt.t- !:tKcep th€D in the cago,
. lt is CrowinC. 6 They are g.osinC. ietcive th€m some water.

oPN Neuron iMrsdi. Brd 15546eoF) 22

 THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

trl
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n1 '
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s6;
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92

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bl =i
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tn I
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rt" -e E€:
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gitE :rF p€f
Gtlg _;:,E5i.EEe iEE
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su
.!r P! NelDr LMtsd, Bhd 1554ij90 I
 RULES FoR
ustNc pRoNouNs
1. (she iei
ires b q.re io $hoor
2. Ere yi madea pzarorlherhb)

2,'Feminine c.nder
lf the noun is a masculin€ send6r, ll
the pronoun must be in masculin€ <,)ll the noun is a leminine '^.rY the noun is in sinsular.
pronoun the pronoun must be in
sender, the must
be in leminine aender.
Bobby lik6 to read books.
He has a .ollection ol Sally boughi a dress. She !< The book is tfiin, lt has

Bobby: Masculine noun Sally : Feminine noun tl Susan hrs a .'f. Sh.
Flays with it every day.

mg*
;.;;;";;,"t;"-;;i;.;i.
rhe
'\Promms
Ged s the

be in the'subiect'
.
'"#*'T'""""'''$
subject ol a sentence fiusl'rpronouns
form
usod as the obi€c.
of a senten.. mu3t bo tn the
Myrriend3 and r vent to '.ui."t;ii.i.
cinema lasl Saturday. We went
there by bus. .€t They causht a bis fish. z, He Fave h€, and m€ some
The children are at the . Ei She and I cycle to schoot. ,-^ flowers.

E*r, ''
'*l;r*!!:-. \ h r;r,r*tls'tr,-!rl ja'
;;;tffitb,"sferewl$$$s;a .e"Eli';]c
Pr€oositions ,

t ;";;;";;;j:'"ij;;"'""" >)prcmmsceoj,;.'""' fl
musr be in the obiect lorm. ,tFronouns used atrer'as- t'
i" .nd.,than, musr bF in <r) Afts.t.t, u$ the objecr
""
6 The doc cha*d after mG. O subje.t rorm. to.m of th€ pronoun.
The dos chascd after l. (t EaahPtes:
E@nlles:
,t she is as thin as me. It
. She is as thin as l. O !4 Let you and t so. (t
rnc youna man smiled al us. /:l
: Let you and me go.
.{Fita sits betwecn her and fre.
^ / I am taler than him. O
6 \not laud' ar rhem and B. (\ I am ta er than he. .

ouns used after the verb 'to ,'

is, are, *as, were, have, b een, i t!?aenttt 1"
ln the sentence lhat have rbut'
b€, etc) must be h the subject lorm.i and 'excepti, *e use objecl
believed to be . is supposed to bo i
forusing
r"....e. fdrnm
1.Iiey e going hon€ to _
appear .to be.ome .to 3em ..
E\hples:

t is he. (not it is him) Everyone attended the wedding

is she. lnot it is herl
liose were thev. lnot those sere the l
wfup .r'.r 1.ot *t'o ir r'".21
ili::l#i;,!i"- &".""",",
wedding except n*-rr,"-a-**
Ls me is also acceptable)

o PNrNe!nn iM)sdi Bhd 15541i90 1l

lr'ffi l::;'T#r,*c.W;4$i"11*1.:+"sUUllni:""-,r Possessive onoun\ are used to show owning o
havins somethins ol your own.

re@
1.This is mycar.lt is mif€.
2. Those arc ourbooks. Those ate ours.
6.These pillows are thelrs.

. @b.thatisyourrins. e{moom
er: r ",n.
i,," , ,i"rion,.". 'ltlt itis vout"rins. \!
> vours
/
> lt is mine. - i, nirr"" -\r',.,- * :-:
dictionary.
lt is mine dictionary. '"i , lt is his. ""-""r...
--- ;
, hens
':"" T
' rt
-J*'l -,-iii;ii;. computer. lrrine -v
fouRi)
\::fnrie ana t rave a pet pvttron. fV ' lt is he
oua
f
I lt is ours.
o,.". irt
\/) (!!!!L
@ "E"t)
"'Zs'.,
CD sini has a beautilul
His
beauritut hat. II "
-rl
't,'"
' (x) l!\
a. . lt is ours
> python. @Lizzie a.d Maria > tr is hers. ]rcnOSlC,ruu"you
.l'..,, .! have a Barbie doll.
dorr. .
> is hers hat' (\)
ltttishershat. r
, TakenNty
-.1' ...r. - lt is theirs. (./) onngeHat?
, " .,> |r i. thei.s do!. )(^ .-: a
r,.rr,r:r
,
ii'; b'*hr, rh,b n,.

i",l;l'jr_" Ltjp$'
;-''* 'bo. " ,n 3n rdastui*{ithrie

iln ;lf __ _post siiw aiodoaffi

Hims€ll -ll
Reflexive Pronouns c
.Rdre ePrcnolmef,dii{eltsel6.
.IheyacsedRh.f, rhe blectad
H

(D e.g. sublect Gie) dled0eFa0 -0

* rttEllfr
lslreMshedthed$A
@ : You washed the .M

CROSTIC IHOY HOY T]N]

Gb
dysell. Lvouf
(D the hall

(D

the hall

@
Leela a.cidenlally cut
herselt sith the knife.

She planted the flowers

(D
luy lather painted the picture

He drew the picture himsell.

> One could easily arranse

e, PNLNe!rr (MtSdi Bhn 1554690H1

 Relative pronouns are used yhen joinine two senrenc€s toselher.
Relative Pronouns We lse relarive pronouns to describe more about the person or object
se are talking aboui.

.ltrilEl
4( is uscd lor Deople EEnples ot sente.c€s:
(Drhb is the man
sho yas sluns by
itrtrt
' Where is the boy who
He's the one who took my book.

,€t things
2 wHosE {!&:,-f
This b the \ ' This i3 the lady whose porso you found.
multvS ' The lady whose l€g is brok€n was sent
P?O 0UNS

\\' !{ is used lo.lhints

' I lik€ cat3 which have longlur"
My hrother llves ln a ' I lovc bi3cuits ehich have lots of cream,
bunsalow which ha. a
4 wtoM
@ rto woman to (B ste tit<es ro woar - The ghl whom w€ saw
yesterday is my neighbour.
' This is the youns lady whom

Iros aE rhe baes rhi.h I botrChr

. This is lh€ poli@mar that mn a nedal

. rhis is th€ dol r,|at was slvd to

he on ny birlhday.

I bought is
whom -w
That -T
rore a rcdshnal i'E!o.at'EdwF.b@e
llrepady,€slgdaycmyaunt. '!e rld!€n b*jnlnh!o!q-P

liteEdFliE Prondrs a.G u*d to ask

qEdioB Ihet a.c used o. placed

quesrion about someone

@wto i" rt. Who told you about rhc accident?

(B which drcs should I wear? 6 used when askins about a I2tr&El

>Whom dld you meet ye6terday?
>Whom dld they go with?
To whom should I Dass

i5 u$d rhd! rs*iia [3]EIIES

eedle or som.&is b G.d d|. r.llhs to > Whose is this nasazine?
dr6 $rdtirE tdqs to > Whose is this handbag?

SIM ^S-
:ffi;rnftTn
> which of them is the niccat?
>Which do you lik€ the be!t' piza,
2 ftvttl. wi clrl did sa, b burgor or hotdog?
'tl
o PNrNetrrcn(M)Sdn Ehd 1554690.H)
 lffiF i -".i# r**ouli r"io
; Y _.1_ "ni.*t '^'
rlimsell -H Example of sentenceg
Emphatic Pronouns are similar to
Rellexive Pronouns. They are used He6elf - ll CtHinserr
to ehphasise the importance of
ouiselves 0 >He himsell kicked the ball.
>He himsell threw lhe
rubbish. :i
Nlyself - i\'l

ACROSnC : fY H 0Y TlNi

'
""s./-.. > You yoursell nusl learn to

/o*/<
/\, /4.z# 7Bv",t*e1e.) Vo' cook.
Elr;*qi 'S-i
!

.i /F Bro
d \16
>she herself drew the picture.

Elil
; 19l
*" /@
;g i You yourserve3 @q'*e1"i!e ,

91" 9t I
e
I must rearise n t-
E I the importance
9 \- l . I or eEninarions. pv9ur9e1y99
I \'" ?i6 \ { l; !' > You youEelves mu5t be

\'s \ !
\'r"
t 'tr"\! /gf//
:' /s hardsorkins. {
tgl
)

/"{ p/
*s
\ ,_\ e\ : Qrlen*rye5
thenselves wroteihe
"r\:,\"* \
> They

r} ',6y E !.r!! ,
> The soal itsclf chewcd
crass.
the crass. i i .db
C;
A Demonslrative Pronoun is used OMyser
to point out an obiecl o. a per$n. > I my3ell sewed th€ swcater
M{,
It is used to refer to somelhine
Iiis - T
That I

ACR0llYl4 r1I

3llillt ,f,rftose a,e rhat is a rur€r.

-
'@'l;ii":tll:l':;., . i,'.i.,,".

gj
':::fi;lti;:i;li"''" ;;';;:i'i"-,,,""",". .1***"00.,.
rho* are rabbits. t
I
i-
Thi\ is her basket.
/ n@B rd.'"
DEMSN5TRATTyE pRoNoUNs -r-,**,^." r.i.,"n". f *.,
- pers.
These are my :
GEIItrED trllEED ,.-- "-;;,,,..;,i;:,,''
7,..1t.!r,r.t !

16 Thls is herbasltet. baskets. ,'

I €J rhese are thcir
Denonstratiw Ponouns aE .ot us€d b€fore
a noun.r\

i6Thisishe.bas. 1rd Thes€.r€ their bass, ,' a,-pr', These oooks belongto Fai-t- '.
kru" i" r'i" u.rr-n. 1.6 rn*e re treir oarroon+ I ,*l
i6
l{ Thai
That is mv bicycle. j !t Thdre
my bidcle- rhose arc
1ar€ dtrr bicycles. '.'
olr bi.v.l.a- s^d
'rhese' h
in rh" "J. .M*
tie ."":r""""
;;;nce above n "d
is nor a" 1L19" )
6 That is he. umbEla €c Tho* are th.ir ufihre as. .. d.morsuative pronoun.Itiscaled a
klhat is var Demil. i-esrrose are your penclt",
''- - -
-'SjlstrativeadFctive ------
27 rr PNrNPuoi(Mi5r Bhr (5546e0 H)
 €/ '"'o,*""'
r DEF! rrE PROI{OU 5
whrch ft tu'b pe6Dm oibings ii a
geinarwar bddo id€re o ary

Anything 5omebody Anyone Mllny

E.g. ls there anything .9. Sornebodyis Something must Does anyone l\4anypeople
else that you might goingtofind the happened to whatthe capital caught in the
ausethlshaffi lndia is?

Everybcdy l{o one Any other

g. Any other person E.g.

E.g. Everybodyshould E.g. No one knew g. Allthefood
is latewillhe
.Someare born rich.
be on time for class. e answerto his . Somesay he is a

Anybody gorneorte

E.g. Theysay he has E.g.

E.g. Anybody
Nonebelieved
lost heavily.
can be rich but this could be
. Someonetook my 0ne mustalways
Note:'They'in the not anybodyca bag.
besignifica . Noneofher So meone is knockin suroundings.
thedoo
A
81"! f,rrfiinrr?.rr a
co.jia" u', r,rr*r"g *r-*" " II-', FJI-JI;TXYFI
'*rt,br, comp !b rr'e ror owhc silemes wth s rabte
o !r6d b sofue rhe licry puztd bd _ taihd.
O an joh ru otrrrehcaisDeakM:dain
-aboEthdagero,eishiefl arr or lh*e oeN.oj RM20.00.
O 0d ,!u *air me !o bly you _ .al 0l you @n brd a run u
E.E. Each of the E.g. Neither one of o ir$seb@h
pupil; Eets a Eift for Eg Eitherofthe
you can go out after
srsters ls comlng
Day.
Children's 9 p.m.
.
. Each of the otavers Either of these roads . Neither of those mangoes
. . : leads to the railway- station is sweet. ! MEMoRy
. .jl";""Iii"""j,",i!|; . Eitheroryoucaneo .n",n".or,n"." P*",'.:J
recerved a reward
. to Erandmother's house beauty pageant
tomorow. contestants is pretty.
oPN Neuroi 1M)Sdn.8hd 1554690.H1
 Personal. Rellexive and Possessive Pronouns

! ;: my mine
yoursell / yourselves + your yours
'. his his
+ her hers
it it ', its its

* their theirs

__e A:S,MEMMYIE$
aanp e:sheboughir*seriaiew!mbcrla.
,l/l!li.BencHeism E't he L
Esn! e : Ire ihk ft srcte rhe stofl arr by I'e6s L .BengHeissnaddri hlm. !

f tu;!':a)- t_

Grir.l;ilfr
] l::4,i
d-:.:.ru*r","]""
y''e',*
'i. $lfirillt1:-Ji]' {$;c;
?::_<?;q
.2.6k:;.*-*:*:ffi ,
.( nT
-, \ .(!he Her) smrmghbod.
. DoFurnohlh.,rr
// n).

Be caefulwith the spellings ofcertain pnnouns.

[ .,:tt-rl-r - tr .ouAelrs E
Z . ourcelves Z
fit!F!ir
lPLwe did rhe wa3hing l" We did the washing

LO
L02. He ate up the whole 2. He aie up the wholc
i-,
1a)
Dizza themselves- 4. I am older than he.
him.
!, 3.lwas olayinswith 3. I was playina rith her
5. The little cirl is 5, The little girl is
believed to be her. believed to be she.
l, 4. Don t blame I for 4. Don't blame me for 6. That lady is said to
fO rhe istake.
l; 5. Are the boys jolnlns s. Are the boys ioinins us 7, We are often thousht
thoushl to be rhed.

29 o PNrN.trtu,,lM sd. 8hd 155469. tsl

 EMORY I'ASTENY T{ROUGH MIIID IllAPs EI{GLISII GRAMNAR

h
63 I
6 090
b9
ie
F- EK
o- e5:E €:
c\;fi€g
\7uiE5.g
^ -t o$g sFi!
:6;e
;qEg

i:3
Jii
!: ii+ r
,9

r;,ib
F !:; :;:
o 54:
edo I
;{€ P;
; g 9lf $gP
F ini:

t ;e q:'
1:
-9 ]E
€ )z !;!E
q$
@
: g_. ir
_9
ot
tsP

@
o PNr Neuron (Ml sdn. Brrd. (5s46eo H)
 r:,itr!-'r

: E E.
h;
S ; i E€
F:9 : e e! E: 9i

z 6 3A ti c F E *E;tiE
E JE
!{{ i €€84*E€C5€E*
E,;;EE;lE
.dl ! ={ =a EE;;;EEE;E E

- : gP-
J !,: ;; e-
t-l
.i
i::s;€Ee
:_.BEE- Er F
du-=€EE=Err

.9
!- E E
!-
.a
Fi'
9: E
?,
g l;- !-
E ,4
l< t E

9!
E -{ I a! !
E
4e
E E
E
9.e i
E ;l .l o
' €;9 a '
.p a
d
,ii*d E
o F.E g.:
oI !r E
f,V i 'F '

e*
igr .:
t
*r; -.9
E
'i

i>
i€
E
9E 5 Ti E; c' E.et:
: t€ E E g
E F E-.9:
=!;
\{EEf .;>

r3R*€ iliiE ie 3- 'E!

,Y:::
3

#i- FO
tl
=

-1 r5
rT
.A
,t
[(-/
'( E]
'll =bD
fll
:tl.n
-9 l_t
on :E

3 t1
31 o P N.uror lrrlls.li. Bh.l. r55a690 Hl
 MEMORY MASIERY TIIROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GLISH GRAMMAR

Adiectives are used ro re us more abour ihe nouns or pronouns. rhey are
Fffiil'!\ used
\! -1--
_- to add more heanins io nouns
ouns or pronou.s,
oronouns. Examples
txamptes
CxamDt : tall
tatl long,
tong, thinr pretty, etc.
I OIt Ee is a flcn
He rs rich man. 6 This is a tonc ruter. O That boy is.hoir,
r/ I A she is a naushty sht. O She is a thin gnr. E rhar woman is tat.
/ I|i g rhis is a heaurifut rb
heaurirur ftower. O I have a round ctock. ib My lather dives a smal car.
/ lt,.-..,
O ,, bas.
lhaveabtue f Ittougl,ta
O boucht a pink
pin* rose. 6 The cup is empry.
O Diana is a pretty ghr. ib They live
tive in a bis
h house. 6 That book b thick.
E+ The words rich, nauchty, beautiful blue, prelty, long, thin, rolnd, pink, bis, short, fat, sma[, empty and
thi.k are adjectives.
IYPES OF ADTECTTVES : l+
Adje.lives can be divided inro six rype6.
<
dl;r dDYou'rxoP
:d D@ipfln Adkd res,r i e rnok4 s adjedrc ofqu,lr and
aundtadre adledives ab kiDwn A adjedtws ofqran g.

,a
ql,MEMoRrrEsr
r,_ drb,'s s ven: oa4 F* drhe blnid4 Danl. rdedit $s n sbkes ir rh. rolowhs
2.nEnidrdafitredig r_r4d

.3
.rnihA .hhess.Beto
s.".""-"."'
'e€ry

0D .o
ADIDCTIVD$
norhdisp'crdorou L/r d!d.mr.d,net
\ Ra,h d sfry ad ft hasmdeabodr
r.+' MEMony rEsr
S *rce,brdrmsta|e. J^
AdJ6.dws.

. n$ book berongs ro him.ltk

are us€d to des.ribe the cotour, shape.
or condition ol nohs or promuns
> answcr ahe qrestion -What kind of?" > 6,e used to showrh.rthe peBons
or objects naned by the nouns
(D. a hor d.y (cordirion) . ou
orn€ have a gdder
s\bof.\",€agdd
oerghbdus
. . rouId .abl€ (Bhape) (D e_.ch.€ve;y.either,neirhq .$1.,];""*-ili;';_"
. EveryllrtrythtnStie€datrtobreathd.
- _!ano.
.a small ball (sizol
:,*;'li"'fil:1,1"?jll"'*"'
. .lttercrtdra lhe mttt.
tfu".
SmaF"
\ e.,h c"c
> arc uied to 3hor the a-nounr ot rhe iouni
>' tt€t tell us hfr many or how much thirgs
il.@ >
FGEi-iiftrfrr'F I 6$i''-..
about / :
are used to aslr questions s'J ."16^.
. $re6n see.ono $wan5 in the pod,
-lle h.. houaht many !€ncits.
-k J
> W ch, *hat, yho*
Tt€y calstt seoral iBects tol Which book did you buy? uflry ]r "lil>mrruoavrsr
' what ana0e. did.he 6ve,/ w ""a"" pr.""r"o,**,i
Ithcebaslstfta:_../,4
n
tlM !.)41 !,r,MtMoRY'isr
>' are us€d to 3how thirF betong to
som@ne or emelhina >' are used to point out persons
>' Th€r arsrer tlte qsestion lto*?-/' Des.npt've Adjecrives -D
l|^ u..d lo irdi@le whethcr tiey QuanritariveAdjeciives -Q
Possive Adject'ves - P
are r€ar or tar aray trof, us.
Dist iburlve Adjectives -D
Th€y arswer the question lntemEatjre Adiectlves -l
DeaonsthliEAdjectives .0
@ rn". tr,",, ACRosnC : renn's Quaid ptays
Detectiw ln DEba
@ PNIN€uron ([4)Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)
 o"iii;-: lFfi #gI
fuifi: MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH
",no "o"irni.,r" ".
tell us about :
,0
qgwqlsB aDjryI-qB$ ld5MEMoRYrEsr
crvs5 qampreso'adjed esotshape.

-* :r,*: \\ aanptes !\9

Exa,!/* a rotnd ball \ ' a tall boy
-::-_: -_' long pencl a hot day
souare clock
.' a square \ a rorg
lllT-l:e., \ ;;i;i;;;;;
Pencil
a Dlue Dag
an orang-e
. a rircrt:r rrav
blouse . a.,-".r1i.,:r'.i
orans-e blouse
r..,a
recta ne utai boa rd
\
I|
\ ".-"'i"u.
' a small car
. a big
bis house
a rainy day
a sunny day
a black drary a cloudy day
ia ili:l:lill
vello\ brrd
triangular mirror ]I
a trianeufar a thick book
an untidy room
a rect;eutar Di ow / a wide road
a green sarr_- a narrow path a healthy man
a rectaniurar Loofr / a quiet room
:;,lff"":J"T*
grev
. ,1r::1\9!,:::^*,/
aqu""a bot // ' :f::3"'i:"
a heavY bag an old book
a new bag
a sarong
"\ tatre z/
' a round a light box
.,.a-pink rose_7 tresh air

wwwwFffi
PERSON !i Tini is a lair girl.

PLACE !< The blue sea looks so inviting.

AI{IMAL €t The sreen butterfly tlitted on the tlower,

THING z My brother has a maroon car.

PERSON Mrs Wong has a pear-shaped body,

PLACE The school hall is rectangular.

ANIMAL ,!i A snake's head is normally triangular.

THING 4 The maid served the drinks in a circular tray.

PERSON !j Vinod is a thin boy.

PLACE tl The nicht market is a busy place,

ANIMAL .!.' The whale is a large animal.

THING d The latesl mobile phone is small.

PERSON < The children's hands are dirty.

PLACE E My neighbour's house is noisy.

00iltltil0l{
AI'IIMAL 6 My dog is sick'

THING €i This box is empty.

@ PNlNeuron (M)Sdn. Bhd (554690 H)
 We can use more than one adjective when
something or someone in a sentence. Example: ll is a
beautitul small picture. when more than one adiective is used in a
sentence, they ![ould be wr n the following order,

size (5-rs. small) .old ' prple Malay ' rubber ' leather
' handsome Lengih (ong. tall . hot . pink lndian
'strcng shot)
' proud
' beautiful blue ' black Chinese ' gold
,lf#s
Shape (round.
square.thin fat)
green 'white Malaysian ' @pper
0nnge 'grev Italian ' steel
. plastic

I. Opi on O
Adndc h
rhc fo loring adjdciid
properorder bis I cm,lrn4ry dgar'6
2. shapo/
3.
Slz€
Apll6 teratlre A
s
r]Wb cfeffiB 1.a_rcad.( mgride)
4. Col.ur
5.
6.
Oriair
Matorial
; l,'
O
u L-*"'"."""''
'".?€inu"i'm'.*'
M -
An'nrehehro*rsedtd€r
.' -/ --2- \ # r\
."-
ii-x.,i#J"1"[ .'""
\
,, .f t"endse.hn .?tbsn to a sharp tong knite | $_rueuonvresr
I a beautiful little
2 a round red .wooden
plastic ball
house
\ 'ri, a long vellow ribb-' ITt""li]1,;;i::",'-"
\.i). bro*n *ood.n chair d.$m,,F.Fdrirn e,
a beautitul pink cotton sari
3
\,i, "a proud tall young lady
a handsome tall lndian man
].t; a strong short otd man
5 an expensive ner told ring
/,l5. a lamous tat Malay poet
6 a rich lat man
/ .ft, a long new red ruler
7 a dangerous narrory.road
a a lovely new red umbrella
// tt a round old blue table
/A ,ri a btue British sports car
s a poor old lndian voanan/)/ \-
There is a Chinese 6 There is
irld man standing in lront old Chinese man standing
of my house. in front ol my house.
!t I saw a Malay teenage tall 6 I saw a pretty tall leenage Malay
pretty girl at the bus-stop. girl at the bus-stop.
I bought a wooden square small 6 I boughl a small square wooden
table. table.
It is a red beautiful expensive !t lt is a beautiful, expensive red
German car. German car.
This is a blue small book. !' This is a small blue book.
This is an old big shady tree. This is a shady big old tree.
Singapore is a small industrial ,< Singapore is a clean small industrial
clean country. country.
He is a tall lndian ,'' He is a handsome tall lndian

-/\
handsome boy. bov.
t 4,"-'"-
Kur,n',',."4'0,,. u.,",'"una,,'uo"
idj..tlves, sne @mes beloe shapc. Common[]ron 'il".*'-::i:,,,.,

g PNlNeuon {M)sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)

 r' MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND APs ENGLISH GRAMMAR
: mPrca:^DrE

Quantitative Adiectives are used to show quantily or

amount. Quantitative Adjectives can be divided into:

Examples :
I ale some rice.
1.
THREE
He did not eat any rice.
2.
BOTH She drinks less water.
3.
Few people like cold water.
4.
ONE
Most boys like football.
5.
6.
There are several mistakes
in your exercise.
EXAMPLES' 7. There are many people in
QUANIITTI
]II}DCIIVDS
,oF rhe stadium.
SENTENCEg

Nlmbss tom, so hree.... I aG adjedis whdn rh4

wdneihw d, when they arc behs !*d 6 adjeciG.

I Both sirls are naushty. 4 she has much monev.
2 I bousht two books from 5 Please give me a littl€
the bookshop. ti e Meaiwlih.rhewodm(hGKedro i ngs {tnh @riot bs

Plea3e give them any 6 All lhe pupils trlsl clean

'ilr" Br* &ffie,/J.tJ['$liiH>&*"*"--

' My hasn,t \' / 'Mv
.t*r"r',
*, sister 'MY sister hasn'tA/
hasn't I -- Tiff:::'iiXiT"'**
much pencirs.
di" manv pencirs' f-VA!f,l[
-Vfl tm
't .rs / \>>\N l':;i:;*",,..,"" I I
ls there many :l there much
"
saltintheiar? salt in theiar?
*{|
'-J )Y4_!Ii i.',j,I" lili S

,;i[ [I V,ltrtrtf.,-,)
- )tt]\trt )
l have lit e {f
r
.l have a few^ . , i ,. There are many people here.
book. ;iii:'; .;;;:;,;;". ' There are many boys at lhe
books. fteEisi(mrchig.,
f* lield.
'TheY have le\s it 4il
.rtev
- I ney taru ruw#''i""
nave rewer /\ i' tt'.."
basket'".".any
esss in the
Dens than I have. ,ll td[lj@' I\ "..^"''
have' \(i-ti-n:Q
pens than I have.
$ "*^,",',i!
i1"' [,r uc;ni
' Uly mother J ' My mother c.s;"ii b$ lI ' drink?
How much tea can vou
bouaht bouaht ; i"; I ''"'^'
nranv tood. , much food. G I ' How much money do
ffi/ *-"**' €lMFMoRYrEsr You have?
ds'inibadi..,,w3
Mote tuanples:
mnb€Gid
T-1",jll:j1f:IT-,
de,iiite adFcr€s? I in th" bor .?
,!, Ther€ are many book3 on the table. There isn't much rice in tho pot.
,ir Many pupils passed the €ramination. He docs not have much money,
,3r Mrs L€e has frany children. ,ri)How much susar did yor buy?
4 The chlldren hav€ manv tovs. 16; How much salt did you add to the sotp?
.S,l haY€ many lnaxazines. Th€re i3n't much lood lelt in the relrig€.atoi

O PNlNeuron (lvl)Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)

 MEMOFY MAS'EEY THiOUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISI{ GRAMMAN
A1!ljj9Ig]IEjl9::!s5$j9:!S!!C9g9jIlg!Ei9lry'r:4p1?8fi{
\ Possessive Adjectives are used to show things that
belong to someone or something. They answer the
question 'Whose?'.,They tell us who or what owns
somethins. --/''.-.-..*
undc' re rr'e pD$6sive adiedd*s "{ffi'".1"**i**** '
OUR
rhrt
DOI3EIAIVE
ADJECTTY'C , YOUR

E\amples at sentences:
@ These are your stamps.
€)
(t)
This is my cat,
These are our dolls.
o This is her cap.
Those are our bicycles.
@
.?) That is his table. 4, That is your umbrella.
.a' This is her watch. e' The swan is pecking at its
r€r That is its cage,
(6 This is your plate of rice. @ They are eating their prey.
€' Those are our pencils. @ The boys play with their
kites.
THIS
u*d lor things or peopl€
Demonstrative Adiectives THAT
are used to .t+, u.cd tor thinss
point out pe
or things and to
indicate whether EI TH ESE tj
they are near or That bag is empty.
far away lrom
u5,
ea E(1p16:
6 These pencils are blunt.
These rulers are long.
&".".....- 1. maigoAarc$ul

-€t Those boxes are efrpiy.

IFHTi
Il, tno
"*,.=i--.*, to w"ti.f I
6 Those plates are clean.

a z Those erasers belong to Andy.i

3 This handbag is hers.
/ a Those handbags are theirs,
i lllt!ftr
, s That ball is his.
I rO This shoes are new. I These shoes are new.
r i jg t wanr to wear ttrese
i .t:lll"llll,illli'-
: Iy:",bilq:TT' .i
.+t
I blouse to the
lO Don't carrv those box.i
party.
i

a Those clockg are
:
I want to wear this
blouse to the party.
Don't carry lhose boxes.
ours. ..1
lO Thal chairs are made Those chairs are made
I of plastic. ol plastic.

@ PNlNeuron (lU)Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)

 MEMORY MASTERY TIIROUGH MII{D MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

O This book is mine. f This is my book,

6 These boys are naughty. a These are naushly boys. I
JA
A That bag is hers. 6 That is her bag. €4.-MrMoRY " sr
6 Thor" p"n.
"r.
our.. 6 Those are our pens.
6
O This bicycle is his.
6 Those umbrellas are theirs. o
This is his bicycle.
These are their umbrellas. .nl
fl That watch is mine. fl That is my watch, t!i-MEMdYEsr
& Those girls are pretty. o Those are pretty girls
6 This pencil is blunt. 0 This is a blunt pencil.
lb These watches are expensive. ftr These are expensive watcheg.

@-q
fil
E
l3
This rabbil is my.
plate is dirty.
Th-ese
That boxes are heavy.
lj-
Ll
This rabbit is mine.
This plate is dirty.
Those boxes are heavy.
*#
[4-l The3e bags are he. These bags are his.
lil lhat umbrella is my. That umbrella is mine.
E Those doll are theirs. Those dolls are theirs.
lil These cats are she. These cats are hers.
8 These cars afe us. These cars are ours.

'!lhioh', Wrarand Wlo* de hbnogarive adjs.tss.

lnierrogalive adiectives are used to is used to make a choice

ask quesiions about nouns, The
'
Wh - questions are: which dav do you intend to go

Which road leads to your

> is used to ask abo .l Which colour do you like?
people and things \/which chel .ooked this

What time are we sqppose to be

What cartoo. do you likc

. Whatcolour do you like?

to >\ is used to show possession :ire
' what namc should lfe glve ' Who:e potted plants are those?
' Whose kite can tly high€r, yours or
. Wft,t anlnal has trc
' Whose car is parked near lhe school?
: Whose cup of colfee is this?

ilTINROGATIVT AIDfiIITS
o PNrNeuon ([,])sdn. Bhd.{554690 H)
 (i) Which girl is prettier? is ihe prettier girl?
Ev,/,E&,, r In this sent€nce 'which' is an ln this sentence'which'
adjective becarse the word is a pronoun because it
which comes belore the noun slands for the noun girl.
girl and tells more about the

a: @l
(ii) What gitt did you receive? (ii) What was the gitt you received?
Eetanatkn: fhe word 'what' comes belore : The word 'v hat' stands lor
E ptanation

ihe norn gi{t. lt lells more lhe noun gilt. Th€refore.

about the gilt. Vhat' is a pionoun.
'3 . wHosE- .Jytrqg.{'l
(iii) Whose pencil did he steal? (iii) Whose was the pencil he stole?
adanaaan : 'Whose' is an adjective because Ftptanatk : 'Whose'is a pronoun because it
'-\ 'whose'comes betore the noun stands lor the noun pencil,
pencil.

@wwb6b€b€M
o Which toy did you buy?
a Which boy is more intelligent?
6 Which storybook did you read?
b What reply did he give?
6 What time is it?
6 What game did they play?
h Whose handbag is this?
6 Whose dolls are those?
o Whose unilorm is ihai?
b Whose watch is rhat?
o Which was the toy you boughi?
a the morc intclliged boy?
l/Uhich is
o Which was the slorybook you read?
a What was the reply he gave?
6 What is th€ time?
6 What was lhe game they played?
a Whose i3 this handbag?
6 Yyhose are those dolls?
o Whose is lhal unilorm?
,b Who3e is

AWho 3,who* A.u'tt E.sar

O which did you sayz o what did you say? *f ,,?filij*'

A Which car is that?
6 what house is that?
A Who books are these?
6 Whose shirt are you bufng?
6 Whose lady baked this cake?
a who3€ car is that? ..f,ir,at r.viheE
6 Whose house is ihal?
6 Whose books are these?
6 Which shirt are you buing?
6 Which lady baked this cake?

@ PNI Neurcn (r,l) Sdn. thd. (554690 H)

ui
v .
:
MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MII{D IIIAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR
roPrc a,
^DrEd
Distributive adiectives are used lo show that the persons or
-ffi';'l Sl
fii .rriirir.''-,, i.iiriiiili':rl
obiects named by nouns are taken separately. They are used
to show that the nouns or pronours are referred to individually. .)i!i.:Irt:

DISTRIBUTIVE AD.lECTIVES

w -!'l
>Distributive
Adiectives are > used lor one
always singular. The
'verb in the sentence must things,taken one lhan two things,
rlherefore be in singular. by one. taken as a group.
-4 Each person is She read
-d Each oI lhe girls is
allowed to buy every book
busy decorating the
scholl hall. r.I only two ol the
tickets. library,

not the one nor the one or othef two

other ol the two (choices).
{things or people}.

6 Neither mango ti Either pencil

will do-

.1tud,Erie4N€rie4bDokh itoli !h€ l

.1E!e'y. E h€' Bob)8idhiieftshAb

-ii iVas away pen

rr rarneo LLL4! oay. 'a mine.
5 Ten girls were seated on ffiE .i:N |j!r!!ll DoI rs empty.
bench. \.::))
H[!Ehe or she is wrong.
5 mf girl should have a paint ,b EffiSshe or he has measles,
brush tomorrow. O ffmlittle girl likes a teddy
Emboy has to carry his own
chair to ihe library.
above trventy-
ffilpupil has to write a
book must be placed

sina pani.ulargmrp.

1tre'] Eh{reh')didw3s gwns eiftat EirhdaidnethdarsobkeirE!hgurandb

o Every pupils is only allowed lo o Each pupi! is only allowed to borrow

borrow two books. two books.
o Each person above twenty-one a Every person above twenty-one

o Every book has its own shelf. o Each book has its own shell.
o Each girls like to play lhe piano. o Both girls like to play the piano.
o Each child was given a present. o Every child was given a present.
o Bolh he or she is right. @ Either he or she is right.
@ PNI Nemn (lvl) Sdn. thd. (554690.H)
 cF c^E cF c.g cF
i]jr! luil u'nilllrJ 'l'irr Jrljril lft
is used to describe an is used to compare . is used to compare
obiect / a person lwo obiects / persons more lhan two obiects
/persons

Helmi is young. Helmi is younger than Helmi is thelyoungestl

Amir. in the lamily.
IEEIT
Zarina is thin. Suhaila is thinner than Suhaila is thelthinneso
Zarina.
tG* t@ft
Mary is pretty.
in the class.

Kim is prettier than Mary. Kim is the

the girls.
@DltlqrSS€r@@ gg6i€*
Im?0srm
$-= armoruumn-r ap$prHflryr F-
ait" i. t"rl. O Lisa is tatter than Rita. I O Maryis the..l::'.., "t
lO T
:O The tortoise is small. i O The caterpillar is the
,

The snail is smaller than ,O I

I the torioisa. I smallest or the three- I

]6
i
o,, ," ,"r. \91
i-!
IO
I
Abdur is rarter than Ari. I O Ahmad is the larlqst
I ot rhe thrcc-

16 tn"u"-"n,o"n".X lo My brother has more l" "r"*".t]'*.,n*,

I pens than l. pens ol the three ol us. l

l@ Kumari's essay is gooa. lO Neeta's essay is bette, ] O R"ni'. ..."y is the besr I

I than Kumari's. a:'> {

ol the three.
rEsr MtrrroRY

(al Forming the comparativ€s and the superlatives using -er and -est. EE6!E!L
. ?u3ftllli :\
' bold . long . bolder longer . boldest longest
. brave . near . braver . bravest . nearest
. clean . new . cleaner . cleanest
. clever . old . older . cleverest . oldest
'cold . poor . colder ' poorer . coldest . poorest
. dark . quiet 'darker . quieter . darkest . quietest
. dear . rich . dearer . richer . dearest - richest
. line . quick 'liner ' quicker " linest . quickest
. free . sharp . lreer . sharper . lreest . sharpest
. greal . slow . greater . greatest . slowest
. high . weak . higher . highest
.kind .white . kinder . whiter . kindest . whitest

O PNI Neurcn (i!l) sdn. Bhd. (554690-H) 40

 MEMORY MASTERYTHROI'GH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR
TOPE A : COMPARISO OFADIECTIVES

{b) To lorm the Comparative and Superlative ol words ending with'y' use'_ier'and '-iest'
@
dirty dirtier tt+ . dirtiest

:::i:T
i"."i.' I'
.r\ . earliest
. easiest

friLru r,,""i"' lI
i","t'
. funniest
, happiest

hungrier "n
heavy
'hungriest 6i
i::f"_ .f} ;ili". *
. laziest
vn
i,
. merriest
. naughtiest
. noi3iest

Ht::-l n*fl,ff . ugliest

. wealthiest

lcl To folm the comparative and superlative ol some adiective3' the last letter must
be doubted. E!@D

6
ft
#a
. bigger . biggest
' bic
. dullest
.dull . duller
. fat . latter . lattest
' hotter . hotlest
' hot
, maddest
. mad . madder
. red . redder
. sad
F . sadder
\,&
. tall @t lil ' taller
.thin . thinner

m s ffi
ld) lf the positive ends in 'y' there is a vowel betore it, the 'y' is not changed. Add 'er' lo
the comparative and 'est' to the

F
superlative.tr!E68!D
Bre'
{e)
s b :ff#:' lE
To form the Comparative and Superlative by changing the spelling ol the positive
@
bad
lar .larthest
good ' best
. least
little a
' mosl
much
. most \rn
. upmost
up

@ PNlNeurcn (lV)Sdn. Bhd. (554690 l)

 MEMORY MASIERY THNOUGH MlrID MAPS ENGI.ISH CiAMMAR

(f) ll the positive is long

(more than two syllables) add more to
the comparative and most to the superlative, EUfi?lEE> &".""*'*'
Whar rrrie spefdrve rod or i\e Md bsdifrn

brilliant i more brilliant most brilliant

cnarmtng €':,t1" more charming most charming
. most
dangerous more dangerous
most
dangerous
expensive
Vljl
expenstve
foolish more loolish
generous'. !t!r0u rion more generous most generous
\ syllable means
handsome more handsome
ienorant ' ,.1"i11.. more ignorant
more learned
mosl ignorant
learned r,rt
. most .
.most polite
robust -.-,.-,-_,-,,
more polite-
more robust -l ' most robust lJ|
ffifl
serious more serious ' mosl serious
sDl.ndid ,J / more splendid ' mosl splendid
*i"r.oa ,E?:
^t,t ' most wicked
1- wr'"n*".o.pu* u"r,n*n tno When we comparcthree ormoE
. thingsorpeop e,{e use fteword tiings or people, we u* the wod

i u tj]Je 9 u t !=t rzt it t z:, t e ! il e J I p ! r J',! li ! e.

t

.liWhen we compare two things or i? '-ef n ts WRONG to use a DOUBLE

people, we must use the comparative or a DOITBLE 3uperlative.
Comparative and NOT the |.lrE;ii:i;:;'
Superlative. . Yons Han gets the mosl highest mark
t O
-E:1.-ii:...:' lor his English paper in my class, €l
O . I choose the widest oI the Yong Han gets the highest mark tor
. I choose the wider ol the
(t his English paper in my class, @
O . My headache is more worse today

O
two roads.
. This is the best of the two
@ then il was yesterday.
llly headache is worse today than
c
storybooks. @ it rra3 yesterday. @
- This is the better ot the two
storybooks. @
I
Zll.t u)l 4dzt
3(
Elder is never used with than. Kumar is as handsome as his brother.
t.-#iiit.., o Tina is intelligent than her sister.
O I am elder than Emily. a, Tina is more inielligent than her sister. (4
' I am older than Emily, a)
' I am her elder sisler-

44"** tuJ *"r"r0",, €t She is my older sister. !x M-n.

'Hetsltehlo4doeslJoln'

6 Thecomparative adjective 'elder' and its
superlative 'eldest' ca n be used on,yfor
members of the sa me family.
€t The com parative adjective 'olde/ and ils
supe ative, 'oldest'can be
people notfiom the same family.
,. .S\e{treE,oere.oe.!ol
sne 13 my etder srster. t1) h"h_",rh;"
!t She is the elder o{ the two sirls. 'i)
She is the older ol lhc two girls, @
She is the older oI my two daughters.
used onlyfor
She is the elder ot my two daughters.

O PNI Neumn ([4) Sdn. Bhd.(554690-H)

 Adjectives can be formed from a noun, a verb or anolhe. adiective.
Here is a tisr oI adjectives,
@ @ @
abre dl$^ tire
accidentat !fllll toot
i.rmi*hrc ql ua force
adrenrurous / ll rorsei

;;;".'l IA"^ poi-n

I
""c". Y.@)".slll;
r-:1>Mrr
l cirl
bibllcal gold
#Br"",","".J I
t
sllky

skill skilful
W@."::*:
'l height hish

,1

te;[P hv joyful

ffili]
;rr '""11; tl
*t'J love I

lW
L::=
'Hj;
nader
I thoush l

, jJ I
-n,. critical .*- nercy
cuer il$i"v/- ll merlr truthtul
ll"l 1lmischi€f
i
mine
r)) a""e". "'.t".*v
danserous "litl'
i- mischiet
,)/
:

ffiP)***,1 il
ndntaln
ll
decisive ]
descriDtire I muec l
d.crrn.riv. I nyst€ry
o'"r"9. disasrrous .aion
,] -ll ' 1

distant ,* n.ture
dutirdt ^13ru1 noise
enereeric B& N\ ll mrt'
eniovabre J4"Liu obev
i
laiih taithtul *I;fe occ'sion
r,mou. ff,.qfrf$ parent As'-n *ot
fatherfy lw/ eatien'e It9&i 1i vear I

faulty
ravour.ble i
i- Deace
Person
ffill vo"u
l

-t

43 @ PNlNeuron (M) Sdn. Bhd.(554690-H)

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGIi MIND MAPS EITGLISH GRAMMAR

Dlm?f,Rl] rhe wods a, an, the are carea articres

fu$ ?C bS ?$ tS td tf td
a>
A
>> t
V
6llliiii,ifl"'- V

l#h Ilry ffi /fi"o"uo

V
V
V
n v
V
A V
V
A
A hangingon

V
V
A
€o teapot \
8r.'
rowe6 anda
A The
NL on lhe table. v
t< <-<< tN\
<a

Names of steets and

The use of'A' Ge use of 'An' il roads
* t
'A' is used with words
beginningwith a
Beforeasilent'h' I
toclass Namesofmeals
consonantsound {b, c,
d,f, h,j, k,I, m, n, p, q,
$rto corntries
I Names ofmaterials
Refer to specificthing
Before a word starting 0Ipelson Names of games

havinga consonant Names of su bjects

menUoned a second

Used befoE nouns Uncountable nouns

onlyone oftheir kind
lJsed with Singular
Countable Nouns
Glorcsupe ativesJl places

Before names of places

$esof eeneralillne
Used to express Before a musical
tanguag€s
speed and price instrument
o PN Neurcn (M)sdn.8hd.15546s0 H) 44
 There are two types ol articles :
b€ Dd bd b6&".""**,'

A book
e An apple

7{ "An" is used wilh words

t_\"A" is used with words T beginning wilh a vowel sound
beginning with a consonant ol 'a', 'e', 'f, 'o', 'u'
sound. {not spelling) a6
like 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'h', 'i' eic ' an egg ' an ice-cream
a!|ft
' an apple ' an elephant
.aboy 'an igloo ' an island
abook . an eagle ' an insect
.apen a tiger ' an apron
.arat 'abox ' an onion
' aflorver a leal ' an orange ' an ant
'."iil.""' . an idea
&".";-i*:*' &".""*,*'
iiffi:H:ffi;H,,",
t{Belore a word
O a Before a silent "h".
starting with a vowel
but having a @ 1'lE
iliri th€ braik wiu, t,'a" d'rh"
sound.
@
. a uselul book a one'
an hour
an honour
'sheg e nd _ pei. _ psi

.a unilorm dollar note an heir

. a European an honest
' a university
streel .i) boy
. bdrrftillt
susiek etiig
honourable man
a one-eyed an hourglass

o That isctblackboard. a
p
Eskimos live inGD igloo.
ghe is lickingGD icetream.
b Danny lives inObis hous€.f ji p
CI I boushrGtruler yestelday.' Jt He hasGD eraser.
a The boy gave meorGe. ra My sister wanls€D umbrella.
o I saw0 nouse undel tho table. Ia My lather add3GD onion in his soup.
o There isOonedollar note on 6
Molly bouaht €D apple.
The boy waited lor his mother IorED
lhe table.
d I .awooneeyed man cro$i hour. ti
lhe road. lb salim isED honest boy.
6 x" i"@:urop"'n.
OPN Neuron lMlsdn. ahd. (55469o.H)
 MEMORY MASTERY IHROUGH MII{D MAPS EI{GfISH GRA MAR
toPtc 4 : ARrtcrES

o.ttnt,. o*t"t"
|II$D
rdlMEMoRYrEsr /
,.o
stlt $ouesonioa' ^
d.r,!. (t
t.!@ "t 6 The Philipphe
4 the cow is a usetul 4 The l{etherlands
to reler to a spccilic animal, -€t Tha Unlted
thing or person > before nouns only one
> to a noun that ls of their kind
@ s ttre stars
@E@
iust n
.€J Ahmad has a cat.
cat ls bla
> to rel€. to a mBical
mountains, rivers, etc in.trument being playcd
GAriB
.5 the South China Sea GEqD
!t the London Bridge
45 the Pahane River piano bcautitully.

TilD I$ II$[D:

O rh€ wonan srandins <,o Th. earth mov€s rourd rne iu :

n€ar ny mother is ,,rl
,,r@ t.Class
Mounr Xinabalu b the
hlghesi mountain in
'
I 2. countdes
Specifictning
C
C

€) rhe horse {fth a

ha. a lrroken lee'
re) ))
r.i
Malaysia. l 3.
4. Secondtime
s.onlyone
s
S

:..o
i.,r Aryan Dlays the suitar
aery day.
E, 6. tupedatives
c
S
Olboucfitadress, (,.. Z llac€s p
The drcss ls be.utilul. 8, N4usical instrument f,l

acRol{YM:2csossPM

lndia,
Malaysia, England, The Philippines
Alrica,
Australla, South The etherland3
Sinsapore aI The United States ol Americ.
., ; rhe United Arab Emirates
r ||' The Repubtic ot China
.-.l
Nuala LumDUr, Venic€, The Hasue
Paris. Rome. Nes Yorh.
iiilii'ii il"l. ii,iir'." ie,r,,"I;l:iil""}:'ff:5'
I
i;;r;x-.;c:;;'- *$
f?4'tl l'..--r"iiiJ'.e*'. ---
Amrzon. the lndirn
^----
O6ean, ."- ---,-- -,.
th. Ganges --
River, ' Wed0usplh.qrtirle
the Siaits of M-etaka .. the'beroreiamesoroceans

Irt. c.n".ut norpit"r, u," I Spe.ialnames like Bukit Bintahg',

Hilton Horel, lhe Central

@E
'Subans Parade'.'Mcdonald's
Marlet, the P€tronas
, Twin Torers, the Eitt€l
Tower, the Taj Mahal

the ilatterho.n. the Himalayas,

the Ardesr the Great lakes
##ffir+i,"b
@ PNlNeuron (lvlSdn. Bhd. (554690 H)
 3

>l usually take > Malaysia

> The playina football.
Petalins Street at 7-OO a.n. > They play > She is weak ln

louahi rvith
> I had fried badminton
rice lor
lunch.

lLl'*ir ir"*"i;i p"opi"

> I sludy Enslish,

Malay and
We eat rice tol I >Heena is my
lunch every day.I cousin.
Mandalin in
at the niaht school.
.I prefer my /, She tives in
mother to comb .1 |D,oA, Enslish very

W€ do not use articles before: Arlicles arc not used beforc :

6m6n$emdiran*)kGedasaiidj.{urd.
tampre rhe{rkrbarrrmanmrvir beherdrrris

: /,q,^*r.", '!l li
i'n'*n.m*r -g,"g",p,,,*o*"u"
u,mpre she $sk rhe Eisrklr af,araee very we .

The usage ot 'the'; L

Benedict went to hospital becausg

{ Activity : Receivins treatment ) \ |

Salim was sent to prison for robbery. .l-
Robbery/breaking the law )
i The children went ro bed early.
I Activity : Sle€pins I

The lisherman went out to sea despite

{ Activity : Fishing }
Kumari went to the university
ilts susan is now at univel sity
to see the art exhibition.
in sinsaDore.
( Activity ; Studyins )
/ complele $e tollowing sedeies *irh rhe or.
'_-- LShelikElogoh ma*er to mtlr i\a paoplo oeb.
:iar,&
i zMy!:,rslqilo_m ketlobuysoneveget'bre. 1,r 7i.+' ---:!$*
-
, i i,i,fl.iil1,-,",, '-1i3jliii',jiil;", 'Jt';' hcus on ':
aativity 5. Ld 6 go e _ paEmolnr cirema particular

ft { without
'the' )
I ;.;;;;; ti;;;io;;;.',s.

47
prace

@ PNI Neuron(rM)sdn. thd. (554690-H)

 ,l r.ro"r rsr
Giq rhe ptrtlema orthd* G'ts.
1. drange _ 6. cieeF_
3,.he.- 3. play _
4. oall.- Lpla -_

added counted organised

answered danced picked
aranged desgned planned
baked devetoped played
called hoped panted
criased joined pllcked
cheered kicked prayed
cooked litted shouted
--.=-_,__---l

j,:

buying
nc

\
&
cx! rhe pad panicipte oltie*
1.dnw'_ _
6.run
2.he.._ 7.dig-_ Uono

4.
'ide-_
g.reep._ 4! ".ro*
r.r,

does, did. hos,

hove, hod

EM!f,
have
E@I6
has

o PNrNeurcn (M) Sdn Errd.(5546eGF) 5a

 MEMORY MASTETIY TI{ROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GIIsH GRAMMAR

e.g.
e.g.
ask - asked
call- called buy - bought , -ir,.- rr"*
catch - caughl
,
"" -" "r ""'i":
push - pushed (a) mainvedswnich ac dojneor
aclioiwords. e.a. sifg,daice,talk
(b) aurlliary v€lbs wh ch helpthe

' '-z1,' l"r'{41!f,ffihlt

M6t v€rbs
Most verb loim
lorm their past
Dasr and past
Dast {J rrrnirT4rr
{fir'rrtu*iriffl
61{erbs participle by addhg'd' or 'ed'and theh
D Dres€d participle by adding 'iB'.
-Pa;6
@rffiffifu@rtimmtilfu . she _ hd ftends iorrl'e pa4,

s miebraks D elebct ng
invilins

. fter4i _ ofi dr! fdn b6loB

Here is r list of verhs which forn their

@m l:tfiEflfiil lrill'il rrfiE mlil #*

. r d0nolhaveenolci m0neyro

biting bir

brins bringing

Cbndmote"s holsyesrday.

a
59 @ PNlNeuon lM)Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)
 t

tucm l::u' t;: .ii: tql :-iii

@W#,rd +&

dic
costins
cutiing
digging dug
cut
1'*
'ar ffqitr
loiffiil'
t
doins did

drink drinking drunk

drivins
eatina
fall falling f€ll lallen
feeding
Ieeling lelt lelt
fighl lightins lousht tought
Iind lindins
tle€ins lled fled
flv flying
lorget forgelling torgot
torgive forsivins
freezing
cel getting cot got
give giving given
go going

hang hanging hung hung

havins
hearing
hide hidins hid hidden
hit hitting hir hit
hold holdins held held
hurt hu.ting hurt hurt
keeping kept
kn€el kneelins knell
knowins
Iaying laid laid
lie (dow l lying Iav lain
lie lying lied ^- $
lied .r\)-
-t:\t)-o
lead leading led r.d
lend lendins lent rent \$
* lisht lishting liahied
tit
lighted
lisht lishting tir
learnins
leaving lelt lett
losing
makins
meaning
m€eting
paying paid paid
* riding ridden
ring .inging rang rung
risins
running
saying
seeing
s€llins
sendins
* settina
shaking ilil..x
r[|.
Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H) 60
 MEMORY MASTERY-THFOUGI' MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

i\ There are three types of Auxiliary Verbs :

;_rF-;.-.' -- . r (do. does) asrce *nh lhem.
.ii,rm'u*re..yu*,y.,o,. -- amlflwvfimfij--, ,
. she (co. eoes)bschoorby bus.

f,ffi,m
.nbo* ha4bn o way.
. (Do, Does) sq come here ofiei?

these are verbs thal ..

t_ person or tllng does v whai condition a thine what a person or a
0t ts dotng.
i"."a.""1'i3"..
ailttltE
ara
:::"#:1,:"'[. *".,
i we." aj,''?!b:
has. E.g. has, have, had,

> I do my.homework > I have two pencils.

@o| > I had fried rice lor
riiii"":_g,*:* :+[J."?".ff:t. lunch yesterday. ,/
-------------//
- -,t;;;,,"",.,..,;;,:;-
,.
,. as aMliades in positive sentencs,
Present Tense '. iheyhave to force oremphasize.

ldo We do {i ri.'
"n;"-y
g".o.ifi
You do You do Th€y do their revision every Saturdai
He does They do
She does
Q Anlali does love her lather very much.
They do
It does They do fr He does gardening every day.

ll the rryord 'not' comes betori a ,ii6li the Q We always do our homework

I do believe your

She does not know:

She knows-
She does not cook,
She cooks.
The pupil does not make
E The pupil makes a noise. a noise,
6 The girl likes ice-crean/. The girl does not like

P*.:"T*'
He has.
mt"l
%
It does not com6-

9entenc6
Question / 161q1rogative
At{irmative (Yes)

,a She comes. L,
Does she come?
Does he write?
o It rains. Does it rain?
o Jack walks. 6 Does.lack watk?
6 The baby cries. O Does the baby c
The eagle llieg
Does the e3gle,

@ PNrNeuron(t!l)sdn.8hd.(554690.11)
 MEMORY MASTERYTHROUGH MII{D MAPS EI{GLIsH GRAMMAR

r @G, do) anir. prryd's gorirr?

. 8eldo,d6) arrtied6nhe
. ffis {do, dB) nd rib r. st
li I did speak to her yesterday.
we did
ffi-.,?
I did ,d[hB.
You did Ti.
!:lil#:'":" """ l''
,il),
He did
l.:,
They did a;e Q siti did say she was going
"e*d-**
iAg She did
It did
ln lhe past tense too, some ot the

o He had. o He did not have.

a We ate and enioyed. a did not eat and enloy.
We
o She did go. o She did not go,
a They did see me- 6 They did not see me.
6 did speak.
We o did not speak to her.
We

w
All othcr person
(Singular and
Plural)
&
s Gffi#t
W
> I do speak

>
Spanish.
You do know the
> I do not speak
Spanish.
> You do not know
I do not/don't
You do do not/don't > They do like me. > They do not like
They do do not/don't me.

3td person > He does his work > He does nol do

sintular at niaht, his work at night.
He do€s does not/doesn't >
She does > she does not do
She does does not/doesn't gardening every gardening every
It does does not/doesn't
dav. day.
> lt does rain. > lt does not rain.

Past Tense > They did well in > They did not do
AII persons did did notldidn't the exam. well in the el,m-

iD I do play netball. Fo;rlvn I do not play oetball.

(a You do know rhe way. You do not knd the way.
(3) Iheydo calt me.
i4) He does his .€yisior id the an€.n@ns Hedoes not do his rdision in the aftern@n*
a9l she does clea.ins every weL She does not do cl€anirs ae.y welc

0) rmy oia *in rtre race. They did noi win the race.

@ PNI NeL'rcn ([4) Sdn. Bhd.(554690 H)

 MEMONY iIASTERY IIIROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISII GhAMMAR

lhe verb 'to be' has three tenseq the present, the past and the tuture.

I am shall be
We t6. are shall be
You are will be
He ls will be
5he is will be
It is will be
They arG will be
The verb 'to be' can be used like this :
. r_ read nC the ne{spaper

( Person r: Singular Plural

I am a girl.
a
We are girls.
I am lale. We are late.
You are a girl. You are girls.
You are late, You are late.
He is a boy. They are boys.
He is handsome. They are handsome.
She is a girl. They are girls.
and ,is arear$6edin She is pretty.
:!nt,'aE They are pretty. I
'it E ced *
iii:;;;;Y,,1 a sineuh $bjed ssh * r'8 , It is a rabbit- They are rabbits.

r The wonen _ are ror @rk.

It is small,

^t^
Past Tense
tu
They arc small.

. she_kashinglhecorhes.

( Person
f Singular r- Plural
I was early,

You were early.

He was early. They were early.
She was early. They were early.
It was small. They-were small.
-#b-."t #"".-
!:
Singular ,z Plural

I shall be late. We shall be late.

You will be late. You will be late.

frl, { He will be late, They will be late.
she will be late. They will be late,
It will be late. They will be late.

63 @ PNI Nercn (n4) Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)

 MEMORY MASTERY THROIJGII MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

o
o @
>
tOtnilu0us Inilsn

I am eating rice now,

> They are playins football ln
> Mrs Tan is frying praens
>lulia was readinc wh€r I > The rootballplayers were
> ldhn and Pet€r wer.
@
o
EMD
> The classroom is cleaned bY
> She is very happy.
> The kitt€ns are Playfrl. > The flowcrs were a.ranged by
> He was very angry
> M!th! and Kamal were
sive. a bicycle €ach.
very tired alter thc g.me.
> Pets are not allowed

tu
dancing at the party.

The Verb 'to have' can be used like this :

(.-
Person ,' Singular Plural
I have pencils. We have pencils.

You hav€ pencils. You have pencils.

He has pencils. lhey have pencils.

She has pencils, They have pencils.
It has horns, They have horns.

Singular - Plural

I had toys. We had loys.

You had toys. You had toys.

He had toys. They had toys.

She had toys. They had toys.
It had toys. They had toys.

Singular
a
I shall have tea. We shall have tea.

You will have tea. You will have tea.

He will have tea. They will have tea.
She will have tea. They will have tea.
It will have milk. They will have milk.

o PN I NeLrron (lrl) sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)

 MEMoRy MAsrEiy rHnoruct mrro*niridiliiili cunmrn

The boys have >

car-
I have a-I-ov They have their I >She has toothacho.
>My grandmother gone home.
has lont, curly hair. early every Sunday. > The children had
>He had his bath at has a bad cough,
lhey have baskets- already slept
five o'clock this The children have wc reached
It has long tur,
morning. e3. home,

. MynechbDurscar_ a . sarinoas,hd4abqdebdhe . xadim

_ kkei my pencl t misr.ke.
. IrreboysOas hedtuidaro@

. (nas, H s) amn r,kes hrs 6mntse .HdadN@|.m-l]nkhedti6nWtk'

am am not
is is not isn't
are not aren't has not
has hasn't
have have not haven,t
had had not hadn't

{i wRot{c } .-'€crtD
0 Sfte do gardening every Sunday.
a I does my homework at home. ri1 ll o She does gardening every Sunday.
a I do my homework at home.
o I do my revision last night, o I did my revision last night.
b They did painting every it )ii
a They do painting every
Saturday.
Saturday.
O Did you went to the ban;
yesterday?
;("lif 6 oio yo, go to rhe bank
Gi
yosterday?
O Does the maid waters the 6
tlowers? i([ Does
llowers?
the maid water the
\fi1
Olhasatoothache. Ol have a toothache.
O I am having your pen.
P
6
Heis having a knife,
She is havins a headache. ri-_ [ 6O
Ot h"re you. pen.
He has a knife.
She has a headache.
.il"
(: wRo[c :,
0
a W€ did cleaning €very week,
)l We do cleaning every week.
o Oid you went to the hospitat yesterday?
Did you so to the hospitat yesrerday?
0 I do gardening yesterday evening. 'k
.* I did sardenins yesterday evenins.
6 He is having some mon€y,
:l H_e has some money,
o PNt Neurcn (tM) sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)
 MEMORY MASTERY TIIROUGII MII{D MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR
r@!

: The verb mLrsl always agree \\'ith thc subject.

!- :"f ,d : '.;r-i t..
Todav is lliri Encik Ali has irvitect nranv
Rala. Most ofthe gucsts peoplc to his house to
celebratc thrs heppy occasion.
,I havc arrived alrcadv.
Most ol their lrien.ls
are oldiffcrenl mces

t.
"t LincikAli is Lrusv Puur Salnlah is ir
; !rectin! his !:Icsl\ r
li
Thcir llrierds are
rt !a
I
'\;
enjoying the Malay The childrcn arc
d food r ery much. rvaiting lo cr1 L.

g===-

l_.\crtone is ha\ rns

a lood 1ilnc.

:5.!.r; t l, iti'". ad .r'i'; . ri

l .. ..rJ ro *' ''- i 1.

Singular Sublects Joined by'or'or'nor' with plura subjects qft J

person or thin
lndefinite pronouns and
For two singular nouns (or
more)connected by and'
I
Two nouns qualified by
Two nounslo ned by With words such as all, both,
'and', express one jdea many, some, several

Collective nouns
Two nouns refer to the
same person orthing When a plural noun is
cottective nouns
$pij
with article the'

Two nounsjoined by or,

neither,,. nor, e ther ...or
the name of one thing
such as a book

When a pluralnoun
i5ilii,;11", tr (

lf two diffrent persons

names a quantity or an are referred to, the aticle
Group of words as a amount as a whole, its 'the'is repeated and the
subject verb is singular verb is in the piural
oPN Neuron lMlsdn. Bhd.(554690N) 76
 MEMORY MASIERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH CRAMMA
L:.: ryu -

Two nouns ref€r ro G a**r+.tr.

otu dal i dos v th a hrc n irs modrr ull
or thina and the losigasmanc*rdBam rtSL mse$Mden brdseaid
3.Ihdkdl dthcpadl an nlghr. mbd dowi Mlrrevd4r$ rhr t 14r dieresa$
hodiisa bom nrsmodh thedredrd.g 1sl r[a boieroo.so
Sinsular r (q h 6 rhrosel 1.srddfl i rhcbm!iiw6rrord ns 0)
E.g. The man and owner irtotheneam.lhedog rE foh trgroar
Subjects
ofthe thop s hard-
Add 's at the end of working

E.g. She t lWGUtrXR

YFR8J *R€ joined by'and'
USEA WITIT:
Slow and
/ Two nouns referrine to steady wias
/
th€ same person/thins
9 Mrr4oRY r€sY E.g. My ufcle and owner E.g. A shoatof fsh s
sw mming nearthe
that bui ding s very
kind.

E.g. Each and

stNevuiq
Y€R8"RE
Two nouns joined by ED WI|H:
'neither... nof,'either
oI one thing
E.g. Neither A
nor Yayah When a pluralnoun
names a quantity or E.g. 'Pirates of
lnows how to p a\ rhe
an amount as a whole.
voin- its verb is sinsular a fantasy movie.
E.g. The tourlst
wthhs E.g. A mil on dolars
SIIIAULAP
ring the Y€R8"R€
rity E.g. Neither
USED WI|HI

E.g. Herds of elephants were

lndelitrite protrouns,
seen n the nearby v llage.
Eith€r...or,
Each car was Neither... nor
mb ed atthe E.g. Nerther
factory. I y€R8t
ANE USEO
E.g. They like to
p aythe same
wtm: choolduring
'All' , 'both' , 'many' ,
'some' 's€veral'take Singular nouns
connected by'and' ol

E.g. A I the food were 6.9. siti ano &ora are

talklng to each other on

'a lTr'fir|Trrrrrd i' gryiTFTtTr|rr

R ite these sentences usinC
1 chee r$enc ( knoqknows)

1. she ( gat ) up atsix every

E.g. The bus driver and the 2. She ( eo, coes I io s.hoot by
conductor were taking a nap while
wait ng for passengers. 3. They often ( sreep, s eeps ) rate
3. rom andrim ( rive ) he'e, 4. rhat h.wker( sel,* ls )

77
 Ei$#r
musi
Th€ verb
MEMORY MASIERY THROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GLISTI GRAMMAR

alwaye agr€e wirh the suhje.t. There are two nrair vertrs. the sinsular vert, and the
plural verh.
, gEd n.k ro rhe corect senrenoe
r an happy b me' you. E
r are happy & med you. fl

&*,
rgs.n

'c'E
siti
s1G
U.R
\-@AMMARiuLEil: Z--\ BVE GRAMMAR RULES
,--rrivh€n the subiect is sine'rlar. the verb < J EE . 'l'
and 'you' are sinaular subje.rs but the
) mu3t he sirgllar" {The sinsular v4b ERM verb which agree wirn them must be plural.
/2 nortIally ends with 's.l
. Whon the subjGct i3 plural, the verh mGV cBE Endples: I eat sandvich.
a be plural {rhe plural verb normally does I TN . It{Or I eats sandwich}
'lT!l!q!!!!:r- T You look pretty, (NOT You tooks pretty.)

Sometimes a verb is wrongly made to agree with a noun near it, instead ol making it agree
with its own subiect. Examples:
_wnorc +..
(t
e)
€)
ChanA
I
Zaleha ar€ a sirl.
I ;f1
Zer like to play volleyball.
Joseph and lohn is brothers.
a\ ,,i
)ia
tr*
Chang Zer likes to play volleyball.
rl- loseph and John are brothers.
G) The thievesjumps down trom the ),: The thieves jump down lrom the

G) Both blother wear blue trousers. Both brothers wear blue irousers.
16) Each pupils brins his own tood.

1(i) Everybody are invited to the dinner.
'G) Are €v€ryone going to the party?
.L9 Each ol the boys wele given a prize.
(0 He and his lriend has arrived.
^:l
Each pupil brings his owr food,
AJ. Everybody is invited to the dinn€r.
ls everyone going to the parly? ./
Each ot the boys was siven a prize,
He and his lriend have arrived.

oPN Neurcn\MrSdn Bhd 1554690 Hl 78

 MEMORY MASIERY THROUGH MIND MAPS EIiGIISH GRAMMAR

The following rules should be remembered when using singular

aid plural verbs. ffi nrraar
Rules For Using Singular Verbs

$dp
& MEMORYTE5T
Ick (/)to the corecl senren@,
Itw.s Ernhgyesrerday. E
rtrerc Ehhgyesrelday. n

" $lhe (wo noor5 r.i€r to

thc saine perscn or ihing, . ll two nouns ioined
th. verh is iI sinlanlar. 'and' €rlress one idea,
le wdtes a leher to his morh€r. the verb nust be in the
i) My tea.fier .rftl ne'Ehbo! once and lhe verh is in
the singular. EklnFlesr
. She thro* the ball. lii) tuly laiher anti owner . The old woman and
Sinsular verh: throrvs of the hote! is very rich, mother of the child is
Bread and butter
Sirgllar suhject Shc
.llrs Wong wat€E the pta iiii) i.4y classdaie aid Ihe manascr and owner
s, (ulsin ir a very inlehred (iii) The hors!6n
Sirsular Y€.b: wat€rs 'ot the bank was away. /
Sl€ular sugect: The black end whit. .:r '
lhs wons betoncatothe ,Z
chl.

INDEFINiTE PROI,iOUNS
. When the subjecrs AND "EACIi' AN[I'EVERY'
. When a sincllar sublect is . When two or more sinsular
subjects connected by or, oI diftereni P6rsons,
as *ell as','in addition to', etc,
nor, either...or, neither... nor, followed by a verb in
the verb is in the sinsltar. P€rson viih the one the sincular. EEnDtes:
. Neither the sirl ror the
Marina rosethcr with her
brether is going to tndia. Ev€ryone loves duriam.
. Th€ old man wlth hi3 . Eithei he or sh€ knows . Each of thsc mancocs
t{longinss is hunsry,
. rhe clrl as well as h€r . Either this book or

/*o
r'each
nouns qualified \by A collective noun is follow€d
and 'every' even thougt
they are joined bv .and'take a to how it is placed in th€ . Hundred miles is a
. 'Bride
and Preludice' long distance to drive.
. A croup ol tiCerc w.s is an intorestins movie
.tach and every pupil has to seen in rhc nearby,unsle. by Gurrindcr gave me was hissing,
abide bv the school lutes-
. A burch of ranbutang . Chadda.
. Each and €very boy wants 'The Adventrr* ol . A thousand rinscit
is sivon to the beggar.
the Famous Five' is
. Each and aery teacher m . Filly pounds is my
. Each and every boy has Twelve inches equals

o PNrNeutu^ (MtSdn 3rr. (55469GH)

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH M|ND MAPS ENGUSH CRAMMAR
)

#re
,.
t
EllaandBeb
Rules {or us;ne Plural Verhs
Ir ends

. goingformydivin!

Sentences with plural subjects,

* rF lt?f,
the verbs will be in the plural,
. The cats like to play with each other.
. We eat at that stall every week.
. They work in the same office.
. The boys love to watch cartoon3.
. We study in the same school.
- "'j

. The manager and the worker ol the

o
.
The boy and his sister tight every day. The cat and the kitten were missing.
. Rita and Winnie are good friends. . The teacher and the studenis ol
. Mr Rai and Mrs Ng come trom the , choose rhe
d-
ir'. ":fg
results.
ir"*
*.". rr*""i"" ,n.
"*
same town.
. Mary and Susan are going to the r ,i . rhe tady and the owner ot the
fi:':if:;ffi,
ctrcu3. _(vas,vse) mlred restaurant are talking.
n
n@
r-r ti!,tiJEEIEltgEEgE= -
\ the the two
When subiects are plural,
plural.
\v. Elther your
verb is
brothers or your parenis
have to help you.
. Some boys like lo play netball.
. Neither the girls nor the boys attend
the tuition class.
. Several pupils are in the class now' When one 3ubject is singular and the
. Both Ali and Halim help their lather olher is plural, put the plural subiect
second and use a plural verb.
. Both sisters love to eat carrots.
. All the books were destroyed_/' €.g. . Either your mother
in the tire. or your si3ters have to
attend the
,' Usually collective noun is lollowed by mecting.
a singular or a plural verb according to
how it is placed in the sentences.
* n*rr"n" ,,"r E.g. * c*"um r,"t
;hen vou h^e. rfr, h . Herds o{ witd bu{faloes were seen in the .
Take note olthe follow ng:
rhesingerand danceris
decidi;E wherher a ver; iungle.
mustbeinsinguaror . Bunches ot flowers are given to ihe . The singerard tlie dancerare

i$,j;,'"'.I'nii:1:i: teachers.
we use singu arlerb is inthefnst
ih"
o'prurar. ,o,derli\ When we reter to the individual of a sentence because n is refeff fg to a
sJohe,4eachihooJ s.a colleciive noun. we use the plural verb, singular no!n.Though the nouns
'singer and dancel are two d ffereft
nouns, lhey refer to the same Oerson,
*-*binthe,o'ow,iaen."ncq wh ch meansthe person sa shger
$.tlnnrr;rirr,rrr\-,f-,ffi
rrhen we use p
ura it . verb. we use Myuhcteandaunt(tve,rivs)rnshgapore,
and alsoa dancer we use pluralverb
'are I the second sentence as we
. ioy,nd str,has hd\9 d bcnoo..
Each a re reJefr fg to rwo d fferent oersons.
wh ch are ore singer and one dancel
aro-r,' "ro.o. oo.,", . B.rh Alntandsatmd\ts, a6,rsreB The article the is used before eacli
noun to refer to different Dersons,
o PNrNe@n lMlsdn Bhd.(5546eots) ao
 MEMOiY MASTEiY THRO.I/GH MIND MAPS EIIGIISI| GRAMMAR
roPtc a , wH - auEsflo/{s

.DUaofteErciaMMdJmean

who !e;s"",i,"r
Example6 :
Whele ls the crr? Z
Wh€re tho car? m
Which gills are abs€nt
We always begin a wh- 'a) Wft- word + tfte verb .ro
question, a wh-word. The noun /
do' + pronoun
+
base form of main verb
wh-words are as lollows :
Ho{ did Charlene so to schoot?Z
Who Whom Whose
What Which Where
How did Charlene s@s schoot? E
Hov did Charlene wenr schoot? E
When Why How How did Chadene soing s.hoot? [t-l
Example : Wh-word - the nesative of the verb ,to do' -
(doesn't , don't / didn't) noun / pronoun - base
Whose book is this? Z
This book is whose?
Why doesn't Raniso home? Z
Why do€snl Ranisoes hone? E
Why doesn't Rani soirg home? E)
Why do€sn't Rani wert home? V)
,{R Em.'liTrlErtil
oLdoi: somdianib€r?

2. The purplesrockine is m ne

The singular folm

ol a main verb is usuatty
with the noun or pronorn it w 'dp,, used with a 'liYho' question that

el,
poinls to. is in the present tense.
H

el
Examples :
who i;-vour ravour llliorr lq
U
E
J
f 6,\
to b€' tosether with the
0
t
I
t! r" can use the negativ€ fotm
verb 'to do' with ,Who' in this way :
Examples :
w Who + the nesative torm ot the verb .to do'
+ base form of main verb
.Who is dancing now?
Z 0 Example: .Who doesn't
.Who dancing now? E like pizra?
Z
.Who was watching movie
&'*""*;;, .Who doesnt likes pirza? E
.Who doesn't liked pizza?
.Who watching mov
.Who doesn't liking pirza?
3,hryiYbhgg]ililndbdml

a1
 -t

t tit?rTl:!!.?
4F rfiY:?rr
(WUe
WIi-QUESTi0NS
- i9 MEMnnYrFsr
la
lffij:r:l:j.:*".,." ] ,.@'\'-rur,i"in"-;-
do' \ / whar _-::verb'to
.1"-+ lhe
'* \/ tr6
" be + noun , Use the singutar
/ pronoun + basa lorm ol main\ form ot a main verb \
v.rb,ro use.whar' with a
{al What +the vorb'to do'+ noun / +
verb ins
pronom ba!€ torm ol m.in ve.b
\ Noie: Tfi€ v€rb c,wars\wirh
\" ,.
a,what'question
t that is in the
\ \ o"i"ir",r_r rt"
.- ,.,. .,
, \ ' \'::^'-^"-j'.::'-^ -- when the
\ no'jn.
;;:r...".;;,.""", \il;".ilil;:r,il::"- \"ii"il,l,lil".
.upboard{
does she t.rre rorm the
"one3
b€ror€ thc noun or
\wh-sordrhaf*
lollded by.a noun'
'- -." ru
l.-ii"ir,*-- *rr '- I
whai + nodh + rhe v€rb 10 do * e*.nr"., I r""ii Iwdd.attor the nos
/ pronoun + base rorm or mai" *'l""'"\I wi"i*"* t'"y a"i"a j,ffi6j 1,;n11"" ;n i.has to be a llnite wrb.
E amprcs: rh"h?
I rhq
"rt"' / rh;;k;;ilili?" what + nou +the rerb
What bdok doesthat children *ant? sere doins th.ir scren.e/ . ii,r," a;'""i / to be noln pronoon

;";.;;;
What s.mes do you pl.y?

be i.
;;,".,.".,
the base form andrhe verb- /"inJ"""
;ffi
*' *. *'o'"'' *'/
*" *-* *'/ ireprant
iffiiliii,"J?li?]
witr a risrr.i /wr'r
"orou.
i. yo,.
"u.r/
shoo sas
r. a., .""r r,."" fl,. ir"r,i- /, or k€ysinh€r
was hotdtns
nordrns bunch h
a numh )4 /
G;" ".d;;;t;s;;;1i; // k€Ys ii h€' hand.
hand /1i-at"oN i / whal
wnat colour is yow
your cay'
car
ii;i""iii..fifi;"i;'"/ ,4ff1n:::n::l'-* . k?El

4f rrfir..Tr..
'Who or,whattis the subject ot a verb

Who was talking to her

talkins lo her iust now.

whar fsllju3r now? What is on the tahle?
'What'is nor subled in
a questlon which hae tho A stool fell,ust now.

rwho'o.'What'is notthe subject ot a verb

(a) chanse the noo h the quBtior to a suitable
pronour and moye it lo th€ begin.irs ofthe

EEnplesl
Who is that pretty ghl? She is Beng Hui's sister.
lb) rep€at rhe pronoun in th6 question
Who is she? She is Beng Hui's sister.

RULES WHEN ANSWENTNG'WHO' AND

.vyHAT' QUESTIONS

o PN Neumn (Mtsdi 8hd.15511690r) a2

 MEMOFY MASTERY IHFOUGH IVIIND MAPS EIICLISH GRAMMAR
'.
-!-'
,ANO'WHA
Af{swq8'{g

we (doi r, does r) hare bdbone

. '!t/ho' ls.€plac€d w question is chadged to

sditable mun or Dron,
pro.oun, The words 'do', ,/ . The nesativc 'dor't'.
,a
/The verb mlst acree wl
I 'doesn't' or 'didn'r' and
f the ba* lorm ol the main
I I vcrb in the answer.

I
r'"'nr"",
who does rhe coohins? .
Who doesn't want coffe?
I
she doesn't wanl coffe€.
The maid / she does ihe
Sie likes Richie and Micheal.
. What dotr't lhe children like?
/Who whar did Micky eei lor her birrhdav?
do6 th€ ironing? They don'i like doirs

My sisler and l/1/e do the ironing.

t]atfl{id:$r
nmmtr!
owiiedabmenb o
NhmSrlhero
1. isdEroi€enpcrrramongthe

lrhs$irdrenarehhepad (]!ie€) a) TfiE vERa To BE 2. syor dhertrdrhg?

Who isthar handsonre guy? He lsour.eiAhboursson.Johi

. Whatare ttrey posiinE? Tl, j rrepost eSuesb thday n\ r.ron(drd5
{bI THE VERB'TO DO'

Who does yourlather often co nFi nr€.1? He ofien uo I r rr€ rts ary brotlrer
.at"\u6tect !-''l ib*d

*l (c) THE VERB TO HAVE

Who hasStr dalr .o,(a.lcd forth€ reun

N.k Lr rhF r.irn.n.linnFr

o. d nn€t Slre rrasconla.t€d Arrva..r

@,..1

. WhowshestoAo Korea? lrhat 5n lthe restaurant ser! rebday?

t1m w shes/ Kim and Susan wishto Ao to t si I .. !i,r:your favoufie crab dLrytoday
lb)THE VERB.TO BE who.lo.n, t (e hil pop mus c"
Whatis irytrrg n thesky?The eagte is lli.g Sam...r.i I !./ Sam and rr. r t r..hii
rhe sly/The eacles d'e f, nB n rhc 5ft.
{c) TriE VERB'To Do'
. Who doesrhe c eaning here? tl E ttetroo€.ts ?
Nrrs Wong do€s/ MrsWonCand M6 Raju
E*""";'."
(d) THE VERB .TO HAVE
Who ha5 c eaned the lindows? 1 wro didn i he memb*s (rob rob9 ro|4
rris.le!nedthe (lxexwe) d dn t nte lo' Rosd e
Mulhu w ndows / 2 whi(dodo*)n'eih d har?
Ihe crr rd (has, h 4somee$

.t Pr \e!DrlMts{rn Bri 15541j90H1

 't
GRAMMAN \
MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIiID MAPS ENGIISH
w'1glllMa I i€)
[he verb 'to be'
ffirr" *. .r..rr$ The verb 'to do'

la) whera.,when + noun/pronoun Where/WheD + will + noun/p.onoun Where,/When + the verb 'to do'
+ base form ol main Yerb + noun,/pronoun + base torm
Where is Kuala Lumpur?

Wher wasthe public speakins competition? Where will the singers perford
It w.s on 2oth Marct.
They will perlorn at the Mid Where do Mr and Mrs Leong
lblWhere/'Whe. the verb 'to be + noun/
+ valley this Saturday.
pronoun + base lorm ol main ve.b +'ing' When willMary linish
They live in Taman Bahagia.
lvh€re are you takirathat book? She will tinish it on When did you visit yolr
I an taking it to the book shelf,
When are they Fl.ying basketball? I visit€d her yeslerday.
They are playinA b.sketba!l

IN R
R

U u
L L
E
2

.i -,5uydbsk E 5! q trj i{lto .rG!isf.i.

-ar.,i]:]-t
af, ,L:ia
$: vrne 'ro
(.)which/whosc+the verb 'ro be' \. Mowi.hsoi.,@Lm'
MAIN VERBS

. Which is th€ lirst €vent-the lion lqhicn/Whose + noun + main verb

dance or ihe lireworks display?
The lireworks display is the Jnst eve.t.
a
Whose.rc these bicycles?
.Which tilm do you prefer?
rhey.re mine/ours/his/hers/th.irs, I preter the second one w€ 3as
'Whose skirl is that?
That is y sisler's skirt.

THE VERB 'IO BE'

THE VERB 'TO Dol
Which,/Whose + noun + the verb'to
be' + noun/pronoun + bas€ form of (a) which/whose + the verb ro do + noun/pronoun
+ base form oi main verb

. Which does Nora pr6f.r-. chocolale.ake ora banana

. Which dress is she wearinCto the
': party,lhe red or the yellow? she pr€lers a chocolate cake,
. whose do they like- your.ooking or mine?

(b) whkh/whose+ noun + lhe verb to do'+

oun/pronoun + base lorm of main verb
)t
. Which pe.cll hox do you like?

. Whos. h.ndphone number do you want?

I want Hannahs handphone nuiber.

rlrPN Nerorivrsdi Bhd (5546!0 l a4

 MEMORY
TOPrc
IIA5TEiY TflNOUGH MIND iI/TP5 E''IGII'I CNAM
a: wH, OUESTTOXS. How
Ai

RULES tOR USrNO WH-OUESttOl{5

@@ /,
la) Why + the verb 'to be'+ noun/pronoun +
DreDosrlroh \
. Why was lhe baby cryinsiusl now?
The baby was hunsry.
{ua.or".,
I . lvhv is thk .lassroom in a me..?
\\
Why arenl you hunsry? I. rhe students rlid nol clean thc classroo'tr. I
I had a huge breakfast. | why.re you under the bed? I
Why ale you running?
The dog is chasins me. J I am loohins for my rabbll. I
Why are you standing here? j (b) why the verb ro be noun pronoun I base I
I ah waitins for my nother. I form ol main verb - inc' I
Why is this box heavy?
There are 3te6ls in this bot. le--'"",
I. bushcs?
Why i3 Dorls hidins behind the
I
I

@ nutE 2 I Dennis.
She mnt6 to iilehten I
| . why were you shoutinR at the children? I
. Why did you scold her? I rhey w€re playincwlth knive3. I
I scolded her because she eas naushty.
Why did you resien from your iob?
I had a better job olfer at Excel Company. \-* )
Why does you. son wart a .amera?
He warts to lake pictures of various bhds in
\*t';:**:*-;::'"r::*:r,":
H.".-y whe- wh.; we-
"tt:"""i,."

j! rrr'.rr',.rr':l

NUIE I

. How fa. is lhejourney from o

t It is 6bout lour kilometres lrom here.

How old is Pegsie's sisler (age)
tle sold ter doughnuls.
How nuch water is lelt in

fhere is two lilresolwater in

How lo.g is the prosrahne?
llensth ol rine) RUIE 3

. How many athletes h.ve five gold

. How much islhis radio?
nvo athletes have rive sold medals.
. tlow huch does this r.dio cost?
How many athletes won sold medals?
Two athletes won sold hedals.

I
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{l r-+ll.rr;a ___J

-l
I
J
J
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a5 !t PNiNeuron lMrsdn Bhd (5546eoH)

 '
s:" MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGIISH GRAMIVIAR
,+ill
ilIliiisrr ons o*D REsPoNsEs

lor people and thinss. 'l,ilho'ir ie{i icr reopi. {s!hj0

'WX.t'is used . 11h' ii. in.f? {Ouesi:orl
..s ir].What did you do last nisht?
. ih.y,r. ii.,/ n.isll,orrs, (PesDonie)
{auestion). , ;,{l:o ir.n tl{ ir ionc I 1Q!e+ior )
. I did my revision. {Response)
lA . what is lhat? {Questionl . a:r:,irl lRe5r,o 5el
. lt is a plaryp6, (Response) . !'ti,r i:: !.r,ih. }o llroirl (Qr.siiirt
19 . What colour is Halim's iew car? . Tlt t,.,'. rr *^,'oothnil 1eai1, lRescoise)
'r,rho .r. yo'r ;n1i!'ng to dn thr pirJrri
. Halin's new car is blue. lResponse)
(4-l . What novie did you see? tn! n:orii.r. lii\spors.)
iSl irtD ir rtrf t,es: runrr ir tl,is s.hool?
. I saw an Etrslish movie.

't/yhcr'is (se :.r recrl. i3riijarl). 'ilir.5e 5 1r.J l. !i[$ |rssesrinx.

It !: f.llowed l]r i $rerositi.. < (, d?hrsr b.by ir nyn,Jr? (Quesiion)
(Ll 'ia {nt{ eio ld I r}r.s l!i:i l.l1?' 1r?
!i'losi. 3h.c. are'i\ese?
tha I,dn.$rt {n.+rrur.ri
l?rW:rl, ril'afr ,*! y.r, oh a 1r tl,r t : r
O Wir.se hrn.lDiron. i31l'ar?
tt whon drd vou c.lii (twha!.. !oi.e is ilic lox.i.st?
(,t 9r'!:od did you v, t t.r s.c? G) vrlLr\., ii thi$a
'ii.yrle

'Which' is used to nake a choice, The 'When' is usearId.ak time / date / yeaa
choice is limited and is used for EeoDle. when Ga*.i? lQueslionl
Vhen is Hari Gawai? {Qu

Which lamily d;es th€ platypus belons to?

{ReEponEe) *4
Itt is in June. {Response)
O vhen are we
When out?
qe soins out?
r a sr,ort *hite. ^9&#7"-..
-E6a \"/
It belonas to the namnal ramily. {Response) Wften will the plan€ take otf?
O which house i. yours?
The .ne with thc rcd r..f
@ When can you come to ny house?
€l Whi6h do yo! like, the dress with
lace or with a ribbon?
G) when is you. birthday?

ls ns€d lor askins dire(l

Where isihe Pasar Malam? lQrest
It is alons lalan Barat lnesponse). 'Why' is used lor showins reason/cause.
Where is the canleen? It i. rn.wered diih 'b..ru.e'.
(t why isrhe baby cryins? lQuestionl
O where did Muihu keeD his car kev? It is hungry. {Response)
e) why do you need so much money?
(41Where does Heathergo ror. walk? I ne.d so much money because I waht to
Heathersoes for a walk at the t
6
where did vou oark vour a9Why do you want to borow ny

I wanr to botrow your book

Mftoilrq action, amoAnt, condition or becaose I have torgotten
& situation, size or desree
. 0/vhdt,whose)dolou I k.to
O How do they so lo school? (Questionl
They walk to school.lResponse)
@ How is the kidnapped victim now?
i*',,!rrrlir.rl:a
He is calm no*.

! (w'ere. whar)dolou r Ye?

! (row,what)o d sld sisien
. (wio,whkh)G you62rhe rcd
. (whar, whon) do yo!
g How much llour do yor need for th€ cake?
I need 4 cups offlour.
(4) How heavy is Tasby?
She is 45 kg.
..___, e you comhe io ny ho6e?
You can improve your EnBlish by readidg
r ke io eat? t -.-.. -did she Nr hdhandbac?
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iiliEiiiiii,
oPN Neorci (M)sdi Bhd 1554690H]
 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAP5 EXGIISII GRAMMAR

o-irr'r
. She wa ked to the door
. He fel downand broke
. She opened the diary
and started to read it.
. Canny s writingand her
col{JUNc?tot{s . That man crossed the
street and walked into a
O-EI
. llkeyoghudbot my
o-Er
. Wllyou taketh s or rha
. Shallwe play footballor
siation but cou d not . You must wate.your
plants orthey wl I die.
. We can complete the . Doyou want an ice c.eanr
work tomorrow but not
. ls moth er foldrng the
clothes or ironingthem?

Ofraf;Ftfr playing
OGI
.I
o
.
rrmrrnrr '9:
rsiri?llTllffillll
' stopped
We ost my pen so I had Although he wastired, rheohone andbes llL lonne.Lwtrh to
because it was rainlng. he did notcomplain.
. Br Du erDFd ia,Dn...
Youmlst leave now you llL niom yod roved ones or rcur
becau* it sgolngto happy althoush he s

' He could not iftthe te 16) Gn 5en

box because t was too
althoush th€ r mother 171 *ih.".MM
. ltrustSlsan because tasty so ladd sorne has warned them not Hs€.Fren M m !dherb ncs

phone ndlnry s ndeed boom ng

o 0 o
My favourite fruit is Duringthe durian Some hotels and
durian. lt is a very season, many hawkers public transport
heavy fruit. The skin would set up their
ofthe durian is th ck stalls bythe road side al ow durians in the
and prickly. While the so that durian lovers
can get to buy their
skin is hard, the flesh
favourite fruit easily. strongsmell, &:".""-,-.
En h fie bra i k wirr' b\e .omcr @ilurc 0m.

o o o
Although the durian 5 Yon.an hae ai appre aiohigd.
Since the durian is 6 Sl'erirCobybus byran.
is loved for its strong
only grown in lv4alaysia the durians are
fragrance and flavoLlr 3 rwasiungry rabthelood
and Thaiand. drrrian truly the king of I lmi$ed$ebus rtr s are.
by some people, it s
lovers go allover fruits.
*
I\4alaysia and Thailand
in search ofthe best
also disliked by others.
These people think the
durians are smelly and
r#,.[7 (1)ro joinorpolrboronhdngi&*
slimy. I (2) b dw lrnih.ardoBorsa0oD

.f+
ad rs u&d b jlh m'ds, pinsa co ltl u l{ ctt o ]{s -:!,r,lFlri",rr
1. iad shgs {and , dr} p 4s thr dtum.

3.hdmsmtmansrhdhdhed dm shg lbd,0d lhr

4.1A[h0tr9,Bm s) rhhhhgveh,Ebso.
5.Ydnmidown n rodammrd(f k s)r.!

o PNrNeurcn (M) Sdn Bhd.155469ets) aa

 6:$fgT:1T=:.8.1 Wffi6l
Coniunclions are ioining words. The most common coniunctions are listed below.

ff yet .'
after while
lor when

therefore althouqu t
Conjunctions are used to indicate: -.r\dEGf
result

purpose companson

a a that hav€ the and, both, as w€ll as John and Jimmy are going to the library now,
same lunction
ril Both lulia .nd Azura are prefecrs.
Madhuri can dance as vell as Sushe€la.
She had finished sweeDing the tloor and
atr gardening betore 5.oo p.m.

AZ that have a either, either ' Would you like an apple or a pear?
choice q! ,i, Either lohn or Jimmy is soins to repair
the roof.
\n J'A
f,I
' ileither Joanne nor I am going lo attend
the party.

A {t
but, although, even
- I will go to either London or lndia to
continue my studies.

- He is youns but he speaks like an adult,

J./ to show ' I was studying while my brother was lisleninA
opposiie or though, while, yet
ft
contrastirtS
ideas \:{
,6 . lwill help Siti ev€n though she has never

or ttve
r because, since, tor,
. The old lady is wealthy yet she wants more

. I could not cone yesteday b€cause it vas

raining!
as
-.. \- . She studies hard tor she ydnts to b€ a
R"
-d tty I

+_i a9
.
.
C_lapyo.rr hands as rou darce-
Ssitch otf rhe tan since it ls such a coH day.
@ PNI Neuron (lV) sdn. Bhd. (554690.fl)
 MEiIORY TI^!;TERY IIIROUGII MIIID MAPs ENGLISH GfulMMAR
Ytlftc 10: collruxcroxs

Conluncilons aro used to loin wordst "

a
tr
ffi.-- ii n"i".-J.";',,'' ji: .;r;1" l'";;;ili;;;";";,'";,. \
.ohdiridn \i I 'w€-rvon't
iointheclub,
t tr i, .t" A ' plav netball unless the court is
\

I;k;;ti
'G.'""
t show
n time \l ' '*n,*k;-
-
while,
l] . boked at tm
r:#il;'"J"","^:,:::il:il.,
when,=ji:';;^;;-;;;:':::-::-;;;;;.-'
I
"'' l aocument whit€ Rit

&
) xHx'J.'i"f,
after r, . i,,nl*:*""r":,*:T::.::".
i ' eat.
w.sh your hands betore you ;
)

: ;,.
==: so that, in case, ln . Tako . :"_
'Dl to shorv \ / atong your umbrelta in ca36 it rains,

-ll, " g'

purpose 4i \, ordcr that, in order ir. He low6red the volume of the radio ln

__lJ.' :i-:.'j
:i-:.,j
l' fl.{i{{f#Jtlxllr"l'liiiillll;.
''ji
't{ slow
to show {
\I I as good as' as
sood as, if'
if, I . K;l;;i;il pale *
Kathy looked p"i" she *""oi
il .r'.
as ir was not \
comparison \. as thou8h teeling well.
i' tTl-- j'I . The boy behaved as though he was the
\
j
-

,, #
''j1 to strow
-
i.
\ , although, ov€n if,
8L ;'' ft.i::;""'-*ni1"n'n'*0""*"
. . Ste fept on tatllng ifrougft f
I

, I
I concession!.. r i .ven though - . tlr6d. """n "lt" i
i ; i' !n . Ahhouch h€ lB tlred, he conilnuod I

T ,'l [ .', . l"Tllli'n",,",n" money. I wlr nor srve

at day. at homc bui h. l. tlr.d,

He * He stays at homo because he is tired.
i?, Would you llk an appl. and.n * Would you like ar apple or an
orange? orange?
il) Ha6lar ls poor and holta9t. ;ii- Hassan ls poor but honest.
..4) I havg-!-harD.t r brt a rabbft. *n I have a hamster and a rabbit,
@ PNlNeumn(M)Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)
 MEI||OFY If,ASTEiY IHiI'UGH MIRD MAP3 ENGLI3II GRAIIIMAR
TOPTC 11 : s€NrEr{Ct aoNNEcroRs

Logical connectors are used: They are used in writing a paragraph or a

(a) to show that the second idea is the
result ofthe first idea
E.g. My father's car broke down so I was
late for school.
(b) to show the diffference between two
ideas / situations
E.g. Ziela is the best student in my ctass.
However, she failed the maths test.
(c) to add extra details to an idea
E.g. We had planned to go for this picnic.
Besides, it's a sunny day.
(d) condition (lf)
E.g. lf the drought continues, there wilt
water
shortage of
q. Whdf. ihe diff€rence
:;iffi?1",,::1.".,""."
connectors?
-
Read th€ composition below- Sce how the sequence connectors ara
composition especialiy during a process.
They help to organize the process so that
the steps are clear and easy to follow.
E.g. Do you know how to make tea? Eil$t,
boil some water. IXe!, put the boitjng
water into a teapot. NeXL add some
teabags. After that, pourthe tea into a cup.
Finallv, add some milk and sugar.
The underlined words are the sequence
connectors.
other examples of sequence connectors:
until, after, eventually, subsequently,
before, when, lastly, afterwards
bea . EIEEIXMA
Sentence connectorsare used to showthe retationsh p
.
ofideas between two sdtences,
There are two kinds oisentence connecto.s. Theyare:
(a)logcalconnectors (b)sequenceconnectoG
lsed

l{ett. the sliced or c!be.l Afterwards, the cans are sea ed Finally, the boxes ofcanned
prn€applesare p aced in cans. and labelled. Then the cans are pineapples are taken to shops
The cans are filed with syrup. and ports.
oPN N.uron 1M)sdn. Bhd. (5s46son)
 MEMORYMASTENY THROIJGH MINO MAPS ENGIISH GRAiIMAP

Connectors are words used to connecl or ioin words or

sentences which tollow a logical ord6r or a sequence ol events or actions. There are twd
types of connectors:
(i) Connectors that are used to confiect words or sentences which
tollow a logical order.

Examples: Examples: Examples:

.Geetha enjoys drawing,
Ther€fore she has
decided to be an artist,
. Father won the first prize
in the tishing competi-
tion. Theretore he was
given RM50.OO.
. Rita is thrilty. Therelore,
. Listening to the radio is
a pleasure besid€s being
. Meena is a very beaurilul
girl. B€sides she is
humble.
. Bcsides buying a new
cal, they bouAhl a new
. Philip is always late for
work. Consequenlly, his
s€rvices w€re terminated.
. They were late tor s.h@I.
Conseqreflly, the principal
. lt was raininc heavily,
Cotrsequently, the town

*A
she has a lot ol morcy. got flooded.

s*K.:, Examples:
.We could nol come in as the
door was locked,
. I could not see iJle blackboard as
the teacher slood in trort ot me.
. Ils it was noisy, the audience
could barely hear rhat the
sp€aker was sayine.
Examples:
.He woke up late this morning. As a
result. he missed his school bus-
. As a resrlt of beins sreedy, pak
Abu lost his money,
. Nina enioys drawircand cotourinc.
As a result, she decided to be a

Connectors used to connect words or sentences which lollow

a sequence of events,

SEQUENCE
c0 ECfoSt

oPN Neurcn lMt Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)

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ev?
<69
-Pc
rF € n: E
I
ud E
-,,': -E
krr 9l-!
"-: :9 il B;.q
ipe .,: =.
6n
=
F E o---*i
L , dqE:_" -:
yd
i XZ;? ?E! E3 := i: e:: r
6eE d E;F}€ 93 6 i.Y F oq: D

[=: g.- E;!

F:^E E.
9" 9 ;:l:-.3
iE evi a;99F
?gr?r 8f 6 iP=; Ho,
3= d E:;" f g: '
er €cilB.s. e!'
dg E". P
.9-i
:q,
iio -u P
r: 9! 6!o t!o ?
!,,
:- nli^ 6A <> - 3:F 5i9
813:e;1 ao. c;:
: 3: 5e 5. +tr:
PE
OE F a a ?e 6:5 ::9 :;
3:.q
3 ;E
-o"i
53.:;
z4z,"a
s=
zX iff q
EB :.= 'Et: F!E :!
f,l- e oA9 rEP _E!4.
.4i; tr= 4- E.b? 9+;9,;6P
?F. -:zF:i
?!t. 21n' "'ifEE*v:d
ilf i=8f
o PN Neubn 1M)sdn. Brrd. (5s46eo
ek* il
H)
T
 MEMoRyMAsrERyrHRouctmrrrl;m-api:ncr.rsTG-nxriruri frf !F x.*'i .ii'!
*reP$&'-#ri) tEu

ft@ r"n"". *. **0".n", *,nli,"l",

rsed to show whether rhe acrion is haDoening
ar
"" J;;;;;il;;
that time, is compteted or is
Tenses can be divid€d into rhree parts:
habitrat, d&;
@ - fQfg
1."','.1:L,t-tlEf,
nen.s!rled,srhg,dosede$

. The Simpte . The Simple Past Tfte Simple Futur€

')Lillti;
The Future Continuous
Continuous Tense Continrous Tense
. The Past Pertect . The Future Perfecr

'Mrbmrtfr_tu4)hmtr4!4shra
.s"rL.n_lskepl d! 4flr nahr )
The Present Tense is divided .e
A:S,MEMMYTES
into lhree parts:

Lina reads a book. Lina is reading a book. Lina has read a book.

. tsins, ). I am sincine. (
. You sing. \a . You are sinsine,
. He sinCs. . He is singine. .ar^\ j
. She sings. He has suns.
. We sinc. Sh€ has suns.
. They sinc. 1:;l'"1'.:l":l"';W{
a . They are sirsins. { They ftave sunA,
tot O PNlNeuon (M) Sdn. Bhd-:
 )@ffiffiGl-l
The simple present tense is used to indicate:
Itersootrao I
. I eai lwo slices oI .
D'i.':l:,r**"1 I
Come h€ie!
sit downl br€ad for breaklasi,
the earih moves l:l::Y.i^*iH:ii
. c""".",nr"-.", .c
I
I
Beware ot doss! .l drink eight sla . les-/..
A chicken lays eccs. c.-..a-k c II
ot water every day, . A rose plani has / a Ph'.d r"b*
. Molly jocs in the /
/ """,- ad,", .p I

;[;:'-'
I

|
\ I
I
. My brother drives a car. . lGmila throws
. I live in an apartment. the ball to lacyln,
. luy exams beain next lffi
' r, " r" o-r.,n,re -*a
I
I
. My pen-Iriend writes . Amelia cycles to school)l / p-."-.-. I
Jacyln drops ihe ball. ^".r""*
,,,"f."" I
letters to me every . Ronaldo kicks the . iohnathan leaves for
ball. The ball entels _^**n.c.*"pnsl
the goal post. /.1,.r,,"*,.na I
/ harr fPn " I
,/ A c .""t""
T[[ SHpU pnmH{T TII{S} ,-\ ""t""
Btur
I
I
t'ir,.rn"r.mD I
R.-'ll.,h.l"ll""'^R'."1."".' l
"rt" I
The Pr€sent Continuous .. rhebml advb he,n'helE.' I
l
Tense is formed using
lhe verb 'to be' + rinc'. pnNxilr
It is used to indicate: "*_'-

AI{ ACTIOI{ TAKII{G

LACE AT THE TIME
ACTIO PLAiII{ED
. I am writing a lett€r. FOR THE FUTURE
. Sally iB washinc tfte
. We are visitins the
. They are restins under Old Folks' Home next
. I an hiking Mouni
Xinahalu n€tt month-
. . They are coina on a
\rrhrextwekt_/_z
n eht ha,ket dn ruesdays.
CONTII{UOUS ACTION
III THE PASSIVE VOICE REPEATED ACTIONS
. Th€ cheese cake is
playing wilh lhe LEGO
. The movie is beins , . Salman is forder handins
/l in fiis hom.vnrL l:t.-
, \ . I an .l*ays remindlns
....-''-_'--' a\\
r,ou ro be eumru.r.
/
--,"
fom otrheverbseiven ln b€.kets,
(sreeo) in rhe basker.
(sell)vererabies in th€ frrdcr.

o
o 1
2
She are readirg a storybook.
Molher:s wash the dish€s.
She is readins a storybook

o 3 Suhaila is played the orsan at the

;i:'
;1.
Mother is washing the dishes.
Suhaila is playing the organ at the
o 4
party tomorrow,

o We is visiting our srandparents next ri:- We are vislting our grandparentg

o 5
6
They are work at the supermarket, * They ale working at the supermarkel.

o 7
Every day he is goidg to school.
Be eats rice now.
ta Every day he goes to school.

o a I am und€rstandins the lesson now.

He is eatina rice now.
I understand the lesson now.
o 9 I watched television every day.
10 Look! Two ladies quarrel.
I watch television every day.
.)r,!

:l: Look! Two ladies ale quarrellirg.

 MEUoRY iIA5TERY IHRoUGH

The Fresent Perfe.t Tense:

n ND MAP.-iG'.i GRAMMAi
w,ffi's6j
i|t.r,,vn tttu'! tt ullt ti) tlt't'rtt'!l &
"r.',t'rili _ duians bero€. (ea0
An action $'hich began
An action has in the past and is still An action which
iust happened continuing in the happened at an indelinite
time in the past
. The car has just crashed
in lpoh Road. ExamDles:
. . This buildinc has been . I have visited Japan.
I have just come back . Ali has gone out lor a
here since 1997.
. She has done it.
. This car has becn with my
tor abolt six . They have climbed Mount
I I have linished writins rhe

r)
IwRoNG I
. The cirl has con€ ro bed.
. W€ have not eater yet.
.
.
I knew Bobby since 1990.
I Bent to lndia. You cannot say I have nol f-6 .
.
I hav€ known Bobby since 1990.
I have Sone lo India. You cannot say I have

want to *alk .lone in the dark. do€s not warl to watk atotre ir rhe da*.

+rr r,ir,iillar.:.+-f:Jl::,) 11:r1l r.r,/{ rrr4 i'i;ffi

. They have already
i sone to the mosque. . He has not left
I lhave already seen
\. she has already . I ftave not finished
in lhe post oftice
'vrashed h€r hai.-
eating yet- . She fias taucht us
. since 1980.
I have not seen hin

(61 They play lootball every Saturday.

lwalk to school aery day.
?) Ne srins every s!.day.
I do my homework at rigllt. (9) rhe woman syeeps rtre fl@r sery nornins.
We play hockey dery wentns.
le) The children eat cereat for br.akfast.
We eal when we ar€ hungy. Xa$im rid6 a blue hicycte.

(!,1 I an eatins. a6r They are playing toolba .

r.2) I am watkins to schoot.
Qr He is swimfrine.
3) I am doine my homework. @ The eoman is sweeping rhe floor.
a4ri We are playins hockey. The children are eating.ereat.
,{assim is ridins a bicycte.

(t I have linlifi€d dradns rho Dicrure. rhey trae oou€tn a pre*nt ror him.
@ He hc iGt goE out. G)
(1 she nas drayn rfiG ltcturc hcaoritu y.
.'3--,
(a'l the ctlldr€r have @ptered ft€h troDsork
(4,1 I trave reer lfie ho@ that yo! have
!.'9) fte hlnsry boy has earen a[ th. rics
lh.y have .rrt dom th. tle- 6! rl,e warchDan has cto*d rhe garcs,
1-.) PNr Neuon (M) Sdn Bhd 1s54690.H1
 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

The Past Tense is divided into:

&"."'""'."
* *'-"
Sh"""-
Zr\){:7]!iG-
r"oxdhercse: gif;l",- # il 15,1i""..

€ry,.=
-\1" ,

Chlldrcn rik6ro d€w cadoons. E IM PASI NNST E

My daushter rcad a storybook rast week.
TI My daurhter rcads a srorybook aslvek.I

. I sang, I was sinains. . I had sung.

You were sinsins. . You had sung,
. He sang. He was singing. . He had sun€r
. She sang. she was sinsins. . She had sunc.
. They sang. They were singins. . They had sunc.
. We sang. . We had suns.

tvtoreJamptes:
-;' (

. I wrote a letter yesterday.
. The tarmer watered the
plants yesterday.
. Father bought a bicycle
lor me.
. The shark ate the fish.
. The students cleaned the
classroom this molning.
o PNrNeurotr (M) sdtr Bh,i 15546e0.H)
I was writins a letter yesterday.
The farmer was waterins the
plants yesterday.
Father was buyins a bicycle
The shark was ealing the fish.
The students were cleaning
the classroom this morning,
. I had written a letter.
. The larmer had watered
the plants yesterday.
. Father had bought a
bicycle lor me,
. The shark had eaten the
tish,
. The sindents had cleaned
the classroom this
morning,
 MEMoRy MAstERy rHRoucH M|ND MAps ENGiLtsH cnAMMAi

The Simpl€ Past Tense

is used to indicare: Action that trapper€d
l.*..r
)
"'"'.;"$'i-l'*"-
Eiampres:
Ifilhftil
r'"-or*i-
'l'' ""
g8:/ ;;.. ;
t--
. She ate a banana atter suoDer. .
.iim
The letters were delivered

:"TiLTH""";.",
":;"

@l;"s'";il''\\sfl" li-i-
ffi;""\
ma,rreswrren
he wa.
younser. ffi-
,john has .
Irt'lF]F 1L )\\
rr I were vou.i
*:*9
@@\\plsrrlil$ry-'i!i*,"'"..'",",','"'""'
/A -xamplesr
Kcourdvou
' bJd'
"*-
'\ 'eE,se
; ;.1.'er,

rd.r taken ;;;;il:"' ' .lwitch .n the {'n'

a rrarn . Didrhesirtscom€ :::il"e :::1""
horore ;:fidTi:.;il--';,
__i-'"*""@J $"".".",",
F:n'f;'gfft;
do*"o^"u.."
<tfoi
subje*, the
both sinCu ar and p urar €lb
--1141
l7|!l
E f
E:::'-""-@
some of the words that a€
used to show the simple past tense: (€) lo€et
.meDadcree s 6ed rhe sme ey IL . y6terday . rh s evening (b) dirre
El'p p, ll . rasr Fr day . t*o *""r," Zeo 9-,
i9l brcak
: i,:':,::::l'1-1:11:':lv"*'dry: ll ' montr ' "' tr,'" vEu,
tast rd)
: ffJ:",:.: i'l1J^:'.1:."1:l:r-r1"1':"r - tl 'i astvea.,u"t*".r,
"".

AqrlON THAT (b) speak

?,.""9-,1'l#ltr^
HAPPENEDATA

. I wrote letter yesterday.

a sctJ
frl'{ry
!l____ror"*"

wtren ne w,s youneer.

sh€ boncht pres€nts tor us . They atwa;s wenr tor .

t\;'1 *"rr' lilP*l*fflil

i' ii":ii[ ::#"",li,Xl;*". when
;,'.1""x*"':*#"
.;
i Q,, i,ll
rn rhe lif .h"rt.themserves
accident
he was younger,
last week. bvea to eat
he tr I wer€ an eacte, I'
chocotates. fly in the sky.
' . tf I were you, I woutd
not have taken the

A stone was thrown at th. ne to iar.v ttese toot.u ' I wrsn sarah could
dog, ;,;;;;;,;;i.";;' reunitewiihhel
.' llrs
tlis arm was broken th. . Did
in the parenrs. /l
tl
RULES accident. ^:i .r-.. -..--- the
tftey attcnd ^L
^O/GMMMAR birthdav Darrv?
i]e, -",""".,.", o." ' The books \./ere arransed . Coura you prease rena
"r me
by the tibrariar. your umbre a?
1I' *.. ? .*."* . rhe cake was bak€d '. C""ii pL,* r,.rp|n. t. .
by my aunt. 't ".,these
alranse tabb;? .
ir
-' I ' Could you please
"t"orair*r,rr'"snorop"rr"" switchontherights?dl@r
"'""'$ii:lll,*..-iill"j,il'"""'" -A
11" o19l1ll,.y*.,t"y: _^ t&ffioRYTE$
2 _ sef hor* taj
:.lla,
{/€
"i-;"a;
(go)ro h6
i;ii,'"il.i,-iilii dffi ic.
' :-':t-19,,i:T.t:11
5 r-tmee0he,sodarago. llJwelq t ;--|. i- 3 unlkdy;hd *rth.
rrh€*ind_lbroqnrcnstbn.c,ll( Vns -l.-
r Lar"sit"e-0*4ar*"s";ise * so l-lread
9
rm,a"g_(bir1,e ars""Ly. ss l"* I,,,,. _1 $i;xliilt," ::
10-d' ohb@. "
rbEar,D i,1doi -
1(}5 @ PNIN€uron (lM)sdn. Bhd. (554690,H)
 The Past Continuous

r""i"ier,i /*_ ,r\nr 6drru s bmer by d ehe rhe Eds in

i:i;""-n1
',
^."
'
/ltlf-InllTuNltrlllulllllNlt
^^,#,,4-^_- IXN$D
y'v'-
L5\
- '"2 :iiiii"lrim:r,t""''
:'::l':ll'.'

I -'/
*r,i"r' *- ,uA. i"#"r.e
r*"".o-"*iiE;.*
*
'Tl,;::T,l#,::H:iJ"
-an ectroo
trarpcning * e certair r*!l line ln "..t.
tlE tBn '
",,,""".
r.(risrened) b h€ Edro whd
. rin€ in tlic r|.st
_ amples: A,
E
Exampres: - \14:-=f
. lwas bathingwhen the telephone rans. II .television
. ll'.1'1:,::,".l::"'"" -':..
. They w€re lauahina when I entered the room. in the tivihc room ,hite .ou,",,*,""
. He eas sleeping when we .ahe to visit him. my mother was wa3hinc dish.s In / clolhes ^gih"

. The pupils wer€ talkincwhen the teacher / -:: kitchen.

rhe
l:::l':'j / as $asedng
,u *ere eahe
ctassroom. cwspaper c sed nc
entered the
irwa3iaininc // ;;;
tir'. *." i."ai'i*i*
- r'€r rarher came /,/ -when
was sweepina the floor -. A
home- / ' She
wher hq morhet taswa3hins
. Were rhe cirls cryinswhen
- ,/< --'...-_ th€ clothes. / rbk h te mred s h*.
vou siw flrenz /,/ _ / . rh€y were darciru when

l" ,':, ih., rdhe€rorre.tr

The Pasr Perfect Tense is used lo indicate: "'
lJ;----=-S:_ntut_i=1i-ru$sF-i?i*''",-,..-:;----
!!!!t_r4qr_-Lqg!L'=r]--- B-o D .e.i.e -- I-

'---S-rl--- !. ..F^
4-,-:'l-{*-,,s-'-
osaor a:r.,ur\:1_d,l il/-#liffi"5=l$,
e! eeijr./*n
/u',,r,'r,".,2",,\ .f.\ r- t|," p.,t {
-- f .!Jr!\iL! lr J\e'v')r
1J {=+f.+ -"iio
/ Et,mnl€r: \ /
. She went out aft.r she
. r had arrcady cone hohe \ l.had-."':.".":":::::'":'" I I A'!!tt:'\!1:i't
*ru" -v -.ir'..i"."t" ir'. \
.chdor.
I
I l' I had aheadv planned betor€
\ I --.'-"'i"t' "",.,
swilched ofr arr th€ ians"

.rrreuar<lffi arreaav
clossd when I arrived. t --'*rhe \ /:fllllTuhadroundyour
\ /.1l::::-"::::r,""--."-."-
Before h€ could--

+. y1
ans*er,
.,''##;"iilil'l5:;b, \/ !"d;;d;;;;. 1'11?11.]1"j
d;ii.:i;;;;;;;;;;..
garbage collector had
;;.) .9t.._"1'" r'"0,*r.0,
lot':i( *wed the curlalns,
' I;n,:T.:"Si'jI"
what ls the dinerchce betsden rhe past
conrlnuousrense and pasr penect tense?
she4mdhecde, tr
T]
L:fqr
. rhe headmistress havc taoght in th€ school tor . rhe headmistress had tausht in the sch@l lor 15
15 yeaE.
. The f.t boy had rlst slt on the swins when it . The fat boy had just et on thc ing when it
brck€.
. When ,ulia and Haelinda reached ih€ buestop, the I
. When Julia and Haslinda r€ached lhe bus-stop, the
bus havo leli.
. Arenda have won ahe tlrst p.iz€ id the Art . arenda had won the first prize in the Art
Competifion.
. Bofor€ I corld close the gate, the dog hav€ .ud . Before I could clo* the gate, th€ dog had .an
out.
. I have cleaned tho table by the time 3he got hcr€. I . I had cleared the lable hy the tim€ .he got here.
. It I have conc ro Eurcpe, I would not have to see I
. ll I had cone to Europe, I *ould not have 3een
h€r.
. lucy has post the l€tter. . Lucy had 0osted the letter.
. When my mother wor€ lrcnins the cloths, my . When my moih€r was ironinsthe clothe.,
slster was wa.hing her shoos. my sister waswashing hGr shoes,

@ PNlNeuon (rvl)Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H) 106

 w rerhesimp e pasr rense oJ rhes6 ve,ns

clinb - clinbed watk -

hbrdn<afrL Lbry !*

*^-
S".'*"."'

Selow are some words thal need ro add red'ro forrn tffir" p*t t**.

cough
visit
gather gathered

Here are some words that change to dilferent forms.

go did

think thought
bring brought

that do not change torms.

hil hit
o PNlNeuron (M)sdn. Bhd.{554690 H)
 a-t
.D?clEiTD qjl'rcr
. ue (soeaklalih. m.cinB ad ever nC chos6 2 rhGmom ig,
. Thatord man lrve) here iortwenryyea6. A sbe'e!ne.
. r - lbuyl this b .yc e rro monlhsaco B coDrs D
's.ookig
trdding 'ed' lo l[e Adding 'd' lo lne lroms endln{ in 'e'

I Rita

e rldI.""
i, rhe ream

6
o

Changing 'y'\l0"fi' Del0le addinA'ed' l0

v0 ls endhfMm 'y' exr€Dl w[en l[e .r*f,Irel

l\,.i"". ,/ B break D
d
)v an brear ig

dtn")
flranging lle spellinE

The little sirl

ll0l cnanging lne sDeltin4 al a

r::::t-/b tishtly in

The lady b€at her son

@ PNI Neuon (N4) Sdn- Bhd.(554690 H)

 MEMoEy MAsrEny rHR@qr-ri;;;F;ii;iEi:i;; ;;

xim ro cor ege ndt month.

A iscoiie
-

sh6r write a rettei.

. Ir sh6ll I shafi be writing a letter. r shal have writt€n a retter,
l:''-"rd- Examples:
;o " .;)@
i;ifr:, ;;:::::*". .\Tarsmry[mN$t_ s- ii"11,* i"";ir,';,
ffis***...,i*"h<l
rrEl0rllr(amumms
TH.:yt"" - rmrwwmrmrtus

*ffi // ##fi;lln;a // *l+ffi*

q He will play. He will be Dlavins-
g He will have Dtaved.
tb They will run.
We shalt bi c6mine-
I shall be cookinE - We shalt have c;me.
I shall have cooked.
They will be runni-ns. They will have run.
rit The baby witt steeo.
The baby witt be ste"eDing.
o She will dance. She will be dancinc - The baby witt have steot.
d The teacher w;ttwrite. She wlll have danced.'
The teacher witt be"writins-
o We shall be swimminc
_ The teacher wi
have wrttre
0 She will wait. She will be waitinE. " We shall have swum-
She will have waited-
o He wittfight. He wilt be fightine:
d She willteach. He will have fouehr.
She will be teachtne. She wlll have ta;eht.
b She willcry.
Hewilldrink.
She wlll be crviDs. - She will ftave crtez.
b He will be dri;ki;s.
0 lshall pay. "
I sfiall be oavlns.
-gofig,
He wlll have drunk.
I shall have oaid,
B They will go. Tley wttt 6e They wlll haie gone.

Io IThey will have si

shall practised They will ftave sune.
Dt-,
it I shall practise pta;ine foorba[.
we shatl be writi ari esiav- We slatt te wriiine an-eisav.
0 She will have crvins.
Io The same will ba slarre.l she will have cried.
Thc game will b€ startine-
it I shall be cau8ht rhe butterftv: They will go.
o I shall ate- I shall be catcftins the bufte
,0 We shall have swim. I shall eat.
We shall have swum.
o She will have bouahi the toy.
pNrNeunn M sdi 8hd L554irco Hl
 MEMORY IIASTERY I||ROUGH iIII{D i/IAPS EI{GIISII GRAMIIAR

FT
M! fa$€rtold me to carefu y 2. ily talh€rtold n€ ro .bs
thercadcarcfulty. .\
ralk aet /3,lhe frB.rgfteu reru odercdro 3. Ine tirc lighreE were ordeEdto
put out r,ie lire b6Ftt
4r llo b pebuadin{ his talher to

\ 6. Lllytlid to storty mde her

TO - INFINITIVE
corr€ct to corre.t

colltinue to contin!e . Ile' used lhe mah entrance io enter thebu[dtn!_

' She usd salt to searon th. me,r
Can you show ne how to trse thc computer?
: lery was happy io g€r good rcrlts.
llv ' He promlsed to return myboo[.
gather to gather
invite to invite know rtat
nappened ln the
We exerche in ordertostayheanit

pay to pay .
We worl to acquhe erledence. .ti
quench to qu€rch We studyceographyto
mdelstand aboul people . 0oyouhaveanythirgto
. lt ls tlne to go for tunch.
rcllglons and culturcs. . All ordercd her son to stop the

. lattenda cookingctassto tearn lhe

ffi
. Candyisteachingthe chitdrcn to draw

. laD sure the chlldrcn most haye many

, The corect way t0 greet y0ur

ftlendal nlght ls to say,c0od
' wilhout 'to' and aft€r
rmay',
'rrust', 'should', 'will', js no peopte to tatkwtth.
Ihee
. ficre ls a tree for you to stand
The chlldrcn nusr be asteep by9
. S.m should be hone soon, . lhis
. She wrll be sartht ,t the bed isconlortabte to steepon,
. Doyou have anythtngto rarkabout?
. Ihls hoose ls for hts ch dren to tive in,
verbs 'make' and 'let ol perce?tions . luyshternas manytoys to playwtth.
. Whal lnfomatlon do you need
e.g. felt, yalch, see, hear,
Shewastoo iltto ahend
. felt tie hertfrcmrhe oven.
She
. Amyrhlspered a secretto Hana.
. rne cookies snell good. - story. Siti istoosorded to presenr
in front of the ctass.
hc.
. He heard the news from a fiend- lam unwillhgro move tron this ho$€.
Ihe dd ls too erclted to meeltteafkr.
r lt ls qulle dlfitcutt to sra d the prclect.
r I an glad to h€ar your votcs ag.tn.

o PNr Neum (M) sdi. Btrd. (5546e0-H)

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d e ig E ": " :E
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f)
= =:#::
OPN Neurcn(Mlsdn ehd.1554690

It is lsed after modat verbs
'nay', 'm!st', rshouldt, .witt',
t AlinaydrinL the juice in rhe
i!&
patient nust rest in bed-
'.The
t Puan Sili will Ietch the
. feel','whisper','observe',,hear',
'crawl', 'watch', 'hear'. .see, Es . Thc cuard made the robbers
E.c . Eliza felt her teardrops ro kreel on th€ grcund.
. Tfte lawyer made the ctient stsn
! We saw the larmer harvesi
. Let them come to the Darty.
. . The hother let her son *a3h
The teachers observe thc
pupils conlplete their

. lnfinitives are used with the worq! lglin tronr ot them. They do not rak€
i past, presnt nd tuture
O They planned to
torm. Gxamp6l
for a rrip tasi mdii.l
so
(l, The chairman asked rhe members to anend rhe
meerina on rime.
. some v€rbs are to!!9!G!L!y,the intinitives bur withour the word ,ro,
ih front of rhem. lExamDtesl
O Please let the car;;.
0 can vou trelp me citlrhis studenr nos?
-
There are two kinds oI infinirives:
iij the bare infinitive lbl the ro-infinirive-

TEE ADIECTI
THAT EXPRESS

prepare, decide, hope,

happy lo know that they
inlorn your parents ot the are going to slnway
Lagoon ihis Saturday,
. Alirclused to go hom€ . Parveen was atraid to
tell her mother that 3he
had failed in her test,
. Tina was annoyed to
. The boys had to watk . Can you show the maid
lor days in the iunsle.
. how to bake piza?
Father h.s cone to . Do you know how to
. I went to b{y sonle
. Pleas€ rell ne which
rcad lo tak€ to th€

AFTER TI{E MODALS

OUGHT'AND'USED'

. Zain.ni and Arhrani

. To donaie generoGty . The salesn.n is here
to 3ell some utensil3.
. lo excel in life is ny . The po3than went to
. I decided to go home
early aB it becan to
punctual to school- are to sin8 a duet at
. You ought ro be honest
r Liza is to attend tuirion
. Azhar and I Ged ro be
. lGvita has to visit the
. Zaheer and cracey
Th€ yatchnran has to
 MFMoRy MAsrERy rHRoucH M,xD MAps E,rcL,sH GRAMMAR '". f r- ,"i*.; 'j
Read the story below. See how the possessivcs are uscd n the story.

'-a - r.:a

N,n,l \ hr.lh.rr rs \Lr'\ .i1 .l 10 On. drt \lril..\.rt.ic\tr\ rr Thc nc\t y, N ruls c.l $.r'
uirrrlr. ]1. i{ rls N\ s hLr tlfg llrc linnlt s lirirr! r.orr . rltt rh\nig ncd .r .i\ct. S!dlerllr.
h.ri{1 rlrr fr\\ ol lru:ui. brirr! (hc crl nrncll diggirrg th. gtouftl

Ilo{h \!rulrfd KLrnrrri\.r. \\'hcn Nurul s trrothcr lbunrl llc root thc ert 1o . h.l(l hofing
sulf|isel th.t lrcr crr hr(llirund our rtroul the hcrsurc. fic \rs l,) lind l!.rsur. lhc cNl dug t)
rhc lLcrs!rc I hc r'clsLrc \ r\ i.rlouj $lstc li)i h .r bccrus. hc \Ns r

I I:xrrnflc.i r l'].sses\ilc Nouf (Snigu]lr N.un) I Eumple ol.llssessi\e l\orout

2 Lr rfle ol.l'oscsNc,\dlccll\c

[f,trirzfinql

-a\
pcrson.raf.r m. to sr.u
.wnersh F o. r€laiionsh p

Rashid's bi.yc e.lrre b.y s

A passessi!e prcnoun La
My Arandmotheas umbrela.
the p ace ol6 Dossessve
rn.,-.r. * r*r, Itl ,
"",,"d.t4
NULES FOR USIIIG POSSESSIVES
 MEIIIORY MASTERY IHNOUGH MIND ItrA-';iGiEi GNAMIA;
__13!!9a99!!!!!!!E!9uN5,'Roxouis Ar{D aD.'EcrryEs

For plural nouns add the

For singular ouns add the aDostroDh€ apostrophe (') after the .s'.
{l befor€ the ,s'. E.s. E.g.
@This watch betongs to Zeenat. O These bass betong ro ihe eirts.
This is Zeenat's war.h- Thes€ are ihe girts' bags.
OHave you seen the rafite The birds haye buitd rheir nests
to the baby? on this tree.
The birds' nests are on this

For plural nours that do not end in .sr.

add the apostrophe tottowed
€) The dresses thal b€tone to those
women are sewfl by tftis taitor.
Those women's dresses are
se$n by this taitor.
0 The toys that betone ro the chitdr€n
ar€ in the cupboard.
Th€ children's toys are in the
.s'. For names ending wftrr .s'. aaalhi
by E.s. apostrophe after the .s'.
e.g
@ These plants betons io Nichotas.
These are l{ichotas' ptants.
(D The paintinss that betons ro Thomas
are worth a million rineFit.
Thomas' paintings are worth a mi ion
ringsit.

The Doy'! cat causht a mouse.

These children's shirt. we.e a[ lousht by h€r aurr.
8ov Boy's Boys' The lawyers'coaas are very cte.n.
Pupil Pupil's Pupils' The €lephant's trrnk is causht in a hote.
M@t oI the pupils'parents came to th€ meeting.
Elephant Elephant's Elephanls' My lriend'. sister met with an accident.
chird Child's Cftildren's That ctild's nother works as a nlrse_
F €nd Friend's lroys' lather w€nt for swimming.

A Possessive Adjecti Possessive Pronoun does not need the 's io show ownership.

That is my car, mine That file is mine.

She is coming to our horse
Those books are orrs,
his This is his bicycle. his This bag is his. \--\_
hel She lost her key.
its The dog wags its tait. The cake is hers.
She has done her work we This doll is yours.
-tfieir
They went out with their
iheirs Those oens aro thehs.

115 @ PNI Neron (rM) Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)

 MEMORY MASTERY TI{ROUGI{ MIND MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR

There are lour types ol sentences:

* I sentence is a group ot words which *
consist of a subject and a verb.
Examples: qpt5 -"
. rhe child is cryina. , i r?,:;'
. Tfte boy is cryins. ,Jl
. The plat€ is clean. ' E^
. --*-'*
Mother is eoing to the market.
*^

lnlerrogolive Senlence lmperolive Senlence

. A sentence that asks a A sentence that gives an order or
question. makes a request.
' The question mark (?l Sometimes an exclamation mark (!) is
will be used: used. Examples:
Examples: Keep quietl Come in!
. l/Yho are you? Please switch Get out!
. When are you coming? on the lan! Please help
. Do you have a pen? Go away! me!

Declorolive Senlen.e Exalomolory Senlenae

. A sentence that makes a . A sentence that makes an
statement, exclamation.
. States something about a . The exclamation mark (!) is used"
person or a thing.
Examples:
Examples: . Watch out!
. Shc is yearing a red hat, . Be careful!
. That book is thick. What a lovely picture!
. They are my lriends. The movie was excitingl
. A mammal gives birth to its
I can'l believe my eyes!
young.
. Joshua has many stamps What a beautitul doll!
Tomorrow's a holiday!
trom England.
,e rdenr t wharherrhe forrdrnE e6nt€[€
rs n rerrcean ve. moe r.nve. d€cl€ ralli.i
' :1.'.]

. A simple sentence has one subicct and . A compound sentence has lwo or more
simple sentences.
' lt explains only one idea. . Has two separate and compleie ideas that
Examples: are ioined tosether by a conlunction to
. The little sirl is dancins. became one sentence.
. They are goinC to th€ library. . Examples ol conjunctions are'and','buti
. Ah Chons rides a motorbike.
. The blackboard is dirty. Examples:
. The baby is cryins. . She is the director and you are the actor.
. She likes to read storybooks, . She is the dire.tor ' l<t idea
. Mrs Raju cooked chicken curry ycsterday. . 2nd idea with
. tu Lin is washing the dishes. '
You are the actor
. Annie is drawing.
oPN Neu.oi (Ml sdi. Bhd 155a6eon)
lsr $ : ie*T*mEEr'*"mr*,*,*D *ri4b/$&:,,h_9:l /nef, € fr$r--'- ;"r

A simple senience consists ot two

main parts; lhe subiect and the & *""**' rck (3) to th€ coiied answe.
predicale. 1 Fora *nren.eto becofr ptete,
i r:nlrmr;sr
al rhebrac[boardkd k
Or rn"e 10 srbject and PEdicar€
't","-..t*.i
rar l:tTit!1Ti?5ir
r'crrcre
'"
*bj-r of rh*e
aa rhefurs Fu sn a€
. lhe subiect may be a person. . The predicate tatks about the
O Duians have sro.s
an animal or a thing- subject.
a

. The subject is the main tocus Etample:

of the sentence-

Example:
t sent€nm wlich appo.h tn th.
@t Subjecr: Jian lhrigrhat we spear about. rt

1 fte 16r or rhe senienc* rhat

subiect predicate
is watering the plants. 15 what re s6y abour subjec.
Ihls!.dot$nbnce13€led
Srbiect The doll
Predicate: has long hair
predicate

The plate is clean,

Q2) My sister is sick.
Abu will sweep the floor. mr nalu's
Qs,) car broke down.
Sheila sweeps the lloor_
2.4 | was late tor the movie.
The books are on the desk,
@$ meena is very beautilut.
Susan washed her clothes.
I gave them some presenls, !_ti] ttassan is a poor farmer-
Qf rtre lag is under the tabte.
He brought some flowers for
my mother. p!; The baby is hungry.
The pupils arrived at 8.OOp.m. E-9 Mv trottrer drove his new car.
Daniel has just lelt the house. 6-d, The girl has long hair.
lavourite {ood is rojak. irg rle aog barked loudly.
Ati enjoyed reading the book. (41 rhey went lor extra class.
Mrs Ng is good at maths.
Qil we went for shopping.
I walk lo school. a14r c€etha
ghe loves animals. i:s,i m, ui has a big bungatow.
He missed his school bus, j) Kamata
r,3.
is bathing,
We are going to the tibrary,
lsi sr'" paid her school lees.
They came by car.
lather €9, The Sultan had a brilliant idea.
My is a mechanic.
Sheila baked a cake.
6J I gave them li{ty ringgil.
(i9) She washed her shoes.
ate lhe mouse.
The tarmer harvesled the crops. @a Ah Leng is reading a masazine_

o pNrNeurcn (Mt sdn Bhd ts546eo Bl

 MASTERYTHROUGH MIND MAPS ENGTI5H GRAMMA; "*
j

lA ,.//rhe 3ubiect a]try;t

A se.tence usually has two maln parts: 'E\rrr!/:i.
)/ /.'. Nurul
usually cones belore the object.
(i)a subject{whatthe sentence is about) catr speal Enslish lluentty.
. Can speak Enslish tlu€ntly Nur!1. L!
V
(ii) a predicate Che part of the sentence
which gives infomation aboutthe sublect)
' rh€ blackboard is dirrv" M
. ls.lirty th€ btackboard. E
L subiect . I must be at hone by two o'clock. V
llv.
is the capltal of lUalavsia.
. Must b€ at home by two o'clock t. It
liltes to playlheguitai . Sheila is readins a storybook. M
book is sheila. E
The €l/
Ihe predlcate may also codain an
6bject, a cgrlemento? an adeerblar.Iie oblel
cotr tefcnt cones immedlately after the verb.
/ /L''-tt". (r' Mv brother drives the car
ntain at least om linite ///,/
verb thar ends in rins'or has // ,/ (ii)we are classmares.
before it is a non-fitrito verb,
! "-"",
f/* r,;:,0 *;LI,,, n;;'"" "",,"*z
l(suchrsaftertiev€lb,obiectorcomltemenl /
(i) !9 tas collected stamps since
1l€dogba*ing. a rnedogisbarking. M. tuttict abEd tcd,:

I Ihey to go swlnming.
EI

I
ourhomewod(. M
Sle qI,6 e:!::the!Iidej

swimming. g a) DiEcrobject snedinsftici@iarreadjotomh!

Indirect 0bject benerbilmhe adjon m dred
#3mr1r0 '!d

FI't-]- iluuiJirul Ihe lndlreft object com€s after the drrect obtect /
lf it ir,fn a Dr.Dositional Dhrase , /
JILjJ-jjll Xillj
M_l
H
tir]iuxalii (ii)Jason returned his best fricn.l
subj{t rcb
&amples of s€rtencesj

1. Birds flv. lell into the water.

2. Fish showed him a silver axe,
3.Ihe prpil reads a book. will give you the gold aft and
4.Ihecat caught a mouse.
5. Henry openedthedoor. 4.Ao old gentleman was walking along the strcet. l
6.lMargaret 5. A boy had left some dry wood near
went into the chemist's. thefire.
8.Ihechemist took the cork outofa botile. 6.Ihewood caughtfire.
9.Thecork waslnthebottle. ZThecbildren bought a lot of toys.
10. A poorwoodcotter S.Thepupils are playing football. ,
9. llly aunt is sewingcutains..

l.Iheshopkeeper sellsbicycles. 1.She went into the shop.

2.The cat killed a rat. 2. Ming sat at the baclofthe class.
3. Mydog is barkingin front of my iouse. 3.Thcgardener is watering the plants.
4. Tte rain has stopped now. 4. My moth€r willfeed the hens.
5. Agiantsized flan is eating at lhe restaurant. 5.lhe old man walked slowly out ofthe house,
6.Thisflower isinthegarden. 6. May answered all the questiqns.
7. He has lost his knife. Z The glrl sells butler, sullar and tea.
8, lllary can sing. 8. llly father pald a visit to Beirut.
9. Shi ey 9.Ihe hen laid an egg.
10. Myuncle rvant€d to boy a ,arm. l0.Theirees have lost all theirleaves.

6PNrNsreilM)sdn. 8hd.15546e0-H) ua
 "'M""' 1t; l!*', IHl,gll"Ei,if ip"ls,i.."il+.,i:Lg- "*;
the left are positive staiements.
the right are nesative stat€m€rrs
A statGment with not is caled a nesative statement.

/!-!C
thirsty.

jr.n. gi,r, 3.Thegirls

arctall.
/;'' / wttt,

F/ \"*.
\i';.\
t!
f /r ; iii
-f
i ..i ( !
Mi \i
l1E i ! sl E
,l !iM :.'t"r
*i:rFlr
!i;"-l *
l r
-!
!t @ ; I
.|: ;:t.; -q
rih4.
r =,"
)-, !l r .rr/ i!i il{;/d-i
f-ij;i"'g
ai >;t ;
/.F s'lJ"ir
'a /:" f/
,;rilr": \ e i--l r / E=si
i"dr"/.-t-j;
'\ .- ?\.\9-tlp l.F Fr i*-.f/-'V rs/e"V
'/ E- /
'%\q1
's\t i\^ I -3 i/i "-'

&* %M l?/
5.riere s trorci rood ror rhe pany
'*&
? frd, srrourd bs
Llirft hseme trinyejdda.
cner ro aninals
ta "i 'p;1#
r"r/""t,
;fr%::f,

tftl,"a/l
Ih6y kllow abod
thc extra class.

Dotheyknowabout
th€ exha clas?
ra
et
sublect
aE^_t I Yes, they
ine can go to the party. l{o, they
Yusri bathing?
Thegi s boughta
bungalow. Can Pauline go to the party?

Have the ghls bought Does itrainoften here?

ct I{o.shecan't.
Yes, it
lffid-l
Tomorrcwwillbe a oubtic hotidav. jtdoesn't.
laM- No,

Willtomorrow be a pubtic hotiday? Fl3,:'i1]

Yes,ltvrill. udly

ogbarl
I0nilN0 Yns / N0
QUISIII)NS Do. c r*d bero'e a, you, {rq
'.,
Do* is 66n beft6 re,, shd and ir.
Dld ls u*d befoE a,,rou

!19 @PN Nsroi (M)sdi Bhd.(5546e0 H)

 iIEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MII{D MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR
"Ww-$H
O Positive Statgnentierpress that som

;;'-{u"'il*-tt'tffiff")ffi
Erarnpl": (i)
(ii)
I will not attend the neetingthis
The man who is standins there is not my
week.
lathcr.
cil-re rne msirire r*emmrro
neeaaive staiement. unde nerho
When changing lrom positive statements to negative corectanswer'
nglithe
statements. we add 'not'to :+
it. ' There ls som€th

9.91! Tel!'.'l:l:.1.":r
1'fte'eseiougxfdodlo'thepany
anyrhrng rn the crpboad.
When changing
-@positive-=l:.r-
from statements
to negative statements, we may
have to make some changes. Look at
the table.
Examples:

{' rh;os i3 in rhe ihe .tos is not i;ihe f2 rhitger ts ctrasing-rhe tiser is noi
kennel. kennel. (nesative) . its pr€y. chasing its prey.
The lat boy likes The fat boy does not like O Flora shorld paint Flora should not paint
vegeaables. vesetabl€s. th€ t€nce. the tence.
€f Linda can sins Linda cannot sins very Mumtaz knows the Mnmtaz does not
very well. well, way to my house. the way to mY house.
Ther€ was some There was no haze W€ can €at in the We.annot eat in the
haz€yBterday. yesterday. library. library,
went to school. Rani did not so to sch They car dance They cannot dance
The doctor has Thc do.lor h;s nof well. well.
ebmined his er.'nined his There is some lood Tler€ isn t any
eft on the table. left on the tab

In negative state ntractions o{ the verbs mdv be used. Examp

---'-- .
,_.,\ .o "---.
7(eve-not
aren.r \ed-"*"""."' / 76as not
wonr :lilf,'"fii::H* S' werenot
I would not -
\ should not -
yer)mirr. \coutd not -

Various ways to Iorm add Jrol to modals (can, coukl.

will. aould, rhall, should)
negative statements. hav€ emc brcad with rou.
€,s. lmran can run vervrast,
You do not hav. any bread

;- Dlur.lnouns
There.re 3ome apple3 ln the Th. children h.ve *arched
./ Aimrd d.6llke bursen atur
thcre arc no apples in the
I #si.l1:.:Tlli*:1:
Nf0ailv$ $TAlnilnilil
O PNlNeuron (M)sdn. Bhd. (554600i-Hi
7
t
I tt - 'E a. mim-onvr3:masreav rxRoucH MIND mAps ENGLrsx cnlmmrn-
l- i ..r- !+_roPrc PosrlvEAND NFcAflvE quEsTloNs AND REspoNs.s

,]D
changethelolowing posft !e seilences inro negar ve sefiences 1) Fehs donl have rolers 2l You r'.!entealen, ?
'Ihgy.anslnEveryWe[..Jr1tparcnishavogoielothemalkei'
-?

r-asge,aanrrd-,,'
,' F.;s:iii,t '
'--"_:':'.
A po:itive
Responses r'\
que.lio starl\
-_:-,/ \\ / Ve
. /When sivine a .
.iih ; ;;.t;;;. ,; / D."iii;.;;";,.". \ befor€ rhe subiecrbe. pur the verb .to
.
. wirh ,have.
pur the verb.ro have.
po5itive
lo5itive torm.
lorm. ;5 // se begin
beein rwiih the
I Yu3ri is bathins
I Ir rhar vour car? i1 // woa ve...
sord 'Yes' - b€fore the subject
i iirJ""iirii.i: il l1 Yes, c.r. {statehentl
that is my r-heairls h-ave a bunsarN.

:'":.i:iliil+-' "r" l" n"i,l,*1""i'::"*o\,' l;""$1::i'n'*'',, I l'"'i:il:

ii'ii"t;,"t''""' ::" tlii:ilf*7 ili''l''""41r^"r*., 4,,,rrii,tt="."""'"-"

Neealive Ouestioni.,, i
\ \ J,iii'"i11*'7
- ./ i _ i:*" ,\ / verb.,odo'
Put the modals \ \ // ; lyitffio: doe3 and did
Detore the subject
questlon Neqarive , \ / 1r rhd hnos about the enra ctds3.
co t/\/'
Aiesative
with;a verbvn
yerb in ::
::, Jl'::"" --:-'-*"
/ /, :.do ' Paurine Qn
iI //
. uo
rts with
:.arG mey
!!ev xnow about rne
lnow aoour ihe enra
party.exha ccra3s?
rorm.\
necativ€ tdrm \
j n€aarivG i'l t{erponses.,
Responses / Yes.tieydo. to the party.
jd
\1
tsn't ttrar yorr \ wt""-EfiiiFffi nye
i: 'c.n Paurine
"'- tothe so / /" o thevdln
partv? - l /
t ,.
bicv.r.i \ t;;a;;;:;"";;; rr rains orten herP
Didnt Muthu invir.l E ${ri rhe wd.d.N;.
*'**
Ye., she can. il I

,/ \
.Doesitr.inonenheE?
*
rast / 7l
Iilii'.Xxxi;-
fi.leiff'"i:"JX:l'l
rom scnoor
il::;,;:l;",,,",." .rne doB baaed roudry?
l; Deeoavati. ,/ /
mc tor
illill*"o*"./ ;t
/ t
; ll*.u:11".
jr 4
forher.dmnnrar
late I/.ngryq;", 9,,if0.,"01"*.og
No. she wasn
\ --wrii,o N
t "VEs' q& "tqD\
A.rEsltlxt{Ns
Yes, lt did.
No.ttdtdnt.
"1"."r?
t
5 Didntell /
/
you
'-' lt ;i;;
4i
"-'- \
then the ./ E i
-trfih? ta t //

\ IP
i\lo
lls
Jll
'lrlr
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E
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IUJ /la
IEJ JU
JsY IE
iTf itl!
loI 6l
lNl '
lsl ryl
OV
NI
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 ME OiY MAS'ERY TIIROUGH MIND MAPS EIIGLISII GRAMMAR

+'ri'
tags car he used with is49rys!
Dositive stat€ments.
'The ve.b to be 0r toharc,in lhequ".rion rue.)tr
Delhe rcgative fo,m ofihe sam€!e'b in the lralem.n
26.*:':ffi:d*6;
@' l) She isyourfri€nd, is.rshe?
ii)The exam hasrarted. hasn tit?
Itrequeslloi lagwithlhe&gattve tomoltheve6,to do,
l*l;.li*i*t"t'xt;":;
stagrc€wrtlrlhesobjectand rhevelb in ueslatem€nr

l) He goestoschoot bybus, doesnthe?

She lookssobeautitut, doesn tshe?
i*'si"i::"*#d
E
eEnDle, we lse don't', c TAGS
QuESrloN
@D D
They like to play badminton. don,r
o Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
liketo playbad'n ntor, do not Rs Simple Future Tense
There, They
pronours of the que3tion u
tags mu3t agrce wilh the c You are ten years otd, ;ren,ttou?
ln the statcm€nt.
&Bnanisyou.to$er,isn,the? I Ivly father is in the orchard shed, tsn't
Those books are new, arcn't they?
M N Ahhah is quite prctty,lsn tshe? Simple Past Tense
Bdan isrlurbrcth€r, isn tBnan? E G You have a sister, haven't
That is myumbrelta, tsn't
It vas a hot day yesteday,
Shqib is your ctassmate, isnrshe? Vl
i$ }!rr clasDate, isnlsheita? 0 You me! your
. ne
coushs, dtdn'tyou?
bors {erc late, weEn't theF
U . You and your famllywent out
B yesteday, dldn'tyou?
g . Aler lostthe g.ne, didn'the?
.
T Melllsa was absent yesteday, sasn't

*Ssk; I
o Simple Future
't . Mary Yns sreetng, wasn't she?
Ite dass was
rtement, the statement \
brcken. wasn't iO
n be turned into a questioD. N tanlce vas at nome, wasn'l she?

stadium,won'tyou?
.
lhey hav€ se€n it, haven't they?: T Shewillhelp us, won'tshe?
. There rvillbe a show, won'ttherc?
A They will llsten to you, won't they?
There, They
G She will come tomorrow, won'tshe?

I 0ur frieids wlll ioin us, won't they?

. He lNlllgo to Penangnextnonrh,
. 'AJon't' is used to
r€plac€ 'am not' to form We shallgo ahead. shan'twe?
quc.llon tags bec.u.e . s\dywillteave nerr weet, Therc are nany nnbutan
therc ls.o 3hort torm tor
.
---l i
' lley show o yon, don,trhey?
There aren t any oeoDlc left. are there?
@ ' lllleto oatdurransvery much but thev ae ven
Iam h thecompetition, r@n ? dear, aEn'tthef
. ftereserclotsolbananasonuartree, weren,t

. Thereslllbe a crcwd, won,ttherc?

. Ihensirlb€ a p6cttce, won'ttherc?
\Fl . ll1e bool(s rlrt be cheaper
thatilme, won,tthey?

o PM euni (M) sdr. Btrd. (s546e0-H)

ttrur
 MEMoRy MAsrERy r-HRot_aiirl; mr$i[cuix im-m-nmi -
roPrc rs I outs oN rAcs ii
IQUESTIoN TAGS: euestion tags are used at the er]d of sentences to form questions.

The building is very ta .

.The teapot is hot, isn't it? .She is a beautifulgirl,
.The phone is rjnging, isn't i isn't she?
.The dog is chasingthe .The boy is quite dirty, isn't he?
isn't it? . Jim is sleeping now, isn't
he?
.The plant is growing well, .The o d lady is sitting on her
':t isn't it? rockifg chair, isn't she?
. The diamond is expe .That teacher is very good wtth

ffi
A
isn't it?

.They are swimming in the

children, isn't she?

pool, aren't lhey?
' .The students are eatingatthe
cafe, aren'l they?
.The polce are chasingthe robbers,
aren't they?
\ .The puppiesare hiding under
the table, aren't they?
CAN'T
.The picture can be hungthe
can't it?
i . You can help me, can't you?
. . She can swim without floats,
can't she?
. .Tom can playtennis, can't he
q;*;;;;;;:ffi"i
\.The computer can be used ,

Eot{Tl 4
.The teacher will be in class today,
won't she?
.They will watch the footba ma
won't they?
. The girls will be waiting by the
main door, won't they?
SHOULDN'T
. Sa n'r
should keep his
clean, shouldn't he?
.Theyshould finish their work
before p aying, shouldn't they?
.The Jlets should be taken for
Walks, shouldn't they?
.We should take this
ad. shouldn'l
. N,4uthu likes eating bafanas,
doesn't
. The baby sucks on her
thumb_ doesn't
she?
. He enjoys readinA novels, doesn't he
.That policeman directs traffic n-^a
the schooi, doesn't he?
. Mimi has taken the book,
she?
.The car has broken down. hasn't it?
.Sara has paid the bill. hasn't she?
.The little boy has drunk some
milk, hasn't he?
.lt has started to rain,

.She managed to buy the tickets, didl

she?
.You brought my ball back, didn't
.They locked the door before teaving,
t didn't they? J
. He climbed the mountain, 1:".:t' ,<>
*<d -&rd
t23
JHf r PN NPU, r M sLrr Bhd r5r1b9oH)
 *.7
Questron tags car) be positive or negative.

4*^*,, ,4

lacs'rl:ri:i,i:,iil;tiHi:rii*""":.,

quEgtroN

NEGATIVE QUESTION
POSITIVE STATEMENTS
TAGS

2 Ani p/.ts the prano ever!.lay, doestf,tshe?

I He hnows the ans\4er to the quest on sle tn" *+ t" fiF ,brary, doesn
2 Anf plays the p afo every day_ :""". r
3 She knows the way to the tibrary.
I /
)4 t was raining heavity lasi night, wasn,t ir?
4 lt was rainlng heavtiy tast fight.
,5 Alshah won the iirst prize, didn,tshe?
5 Aishah won the first prtze. He can hetp
6 He can help her to carrythe books,
/ herto carry the books,

7 We have met before. /, i We have met before, haven t we?

8 She has a white handbag E She has a white handbag, hasf,t

J_ MEMo* rE,

I
ouEsfloN

NEGATIVE QUESTION
POSITIVE STATEMENTS TAGS

playing fow, aren trhef

2 Hespeaks English we i, doesnt he?
l They are ptatrnC now
:l She car dnve a car, can t she?
2 He speaks English we .
.1The studeits were n the i)a]l,
.-_ 3 She can drive a car. werer.r t
they?
4 The students were in the ha|.
5 W. must srudy hard iorthe
5 We muststudy hard for the examjnation.
exam natron. musf t we?
6You can do the work by yoursetf. ! YoLrca| cio the work byyo!rse t, can
7 Your mother is very strict.
SThe teachers are havinga meeti i Your mother is very srrict, s|.1she?7
. rr':r-j-Trir The tedcher! are h.vrnB a meeti
lna@e bP :c
c6hl},{Jluai.qhi.

cPr NeL[il rsdn Bid 15516e.H] 124

a7

k:: F" :{-Y:"1_*r"gUg,Ull^.**"'""- 64*ffitt$

TAES .sh.ha$iw]l[rblby-?-

QUESTION
POSITIVE
NEGATI QUESTION TAGS
SIATEMENTS

iHe doesn t know ltte way to ihe shop. does

1 He doesn't know the way the shop.
2 Tom doesn't play badmjnton. l2 TomdoFsf tpldJ badrnrnton..toes he?
3 She doesn't want to go to the park. o*'n t *o* to ro to thF pa,h, .roes
4 Kay doesn't enjoy cooking curry. /.f.tf"
4 Kay doesn't enloy cook ng cLrrry. ctoes
5 lt wasn't raining tast night.
5 t wasn t raining last night, was t?
6 Ali wasn't feeting weil last week. L A r wasn t fee/ fB we i ast week,
7 The boy wasn't pJaying in his
room 7 The boywasf t playing if h s room,

Putaq!*iioihgdrtr.eidorcadsakm4t.

QUEgilOit rAos
POSITtVE
NEGATIVE qUESTTON TAGS
STATEMENTS

efny isn ibrlngngthe batoons forihe

llenfy isn t bringingthe ba bons for the party
Party, is shet
2 They didn t enloy the movie tast night.
2 They didnt enjoythe movie ast night,
3 Shlrley hasn'r got a dog.
did they?
4 They haven't got a car.
3 Shir/ey hasf'tgot a dog, has she?
5 The boys hacln t gone_
4 They haven't got a car, have they?
6 He can't swim. 5 The boys hadn't gone, had theJ4
7 We musn tgo to that la : 6 He can t swim, can he?
1 lihars rie dfiseme rreseei a posirre
I You shouldn t payth 7 We musn'tgo to that lake. must
biti SIou shouldnt pay the bilt, sho

3 Shbbo tu s rd mri be fot ove,r wh€n

t25
 EMORY MASTERY THROUGH
: Active voice is used when
the action is done by ihe
subiect in the sentence.
Example: The dos cha3ed rhe
: Pa.sive voie u$d when rhc
iE
acllon ls done to the subist in
ExaDpl.: The naushty hoF wero
Study ihe tollowing examples and note how the verbs are changed lrom the active to the
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
2 The car is driven
, ql Bala cleans the
cleaned by Bala.
, 4 They make the 4 The decisions are
slv€n by a dostman.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
i .*, she has picked 1 The rubbish has b€en
, Ai My mother has 2 The floor has been
: swept the floor. swept by my mother.
i I The children has 3 The movie has be€n
i se€n the movie. 4 seen by the children.
The car has been
I washed the car. washed by Gerald.
: 5 hathy has broken 5 The vase has been
brok€n by Kathy.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
I Sfte ras baking 1 Tfte cake was beins
2 l*8 3he *wina 2 vvas the dress beins
3 The cat was being
chasins thc cat,
chased by the dog.
4 The larm was beins
denina the lam cleared by lhe larmer,
S Sbs he ratchins s Was the rV being
watched by him?
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
He will boy the
4t
irshe willtell the ? lThe stoly will be
*:. rhey will ioin !, The cade will be
,rhe book will be
tl I will sive the 4
5, The others will be
informed by Abu.
IIIIID MAPS CI{GUIII GMMMAR
The cat ate the mouse. The mouse was eaten
Mrs Nathan baked a A lruit cake was baked
Alan clear€d the table. The table was cleaned
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENsE
Active Prssive
1 She is washing the OThe plate is beins
{9 rhe roonis being
cleanira the room. cleaned bv mv mother.
3 ls he reading the O ts ttre uoot uiine reaa
4 The sirl is writing tb dletter is beins wrirten
t ri'" ou.iun i" u.ine
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Actlve Passive
1 They painted the 1 The house was
house, painted by them.
2 Siti save Ali a per. 2 A Den was siven to Ali
by Sili.
3 Sister baked the 3 The c6ke was baked
cake. by sister,
4 Tte sirls causht 4 The rabbit was caught
ihe rabbit. lry the sirls.
5 she made th€ 5 The prety dolls were
pretty dolls. made by her.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
i, she had taken the i The bas had been
2 He had bouahl the 2r The car hrd bean
3 The shoe had been
taken by somebody.
4: A s.ake had biten 4 The girl had beeh
the girl. bitten by a snake,
5 The thiel had taken 5 The money had been
laken by the rhiet,
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
By today, they will have I By loday, the homework *ill
finisted their home have been linish€d by thGm.
2 The Ebbit will have been
2 He will have boughr the bouaht by him in a week'g
rabbit in a week's time.
3 By tomo oE th€ coach '3 By tomorrcw, rhe loolball
will have selected the team will have ben selectcd
The management will 4 Ihe pay will have been
have increased rhe pay in@s€d by the managernent
in a month's time.
 change tie tor orii g snle mes

Mib'orherddetrisne*Bi { )

() 1, Th€ Active Voice is to

by placing an ernphasis on
l. The Active Voice is used when
ihe subject in a sentence.
we emphasize lhe subiect ol a
2. This is dore by beginning
sentence, i,e. ihe doer.
senlence \ryilh a subjecl.
2. Tfie subjecl or the doer is @
mentioned or known in the Sheena wrote . letler tast night.

peformed a play on the stage.

Asentence whi.h beFins with the

To chaige irom lne Active Voice lo the passive Voice oivie,vee,
1X]i onenPedslo hnowr\P j
tfilyii moll/mok

yDllir
wA/were.dokiig vas / ver being.ooked
his/h e.ooked h:s/i ebcs mored

tumde, p€srren.J ;b itt--;," rn" w .

I* ,w,ineii
bovi mne d;'ii .ini
, --_-
1l lrj !\i))J\ll,lD|)it, r$
_irl'ieniha
iic itehr*hhh"
ia) do id.h:rge rhc mezn ngoi

Uses ol ih6
(b) do nol re e y epc ol
Passive voice
:1llll'- - of the passive Voice

r' gvprachg rheverb to

.";i.;;;;;;": .;i;;;' zi
'. -;" , be hto rhe same tense asrhe
Active velb and addhB rhe pa;t
,'@ tr -__.
3r, .n'" -,ljilll''li.-
-IIrruuuh5rdvenDroeenaranteo.
t"or' r'u* u"-g"a. FsF
""io""n I l"J pa*icipte ollhe Acrive verb
'.TlFa,Lo,i rorhqo^noiha.bee,,rorsor.r1.
i. The actioq is not known or has been t.rsoti.n lll usu.,,tyPds,n;voicpi\p,ncd;;;rhesod
@'rorwilbeBuidedrnrouehourrherour. ill ..b''$henthcasent^menrioned
.
rr'".Lb,e(r0rdnA.rnpvL.b\0,dbap.oprF Itrlll ql I ' My molte'plarted a rose. 4 r.€
- . r.,e ,

(4r.Iiemadissu\ppcr€do,\rdrdppilerhFchjtd. i, ,,;;;;;. ""..."

"a]iii,i"i
l.rhepasskeo,co;inuousienseisronnedbyaddtn8
lli
jv.whenwe.,emo,erDieresteorno,"o'"n."o"ittr,",lll me p*ii"ici,iti",ilii" iol.iiijii;;;;ili"
..,0nrh,,i,F',F'.nnqtrn.r-. ill f..rr,"s,y,,*,;;;r.;i;;,;;;;:..
";,...-
b".

@ .=e "oal'". l*. oo,g" ,by v, BenFdic) llf " r"" fr;r ir u""e
.

,-'."''"'.,'"n,"n.,"".".. ";.ij";
--;;:;;i;";,;X;;;;;;.;;;1;"0.,."".,'',",
ro,.rel L 'i;;;;,"",,,"",*
Fi. i,.Fnent..
*;-;i;.
.Tnor,"+n, E thal re.cnr. inp ddion F,nthFnassir'F,oice.tt
@ 'rhispesenrhasoeenopened rbyshamine)! I dle.l";_-i$"1,1"'"';'J",,1::l-*.
;:':r;;-;
rftrlil,l':{""rfl".,j:i'rf:Jt**"
.. @'shewasannoyed bysuzy. ,/ |
I
rh.lerlooe ldnoadi-.prpor{drnvFrb
I '
""""i"rj"",ri---
t 127
s:ti,#lti!,;ri!11:1,,,
oPNr N{mniM)sdn Bhd F546q0-H)
 Rrle 1 Rule 3 .

The tense of the ver

has to refrain the sa
Z U preposition when w6
with the subject in number wh chang€ a phrasal verb {verb +
preposition or verb + adverblfrom
ee chars€ a sentence trom the
active voice to th€ passive voi.e thc active voice lo the passive voice.
@ @&
. Sam u5ually sends lh€cartolhe wolkshop Some robbers brok. into the lrank last

/J.i€ r./.-., f€.cir re,srl

. The cartsusuallysentro rhe The bankw.s broken lasr nisht, tr
workshoD onc€ everytwD months lhe bank was broLen into |rst .g
R0le 2

the simple past tensc and

th€ siflple furure tense. Sometimes, a passivesenience does notconGin
to be'+ pasi oarticipte ot nain verb an agent (the pe6on thatdoesthe action).

Veds itr ll'e F$ive w @ ae lofled h thes mys I ourhousewas boken intowhilewewere on holiday.

znFrels+pa !:dcpeorwb ftefollowingarc some exanples of phtasalveds :

rl--

qaMplt,cslhs eMtuE: sehssEr Rule I wh€n we chanee a

pilrm tu s MrmE'n:nwftvh|d I /sere+bei4+padFdj.pr""r,"d .. *nr€nce in thc'i,i:Jl"iiiii iliiJ,*i"""* .:
. rerse to rhe passiv€ voice:
-'8" *"-* ---- dr*t toba +bein8+pasrpadcipleofmainEb

I/ GRA MAft R'JIfS |::;;-\

'--- "
'=al{"",,..b,*,'..,.A"dr,'
{a)Isb0$orhewdshasbcm:iiiheene, pqrinl-dlinloulletre kibsnB+pdtpanhiple l
'I/re
. she h ssmg the cdndins.
[j"i*j"i".,*"'i,J"
'.quao'rr'"",i.n" _ _ "d.-...F
.rrecurrdrnsa,ebeincsesqbvhe,. d,' ",d.p
ffiT\
We can omit the asert {the prd @ntnroF teM: wa( *ee - re,ns.oa{oan('pe , u.,r;,,.,i
person thins lhat doosqe
son or thina doElle . She thero,n- * F . ,.. e
was decoraunR
srre,vas decorati,rs the roo,n. ,. ?., i,"".,";;;i-." r,"
n",","""".*
.lneOonwasberngdecoratedbyher, /pd,5,e'o.c)lPd.i,er'oucdi14,
Te-.fteoornwasbeingdecoratedbyher.,pds,e,o.crrpd.$eiouc,i1d
lroh the a.live voice to the p.ssive\ ., ;"r,ung"amto",r*,* l
.

/ th€ agent is unknown oL

voice if the o}- - -:!i\i . , j rrhoAdwvore. i
unimportant.
unimportant. ':-
/ We include
n.lude the asent
apent e{*=r=-s '
e{ffi-;=€
asent when we want to @gj . T"d
l.Mlooddrn !
ehDhastse the lerson o. thine rhat o..i^ r
caused the action we have to u* bv
- nsread ol bv : ol turrq :
bef.re the aqent. in a passive voi.e senlence when the verb iTTm d'dm qj
--.---:
T': *
.^truncntimetheysercaransinerieirtabres. thar ir used by
relers to a state of thines t ather than to an 'lrrnrc@d i
;;ii.;.;'-"h;;;;,;ili;;; i;"i;;;i-
someone. i..r,"igmpr..*
iii:,i:li::,T;,
gty:ole. e4t.c1tn@6 ten?.. / 6' .Thesupemarkeriscrowdedwithpeopetoday. ...--,----,' I
. netablesree being arai8ted at lunci
/
(eeie @ice, e.ast @r rtu.us tft)a- . My ma boxwasltooded with bulk e mait overrhe

pn]SH{I AilD PASI COI{TINU0US uilSIS, """'#,.*"o.,-."**.

3:*!$",f,itif,i[il;fi..,-,,.
i:*'#Jfr,i1",;fi"Ti,i:"',i,",11:!1"*" IHI passrw WTII'BY'0R'wTH' ::f:' :;::l :$:" :l]:,

o PNI Neuron (M) sdn. Bhd. {ss469GH) l2a

 r,*1 {-\ MEMORY MAS_rERY THROUCH M|ND MAPS ENGLTSH GRAMMAR

lhe passive voice ol the present perlect
tense is lormed in this way :
prusent Perfecti has/have
been + past participte
@ . The car has been washed by him.
: ;l"J""ffi
.
i5::il:r:-Tii "
The vase has been broken.
'. The gates have been locked.
The building has been painted.
. The shoes have been polished.
The passive voice ot the future perlect
tense is lormed in this way :
of!erb ruture periJ: wirrrrave * t€en , past pa dicipte of;erb
(D . The dinner witt have been cooked by
fi .
her in an hour's lime.
The grass will have been cut by
them by tomorrow.
. The composition will have been
wriiten by her in lwo hours.

Rule 2
The passive voice of the past perfect
tense is formed in this way :
Past Perfectr had + been + past pa{icipte of verb
@. The car had been washed by him.
The form had been signed by us_
My handbag had been stolen. 'r;.
The vase had been broken.
The gates had been locked,
The building had been painted.
The shoes had been polished.
When a sentence wiyh modals suc has
can, may or must is changed lrom th
active voice to the passive voice, the
has to be changed in these ways:
can + be + past participte ofverb
may + be+ past paticipte ofvelb
must + be + pastpadjcipte ofverb
*
(A . Uncle's van must be repaired by
the mechanic this evening.
. This problem may be discussed by
the commitlee soon.

Rule I Rule 2
A passive sentence sometimes does not The agent is normally lett out it the person
contain an agent. or the thing that did the action is obvious.
(0. Rahimah's vittage was flooded tast @
nisht. t',...\-
.
' Ahmad's otlice was burgled yesterddy. Cammy writes lhe story witb
' Aminah's purse was stolen yesterday. and wit.
fP".--..^-=;_------
. Cammy's story is written
with humour and wit.

/;(\
Rlll0 4
ln the passivesentence, the agent ot The passive voice is usually used to
an action can be lelt out it it is describe an experiment or a process.
rnimportant.
Itt
GD. The cans ol sardines are sent to
l- fi -\
a
machine where they are labelled.
. Th€ teacher advised the stude . The pineapples are cut into slices or
the dangers of smoking. cubeg and placed in cans.
I +*----
. The students were advised about the
dangers ot smoking.

i PN NPUron Mrsdr. Bhd r5s4aeof)

 r-&€ ";E FG H": ;a
of
5EP 9€e ia:
5S- de: :FP {9:
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a .'-;,>/9 .,
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46.
a5o! ;Et elie :Ecsi*+ .a *
7
oa;;0
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:e
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-: o r !
o
Eq 6 F
a .E
b:
ii"';q - eFp! i:!>
E ;3 .= .E
,E o
A::
o Pl 6 E9E! E:
6'e @o rP
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o F E! 9; H; ,+fl
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ur.i
ts : !€ ; s 6 - a "
{j h !9 i,9a_:;P ero
eg!E+" g! 3o g q! 9:
& p: F36"a
d: E i
?z t,3 -E i;F
?E 6e =; :. :..i €
: E e:
.i E3.
l,'ra
"j, E H "; b:.
9oiobo6"a A
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M:pF
b --- !q!
o :6 po 6::
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SF
€ee
'oo u=
a!2 =:E
9!!
r -l; -.4
Ct* HP 6=E

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yd
i XZ;? ?E! E3 := i: e:: r
6eE d E;F}€ 93 6 i.Y F oq: D

[=: g.- E;!

F:^E E.
9" 9 ;:l:-.3
iE evi a;99F
?gr?r 8f 6 iP=; Ho,
3= d E:;" f g: '
er €cilB.s. e!'
dg E". P
.9-i
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iio -u P
r: 9! 6!o t!o ?
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:- nli^ 6A <> - 3:F 5i9
813:e;1 ao. c;:
: 3: 5e 5. +tr:
PE
OE F a a ?e 6:5 ::9 :;
3:.q
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53.:;
z4z,"a
s=
zX iff q
EB :.= 'Et: F!E :!
f,l- e oA9 rEP _E!4.
.4i; tr= 4- E.b? 9+;9,;6P
?F. -:zF:i
?!t. 21n' "'ifEE*v:d
ilf i=8f
o PN Neubn 1M)sdn. Brrd. (5s46eo
ek* il
H)
T
 MEMoRyMAsrERyrHRouctmrrrl;m-api:ncr.rsTG-nxriruri frf !F x.*'i .ii'!
*reP$&'-#ri) tEu

ft@ r"n"". *. **0".n", *,nli,"l",

rsed to show whether rhe acrion is haDoening
ar
"" J;;;;;il;;
that time, is compteted or is
Tenses can be divid€d into rhree parts:
habitrat, d&;
@ - fQfg
1."','.1:L,t-tlEf,
nen.s!rled,srhg,dosede$

. The Simpte . The Simple Past Tfte Simple Futur€

')Lillti;
The Future Continuous
Continuous Tense Continrous Tense
. The Past Pertect . The Future Perfecr

'Mrbmrtfr_tu4)hmtr4!4shra
.s"rL.n_lskepl d! 4flr nahr )
The Present Tense is divided .e
A:S,MEMMYTES
into lhree parts:

Lina reads a book. Lina is reading a book. Lina has read a book.

. tsins, ). I am sincine. (
. You sing. \a . You are sinsine,
. He sinCs. . He is singine. .ar^\ j
. She sings. He has suns.
. We sinc. Sh€ has suns.
. They sinc. 1:;l'"1'.:l":l"';W{
a . They are sirsins. { They ftave sunA,
tot O PNlNeuon (M) Sdn. Bhd-:
 )@ffiffiGl-l
The simple present tense is used to indicate:
Itersootrao I
. I eai lwo slices oI .
D'i.':l:,r**"1 I
Come h€ie!
sit downl br€ad for breaklasi,
the earih moves l:l::Y.i^*iH:ii
. c""".",nr"-.", .c
I
I
Beware ot doss! .l drink eight sla . les-/..
A chicken lays eccs. c.-..a-k c II
ot water every day, . A rose plani has / a Ph'.d r"b*
. Molly jocs in the /
/ """,- ad,", .p I

;[;:'-'
I

|
\ I
I
. My brother drives a car. . lGmila throws
. I live in an apartment. the ball to lacyln,
. luy exams beain next lffi
' r, " r" o-r.,n,re -*a
I
I
. My pen-Iriend writes . Amelia cycles to school)l / p-."-.-. I
Jacyln drops ihe ball. ^".r""*
,,,"f."" I
letters to me every . Ronaldo kicks the . iohnathan leaves for
ball. The ball entels _^**n.c.*"pnsl
the goal post. /.1,.r,,"*,.na I
/ harr fPn " I
,/ A c .""t""
T[[ SHpU pnmH{T TII{S} ,-\ ""t""
Btur
I
I
t'ir,.rn"r.mD I
R.-'ll.,h.l"ll""'^R'."1."".' l
"rt" I
The Pr€sent Continuous .. rhebml advb he,n'helE.' I
l
Tense is formed using
lhe verb 'to be' + rinc'. pnNxilr
It is used to indicate: "*_'-

AI{ ACTIOI{ TAKII{G

LACE AT THE TIME
ACTIO PLAiII{ED
. I am writing a lett€r. FOR THE FUTURE
. Sally iB washinc tfte
. We are visitins the
. They are restins under Old Folks' Home next
. I an hiking Mouni
Xinahalu n€tt month-
. . They are coina on a
\rrhrextwekt_/_z
n eht ha,ket dn ruesdays.
CONTII{UOUS ACTION
III THE PASSIVE VOICE REPEATED ACTIONS
. Th€ cheese cake is
playing wilh lhe LEGO
. The movie is beins , . Salman is forder handins
/l in fiis hom.vnrL l:t.-
, \ . I an .l*ays remindlns
....-''-_'--' a\\
r,ou ro be eumru.r.
/
--,"
fom otrheverbseiven ln b€.kets,
(sreeo) in rhe basker.
(sell)vererabies in th€ frrdcr.

o
o 1
2
She are readirg a storybook.
Molher:s wash the dish€s.
She is readins a storybook

o 3 Suhaila is played the orsan at the

;i:'
;1.
Mother is washing the dishes.
Suhaila is playing the organ at the
o 4
party tomorrow,

o We is visiting our srandparents next ri:- We are vislting our grandparentg

o 5
6
They are work at the supermarket, * They ale working at the supermarkel.

o 7
Every day he is goidg to school.
Be eats rice now.
ta Every day he goes to school.

o a I am und€rstandins the lesson now.

He is eatina rice now.
I understand the lesson now.
o 9 I watched television every day.
10 Look! Two ladies quarrel.
I watch television every day.
.)r,!

:l: Look! Two ladies ale quarrellirg.

 MEUoRY iIA5TERY IHRoUGH

The Fresent Perfe.t Tense:

n ND MAP.-iG'.i GRAMMAi
w,ffi's6j
i|t.r,,vn tttu'! tt ullt ti) tlt't'rtt'!l &
"r.',t'rili _ duians bero€. (ea0
An action $'hich began
An action has in the past and is still An action which
iust happened continuing in the happened at an indelinite
time in the past
. The car has just crashed
in lpoh Road. ExamDles:
. . This buildinc has been . I have visited Japan.
I have just come back . Ali has gone out lor a
here since 1997.
. She has done it.
. This car has becn with my
tor abolt six . They have climbed Mount
I I have linished writins rhe

r)
IwRoNG I
. The cirl has con€ ro bed.
. W€ have not eater yet.
.
.
I knew Bobby since 1990.
I Bent to lndia. You cannot say I have nol f-6 .
.
I hav€ known Bobby since 1990.
I have Sone lo India. You cannot say I have

want to *alk .lone in the dark. do€s not warl to watk atotre ir rhe da*.

+rr r,ir,iillar.:.+-f:Jl::,) 11:r1l r.r,/{ rrr4 i'i;ffi

. They have already
i sone to the mosque. . He has not left
I lhave already seen
\. she has already . I ftave not finished
in lhe post oftice
'vrashed h€r hai.-
eating yet- . She fias taucht us
. since 1980.
I have not seen hin

(61 They play lootball every Saturday.

lwalk to school aery day.
?) Ne srins every s!.day.
I do my homework at rigllt. (9) rhe woman syeeps rtre fl@r sery nornins.
We play hockey dery wentns.
le) The children eat cereat for br.akfast.
We eal when we ar€ hungy. Xa$im rid6 a blue hicycte.

(!,1 I an eatins. a6r They are playing toolba .

r.2) I am watkins to schoot.
Qr He is swimfrine.
3) I am doine my homework. @ The eoman is sweeping rhe floor.
a4ri We are playins hockey. The children are eating.ereat.
,{assim is ridins a bicycte.

(t I have linlifi€d dradns rho Dicrure. rhey trae oou€tn a pre*nt ror him.
@ He hc iGt goE out. G)
(1 she nas drayn rfiG ltcturc hcaoritu y.
.'3--,
(a'l the ctlldr€r have @ptered ft€h troDsork
(4,1 I trave reer lfie ho@ that yo! have
!.'9) fte hlnsry boy has earen a[ th. rics
lh.y have .rrt dom th. tle- 6! rl,e warchDan has cto*d rhe garcs,
1-.) PNr Neuon (M) Sdn Bhd 1s54690.H1
 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

The Past Tense is divided into:

&"."'""'."
* *'-"
Sh"""-
Zr\){:7]!iG-
r"oxdhercse: gif;l",- # il 15,1i""..

€ry,.=
-\1" ,

Chlldrcn rik6ro d€w cadoons. E IM PASI NNST E

My daushter rcad a storybook rast week.
TI My daurhter rcads a srorybook aslvek.I

. I sang, I was sinains. . I had sung.

You were sinsins. . You had sung,
. He sang. He was singing. . He had sun€r
. She sang. she was sinsins. . She had sunc.
. They sang. They were singins. . They had sunc.
. We sang. . We had suns.

tvtoreJamptes:
-;' (

. I wrote a letter yesterday.
. The tarmer watered the
plants yesterday.
. Father bought a bicycle
lor me.
. The shark ate the fish.
. The students cleaned the
classroom this molning.
o PNrNeurotr (M) sdtr Bh,i 15546e0.H)
I was writins a letter yesterday.
The farmer was waterins the
plants yesterday.
Father was buyins a bicycle
The shark was ealing the fish.
The students were cleaning
the classroom this morning,
. I had written a letter.
. The larmer had watered
the plants yesterday.
. Father had bought a
bicycle lor me,
. The shark had eaten the
tish,
. The sindents had cleaned
the classroom this
morning,
 MEMoRy MAstERy rHRoucH M|ND MAps ENGiLtsH cnAMMAi

The Simpl€ Past Tense

is used to indicare: Action that trapper€d
l.*..r
)
"'"'.;"$'i-l'*"-
Eiampres:
Ifilhftil
r'"-or*i-
'l'' ""
g8:/ ;;.. ;
t--
. She ate a banana atter suoDer. .
.iim
The letters were delivered

:"TiLTH""";.",
":;"

@l;"s'";il''\\sfl" li-i-
ffi;""\
ma,rreswrren
he wa.
younser. ffi-
,john has .
Irt'lF]F 1L )\\
rr I were vou.i
*:*9
@@\\plsrrlil$ry-'i!i*,"'"..'",",','"'""'
/A -xamplesr
Kcourdvou
' bJd'
"*-
'\ 'eE,se
; ;.1.'er,

rd.r taken ;;;;il:"' ' .lwitch .n the {'n'

a rrarn . Didrhesirtscom€ :::il"e :::1""
horore ;:fidTi:.;il--';,
__i-'"*""@J $"".".",",
F:n'f;'gfft;
do*"o^"u.."
<tfoi
subje*, the
both sinCu ar and p urar €lb
--1141
l7|!l
E f
E:::'-""-@
some of the words that a€
used to show the simple past tense: (€) lo€et
.meDadcree s 6ed rhe sme ey IL . y6terday . rh s evening (b) dirre
El'p p, ll . rasr Fr day . t*o *""r," Zeo 9-,
i9l brcak
: i,:':,::::l'1-1:11:':lv"*'dry: ll ' montr ' "' tr,'" vEu,
tast rd)
: ffJ:",:.: i'l1J^:'.1:."1:l:r-r1"1':"r - tl 'i astvea.,u"t*".r,
"".

AqrlON THAT (b) speak

?,.""9-,1'l#ltr^
HAPPENEDATA

. I wrote letter yesterday.

a sctJ
frl'{ry
!l____ror"*"

wtren ne w,s youneer.

sh€ boncht pres€nts tor us . They atwa;s wenr tor .

t\;'1 *"rr' lilP*l*fflil

i' ii":ii[ ::#"",li,Xl;*". when
;,'.1""x*"':*#"
.;
i Q,, i,ll
rn rhe lif .h"rt.themserves
accident
he was younger,
last week. bvea to eat
he tr I wer€ an eacte, I'
chocotates. fly in the sky.
' . tf I were you, I woutd
not have taken the

A stone was thrown at th. ne to iar.v ttese toot.u ' I wrsn sarah could
dog, ;,;;;;;,;;i.";;' reunitewiihhel
.' llrs
tlis arm was broken th. . Did
in the parenrs. /l
tl
RULES accident. ^:i .r-.. -..--- the
tftey attcnd ^L
^O/GMMMAR birthdav Darrv?
i]e, -",""".,.", o." ' The books \./ere arransed . Coura you prease rena
"r me
by the tibrariar. your umbre a?
1I' *.. ? .*."* . rhe cake was bak€d '. C""ii pL,* r,.rp|n. t. .
by my aunt. 't ".,these
alranse tabb;? .
ir
-' I ' Could you please
"t"orair*r,rr'"snorop"rr"" switchontherights?dl@r
"'""'$ii:lll,*..-iill"j,il'"""'" -A
11" o19l1ll,.y*.,t"y: _^ t&ffioRYTE$
2 _ sef hor* taj
:.lla,
{/€
"i-;"a;
(go)ro h6
i;ii,'"il.i,-iilii dffi ic.
' :-':t-19,,i:T.t:11
5 r-tmee0he,sodarago. llJwelq t ;--|. i- 3 unlkdy;hd *rth.
rrh€*ind_lbroqnrcnstbn.c,ll( Vns -l.-
r Lar"sit"e-0*4ar*"s";ise * so l-lread
9
rm,a"g_(bir1,e ars""Ly. ss l"* I,,,,. _1 $i;xliilt," ::
10-d' ohb@. "
rbEar,D i,1doi -
1(}5 @ PNIN€uron (lM)sdn. Bhd. (554690,H)
 The Past Continuous

r""i"ier,i /*_ ,r\nr 6drru s bmer by d ehe rhe Eds in

i:i;""-n1
',
^."
'
/ltlf-InllTuNltrlllulllllNlt
^^,#,,4-^_- IXN$D
y'v'-
L5\
- '"2 :iiiii"lrim:r,t""''
:'::l':ll'.'

I -'/
*r,i"r' *- ,uA. i"#"r.e
r*"".o-"*iiE;.*
*
'Tl,;::T,l#,::H:iJ"
-an ectroo
trarpcning * e certair r*!l line ln "..t.
tlE tBn '
",,,""".
r.(risrened) b h€ Edro whd
. rin€ in tlic r|.st
_ amples: A,
E
Exampres: - \14:-=f
. lwas bathingwhen the telephone rans. II .television
. ll'.1'1:,::,".l::"'"" -':..
. They w€re lauahina when I entered the room. in the tivihc room ,hite .ou,",,*,""
. He eas sleeping when we .ahe to visit him. my mother was wa3hinc dish.s In / clolhes ^gih"

. The pupils wer€ talkincwhen the teacher / -:: kitchen.

rhe
l:::l':'j / as $asedng
,u *ere eahe
ctassroom. cwspaper c sed nc
entered the
irwa3iaininc // ;;;
tir'. *." i."ai'i*i*
- r'€r rarher came /,/ -when
was sweepina the floor -. A
home- / ' She
wher hq morhet taswa3hins
. Were rhe cirls cryinswhen
- ,/< --'...-_ th€ clothes. / rbk h te mred s h*.
vou siw flrenz /,/ _ / . rh€y were darciru when

l" ,':, ih., rdhe€rorre.tr

The Pasr Perfect Tense is used lo indicate: "'
lJ;----=-S:_ntut_i=1i-ru$sF-i?i*''",-,..-:;----
!!!!t_r4qr_-Lqg!L'=r]--- B-o D .e.i.e -- I-

'---S-rl--- !. ..F^
4-,-:'l-{*-,,s-'-
osaor a:r.,ur\:1_d,l il/-#liffi"5=l$,
e! eeijr./*n
/u',,r,'r,".,2",,\ .f.\ r- t|," p.,t {
-- f .!Jr!\iL! lr J\e'v')r
1J {=+f.+ -"iio
/ Et,mnl€r: \ /
. She went out aft.r she
. r had arrcady cone hohe \ l.had-."':.".":":::::'":'" I I A'!!tt:'\!1:i't
*ru" -v -.ir'..i"."t" ir'. \
.chdor.
I
I l' I had aheadv planned betor€
\ I --.'-"'i"t' "",.,
swilched ofr arr th€ ians"

.rrreuar<lffi arreaav
clossd when I arrived. t --'*rhe \ /:fllllTuhadroundyour
\ /.1l::::-"::::r,""--."-."-
Before h€ could--

+. y1
ans*er,
.,''##;"iilil'l5:;b, \/ !"d;;d;;;;. 1'11?11.]1"j
d;ii.:i;;;;;;;;;;..
garbage collector had
;;.) .9t.._"1'" r'"0,*r.0,
lot':i( *wed the curlalns,
' I;n,:T.:"Si'jI"
what ls the dinerchce betsden rhe past
conrlnuousrense and pasr penect tense?
she4mdhecde, tr
T]
L:fqr
. rhe headmistress havc taoght in th€ school tor . rhe headmistress had tausht in the sch@l lor 15
15 yeaE.
. The f.t boy had rlst slt on the swins when it . The fat boy had just et on thc ing when it
brck€.
. When ,ulia and Haelinda reached ih€ buestop, the I
. When Julia and Haslinda r€ached lhe bus-stop, the
bus havo leli.
. Arenda have won ahe tlrst p.iz€ id the Art . arenda had won the first prize in the Art
Competifion.
. Bofor€ I corld close the gate, the dog hav€ .ud . Before I could clo* the gate, th€ dog had .an
out.
. I have cleaned tho table by the time 3he got hcr€. I . I had cleared the lable hy the tim€ .he got here.
. It I have conc ro Eurcpe, I would not have to see I
. ll I had cone to Europe, I *ould not have 3een
h€r.
. lucy has post the l€tter. . Lucy had 0osted the letter.
. When my mother wor€ lrcnins the cloths, my . When my moih€r was ironinsthe clothe.,
slster was wa.hing her shoos. my sister waswashing hGr shoes,

@ PNlNeuon (rvl)Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H) 106

 w rerhesimp e pasr rense oJ rhes6 ve,ns

clinb - clinbed watk -

hbrdn<afrL Lbry !*

*^-
S".'*"."'

Selow are some words thal need ro add red'ro forrn tffir" p*t t**.

cough
visit
gather gathered

Here are some words that change to dilferent forms.

go did

think thought
bring brought

that do not change torms.

hil hit
o PNlNeuron (M)sdn. Bhd.{554690 H)
 a-t
.D?clEiTD qjl'rcr
. ue (soeaklalih. m.cinB ad ever nC chos6 2 rhGmom ig,
. Thatord man lrve) here iortwenryyea6. A sbe'e!ne.
. r - lbuyl this b .yc e rro monlhsaco B coDrs D
's.ookig
trdding 'ed' lo l[e Adding 'd' lo lne lroms endln{ in 'e'

I Rita

e rldI.""
i, rhe ream

6
o

Changing 'y'\l0"fi' Del0le addinA'ed' l0

v0 ls endhfMm 'y' exr€Dl w[en l[e .r*f,Irel

l\,.i"". ,/ B break D
d
)v an brear ig

dtn")
flranging lle spellinE

The little sirl

ll0l cnanging lne sDeltin4 al a

r::::t-/b tishtly in

The lady b€at her son

@ PNI Neuon (N4) Sdn- Bhd.(554690 H)

 MEMoEy MAsrEny rHR@qr-ri;;;F;ii;iEi:i;; ;;

xim ro cor ege ndt month.

A iscoiie
-

sh6r write a rettei.

. Ir sh6ll I shafi be writing a letter. r shal have writt€n a retter,
l:''-"rd- Examples:
;o " .;)@
i;ifr:, ;;:::::*". .\Tarsmry[mN$t_ s- ii"11,* i"";ir,';,
ffis***...,i*"h<l
rrEl0rllr(amumms
TH.:yt"" - rmrwwmrmrtus

*ffi // ##fi;lln;a // *l+ffi*

q He will play. He will be Dlavins-
g He will have Dtaved.
tb They will run.
We shalt bi c6mine-
I shall be cookinE - We shalt have c;me.
I shall have cooked.
They will be runni-ns. They will have run.
rit The baby witt steeo.
The baby witt be ste"eDing.
o She will dance. She will be dancinc - The baby witt have steot.
d The teacher w;ttwrite. She wlll have danced.'
The teacher witt be"writins-
o We shall be swimminc
_ The teacher wi
have wrttre
0 She will wait. She will be waitinE. " We shall have swum-
She will have waited-
o He wittfight. He wilt be fightine:
d She willteach. He will have fouehr.
She will be teachtne. She wlll have ta;eht.
b She willcry.
Hewilldrink.
She wlll be crviDs. - She will ftave crtez.
b He will be dri;ki;s.
0 lshall pay. "
I sfiall be oavlns.
-gofig,
He wlll have drunk.
I shall have oaid,
B They will go. Tley wttt 6e They wlll haie gone.

Io IThey will have si

shall practised They will ftave sune.
Dt-,
it I shall practise pta;ine foorba[.
we shatl be writi ari esiav- We slatt te wriiine an-eisav.
0 She will have crvins.
Io The same will ba slarre.l she will have cried.
Thc game will b€ startine-
it I shall be cau8ht rhe butterftv: They will go.
o I shall ate- I shall be catcftins the bufte
,0 We shall have swim. I shall eat.
We shall have swum.
o She will have bouahi the toy.
pNrNeunn M sdi 8hd L554irco Hl
 MEMORY IIASTERY I||ROUGH iIII{D i/IAPS EI{GIISII GRAMIIAR

FT
M! fa$€rtold me to carefu y 2. ily talh€rtold n€ ro .bs
thercadcarcfulty. .\
ralk aet /3,lhe frB.rgfteu reru odercdro 3. Ine tirc lighreE were ordeEdto
put out r,ie lire b6Ftt
4r llo b pebuadin{ his talher to

\ 6. Lllytlid to storty mde her

TO - INFINITIVE
corr€ct to corre.t

colltinue to contin!e . Ile' used lhe mah entrance io enter thebu[dtn!_

' She usd salt to searon th. me,r
Can you show ne how to trse thc computer?
: lery was happy io g€r good rcrlts.
llv ' He promlsed to return myboo[.
gather to gather
invite to invite know rtat
nappened ln the
We exerche in ordertostayheanit

pay to pay .
We worl to acquhe erledence. .ti
quench to qu€rch We studyceographyto
mdelstand aboul people . 0oyouhaveanythirgto
. lt ls tlne to go for tunch.
rcllglons and culturcs. . All ordercd her son to stop the

. lattenda cookingctassto tearn lhe

ffi
. Candyisteachingthe chitdrcn to draw

. laD sure the chlldrcn most haye many

, The corect way t0 greet y0ur

ftlendal nlght ls to say,c0od
' wilhout 'to' and aft€r
rmay',
'rrust', 'should', 'will', js no peopte to tatkwtth.
Ihee
. ficre ls a tree for you to stand
The chlldrcn nusr be asteep by9
. S.m should be hone soon, . lhis
. She wrll be sartht ,t the bed isconlortabte to steepon,
. Doyou have anythtngto rarkabout?
. Ihls hoose ls for hts ch dren to tive in,
verbs 'make' and 'let ol perce?tions . luyshternas manytoys to playwtth.
. Whal lnfomatlon do you need
e.g. felt, yalch, see, hear,
Shewastoo iltto ahend
. felt tie hertfrcmrhe oven.
She
. Amyrhlspered a secretto Hana.
. rne cookies snell good. - story. Siti istoosorded to presenr
in front of the ctass.
hc.
. He heard the news from a fiend- lam unwillhgro move tron this ho$€.
Ihe dd ls too erclted to meeltteafkr.
r lt ls qulle dlfitcutt to sra d the prclect.
r I an glad to h€ar your votcs ag.tn.

o PNr Neum (M) sdi. Btrd. (5546e0-H)

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f)
= =:#::
OPN Neurcn(Mlsdn ehd.1554690

It is lsed after modat verbs
'nay', 'm!st', rshouldt, .witt',
t AlinaydrinL the juice in rhe
i!&
patient nust rest in bed-
'.The
t Puan Sili will Ietch the
. feel','whisper','observe',,hear',
'crawl', 'watch', 'hear'. .see, Es . Thc cuard made the robbers
E.c . Eliza felt her teardrops ro kreel on th€ grcund.
. Tfte lawyer made the ctient stsn
! We saw the larmer harvesi
. Let them come to the Darty.
. . The hother let her son *a3h
The teachers observe thc
pupils conlplete their

. lnfinitives are used with the worq! lglin tronr ot them. They do not rak€
i past, presnt nd tuture
O They planned to
torm. Gxamp6l
for a rrip tasi mdii.l
so
(l, The chairman asked rhe members to anend rhe
meerina on rime.
. some v€rbs are to!!9!G!L!y,the intinitives bur withour the word ,ro,
ih front of rhem. lExamDtesl
O Please let the car;;.
0 can vou trelp me citlrhis studenr nos?
-
There are two kinds oI infinirives:
iij the bare infinitive lbl the ro-infinirive-

TEE ADIECTI
THAT EXPRESS

prepare, decide, hope,

happy lo know that they
inlorn your parents ot the are going to slnway
Lagoon ihis Saturday,
. Alirclused to go hom€ . Parveen was atraid to
tell her mother that 3he
had failed in her test,
. Tina was annoyed to
. The boys had to watk . Can you show the maid
lor days in the iunsle.
. how to bake piza?
Father h.s cone to . Do you know how to
. I went to b{y sonle
. Pleas€ rell ne which
rcad lo tak€ to th€

AFTER TI{E MODALS

OUGHT'AND'USED'

. Zain.ni and Arhrani

. To donaie generoGty . The salesn.n is here
to 3ell some utensil3.
. lo excel in life is ny . The po3than went to
. I decided to go home
early aB it becan to
punctual to school- are to sin8 a duet at
. You ought ro be honest
r Liza is to attend tuirion
. Azhar and I Ged ro be
. lGvita has to visit the
. Zaheer and cracey
Th€ yatchnran has to
 MFMoRy MAsrERy rHRoucH M,xD MAps E,rcL,sH GRAMMAR '". f r- ,"i*.; 'j
Read the story below. See how the possessivcs are uscd n the story.

'-a - r.:a

N,n,l \ hr.lh.rr rs \Lr'\ .i1 .l 10 On. drt \lril..\.rt.ic\tr\ rr Thc nc\t y, N ruls c.l $.r'
uirrrlr. ]1. i{ rls N\ s hLr tlfg llrc linnlt s lirirr! r.orr . rltt rh\nig ncd .r .i\ct. S!dlerllr.
h.ri{1 rlrr fr\\ ol lru:ui. brirr! (hc crl nrncll diggirrg th. gtouftl

Ilo{h \!rulrfd KLrnrrri\.r. \\'hcn Nurul s trrothcr lbunrl llc root thc ert 1o . h.l(l hofing
sulf|isel th.t lrcr crr hr(llirund our rtroul the hcrsurc. fic \rs l,) lind l!.rsur. lhc cNl dug t)
rhc lLcrs!rc I hc r'clsLrc \ r\ i.rlouj $lstc li)i h .r bccrus. hc \Ns r

I I:xrrnflc.i r l'].sses\ilc Nouf (Snigu]lr N.un) I Eumple ol.llssessi\e l\orout

2 Lr rfle ol.l'oscsNc,\dlccll\c

[f,trirzfinql

-a\
pcrson.raf.r m. to sr.u
.wnersh F o. r€laiionsh p

Rashid's bi.yc e.lrre b.y s

A passessi!e prcnoun La
My Arandmotheas umbrela.
the p ace ol6 Dossessve
rn.,-.r. * r*r, Itl ,
"",,"d.t4
NULES FOR USIIIG POSSESSIVES
 MEIIIORY MASTERY IHNOUGH MIND ItrA-';iGiEi GNAMIA;
__13!!9a99!!!!!!!E!9uN5,'Roxouis Ar{D aD.'EcrryEs

For plural nouns add the

For singular ouns add the aDostroDh€ apostrophe (') after the .s'.
{l befor€ the ,s'. E.s. E.g.
@This watch betongs to Zeenat. O These bass betong ro ihe eirts.
This is Zeenat's war.h- Thes€ are ihe girts' bags.
OHave you seen the rafite The birds haye buitd rheir nests
to the baby? on this tree.
The birds' nests are on this

For plural nours that do not end in .sr.

add the apostrophe tottowed
€) The dresses thal b€tone to those
women are sewfl by tftis taitor.
Those women's dresses are
se$n by this taitor.
0 The toys that betone ro the chitdr€n
ar€ in the cupboard.
Th€ children's toys are in the
.s'. For names ending wftrr .s'. aaalhi
by E.s. apostrophe after the .s'.
e.g
@ These plants betons io Nichotas.
These are l{ichotas' ptants.
(D The paintinss that betons ro Thomas
are worth a million rineFit.
Thomas' paintings are worth a mi ion
ringsit.

The Doy'! cat causht a mouse.

These children's shirt. we.e a[ lousht by h€r aurr.
8ov Boy's Boys' The lawyers'coaas are very cte.n.
Pupil Pupil's Pupils' The €lephant's trrnk is causht in a hote.
M@t oI the pupils'parents came to th€ meeting.
Elephant Elephant's Elephanls' My lriend'. sister met with an accident.
chird Child's Cftildren's That ctild's nother works as a nlrse_
F €nd Friend's lroys' lather w€nt for swimming.

A Possessive Adjecti Possessive Pronoun does not need the 's io show ownership.

That is my car, mine That file is mine.

She is coming to our horse
Those books are orrs,
his This is his bicycle. his This bag is his. \--\_
hel She lost her key.
its The dog wags its tait. The cake is hers.
She has done her work we This doll is yours.
-tfieir
They went out with their
iheirs Those oens aro thehs.

115 @ PNI Neron (rM) Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H)

 MEMORY MASTERY TI{ROUGI{ MIND MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR

There are lour types ol sentences:

* I sentence is a group ot words which *
consist of a subject and a verb.
Examples: qpt5 -"
. rhe child is cryina. , i r?,:;'
. Tfte boy is cryins. ,Jl
. The plat€ is clean. ' E^
. --*-'*
Mother is eoing to the market.
*^

lnlerrogolive Senlence lmperolive Senlence

. A sentence that asks a A sentence that gives an order or
question. makes a request.
' The question mark (?l Sometimes an exclamation mark (!) is
will be used: used. Examples:
Examples: Keep quietl Come in!
. l/Yho are you? Please switch Get out!
. When are you coming? on the lan! Please help
. Do you have a pen? Go away! me!

Declorolive Senlen.e Exalomolory Senlenae

. A sentence that makes a . A sentence that makes an
statement, exclamation.
. States something about a . The exclamation mark (!) is used"
person or a thing.
Examples:
Examples: . Watch out!
. Shc is yearing a red hat, . Be careful!
. That book is thick. What a lovely picture!
. They are my lriends. The movie was excitingl
. A mammal gives birth to its
I can'l believe my eyes!
young.
. Joshua has many stamps What a beautitul doll!
Tomorrow's a holiday!
trom England.
,e rdenr t wharherrhe forrdrnE e6nt€[€
rs n rerrcean ve. moe r.nve. d€cl€ ralli.i
' :1.'.]

. A simple sentence has one subicct and . A compound sentence has lwo or more
simple sentences.
' lt explains only one idea. . Has two separate and compleie ideas that
Examples: are ioined tosether by a conlunction to
. The little sirl is dancins. became one sentence.
. They are goinC to th€ library. . Examples ol conjunctions are'and','buti
. Ah Chons rides a motorbike.
. The blackboard is dirty. Examples:
. The baby is cryins. . She is the director and you are the actor.
. She likes to read storybooks, . She is the dire.tor ' l<t idea
. Mrs Raju cooked chicken curry ycsterday. . 2nd idea with
. tu Lin is washing the dishes. '
You are the actor
. Annie is drawing.
oPN Neu.oi (Ml sdi. Bhd 155a6eon)
lsr $ : ie*T*mEEr'*"mr*,*,*D *ri4b/$&:,,h_9:l /nef, € fr$r--'- ;"r

A simple senience consists ot two

main parts; lhe subiect and the & *""**' rck (3) to th€ coiied answe.
predicale. 1 Fora *nren.eto becofr ptete,
i r:nlrmr;sr
al rhebrac[boardkd k
Or rn"e 10 srbject and PEdicar€
't","-..t*.i
rar l:tTit!1Ti?5ir
r'crrcre
'"
*bj-r of rh*e
aa rhefurs Fu sn a€
. lhe subiect may be a person. . The predicate tatks about the
O Duians have sro.s
an animal or a thing- subject.
a

. The subject is the main tocus Etample:

of the sentence-

Example:
t sent€nm wlich appo.h tn th.
@t Subjecr: Jian lhrigrhat we spear about. rt

1 fte 16r or rhe senienc* rhat

subiect predicate
is watering the plants. 15 what re s6y abour subjec.
Ihls!.dot$nbnce13€led
Srbiect The doll
Predicate: has long hair
predicate

The plate is clean,

Q2) My sister is sick.
Abu will sweep the floor. mr nalu's
Qs,) car broke down.
Sheila sweeps the lloor_
2.4 | was late tor the movie.
The books are on the desk,
@$ meena is very beautilut.
Susan washed her clothes.
I gave them some presenls, !_ti] ttassan is a poor farmer-
Qf rtre lag is under the tabte.
He brought some flowers for
my mother. p!; The baby is hungry.
The pupils arrived at 8.OOp.m. E-9 Mv trottrer drove his new car.
Daniel has just lelt the house. 6-d, The girl has long hair.
lavourite {ood is rojak. irg rle aog barked loudly.
Ati enjoyed reading the book. (41 rhey went lor extra class.
Mrs Ng is good at maths.
Qil we went for shopping.
I walk lo school. a14r c€etha
ghe loves animals. i:s,i m, ui has a big bungatow.
He missed his school bus, j) Kamata
r,3.
is bathing,
We are going to the tibrary,
lsi sr'" paid her school lees.
They came by car.
lather €9, The Sultan had a brilliant idea.
My is a mechanic.
Sheila baked a cake.
6J I gave them li{ty ringgil.
(i9) She washed her shoes.
ate lhe mouse.
The tarmer harvesled the crops. @a Ah Leng is reading a masazine_

o pNrNeurcn (Mt sdn Bhd ts546eo Bl

 MASTERYTHROUGH MIND MAPS ENGTI5H GRAMMA; "*
j

lA ,.//rhe 3ubiect a]try;t

A se.tence usually has two maln parts: 'E\rrr!/:i.
)/ /.'. Nurul
usually cones belore the object.
(i)a subject{whatthe sentence is about) catr speal Enslish lluentty.
. Can speak Enslish tlu€ntly Nur!1. L!
V
(ii) a predicate Che part of the sentence
which gives infomation aboutthe sublect)
' rh€ blackboard is dirrv" M
. ls.lirty th€ btackboard. E
L subiect . I must be at hone by two o'clock. V
llv.
is the capltal of lUalavsia.
. Must b€ at home by two o'clock t. It
liltes to playlheguitai . Sheila is readins a storybook. M
book is sheila. E
The €l/
Ihe predlcate may also codain an
6bject, a cgrlemento? an adeerblar.Iie oblel
cotr tefcnt cones immedlately after the verb.
/ /L''-tt". (r' Mv brother drives the car
ntain at least om linite ///,/
verb thar ends in rins'or has // ,/ (ii)we are classmares.
before it is a non-fitrito verb,
! "-"",
f/* r,;:,0 *;LI,,, n;;'"" "",,"*z
l(suchrsaftertiev€lb,obiectorcomltemenl /
(i) !9 tas collected stamps since
1l€dogba*ing. a rnedogisbarking. M. tuttict abEd tcd,:

I Ihey to go swlnming.
EI

I
ourhomewod(. M
Sle qI,6 e:!::the!Iidej

swimming. g a) DiEcrobject snedinsftici@iarreadjotomh!

Indirect 0bject benerbilmhe adjon m dred
#3mr1r0 '!d

FI't-]- iluuiJirul Ihe lndlreft object com€s after the drrect obtect /
lf it ir,fn a Dr.Dositional Dhrase , /
JILjJ-jjll Xillj
M_l
H
tir]iuxalii (ii)Jason returned his best fricn.l
subj{t rcb
&amples of s€rtencesj

1. Birds flv. lell into the water.

2. Fish showed him a silver axe,
3.Ihe prpil reads a book. will give you the gold aft and
4.Ihecat caught a mouse.
5. Henry openedthedoor. 4.Ao old gentleman was walking along the strcet. l
6.lMargaret 5. A boy had left some dry wood near
went into the chemist's. thefire.
8.Ihechemist took the cork outofa botile. 6.Ihewood caughtfire.
9.Thecork waslnthebottle. ZThecbildren bought a lot of toys.
10. A poorwoodcotter S.Thepupils are playing football. ,
9. llly aunt is sewingcutains..

l.Iheshopkeeper sellsbicycles. 1.She went into the shop.

2.The cat killed a rat. 2. Ming sat at the baclofthe class.
3. Mydog is barkingin front of my iouse. 3.Thcgardener is watering the plants.
4. Tte rain has stopped now. 4. My moth€r willfeed the hens.
5. Agiantsized flan is eating at lhe restaurant. 5.lhe old man walked slowly out ofthe house,
6.Thisflower isinthegarden. 6. May answered all the questiqns.
7. He has lost his knife. Z The glrl sells butler, sullar and tea.
8, lllary can sing. 8. llly father pald a visit to Beirut.
9. Shi ey 9.Ihe hen laid an egg.
10. Myuncle rvant€d to boy a ,arm. l0.Theirees have lost all theirleaves.

6PNrNsreilM)sdn. 8hd.15546e0-H) ua
 "'M""' 1t; l!*', IHl,gll"Ei,if ip"ls,i.."il+.,i:Lg- "*;
the left are positive staiements.
the right are nesative stat€m€rrs
A statGment with not is caled a nesative statement.

/!-!C
thirsty.

jr.n. gi,r, 3.Thegirls

arctall.
/;'' / wttt,

F/ \"*.
\i';.\
t!
f /r ; iii
-f
i ..i ( !
Mi \i
l1E i ! sl E
,l !iM :.'t"r
*i:rFlr
!i;"-l *
l r
-!
!t @ ; I
.|: ;:t.; -q
rih4.
r =,"
)-, !l r .rr/ i!i il{;/d-i
f-ij;i"'g
ai >;t ;
/.F s'lJ"ir
'a /:" f/
,;rilr": \ e i--l r / E=si
i"dr"/.-t-j;
'\ .- ?\.\9-tlp l.F Fr i*-.f/-'V rs/e"V
'/ E- /
'%\q1
's\t i\^ I -3 i/i "-'

&* %M l?/
5.riere s trorci rood ror rhe pany
'*&
? frd, srrourd bs
Llirft hseme trinyejdda.
cner ro aninals
ta "i 'p;1#
r"r/""t,
;fr%::f,

tftl,"a/l
Ih6y kllow abod
thc extra class.

Dotheyknowabout
th€ exha clas?
ra
et
sublect
aE^_t I Yes, they
ine can go to the party. l{o, they
Yusri bathing?
Thegi s boughta
bungalow. Can Pauline go to the party?

Have the ghls bought Does itrainoften here?

ct I{o.shecan't.
Yes, it
lffid-l
Tomorrcwwillbe a oubtic hotidav. jtdoesn't.
laM- No,

Willtomorrow be a pubtic hotiday? Fl3,:'i1]

Yes,ltvrill. udly

ogbarl
I0nilN0 Yns / N0
QUISIII)NS Do. c r*d bero'e a, you, {rq
'.,
Do* is 66n beft6 re,, shd and ir.
Dld ls u*d befoE a,,rou

!19 @PN Nsroi (M)sdi Bhd.(5546e0 H)

 iIEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MII{D MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR
"Ww-$H
O Positive Statgnentierpress that som

;;'-{u"'il*-tt'tffiff")ffi
Erarnpl": (i)
(ii)
I will not attend the neetingthis
The man who is standins there is not my
week.
lathcr.
cil-re rne msirire r*emmrro
neeaaive staiement. unde nerho
When changing lrom positive statements to negative corectanswer'
nglithe
statements. we add 'not'to :+
it. ' There ls som€th

9.91! Tel!'.'l:l:.1.":r
1'fte'eseiougxfdodlo'thepany
anyrhrng rn the crpboad.
When changing
-@positive-=l:.r-
from statements
to negative statements, we may
have to make some changes. Look at
the table.
Examples:

{' rh;os i3 in rhe ihe .tos is not i;ihe f2 rhitger ts ctrasing-rhe tiser is noi
kennel. kennel. (nesative) . its pr€y. chasing its prey.
The lat boy likes The fat boy does not like O Flora shorld paint Flora should not paint
vegeaables. vesetabl€s. th€ t€nce. the tence.
€f Linda can sins Linda cannot sins very Mumtaz knows the Mnmtaz does not
very well. well, way to my house. the way to mY house.
Ther€ was some There was no haze W€ can €at in the We.annot eat in the
haz€yBterday. yesterday. library. library,
went to school. Rani did not so to sch They car dance They cannot dance
The doctor has Thc do.lor h;s nof well. well.
ebmined his er.'nined his There is some lood Tler€ isn t any
eft on the table. left on the tab

In negative state ntractions o{ the verbs mdv be used. Examp

---'-- .
,_.,\ .o "---.
7(eve-not
aren.r \ed-"*"""."' / 76as not
wonr :lilf,'"fii::H* S' werenot
I would not -
\ should not -
yer)mirr. \coutd not -

Various ways to Iorm add Jrol to modals (can, coukl.

will. aould, rhall, should)
negative statements. hav€ emc brcad with rou.
€,s. lmran can run vervrast,
You do not hav. any bread

;- Dlur.lnouns
There.re 3ome apple3 ln the Th. children h.ve *arched
./ Aimrd d.6llke bursen atur
thcre arc no apples in the
I #si.l1:.:Tlli*:1:
Nf0ailv$ $TAlnilnilil
O PNlNeuron (M)sdn. Bhd. (554600i-Hi
7
t
I tt - 'E a. mim-onvr3:masreav rxRoucH MIND mAps ENGLrsx cnlmmrn-
l- i ..r- !+_roPrc PosrlvEAND NFcAflvE quEsTloNs AND REspoNs.s

,]D
changethelolowing posft !e seilences inro negar ve sefiences 1) Fehs donl have rolers 2l You r'.!entealen, ?
'Ihgy.anslnEveryWe[..Jr1tparcnishavogoielothemalkei'
-?

r-asge,aanrrd-,,'
,' F.;s:iii,t '
'--"_:':'.
A po:itive
Responses r'\
que.lio starl\
-_:-,/ \\ / Ve
. /When sivine a .
.iih ; ;;.t;;;. ,; / D."iii;.;;";,.". \ befor€ rhe subiecrbe. pur the verb .to
.
. wirh ,have.
pur the verb.ro have.
po5itive
lo5itive torm.
lorm. ;5 // se begin
beein rwiih the
I Yu3ri is bathins
I Ir rhar vour car? i1 // woa ve...
sord 'Yes' - b€fore the subject
i iirJ""iirii.i: il l1 Yes, c.r. {statehentl
that is my r-heairls h-ave a bunsarN.

:'":.i:iliil+-' "r" l" n"i,l,*1""i'::"*o\,' l;""$1::i'n'*'',, I l'"'i:il:

ii'ii"t;,"t''""' ::" tlii:ilf*7 ili''l''""41r^"r*., 4,,,rrii,tt="."""'"-"

Neealive Ouestioni.,, i
\ \ J,iii'"i11*'7
- ./ i _ i:*" ,\ / verb.,odo'
Put the modals \ \ // ; lyitffio: doe3 and did
Detore the subject
questlon Neqarive , \ / 1r rhd hnos about the enra ctds3.
co t/\/'
Aiesative
with;a verbvn
yerb in ::
::, Jl'::"" --:-'-*"
/ /, :.do ' Paurine Qn
iI //
. uo
rts with
:.arG mey
!!ev xnow about rne
lnow aoour ihe enra
party.exha ccra3s?
rorm.\
necativ€ tdrm \
j n€aarivG i'l t{erponses.,
Responses / Yes.tieydo. to the party.
jd
\1
tsn't ttrar yorr \ wt""-EfiiiFffi nye
i: 'c.n Paurine
"'- tothe so / /" o thevdln
partv? - l /
t ,.
bicv.r.i \ t;;a;;;:;"";;; rr rains orten herP
Didnt Muthu invir.l E ${ri rhe wd.d.N;.
*'**
Ye., she can. il I

,/ \
.Doesitr.inonenheE?
*
rast / 7l
Iilii'.Xxxi;-
fi.leiff'"i:"JX:l'l
rom scnoor
il::;,;:l;",,,",." .rne doB baaed roudry?
l; Deeoavati. ,/ /
mc tor
illill*"o*"./ ;t
/ t
; ll*.u:11".
jr 4
forher.dmnnrar
late I/.ngryq;", 9,,if0.,"01"*.og
No. she wasn
\ --wrii,o N
t "VEs' q& "tqD\
A.rEsltlxt{Ns
Yes, lt did.
No.ttdtdnt.
"1"."r?
t
5 Didntell /
/
you
'-' lt ;i;;
4i
"-'- \
then the ./ E i
-trfih? ta t //

\ IP
i\lo
lls
Jll
'lrlr
,'{
E
l"l
IUJ /la
IEJ JU
JsY IE
iTf itl!
loI 6l
lNl '
lsl ryl
OV
NI
:l
-d'
Irl tul
"l' *l
s l/.@
El EI
PY,(1"""* sl
ot Pl Z'Oidn"t you
o
s lf
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s a
@ PNI emon ([4) Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H)
 ME OiY MAS'ERY TIIROUGH MIND MAPS EIIGLISII GRAMMAR

+'ri'
tags car he used with is49rys!
Dositive stat€ments.
'The ve.b to be 0r toharc,in lhequ".rion rue.)tr
Delhe rcgative fo,m ofihe sam€!e'b in the lralem.n
26.*:':ffi:d*6;
@' l) She isyourfri€nd, is.rshe?
ii)The exam hasrarted. hasn tit?
Itrequeslloi lagwithlhe&gattve tomoltheve6,to do,
l*l;.li*i*t"t'xt;":;
stagrc€wrtlrlhesobjectand rhevelb in ueslatem€nr

l) He goestoschoot bybus, doesnthe?

She lookssobeautitut, doesn tshe?
i*'si"i::"*#d
E
eEnDle, we lse don't', c TAGS
QuESrloN
@D D
They like to play badminton. don,r
o Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
liketo playbad'n ntor, do not Rs Simple Future Tense
There, They
pronours of the que3tion u
tags mu3t agrce wilh the c You are ten years otd, ;ren,ttou?
ln the statcm€nt.
&Bnanisyou.to$er,isn,the? I Ivly father is in the orchard shed, tsn't
Those books are new, arcn't they?
M N Ahhah is quite prctty,lsn tshe? Simple Past Tense
Bdan isrlurbrcth€r, isn tBnan? E G You have a sister, haven't
That is myumbrelta, tsn't
It vas a hot day yesteday,
Shqib is your ctassmate, isnrshe? Vl
i$ }!rr clasDate, isnlsheita? 0 You me! your
. ne
coushs, dtdn'tyou?
bors {erc late, weEn't theF
U . You and your famllywent out
B yesteday, dldn'tyou?
g . Aler lostthe g.ne, didn'the?
.
T Melllsa was absent yesteday, sasn't

*Ssk; I
o Simple Future
't . Mary Yns sreetng, wasn't she?
Ite dass was
rtement, the statement \
brcken. wasn't iO
n be turned into a questioD. N tanlce vas at nome, wasn'l she?

stadium,won'tyou?
.
lhey hav€ se€n it, haven't they?: T Shewillhelp us, won'tshe?
. There rvillbe a show, won'ttherc?
A They will llsten to you, won't they?
There, They
G She will come tomorrow, won'tshe?

I 0ur frieids wlll ioin us, won't they?

. He lNlllgo to Penangnextnonrh,
. 'AJon't' is used to
r€plac€ 'am not' to form We shallgo ahead. shan'twe?
quc.llon tags bec.u.e . s\dywillteave nerr weet, Therc are nany nnbutan
therc ls.o 3hort torm tor
.
---l i
' lley show o yon, don,trhey?
There aren t any oeoDlc left. are there?
@ ' lllleto oatdurransvery much but thev ae ven
Iam h thecompetition, r@n ? dear, aEn'tthef
. ftereserclotsolbananasonuartree, weren,t

. Thereslllbe a crcwd, won,ttherc?

. Ihensirlb€ a p6cttce, won'ttherc?
\Fl . ll1e bool(s rlrt be cheaper
thatilme, won,tthey?

o PM euni (M) sdr. Btrd. (s546e0-H)

ttrur
 MEMoRy MAsrERy r-HRot_aiirl; mr$i[cuix im-m-nmi -
roPrc rs I outs oN rAcs ii
IQUESTIoN TAGS: euestion tags are used at the er]d of sentences to form questions.

The building is very ta .

.The teapot is hot, isn't it? .She is a beautifulgirl,
.The phone is rjnging, isn't i isn't she?
.The dog is chasingthe .The boy is quite dirty, isn't he?
isn't it? . Jim is sleeping now, isn't
he?
.The plant is growing well, .The o d lady is sitting on her
':t isn't it? rockifg chair, isn't she?
. The diamond is expe .That teacher is very good wtth

ffi
A
isn't it?

.They are swimming in the

children, isn't she?

pool, aren't lhey?
' .The students are eatingatthe
cafe, aren'l they?
.The polce are chasingthe robbers,
aren't they?
\ .The puppiesare hiding under
the table, aren't they?
CAN'T
.The picture can be hungthe
can't it?
i . You can help me, can't you?
. . She can swim without floats,
can't she?
. .Tom can playtennis, can't he
q;*;;;;;;:ffi"i
\.The computer can be used ,

Eot{Tl 4
.The teacher will be in class today,
won't she?
.They will watch the footba ma
won't they?
. The girls will be waiting by the
main door, won't they?
SHOULDN'T
. Sa n'r
should keep his
clean, shouldn't he?
.Theyshould finish their work
before p aying, shouldn't they?
.The Jlets should be taken for
Walks, shouldn't they?
.We should take this
ad. shouldn'l
. N,4uthu likes eating bafanas,
doesn't
. The baby sucks on her
thumb_ doesn't
she?
. He enjoys readinA novels, doesn't he
.That policeman directs traffic n-^a
the schooi, doesn't he?
. Mimi has taken the book,
she?
.The car has broken down. hasn't it?
.Sara has paid the bill. hasn't she?
.The little boy has drunk some
milk, hasn't he?
.lt has started to rain,

.She managed to buy the tickets, didl

she?
.You brought my ball back, didn't
.They locked the door before teaving,
t didn't they? J
. He climbed the mountain, 1:".:t' ,<>
*<d -&rd
t23
JHf r PN NPU, r M sLrr Bhd r5r1b9oH)
 *.7
Questron tags car) be positive or negative.

4*^*,, ,4

lacs'rl:ri:i,i:,iil;tiHi:rii*""":.,

quEgtroN

NEGATIVE QUESTION
POSITIVE STATEMENTS
TAGS

2 Ani p/.ts the prano ever!.lay, doestf,tshe?

I He hnows the ans\4er to the quest on sle tn" *+ t" fiF ,brary, doesn
2 Anf plays the p afo every day_ :""". r
3 She knows the way to the tibrary.
I /
)4 t was raining heavity lasi night, wasn,t ir?
4 lt was rainlng heavtiy tast fight.
,5 Alshah won the iirst prize, didn,tshe?
5 Aishah won the first prtze. He can hetp
6 He can help her to carrythe books,
/ herto carry the books,

7 We have met before. /, i We have met before, haven t we?

8 She has a white handbag E She has a white handbag, hasf,t

J_ MEMo* rE,

I
ouEsfloN

NEGATIVE QUESTION
POSITIVE STATEMENTS TAGS

playing fow, aren trhef

2 Hespeaks English we i, doesnt he?
l They are ptatrnC now
:l She car dnve a car, can t she?
2 He speaks English we .
.1The studeits were n the i)a]l,
.-_ 3 She can drive a car. werer.r t
they?
4 The students were in the ha|.
5 W. must srudy hard iorthe
5 We muststudy hard for the examjnation.
exam natron. musf t we?
6You can do the work by yoursetf. ! YoLrca| cio the work byyo!rse t, can
7 Your mother is very strict.
SThe teachers are havinga meeti i Your mother is very srrict, s|.1she?7
. rr':r-j-Trir The tedcher! are h.vrnB a meeti
lna@e bP :c
c6hl},{Jluai.qhi.

cPr NeL[il rsdn Bid 15516e.H] 124

a7

k:: F" :{-Y:"1_*r"gUg,Ull^.**"'""- 64*ffitt$

TAES .sh.ha$iw]l[rblby-?-

QUESTION
POSITIVE
NEGATI QUESTION TAGS
SIATEMENTS

iHe doesn t know ltte way to ihe shop. does

1 He doesn't know the way the shop.
2 Tom doesn't play badmjnton. l2 TomdoFsf tpldJ badrnrnton..toes he?
3 She doesn't want to go to the park. o*'n t *o* to ro to thF pa,h, .roes
4 Kay doesn't enjoy cooking curry. /.f.tf"
4 Kay doesn't enloy cook ng cLrrry. ctoes
5 lt wasn't raining tast night.
5 t wasn t raining last night, was t?
6 Ali wasn't feeting weil last week. L A r wasn t fee/ fB we i ast week,
7 The boy wasn't pJaying in his
room 7 The boywasf t playing if h s room,

Putaq!*iioihgdrtr.eidorcadsakm4t.

QUEgilOit rAos
POSITtVE
NEGATIVE qUESTTON TAGS
STATEMENTS

efny isn ibrlngngthe batoons forihe

llenfy isn t bringingthe ba bons for the party
Party, is shet
2 They didn t enloy the movie tast night.
2 They didnt enjoythe movie ast night,
3 Shlrley hasn'r got a dog.
did they?
4 They haven't got a car.
3 Shir/ey hasf'tgot a dog, has she?
5 The boys hacln t gone_
4 They haven't got a car, have they?
6 He can't swim. 5 The boys hadn't gone, had theJ4
7 We musn tgo to that la : 6 He can t swim, can he?
1 lihars rie dfiseme rreseei a posirre
I You shouldn t payth 7 We musn'tgo to that lake. must
biti SIou shouldnt pay the bilt, sho

3 Shbbo tu s rd mri be fot ove,r wh€n

t25
 EMORY MASTERY THROUGH
: Active voice is used when
the action is done by ihe
subiect in the sentence.
Example: The dos cha3ed rhe
: Pa.sive voie u$d when rhc
iE
acllon ls done to the subist in
ExaDpl.: The naushty hoF wero
Study ihe tollowing examples and note how the verbs are changed lrom the active to the
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
2 The car is driven
, ql Bala cleans the
cleaned by Bala.
, 4 They make the 4 The decisions are
slv€n by a dostman.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
i .*, she has picked 1 The rubbish has b€en
, Ai My mother has 2 The floor has been
: swept the floor. swept by my mother.
i I The children has 3 The movie has be€n
i se€n the movie. 4 seen by the children.
The car has been
I washed the car. washed by Gerald.
: 5 hathy has broken 5 The vase has been
brok€n by Kathy.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
I Sfte ras baking 1 Tfte cake was beins
2 l*8 3he *wina 2 vvas the dress beins
3 The cat was being
chasins thc cat,
chased by the dog.
4 The larm was beins
denina the lam cleared by lhe larmer,
S Sbs he ratchins s Was the rV being
watched by him?
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
He will boy the
4t
irshe willtell the ? lThe stoly will be
*:. rhey will ioin !, The cade will be
,rhe book will be
tl I will sive the 4
5, The others will be
informed by Abu.
IIIIID MAPS CI{GUIII GMMMAR
The cat ate the mouse. The mouse was eaten
Mrs Nathan baked a A lruit cake was baked
Alan clear€d the table. The table was cleaned
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENsE
Active Prssive
1 She is washing the OThe plate is beins
{9 rhe roonis being
cleanira the room. cleaned bv mv mother.
3 ls he reading the O ts ttre uoot uiine reaa
4 The sirl is writing tb dletter is beins wrirten
t ri'" ou.iun i" u.ine
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Actlve Passive
1 They painted the 1 The house was
house, painted by them.
2 Siti save Ali a per. 2 A Den was siven to Ali
by Sili.
3 Sister baked the 3 The c6ke was baked
cake. by sister,
4 Tte sirls causht 4 The rabbit was caught
ihe rabbit. lry the sirls.
5 she made th€ 5 The prety dolls were
pretty dolls. made by her.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
i, she had taken the i The bas had been
2 He had bouahl the 2r The car hrd bean
3 The shoe had been
taken by somebody.
4: A s.ake had biten 4 The girl had beeh
the girl. bitten by a snake,
5 The thiel had taken 5 The money had been
laken by the rhiet,
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
By today, they will have I By loday, the homework *ill
finisted their home have been linish€d by thGm.
2 The Ebbit will have been
2 He will have boughr the bouaht by him in a week'g
rabbit in a week's time.
3 By tomo oE th€ coach '3 By tomorrcw, rhe loolball
will have selected the team will have ben selectcd
The management will 4 Ihe pay will have been
have increased rhe pay in@s€d by the managernent
in a month's time.
 change tie tor orii g snle mes

Mib'orherddetrisne*Bi { )

() 1, Th€ Active Voice is to

by placing an ernphasis on
l. The Active Voice is used when
ihe subject in a sentence.
we emphasize lhe subiect ol a
2. This is dore by beginning
sentence, i,e. ihe doer.
senlence \ryilh a subjecl.
2. Tfie subjecl or the doer is @
mentioned or known in the Sheena wrote . letler tast night.

peformed a play on the stage.

Asentence whi.h beFins with the

To chaige irom lne Active Voice lo the passive Voice oivie,vee,
1X]i onenPedslo hnowr\P j
tfilyii moll/mok

yDllir
wA/were.dokiig vas / ver being.ooked
his/h e.ooked h:s/i ebcs mored

tumde, p€srren.J ;b itt--;," rn" w .

I* ,w,ineii
bovi mne d;'ii .ini
, --_-
1l lrj !\i))J\ll,lD|)it, r$
_irl'ieniha
iic itehr*hhh"
ia) do id.h:rge rhc mezn ngoi

Uses ol ih6
(b) do nol re e y epc ol
Passive voice
:1llll'- - of the passive Voice

r' gvprachg rheverb to

.";i.;;;;;;": .;i;;;' zi
'. -;" , be hto rhe same tense asrhe
Active velb and addhB rhe pa;t
,'@ tr -__.
3r, .n'" -,ljilll''li.-
-IIrruuuh5rdvenDroeenaranteo.
t"or' r'u* u"-g"a. FsF
""io""n I l"J pa*icipte ollhe Acrive verb
'.TlFa,Lo,i rorhqo^noiha.bee,,rorsor.r1.
i. The actioq is not known or has been t.rsoti.n lll usu.,,tyPds,n;voicpi\p,ncd;;;rhesod
@'rorwilbeBuidedrnrouehourrherour. ill ..b''$henthcasent^menrioned
.
rr'".Lb,e(r0rdnA.rnpvL.b\0,dbap.oprF Itrlll ql I ' My molte'plarted a rose. 4 r.€
- . r.,e ,

(4r.Iiemadissu\ppcr€do,\rdrdppilerhFchjtd. i, ,,;;;;;. ""..."

"a]iii,i"i
l.rhepasskeo,co;inuousienseisronnedbyaddtn8
lli
jv.whenwe.,emo,erDieresteorno,"o'"n."o"ittr,",lll me p*ii"ici,iti",ilii" iol.iiijii;;;;ili"
..,0nrh,,i,F',F'.nnqtrn.r-. ill f..rr,"s,y,,*,;;;r.;i;;,;;;;:..
";,...-
b".

@ .=e "oal'". l*. oo,g" ,by v, BenFdic) llf " r"" fr;r ir u""e
.

,-'."''"'.,'"n,"n.,"".".. ";.ij";
--;;:;;i;";,;X;;;;;;.;;;1;"0.,."".,'',",
ro,.rel L 'i;;;;,"",,,"",*
Fi. i,.Fnent..
*;-;i;.
.Tnor,"+n, E thal re.cnr. inp ddion F,nthFnassir'F,oice.tt
@ 'rhispesenrhasoeenopened rbyshamine)! I dle.l";_-i$"1,1"'"';'J",,1::l-*.
;:':r;;-;
rftrlil,l':{""rfl".,j:i'rf:Jt**"
.. @'shewasannoyed bysuzy. ,/ |
I
rh.lerlooe ldnoadi-.prpor{drnvFrb
I '
""""i"rj"",ri---
t 127
s:ti,#lti!,;ri!11:1,,,
oPNr N{mniM)sdn Bhd F546q0-H)
 Rrle 1 Rule 3 .

The tense of the ver

has to refrain the sa
Z U preposition when w6
with the subject in number wh chang€ a phrasal verb {verb +
preposition or verb + adverblfrom
ee chars€ a sentence trom the
active voice to th€ passive voi.e thc active voice lo the passive voice.
@ @&
. Sam u5ually sends lh€cartolhe wolkshop Some robbers brok. into the lrank last

/J.i€ r./.-., f€.cir re,srl

. The cartsusuallysentro rhe The bankw.s broken lasr nisht, tr
workshoD onc€ everytwD months lhe bank was broLen into |rst .g
R0le 2

the simple past tensc and

th€ siflple furure tense. Sometimes, a passivesenience does notconGin
to be'+ pasi oarticipte ot nain verb an agent (the pe6on thatdoesthe action).

Veds itr ll'e F$ive w @ ae lofled h thes mys I ourhousewas boken intowhilewewere on holiday.

znFrels+pa !:dcpeorwb ftefollowingarc some exanples of phtasalveds :

rl--

qaMplt,cslhs eMtuE: sehssEr Rule I wh€n we chanee a

pilrm tu s MrmE'n:nwftvh|d I /sere+bei4+padFdj.pr""r,"d .. *nr€nce in thc'i,i:Jl"iiiii iliiJ,*i"""* .:
. rerse to rhe passiv€ voice:
-'8" *"-* ---- dr*t toba +bein8+pasrpadcipleofmainEb

I/ GRA MAft R'JIfS |::;;-\

'--- "
'=al{"",,..b,*,'..,.A"dr,'
{a)Isb0$orhewdshasbcm:iiiheene, pqrinl-dlinloulletre kibsnB+pdtpanhiple l
'I/re
. she h ssmg the cdndins.
[j"i*j"i".,*"'i,J"
'.quao'rr'"",i.n" _ _ "d.-...F
.rrecurrdrnsa,ebeincsesqbvhe,. d,' ",d.p
ffiT\
We can omit the asert {the prd @ntnroF teM: wa( *ee - re,ns.oa{oan('pe , u.,r;,,.,i
person thins lhat doosqe
son or thina doElle . She thero,n- * F . ,.. e
was decoraunR
srre,vas decorati,rs the roo,n. ,. ?., i,"".,";;;i-." r,"
n",","""".*
.lneOonwasberngdecoratedbyher, /pd,5,e'o.c)lPd.i,er'oucdi14,
Te-.fteoornwasbeingdecoratedbyher.,pds,e,o.crrpd.$eiouc,i1d
lroh the a.live voice to the p.ssive\ ., ;"r,ung"amto",r*,* l
.

/ th€ agent is unknown oL

voice if the o}- - -:!i\i . , j rrhoAdwvore. i
unimportant.
unimportant. ':-
/ We include
n.lude the asent
apent e{*=r=-s '
e{ffi-;=€
asent when we want to @gj . T"d
l.Mlooddrn !
ehDhastse the lerson o. thine rhat o..i^ r
caused the action we have to u* bv
- nsread ol bv : ol turrq :
bef.re the aqent. in a passive voi.e senlence when the verb iTTm d'dm qj
--.---:
T': *
.^truncntimetheysercaransinerieirtabres. thar ir used by
relers to a state of thines t ather than to an 'lrrnrc@d i
;;ii.;.;'-"h;;;;,;ili;;; i;"i;;;i-
someone. i..r,"igmpr..*
iii:,i:li::,T;,
gty:ole. e4t.c1tn@6 ten?.. / 6' .Thesupemarkeriscrowdedwithpeopetoday. ...--,----,' I
. netablesree being arai8ted at lunci
/
(eeie @ice, e.ast @r rtu.us tft)a- . My ma boxwasltooded with bulk e mait overrhe

pn]SH{I AilD PASI COI{TINU0US uilSIS, """'#,.*"o.,-."**.

3:*!$",f,itif,i[il;fi..,-,,.
i:*'#Jfr,i1",;fi"Ti,i:"',i,",11:!1"*" IHI passrw WTII'BY'0R'wTH' ::f:' :;::l :$:" :l]:,

o PNI Neuron (M) sdn. Bhd. {ss469GH) l2a

 r,*1 {-\ MEMORY MAS_rERY THROUCH M|ND MAPS ENGLTSH GRAMMAR

lhe passive voice ol the present perlect
tense is lormed in this way :
prusent Perfecti has/have
been + past participte
@ . The car has been washed by him.
: ;l"J""ffi
.
i5::il:r:-Tii "
The vase has been broken.
'. The gates have been locked.
The building has been painted.
. The shoes have been polished.
The passive voice ot the future perlect
tense is lormed in this way :
of!erb ruture periJ: wirrrrave * t€en , past pa dicipte of;erb
(D . The dinner witt have been cooked by
fi .
her in an hour's lime.
The grass will have been cut by
them by tomorrow.
. The composition will have been
wriiten by her in lwo hours.

Rule 2
The passive voice of the past perfect
tense is formed in this way :
Past Perfectr had + been + past pa{icipte of verb
@. The car had been washed by him.
The form had been signed by us_
My handbag had been stolen. 'r;.
The vase had been broken.
The gates had been locked,
The building had been painted.
The shoes had been polished.
When a sentence wiyh modals suc has
can, may or must is changed lrom th
active voice to the passive voice, the
has to be changed in these ways:
can + be + past participte ofverb
may + be+ past paticipte ofvelb
must + be + pastpadjcipte ofverb
*
(A . Uncle's van must be repaired by
the mechanic this evening.
. This problem may be discussed by
the commitlee soon.

Rule I Rule 2
A passive sentence sometimes does not The agent is normally lett out it the person
contain an agent. or the thing that did the action is obvious.
(0. Rahimah's vittage was flooded tast @
nisht. t',...\-
.
' Ahmad's otlice was burgled yesterddy. Cammy writes lhe story witb
' Aminah's purse was stolen yesterday. and wit.
fP".--..^-=;_------
. Cammy's story is written
with humour and wit.

/;(\
Rlll0 4
ln the passivesentence, the agent ot The passive voice is usually used to
an action can be lelt out it it is describe an experiment or a process.
rnimportant.
Itt
GD. The cans ol sardines are sent to
l- fi -\
a
machine where they are labelled.
. Th€ teacher advised the stude . The pineapples are cut into slices or
the dangers of smoking. cubeg and placed in cans.
I +*----
. The students were advised about the
dangers ot smoking.

i PN NPUron Mrsdr. Bhd r5s4aeof)

 MEMORY MASTERY IHNOUGH MII{D MAPS ENGIISH GRAMMAR

sr" E; ";Ei! i,-

:3
6g ! i€E 9€ri:; --i.i t E t
9a E E

[-l
lal
ll,
E
sEs =
I
*s I3€I; ii; !i;3 s
lrrr
ld -! I
lr
E eE el ! E
!:
m+:[< E

l6l
g ! Fl\' 5 r-at
=-
q .2
@ 3dp Ei
E ;Et'3? :P t
o
s9 "ES
6"6
,i E;t I -t LE
"{
P,:a ln
: \ \F lEhl -3
(J E
96 r! )i g E
6- 'i
Et!
E6 o E;
:.e 3u
..,;
= F l;, c, E .1
6 p.. n a a
x9l
aF, 2 ,iE
EP
a
[:] E Et E
€
39 (.)
FF
t r!l
CF
=
E-EdoF <26
'it:
i;-'
g
6
ii
;"93 e : l*i
e= p

caio EF .s
r:EF- !
ab
q=6 95 !
Ii Ij6E
U:E e
ba
td i 3os E '
E e;'se
*1
kl
o
rd
!-
o E
o
c,
6 E
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OPN NeuronlMlsdn Bhd l5s469oF) 130

ta-
TIIROUCII MII{D MAPS ENCLISH GRAMMAR

ch,Eetlrerolowing D Edspeed
Ji
Direct speech is used to 'SprddshaeeigrlhEs,"sa]drheb isr
state exactly what someone has sid bal .uidss hare etght tees
llre rea.h.r

said, Place the exact word ot the

speaker between quotation marks_
JE;;G:- . tina said, ,.I,m tired.,,
\
2i
rhe quotation marks\ \\ | r .,.
are used in pairs. We use ---.y * '---<
(") ro besin shar-r -->f RUIDS 0I DIRIIT

-,/,/'/*\t\\
D""dffi?:;tl,H".!l:7.->,splqilt
.
=,sl
the
'Please open /Read th€ foltoivins rute\when you be8in
door. sajdPlrtee. / a sentence with the speaker's name.
l- u\P -o-okdon nr^\
. Kelvinsaid, "Wele
'"" ;.r,"",.. I.D,c.,
#il;il.,i"'" \ .*r"r,",q,,/*r""",,;;;;;.tt
/
ll 6eapuictualonnarktu
-i';;;';";,,,:'' / mdehalflDee6onsaid
sta*.*
ci ovm8Dred .
;::
hd edrpc(hG6ed l
ma*s
.;
- usetu lslop
to erd

:s]m)
Cehero

a.n,s"ri,",s-,ai. " ra :61 chingebefonow Dnd sp€ed io

^ ng

1 "weh ebeeiroai'eic, si,r rs g s

The reportins v€rtr ,said'

will remain b!t the tense Do not chanse the t€nses
of the other verbs wili chanae of verbs in indirect speech
il what we report is stitl
. Aljce said, "lam pretty." ir,..r sper.rl true.
. Alice said that she is pretty.
tlntlndLspeech)
. 0llr science teacher sa id, ,,Water boits
. Sue said, "llike swimmjng.', praL speech) al 1O0r C." I Dn" d.re,.ch)
. Sue sajd that she likes swimming.
. ourscience teacher said that water
boilsat 1000C.
I ';ii
.--.:.':"'',"'--,.-
l, ;:-.
- 2: N
D
',,:
I
pronorns, possessile R
., adiectiv6, possessiy. pronouns . l
,: and time expressions C
T
,/'Ileysaid, "WewenttoJapantastmonth."
. Iheysaid that they had gone toJaDan s
'\, lhe previous
nonth, ^ ,/ B
/- I -|
I
G.
siirNturre w r/ +3 rsL(rr

ier chaigngadn dquen oiwlri.i ha

131 GrPN NuronlM)sdn 3hd F546s0 B)

 The actual words ot the spea

Wheh we .ebori di.e.i 6Dee.h

ond tell rr td somebody else ir Joftn say3, "l like chocolates."
becomes rndrrect speech.
The teacher said, "Put away your books.''

Change the dkectspeech to indirectspeech.

1."The ea{h moves round the sun.'sald the
John says that he likes chocolates,
2."We have been to America," said the girls. The teeher eid that re should put away tho booLs.
3."lam goingfor a walk in the park," said
i, The starement is a general
4.'We enjoy watching movies," said the children. truth or a habitual action I
When chansins direct speech into
irdirect speech, we do not chanae the er said thattomorrowwe must come to.ch
tensc of the verbs when: 2 sr'e sadinamoutans are lulcy an.l sweet."
The introductory verbs in Sh9/6aid that rambutans are juicy and sweet.
i,
lhe simple present lense 3 Rdfiman sald, -Birds can rlv. 0,
Rtm€n s'd tharbirds en fly.
Rlta says, "l live in a bungalow.' - 4
Susan said, 'Dogs are fierce."
. H
1\usan sald lhat dogs are
rheysay, "we are goingfor a movie." Examples: :
saythatthey are goingfor a movle: 1 Halim said, My cat is sick.
i
6 Myslster
My sistersays, "lam thirsty." Hirllm srlrl thrt hl< .rt ls sl.k .
says thar she lsrhhsty. Xathy.sald, "My father ls not backyet."
All says, "l love durlan." xathysaid that herfather is not back yet.
AllsaF tfiat he lov6 durl My mother said, "My shoe3 need washine."
My mother said that her shoes nee<l washing.
-tAF 4 lane sald, "l am hungry."
,ane said that she is hunBrv.
- a
if,?"iH::ff*'" 0lllli0lilG DIRTOT spDDOII INIO INIIIRDTI SpDTOH *;:*:::'
-( direcl
,X^,^
nun8ry" I thathewashungry. \
'l tlta sald, "lam golng . Rita saidthat3he \
'/ wasgoinctor a walk. \
that \
. The students said
dents. l lheywere sleepins, \
, . "lwill phoneyou,'saldAll / . Ali said thathewould phoneN
, ny newcomputer,"
/ l\
I'
rc havlng fdondsfo./nl
r." saidmother /. I
dfalher /thet

"rey
Last night ---r\ /ot di
"*

Arir€ct rn.ttrect /Direct

Our Their I Your
onrs Thair< I
Indirect
My, our, his,
her, lheirs
/ pirect
I
You
tndircst
He, she
l, we, he,
I

1
f ffii ilrriii:r
Mine lis, rrers I vours Mine' ours' i lirrrrrlitrl
she, they ,
)t!)).,11 i .i
This Th.r I theirs Me Him, her !
These rrrose i we They His, her (
\ \ u. rhem \ ""
@ PNI Neuron {M) Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H) 132
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L.-
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s; ! F = !E=
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r33 6i PNrNcrm(M)sdi.3id (5546e0 Hr

 MASIERY THROUCI{ MIND MAPS ENCIIsH GRAM

iQuestion mark (?)i

iExclamation mark (l)
What js your name?
How old is she? Wow, this is greatl
Where is the bathroom Look out!
Who is standing there? Surprlsel Happy birthdayl
Do you want to play a Fire! Fire!
game? Ouchl That hurts.

Bfl:+.
E.ryel,tl .
I have a bag, some pencil That is my sisterin-law.
and a book. .My father is sixty-one years
. She likes bananas, apples and old.
watermeion. The boys are learnrng self-
You will need flou r, sugar a defence
€€s to make a cak
. This rs a non stop fiight

. tu,"ii.Hr&""f4'""1,
. This is a great party;some Malays, Chinese, lndians and lbans
people were dancing; some . The colours of the rainbow are as
people were eating: some follows: red, orange, ye lou b ue.
people were talking. green, indigo and violet.
. These are rny friencls: A
hn. lda and Sofi
Itpq.tryp!91,
. Tlris is John's house_
. That boy's parents are . This is my tallle.
going out. . She Jikes rock ctimbing.
. Thrs is Lee's pet dog. . They live jn the condominjum
. This is the children' : The police statjon is at the
end of the street.

Capitat tetters
l_
. I love reading'Harry potter'
i-

4 rcnr:llrr'.rrgm
Punduare$esenren.es co ecny with caphat books.
refreq rurrsiops {.), sxcramar on ma'ks(t),
queeoon markst?), conmas (.)and quora on
. Where is the K.L. Tower? a]rlrlrtr|1|ttilltlt
The ne.n ngofa scntence can
. I am going to see Tony. cliaice wlrh the w'dng use ofpunc
js visiting his aunt
i Mr Limhospital. r she
. she
s
is
you dauch(er rce4ain/su,e)
yourdarehre4l!n.e4ain/
deka dog I was scar.d oi beinE bftten
docsoiBnaw.ys!ddenry rerrfrysetrfaltnE
by rhe
\!!S
beaut rur." (A..ordint ro L@ |ie
suddenry ifeftsomerh ngmovinE up my ted i
rmked {lown a python iwass herin! uo noF(.) qcamaron m 61:)indqDnoi m i5(?).
myrsgsha!sholrd i do i sneansd asroud beaur iur." (A(o'dinE ro rhe house,
Liza is huce and beaurilut).rhts
senieh6 cives wonc interprcraiioi.
goodne$ ir was oirya niehtmarc

!PNr\.rr.r 1rltsdi Bfd 5.r6eNr 134

tr
EHJ
lhere Ydriou. puncluqlions 3uch ra:
.trG

Used at the end of a question .Used after a command .lrsod io separate item3 ln
.Ako ussd to show strong a list, or a series ot noune
a How are you? emotiorc .uch as su&rise,
O Where did you pur the book? anger, excitement or urgercy.
a Whoyou
is that pretty lady?
L l bousht a pencll, a ruler and
an eraser lrom that Bhop.
a Do know the wav to the a Help! Help!
.linic? b Oh! I've cut my lineer. O I boustt a loal or bread,
Where do€s Ah Boon live sli.e of cake ard buns

- .U3€d alt€r intreductory

. Used lo link state
a daughter ' ln - law rclated to each other
a Thcre was a big
crowd; some men
werc runninci some
.Used when writinC mer wele shoutingi
compound numbers
' statcm.ntB (a word, a colrlplete
' claus€, seeral seniences) \
a Therc were pcoplo ol various rae3 at
carnlvah ilalaF, Chinese, lndlans, lba.!,
d Eura.i.ns-
.Used to lntroduce an explanatlon to th€
first statement
a There is only one persor who she really

il.t : Good mohina, reacher

Teacher r G@d mornins, Uat.

.Used to show oMorshlF . UEod to ma* rhe end

sentcnc8 and also aftet
abbrevations or shorr i Used at the beglnnlng ol a

(sin3ularl
a Thc clock is round.
(plurall b Your pet i3 very active.
c The children's toys Gash on delivery - C.O.D. c That house tas a 3wimming pool,
It is raining heavlly.
W€ lik€ soins to tho . Uscd lor names ol people and pcts
a Sandra will be eetting mar.led to
Lin naxt *eek.
b Polly is my parrot.
gEEm .GreetinC - the liBl lett€i
a "Good morning, teacher."
b "Hi, how are you?"
A.rc3rc q|sn EL'bdh 6[od h
-
135 oPN N.umnlM)sdn Bhd (5546so.F)
 8m
Putrdubll'efolovine$nteiesBrcl!x & *"o*rEsr
Puiduab senEf.es kilh
rhe ronoeing fu I sroF ( . )
* amaton marks 1r)and qu6rioi matu(? )
ai 6mtaiastodhqh6b.nd 2. mdd you rika totoin meford nner
4.arMhdesomenrgSebbugeriordog.id e crcamtorrieparry

I s.,-|, o dmd d

le l: Use q
lull stoo to cloit :.::"b"* [Ub.AG36
o declorntive
senlence. .$' *fi**,,,r",*;l;".
n tq*;-*ds-*" @ EnDffiUre
rl he@€sdmidbbri€a.r+h
ffibE'E!,
The people are cheering
'lD:kdftfon'oo}]jlr!'L1o
for their favourite team. Please do not enter this
The restaurantjust room.
opened over a month ago. Please do not smoke here.
The team with the highest All missing items will be
points wins the game. returned to the rightful
The animals are well taken owners.
care off in the zoo. Please retu rn the books
. l\,4r Lim is our school the shelves.
principal. . Please pay attention.

ftlb&Ebeo
Rule 4: UEe c lull slop
lo indicole n decinol
lroction or dollqrs ond
. The friends are headed to cenls-
P.D. or Port Dickson for a . lt is very hot; the temperarture is at
holiday at the beach. 40. 3 degrees.
. My aunt will be leaving for . The computer cost RM5300.80,
K.L. tomorrow. . He ran the 100 metres under 7.8
. L4y brother hasjust seconds.
finished studying at U.M. . He is 1.7 metres tall.
. Cash On Delivery or C.O.D The length of the carpet is 2.5 m
means a system of paying . The village is situated
for goods when they are kilometres away from the
elivered.
$ rrmrq:rrsr
r;s rttrl?rfl
sab .hkmyneigr'bourshe d$towasteroddonedaysieateadoleii!tattarbknga
bri. sre rhe doughnlt away{h} did }dr do rhat asked in norid rh6 ddnghnrt h mtsweel eiougtr
sr'e Ep[!d'B
rirt nrght eba'iah o b
's rtre s3* so at ens standing os har bed ier tegs iookjuicy srd oid
$unds qftkry sl'e opercd |terey.s
otliemr0 nkrr6ddrrmfi dmmm.,.rde6toorwmmybdi jdnedmee,l
e has a ufe €t ed tmi.
*Eyou a€ rep0ed tie olrterrt 6n
d a soi 6rdib r'e fitrds a bis pe s troubte begm tr
'ig,'r gedy p€opre lry to ger hrs '
o.ad this iirearhg slory ts {drdi
3aba'r.r' $named help I'etp in mo r6r dne dining h wiars rDig ebrdatr ad€n he'
bymamed. y14johlsteiibe.k
modf ir'ad a horrbre ntgirm o

oPN Neftdn (M)sdn Bhd (5s41ie0.Hl 136

 illll iiJ l lJil llliljli llUj.|il]).rrjr,J

r This is Enir's bicycle.

@ He hasn't linished reading the
.2 The boy's parents came to see him play
nervspaper,
in the tootball match.
,a @ I don't know where the building is.
Where's the house key?
i O The meeting starts at ihree o'clock.
They are leaving lor a day's trip to Pori
Dickson.
b
5 He rvolks in Pahman's and Minah's
shop.
6 David Lee is Daniel's latfter,
7 ' I like reading Shakespeare'g novels.
z
8, This pen is mine; tfte other is my .'@
sigler'9, ' T0 sr'owMdshh oi po$ssioi ladd r afier i0. Er.mples :
, 9 The children play at the palk which is . $agi'r3hoGeFiigurai

in lront ot Mr Lee's house.

tr
g
.Md{apGtuph4 :ne'shgu noumor
6t
.''
'
^1ifJfil4i'"1'l''':in'ifi3lj,ll'j
.add sro,pruBrmmsthardomrsdwiur
(D rhere are two o's in the word photo.
s A The number 8347533 hastripte 3's. \rn
O the two VIP'S are already in the discussion
&...".,,.", O There are more a's ihan e's on this page,
,ra-i-u",p"*o" **ory u." *"*",y. gDot your i's and closs your t's.
tt

,- OAdd
--^
1"! rTllqi
two 4's and six 2's.
illirl
.ilr
R;d $" p., s"pL b"l"q t" aod'opie ( ) wher . ee*ad
"dd
0nddaiar'ungry$akes irheredinio,tum. rquickrygid€dintorieci crrcmc
$eeakeshde.a(c xrtsrirhdrediiro rdediearyonliesnaresread.rhetdghrdn.d
$ake qni.kry grided 0dorbe srreeps p
dnren.t fiigfrerod s a ke q I crdy srithe undiiebkncholarod.Ho*se4itdidmt
ive. nre bees nings prmtured painrn ry inro the snarrcs !hn. fte wouidd siake
sridrsed s 0*ryr'om rhe ree. rt hudd a d

Sandra's neighbour, a
young man, needed some la) verb + nor = v.rb + n't {'takes ihe place ol'o'ln not)
is, arc,was werc d0, d0.s, did, has, have, had, must, coutd,woutd
sugar badly, As he could
not go to the grocer's @b . Ken 5 nolrcadinga book. + isr't rcadifga book
Ketr
.r[eydd iotwanttostudy. + Theydonlsanlto study
himself, he asked it she . You niust trot smob + You oustn tsmoke.
could run the errand for lblthe verb can / *ill + not = c.rll won't
him, E@ .ttecannotwarno*+
.Alcewi rorcome heEagain ....+Arcewod tcome here again.
Sandra was glad to be
{c) prenoun + isl
/ an =oronoun + short.ned verb
are
ot help allhough she had @'Eb .We arelrends.+we /:r.. nc.oD.s t.l
promised to take her 'lamhis5lstel + 'oircnds /aD berdrres rt
mhissster
younger sister to lhe 't]c sv.ryi.eiow ts lrecones s)
(dl noun + b = nord + sio*ened vcft
baker's. &F . M! booL i5onlhetable. € llybook s on thetab e.
-Hesveryneenos
r37 @ PNr Nemon (M)sdi. Brrd. (5546e0-H)
 .?
Mmc '
MAsILRY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLI5II GRAMMAN
,2 .ru\cruAr roNs R'rlrs r d 'S'
, s,Nll!9,l]roN rrj\;r'

ln wliting conversation,
Enclose a direct begin a paragraph lor
quotation mark each speaker
My teachcr said to me, "You need to
Torr asked. "C'ould yo
study hardcr for the Science subject."
tell me fie time. pleasc?"
. Amy smiled and said, "Thank you Lina replicd "Sule. it is 9 o clock"
for coming tn try bifthday pany. ' 'Iom said, "Thank yoll very much.l
Lina answcrcd- "You're

.':

rhes ngie q!oraion nark I

Always place
Use quotation marks to draw quotation marks
special attention to word. outside a comma
My teachor asked thc students to or full stop
write a book report based on the ' The xssistant said.
popular book 'Romeo and Juliet' "Could I hclp you'1"
. The namo
. The tour guide said. "Please try
1S very
to stay together so as not 1c) 8c
specialto . il.rtt\)t:r I
lost." :
9 MEM@YTEST tr{lmrlrxi8

$!99 Mark a question

Always place quotation
marks inside a colon or or an exclamation
a semicolon mark inside the
. The old lady munnured, 'l can't quotation marks
go on'; thell she burst into tears. Susan cried "Help! Helpl'
. Selvam said, 'l am very sorry "What is it?" Mum said. Susan
Pak Jusuh. Please forgivc me'; ,. said, "There's a big bug standing
then he knelt down and on my hcad." Mum sighed "Oh!
confessed his sins. There, it's gone now."

oPNr\.uroi Mtsdf. Brrd i554690i]) 13a

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!PN Neuror 1M)Sdn 3hd 15546S0H]
 a,
9i , Use alter
a statement which
introduces examples
fr-w-
Use between two closely
related, balanced ilems
.Tfi( bo\ contains the foLlowing:
papcrs, books and photos.
. Thirly-two cars entered the
twenty-two flnished it.

se between a statement
@
Use to in troduce quolations.
and its clarification
. Marilyr Vos Savant once said:
.The palty theme: Formal
'Being defeated is often a
dress. condition. Giving up is what
coaods
makes it permanent.'
She Nas respccred and adinired by rhoscwho
kne* hcr She {as d {oman ol inany
outslandirg qualities: visdorn, peAeveEnce, 'ENIC0a0tts
RULES FOR , Ton and Tim are brcthes; they arc twi.s.
tolerance and cou.age.
The ingredlcnts rhar ve rccd io bak. coconrl usuta c0uMs . Thai wonan is ny rrandlrode.: shc is mv
c.okics are: L*o cups ofbutLer, ore cup ol fathefs nrother
. Yourhandw,itine is ve.) u,x1dr-i he.s isvery
sugar, Lwo ccgs, hro rnblcspoons olnritk and ,:L)!:!)) J.t)l )ll )U\\'t'
two cups ofsineLi nou. . You must
. Th*e are lirur ktrds olrouns: conDon inpd,c your l.nd* rirrne; she doesn'l
noms. propernouis. absliacL nours ind .Ipulallny.teivellery in this o,ptroardr I didnl
collecrile nouns 6i pul anylhing in thal cu|board
. Thcreasons lor lhc accident wcre . Some students siudy ha.d;orhers don 1.
(i) The rcad {as slippe,r . You can buy propenyj you cannor buy loveed
(ii) The dri!e.was oreless

EtrI
Use betrveen
independenl clauscs
Use hetween items of \
a series if the items \
not connected by a
confain internal
conjunction
commas
. The light flickered; . Tim won first place in
then it tused. the race; John, second;
Mat, third. @
,/
rug
)fore cxpr(
however, I Use to make clear the separation
P
et$ecn main clauses ofr compound
Ktives arc sha.p:
sentencc ifit contains other commas
. Lin, I suppose, likes to eat
therefore we reed be
cakes; but her sisler, probably
careful.
prefers fruits.

e PN Neuor 1?\4)Sdn Brrd.(5511690ts1

.-
MEMORY ITASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

DID YOU KNOW?

(ol 10 indi.die corpo!nd prds
' ndn srop -setf-disciptin.
- up ro doie .dork-hdhed
.5?f-.onimr , moihar ro be
.se f node . lhe lryper is used ro connect the
'salfdsteh.e sed.o,rml
(b) when wril ne .onpdund n!mbeB parls ol d compound wo . ir is atso
€xdnpl6 -fwenry iso . iriy rhree
rh rt nv2 .salenly tuo used 10 cornecl pdfis ol a rord
kl ioq, porwo dsah-htru,edoson di!idcd at t|e cnd ofa liDc.
aonpl6 / rtue io rfepiduE
.nrco-lfesnudnon
' a fou, irdr€v rdn,
rdr b d,"d."-d, d rh" r;i".
"f
";d"ides
rhdy juhped nro the poo
dopz from o swom of be6
G)roloison? p €i r?5 ro noui5 6pe oty proper
''-.-... ..1":1:.:.::::r1.. .-.--.\
( '")^^"''""" *' *' *^
RULES FOR
Rule 1: Use in writirg
certain compound words
. My r/Jt€r'-lr-lar] is a nursc. Rule 4: The suffix etect and
. Her greal-grandson was the presidenl of prefixes like self, vice and ex
the company. need a hyphen
Madam Lee has thr-ee daughters-in la . H(
. The policc askecl pas.rers-61 if is thc \ irL'fr(\iLlcIt ut thc
Interact Cluh
they had seen the
accident happenj/<

Rule 5: Use between the parts ol

Rule 2: Use in writing out
lractions used as adjectives
One-third of the stndents in class
to play badminton.
. Slre ate n'o thirds of the pizza
...becausc she was hrngry.
Rule 3: Use in spelling out
compound numbers
. Thc house nunber isffiy oae.
' Shc is nadrl1,-ergrt yearc old.
'Thcre e lwen\) one candles on that ell explanatury. \'ice president. e\,minister
birthday cake.
' . There arc.lif, five e-qgr jn that facilities in the club.
huge basket.
qee.
s$
t'Ht
compound adiectives used belore a noun
. They stayed in 5 dorthle-starcf housc fot
many years.
. Anna is a soft-spoken gir).
. You need an ?rp /o-rlale dictionary to sol
this grammar puzzle.
. I sa\,,' the ddrk ll.lirerl man cnteri
nry neighbour's house ,/
Rule 6: Use in compound
adiectives made up ol a pretix
and proper noun or adiective
Examples: prcsideni-clect, sclf-estecm.
\ot.-t,t, nl-,\ atc nn a..u\rcU O .c tl,(
Hc serlecl noa r:r/cr.'furllr: chocolatcs and
drinks k) the guests during the party.
. Wc took a ro, l./dp train
' frorn London to
& &d
Oxford

l4t ! P[ Nerr.]LJrSdr Brd i551'6!orl

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

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*:EE:= ?tH El!=. rin H7i Ei=:
. "--( El5;; .'i 5 p5'€ +: € t !
s.\ ss *-B:€*q;E 'g

y- * ad 6
E;a i --i| :Z
ElJ'. zt: ; t,n- 1=j -i= !
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H+;:: €l E ;i nR;!'I ='-.
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F

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i=
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F €-. \ -:9!=;=
4:. z=
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 MEMORY MASTERY TIIROUGH MIND M/TPs EI{GLISH GRAIIMAR
roPrc 23, sYNolYMs lwoRDs s

describe - explain

disaster - calamity
absent - missing ,, :
abundant - plenry -Al
.L f,3 brigtt - shi
adhere - stick
atlectionate - lovine commerce - beginl3rarr

amazement - wonde.

astonish - 3urprise
glad - tappr /'--r ''

sreetcd - saluted

J identical - same
ormous indust.ioos - hardw.
- sisartic/huge
erlerded - enlarsed

loyal - trle/laithful
lofiy - high
popular - tavouiite
ls
N,

scene - sisht ^ o
shrine - tomb \ N
sleek - smooth iJ.. --..
small- litlle
squi.mirg - wriggling
M
s
/.4\i ?.,

ramble - roamlwande.

wraih - anger^lry

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Accept
Let
\ Absent.
\
Allow.
n Top
. Belleve
Accept.Belleve
f Allow.Let
Mlsslng
Absent.Mlsslng
0f
add _ tnserr
Aftect_Change
Affect _ Change
Answor-Repty
Answor - Repty
Awake.uo ,/
>. ,1"'.'
,2fu E nn' c @d5 h noanr'
, \tdeat-perfect
\ -
c -\*.
Joy-De ght
Just-Fah
JumD-HoD \
\
\
|
|

-\sLz,f,; ,-;"4x"+
s
Awake- up
Actlve . Llvely

Bulld. I' a!.--'. ' r"cin ' eemrcs

-sma8h .;;il .;',5t- Keen - Eager Lenl.eive
Burn-Blare Xeep -Stay Low " Short

' Hlt
8uy" Purchase
eeireve . conr6sii/on : :1T!:
'll'': fv vI,] Loud-noisy
Begln . Start
-c""' _='/\ I S
T Ma]vel -Wonder
Collect-Gather
?lf-Spotless Comfort - soothe N Muslc - llilelody
Need. R€quire
l- lnvite Cowage - Btaye/
Care - Mlnd
o Mood - lemper
Mystery - Secrecy
Neat-Tidy
Cautlon-Conceln N Near- Closeto

T
Distance - Gap
M
'DrT ;;; i'k;t"r, s
obtain - Get
obstruct- Stop Plty -
often - Frcquently P de -Arogancs
0bject-ltem
@,"*""-*.,,",;", Obediert'Re
Prcspedv-
samsneanrruas$emldlndd h6d
1lhesordrsEtole bndy i ih6

98{- ^ppeat
Fail- unsuccessful
Strong.
emy. Rlval p' rc$ oi* ii Resewe - Kecp
3. A rived rhh !!d
d- Flnlsh Sorrow - G ef
Forget - ove oo
E)de or.Outslde 4. n @cq! h cin d file dd@k nobust. Healthy
Fury -
Edge - Bord€r d. Flnn Sink - D
tity 5. He h g9!E4t $n. nchmdms

o1
bll'etrdd, (@l etlnE, Dla rM)

- Horror
sara . liiil \ Trouble - Difliculty
Ientative - Uncertain
Unlte -Joln
Hot-Wam \ f.i€gri .
Good. kcellent 2.bhnk . .n dy Trnth - Fact
Healthy- Flt 3.s]ani'}.
Glant. Huge ,leeile in-Slim
Hero-
Grace'Elegance Champlon
Grow. Produce hole .
6.
7.rhin . . qao Yell- Shout
Young -Adol
Got ' Fitrd e.sroig.
10,rea1i. .
(V
empry

oPNrNdmlM)sdn. Bhd.15546e0-H)
 MEMORY MASTERY THROUCII MII{D MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

& *""-'"' -c a?rrr.fr{rt

e the synorym or ea.h oftrre fo ro ngwords.

1A'00 isaperconwho sr* y de@i@d.

a fiicrrbied 1. lrre norie PA $ bo'hg lrrar I sted

Abasement - Huniliati
Abet - Assist . Abilily-Ca . Bill -
A* Accessible - Availahle . Bad - Evil
. Accident - luishap . Account - Rcport
Accurate " Corre.t . Accu*d - ala . Sland - Mild
Actual- Genuine . Addict - Depen
Adequate - Edoush 'Adjust-Adalt
Adni.e - Appreciate 'Aid " H€lp
'Artful - Clever ' Ally- Partner . Belief - Contession
I Appoint - Assign . Arrest - Capture

";;"#-*.,.1:j;,'r:::i,,"
ity- Disaster . Chiel ' PrinaiDal
. Driftt-- Delicat€ . Dclighl -
.
Calm - serenity . Charity - Expla .,.6ana*e - uu,
Cancel " Erase . Cleyer-Srisht . i;:;;," :.md
;fi;' . oanp - Humid
Capable - Adept 'Cold-Chitty .Ie*r 'Dadng-Bold
Capture - Seiz€ . Compare -
.'Carry - Bear . Conceal - Hide
. Catch - Captlre . Copy " Cheat l-Dkorate-Adorn . DisapFear - Vanbh
. Cause - Reason . corre.r - Trxp I t.. oeau* - s"tt..a
lcaotion - Warnins . Corrupt-Spoil t | \o.ri.'r - oi""r.oi.*
Y
,/: FoLm - shiee
: - simpt€ ' Employ - Hire
Easy N . rraarre - rratr .. russ _ e.rh-.€\
Frni+txt _ Fcrri
. EItecr _ Reiutr . Empty - Vaca . Frank - open , ;;;"t,"r. _ ;;:i
. Eject - ExDel Freeze - Chill
! Etevare - Rai.e ' Ens.ave - crave . Frequenr - constant . -;;;";;;i -,
_
. Elude - Batfle ' Enlist - Enroll
. Educate - tnstruct ' Entire - Whole
l{ fteedom - lnd.benden.c. -
. -
rrugar - Lconomrcar
. runny - Amuenc
Epidenic - outbreak ' Envious _ . Furious - Anerv
Y ' Fortitude - . Furtivc - Se.reiive

---l'Generic-He il . Handicap - Disabiliry

s .',j:ii:il";** : :r::*-Jl
.
Giasle -
Garnish ' Decorate . Glad - H.ppy . Heat - Wrrmlh
' Gath€ring - Assembly . . Harass - Worrv
Gaudy - Brisht
Gaze - Lodk __:-' -_- . Hermit-
. Gem - lesel
" Solitarv
l n..ii -
"**n : ilf _-f::'
>.
lgno.ant - Unaw.i! \
-Untawful . Incom€ -Sala
| . leopardy - Danger
- trrarionat . lndulge - cr
itate - Dupli.ate 'lnferior-Less . ,lo.ular - Amusins
hature - chirdirh' lniured - Hurt
r tmmorat - tndecent ' lnquire - Check -
. tmmutre - Resistant . hsult - Otlend
. tmpartiat - just . hterior - tnternat . ,ldicions - Authority
. tmDede - Hnrder . tnt€rfero - |
' lncite - Provor.c ' lntricate -

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. lcepsake . Kind \
- Reminder - consid€,.ie ia
. Xidnap - Ahdurt . Knowledce i
. Kil, - Murder - Intalli:ence s
amily j Y
--'J611y-1u-"rou"'.. . Nesoti.te - Discuss
Mad - lnsane N . l{asty - Disagreeable
o . l{ecessary - Essential
. Neglect - Disregar.l
lt
Y
t
5
' Obs.ure - Concealed .:'
s-- bEMFIE$
.oblfte;ate " Destr;y
. occur - Hapnex i'-'i!t
)tl I ; rh" . Patriori. - L;dt . Port - rerry
, . od.r - srranse ' Peak' s,m-ii
":::- " ., ' Potent - Powertul ' Power - Might
. - Perlorm
operate ";il':i9**' ' Prefer - Favour
. . Oriqin - sotrr.e Perfecl-ldeal . Prim - FL'ssy
.
. ;*; _ H; . Poise _ Baran.e
. Ra.tiant _ Beamins :""TJ|"'"*,:,T"i*. _ 1--.!- .
' Ritual- Cerenrony B D ?de ' u'"t. !'on-.
t""nt - .....
' Relund. -,- nepayment '"qrb r ' Solemn - SPrious r '-1 ,
.-^-.--.
Reve.t Di..t.\A ;: .- \ I . sn:.i.x<
Spacio6 - AmplP
. R€ie.t - Di\, ir.l :" Lua . salute - creet . sitent - euiel
^mnrc
--.-- _ ::-:-
. ^Rem;re I q. - . secrer - Prilric r- ,- same
Di_tant *,,",,,,., "--_ - Atike
"1,, ^
' Respond - Replv ' Rase - AnsFr fi;"'.".;'"r;;, 'select -D?r.id' ' societv - club
. Rational - Hasty . Rob - Steal ' Stable - Firm
.. Reach -Arrive . Rich-weatthy t.we.".wr*ot"** ,''.' Sharp - Ac{te te . sort - Kind
sort-Kin.l
.,,,jj"i"*":l:.i,1t.,,,"*.'sharp-Ac
.
!"lr::j y
. Result-Md,kc ,
.
:n:.
:.I;i"_,:;:j
-."'
1*::I:1
. sir€ Area_." --\
sire _- irea-'

3.Mlsserrrdaldrdor
j Tactlul - Dia.reel .
I I
r rempq y-.rmpfif,anenr
I I
I L'4'
' (,/
_.
ra:l - tis:ron ,rense-srifl \/
. Tangihle ' solid . Throw - Tos\ I! Y . Unusuat - Abnormat
:l:: .
__. Unrir. _ Difie;nl ,
,-. oltimate - con.ltrsiue - ;'!
.
undereo _ Eroerien." i .._"
' uokeep - Maintenance ! /c ls
. Unique - Er.eprionar . Uproar - nior
. ust; _ unanrac ive . u;e. _ p...i
r

. Tame-Docile . Tie-Bind rie-Band, / _ _ I

| I \-.unity_Bofd
.Unity-Botrd
. Taraet -.Marr . riny - s-"ii
. Taunr-rnsurt .". . vibranr _ AniB;;d \l)
\. Teach - Educate "ii""".,r""",a,*r.,"". Victous Assre5sile . oid
. Tall- Hish
High - '
- Vasue -
. Vital - ldportani .Vast - tnrmensc -
' W.ste-S.ludndpr .-.J , . Void-En'prn'e.s . Vatiant - Bord
. Wary " Careful ",;p . Vain - Conceited . Very - Hiehty
. Venue - to(rrio 'L
. 'Wisdom-Undcr\lJtrdjne
.Weisht-MP:,,,F
Weisht - MP: ,IF I|
\{.-
. wander - R$n, - ---
. yearr
Yearr - crave
Crave t-r
J-..
. War. Bdttto . wi.trcd - ilit 'r Yield - Prod re
whirr - Rorrrr . wirr
w t "- cr,o',"
qrorte :1'l:.Tj:llil:l-11':1".:.'"T11tr'd
hrheb,*r.b*hrh.ed6dh ;6d"gb
zcar - €nthusiasm
. Whole -Total . Wet-$.mp
. Wed - M.'r \ ' Wan - Pdlc
.weah_F,/it 1. k\.d.d"r..q)
.weep_cr: ll;:.;,,lT.T;,:,f
"," "**"
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ftxDm Gn nrai

accidenta detiberate
base summrt
behrnd ahe..l
b;i;; _ a;;;;- bre smari \-r-
brave trmid rise
fall- iat- ean/thin \
bnsht-drrll famous- unkonwn few many
ba; pood Dow-stern / '. fancy - fact loollsh wise
boad-nariow feeble -stronA found ost
-?'a-ehr
' ouy-sel ,/ false -true friend y- hostite
miliar-strange luturepast
c mexcred
-
captNe captor c6an
.
dirrv
.tr-o,t
.aich tlrror "uer smooth
coarse
ccase beg. cotd - hot
. ulEed 5ava8,a rome_ao
enough - inadequare

generous - setiish/sringy
de ight dtsgust give receive/ta ke

div de !nne40 n/mdttpy

dwarf gant &,
day -
nrght
deep sha low
'leopardy safety
lorn - divide J7 \ \
oeieaf vrci..y * irega taMut
lust- unfai. 994
. difficult easv
hlgh low

maxirnum - minimum
taboro!s-easy

large tiny
observatron olersrsht

opaq ue - tra nsparent

professiona amateur

permanent temporary
temporary permanent
terminate - commence
ff!,i:#:fu-
@ ful \.,:*:: ::n*:,",:a .",""" ."",.,- i:iiffi;:::;_

. rry r"que. - ::;;t;::;:::,- .-. r *€ D g,,

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 MEMORY MAST€RYTHROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GLIsH GRAMMAR

b1n'"@@'tudr-'"*'d'a"

de'Outside
Illegal- Legal
loin-Separate
Allow- Forbid ldle "Working joy
- Sorow
Absent- Present Accept - Deny lll-Well
iust'Later
Attract " Repcl
lagged-Even
mis e.e. naiage.nlsnaiacd - Flatter

n e.g. espedivc nspetive

egin-End lfind-Cruel
l(Gen - lndifferent Low-High
Buy.Sell
B lliant-Dull Keep - Discard
Kid -Adult Left-Right
Bury - E$ume

Cautious - Reckless
Maior- Minor \
Ma;imun - Minimum New-
' ,,.^ Collect- Dispense -South
Comfort'lJpset A Moderate - Efteme North
Moist- Dry fieed-option
Courage -Cowardice :!.J oise-Silence
Cruel'Kind ,J
-Cunni

Da*
Bright
9
Dangerous'Safe rJ
Damage-Repair
Destroy-lvlake
{ obtain'Lose peiii,--r
Distant- ear ,'l 0bstruct-Assist p de-H

tu Seldom
ull'lnteresting often. prosper, Dectinj
0bedient . Disobedienl potite- Ru

ry@
Eneny - Friend
Fit - lJnwell
Follow'Lead
Forget - Remem
rve-Use
sonow-,oy
Success - Failure
End - Stat nigid-Floppy
Ebb - Flow
sink_Ftoat
Ertended - Patial
'^.1
iF:l!rF,1'TrI'Ta

Tentative-sure vrrrury _ u
Hard-
tlot - Cold Trurh-Lie Vivid.Dull
Good - Bad Healthy-Unwell
Giant-Miniature
Hold - Let go
Work-Rest Yell-Whisper
Well-Sick Young-old

o PNrNemnlM)sdr shd 1554690 H) t4a

a-
MEMOFY MASTERY IHROUGH MII{D MAPS EI{GLISII GRAMMAR ,,+.#*
roPrc 24 | AnTONy S IWORDS Opposr7E rN )fls,"
. Abandon - Xeep -. Abudance -Scarcity . Back - Front -. Alind - Seeine
'Ability- lncapacity . Arrival - Departure ! Bad - Gooil ' Bold - Timid
. Abstain - lndulCe . Alone ToCether . .
- Beg - Demand Bore - lnterest
' Accurate-Careles. . Ancient - Modern . Bend - Straighten . Brief - Lons
. Adverse ' Favourable . Answer -Qrcstion t Benefit - Loss ' Brih - Centre
'Admit- Deny . Awake - lsnorant . Bit -Whole . Build - Demotish
.Alraid- Bold . Adore - Despise . Blame - Praise . Burden - Ease
'Agile- Clumsy . Alerl - Sleepy . Blank - Flll . Eusy - Lazy
. Abase - Exalt . All - Some t Bl€ss - Curse . Blend - Separate

. Call- Dismiss -. choose - Reject t Danace - Repair Delet€ - lnsert

. -. .
'Calm - Dislurbed ! Come-co DamP -Dry Detach - Attach
. Cancel- Confirm . Conpare - Contrast . Dawtr - Sunset . Detest - Love
' Capital - Minor . Complex - Simpte . Disappoint - Sarisfy ' Dream - Reatity
. Carc - Neclect . Conceal - Reveal . Discount - Premium . Drossy - Atert
! Ca3t - Keep . Confess - Deny . Debit - Credit . Drunk - sober
. Certain - Doubtful . Cool - Warm . Decisive - Uncertain . Disgrace - Ho
! Chaos - Order . Copy - Origi.at t Decline - Accept . Day - Nisht
! Chast. - Corrupt . Cry - Laush . Decrease - lncrease . Dead - Alive

. Easer - lndiff€rent-. Enioy - Detest Fable - Fact V. Firsr - Last

. Early - Late ! Exact - VaCue Fabulous - Real . Find- Lo.e
' Earn - Spend . Excess - Shortace Fact - Fiction . Finish -Begin
. - Cause
Effeci . Erpel - Adnir Fair - Dark ! Floal-Sink
. - Risid
Elastic . Encace - Withdraw Fanatic - Cynic . Forcet
t Elude -Encounter ! Excavate - Bury Fast _ Stow - Remember
' Enploy - Dismiss . Elaborate - Sinple Fatigue - freshness t Folloy -lead
t End - Becin . Equip - Dismantle Fautt - pertection . Former - Lattef
. Enlarg€ - Diminish . Enlighten - Mystify Figurative - Literal ' Fresh - Siale
Fulite - Worrhyhite . F.iendly - llostile

. - Lose V.
Gain
' - Cowardly
Gallant
. Garher - Disperse
' Gay - Sad
r Genlle - Rough
. Genuinc - Fak€
' Glad - sorry
. Gloomy - Cheertul
. Glorily - Dcfan€
craduat - Suddetr . Habitral - Rare V' Heavy - Lighr
. creat - Smatt . - Proceed .
.
Halt fieed - tgnorc
creedy - Unselfish . Happy - Sad . Here - There
. criel - ,oy . Hardy - Weak . tlide - Reveal
. Grieve - Rejoice t Harm - Benefii . Hitt- Valey
. Grim - Benisn t Harvesr - sow .
. Hit - Miss
Gros - Declire . Hate - Love . Hollow - Solid
. Guilty - lnroccna . Hazy - Clear . Huce - Tiny
. cianr - Drarl t Heal - Wound . Hurry - Linser

. ldeal - Real V. lnside - Outside . lagged - Even V. Justice

. lgnite - Extinglish . lnterestins - Du ( . Jeatous - cont€nt - unlairness
. lllogical - Logical . lnvade - Evacuate r te€r - Ftatter . lustity- Censrre
t lmaginary - Real
' lrate - Calm . l€opardy - Security
. lnport - Expori . lsotate - Unite
! Income - ExDenditure . lntentional
. lncrease - Decrease - Accid€ntal . jubilant - Mournlul
. lnf€rior - Superior ' ltinerad
. lnquiry - Reply - Stationary

oPN Neuron lM)Sdn Bhd.(554690N)

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HOMOPHO ES

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s ES.;
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ee
::,"1 #€ H e
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a
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a I G 9= >q E
9..: 9E
-EE<
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e E€.;= I
EE-15E
: : \EE -'Ai
s !9
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-= s
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{€"REE 8€FE
o-
s c E.^;E 3 s\
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i bldF
p aE r \ I :iEi
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e $gEEsE ;_:
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153 oPNr NtuoilM)sdn 8hd.15546e0-H)

 3 ,"
l-i-d,
r Ala
-- .'
ueronv rrai-rrnv ,iiouc" rrxo *rrp! ercusx c"o*r"o,
__
^l-
Il) : 1 r ll )j !,h l'l' r,l rtlr llil lli
',' l D \:t 1: )'

l{
,,--- F.;il
Meahn€1 : A rapid chemical
\
0 change that releaser
heat, light and flame
@ SoHiers who desertthearmy n ($ The scoutsweie sitting nearthe
willbe punished wher caugfit. t) firedu rgthe night.
S
A dry, hat and sandy place 2, To be disnissed
(D He was firedfron his
(B nere is very little water in i }v
I
I Mun,€ 1 , Having or giving off
Meanine 1: Female deer ,ti l @ The room feels hotwithout
the fan on.
I' t) tueanine 2 : Arausing intense in
,, Singular form of 'do'
I
I (A That incident isa hottopic.,
T among the students.
She doesthe housework
)
everyday. T

-- Dtaw
t n
Meaninc 1 : fuletal
F,ll0ndi
Meanine 1: To
make a likeness n
with lines on a surface T .e Thatgate is made of iron
Maylikes to drawflowers, t{
2 2' Appliance to
Pull somethttlg
smoothly out of its present
I smoothen clothes
She is usingtfie iron to irol

n you drawthe cork

out?
Me nel: Not jntelligent
,,! The dumbrat keeps running into

n€ 2, Unable ta speak
.rrJhe is using sign language
\ commulicate asshe is dFr

To give food ' E:ia

(A The mother is feedingtie baby.
figtll
"c
2, Food for anlmals main door,
(B Mean.€ 1: Not heaty
Corn isused as feedfor
Meanthe 2: Of importance
(ATheteatheris
.CD Preparation is keyto
very liSht 5'.- succeed
Money paid as a penatty Munns2: Bright Mean.c 1 . Untruth
He got a tine for speeding, (D The windows let in a (D He told a lie about taking the
2: Goad lot of light
Meanine 2 : Recline
ls a finedayfora
piclic.
(A Go and liedown forawhile.

oPNrN rcntM)sdi.Brrd.(5s46eo Hr
tr
METTORY MASTERYTHROUGH MII{D MAPS EITGIISH GRAMIIAR

IlenntaE I Displu), ni d ,xblit t)l

Ltednirg l: A pi..e of E.g. The loticcwasposrcd on the
h.ld nd tidb tagelhet
E.g.
^aLlb nail.d thc wood togethei to
Alihas
E.g. ThaI lamp pon was knocked
v.dtr,ig : 7 ht,tjl dt thL Lrl.l u /i
|'g. She likes ptrtline nailpolish

M.d"nts I To ||dlksl.ddilr nrd Vaairne I l srar olrkhnh

ti.g. A pnck ofwolvcs wcre see.
ltthtniLalb, i1 neP with dh! t
E.g. The lroops will nra,ch at dawn.
n'ming through lhe jurslo.
Ituui !: Tht n.nth lalI\in! V.anitq.l: P1t v, .|hin! inh u
l..httat\ trr! t)i\!ing ltril ..rtutiao /nt rlhstr at n.tins
lrci birhda) rs | \lrtu .
l.g. I nrust pack quickly lbr ny trip

hE I Stun i.t1 ld fur

E.g.Allthe studcnts are pEsenr lor the
E.g. Hc used abh'c per lo w ehis
Il.t rt! 2 Srrtll rkat rll0 utn,! l
h dJin.. .\tu ittlt tu, [.e. The childrer received many
^ta,rrtr.dxlr. Presert\ durln! ( hrisnnas
g Thr drnrcL k€eps thc

I I'ritrt r 4rlt\ it
u! l: Talt\lrn o l,xlolrnli E.e He wrs rianli,rg ane.nmnins up ii\.c
E g Th. rcr.lrcr is p.tlcrt trilh her slldenls
,Vunnr{ a: Srrr rn. rh t.t rtr r\ ruikj
a g. Jlis purs does not nialch
L g lli.l patienl ha\ h.cr trcatcd

itlt\t lr< I I lo,Lntr
L.g. Sus.n has a pel twlle
tlt\ til)! :. T) tnntlt r. !lr
L.g. Ilcr htncr pclled he. on thc
hcad os shc did w.llin hcr sludies
{
ha: tt stent ledrc! anLl hrrs
unr dl I I The plarls in M.ry s sarden arc govi
lbL t !) 1,tiLlirs. tttutl, c,t dnd
ft\har\ tl ut jtinit1tnrl
E.s llc sorks ir thc chemical

t.g Ali*on ihc tcDnjs malch.

Med ing l: Mdke onu's r\L\ 1t"8 ) 1;ir \tik /itt Ir<hirr: litl
F-.9 Shc u\cd a nrarch to l1gh11he
candle on lhe cdke.
l1.9. They li!e in the ci1y. E.g. The cled up rnied

E.g. There is a lj\ e Mu"in! 2:lb thtu\ .r

chicken in the kirchen.
E.e.l he slide was p@icctcd

meanrnE. srate rhe meafinesofeach Md,

155 .!fNr Neuroi(MrSd shd 1554ljs0Hl

 MEMORY MASTERY THiOUCH MII{D MAPS EIIGLISH GRAMMAR
@#,ffiq.$-i
d :e:if i
E ri
! *t'! f
- b 5: " I E

s
a !i€l:E i
Et-a;i-!
s s : Ei5!l;!H
;I-s-!!iI
:! h s E
n*
goiNoj .
! z
€ ,E
E E
e is * E
* * ;'r'r
-!l

e : at
z=
s 69 ! ,i
6.

I* e i I
Ll

3; :' - =
F
ztrl
Q .E
.E -g
E
*
F L
E* :
*F E
€ "t, E sr'

:s\
g,
E
;... 6
.:
F
t
3r i :
6
E
rij Fg o
<:E a
€
s
i; i
: $- .!s i.3
;,2': =
r* p :
': .i
b.r!
c i9 iFt 6 !. !l
! "r' * Li

i 6
P €
S€. g -'
-]s
F il
E
FS
E
I
E .g
.E

I
:
€
:3

F
!. F
F d sF rtfi
* Fl E: i::A
"4; . E€' e
H ii i:::
5 ! q:
E iE =.=;
rr :E:'eEr
" €F t..
o PNrNeurcn (M) Sdn 8hd 1s54690 Hl t56
 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAITIIIAR
.27t,

"ias beaLttiut as the laDbow

r'Y frFJlr:Tl:rir
c.i,.a u*" *r-*" *-e
uy
"e
i1fil-rr-rTr.Tr:Er

as black as caal/soot
as bitler as gat/
as b/ird as a bar
cra as (8bs piasd., .Fral).
!D4qvhen the cacher e ercd. .uc!hhe(snDw)vhenhebs
,$
aseas/as as agtie as a Donl<ey
,4BclwrrkinA as a/lke as two peas
as Eentte as a davelanb

F
$y,w.t
#
as rast as a deerlha.e

as fierce as a tion/uger

as obstDate as 6 m!/e

ciF fr :::i::l::" E **-'"'

E r""r,."
u.
shaFas; rnre. L l

ilom 'r* tt|l,1lrllETl oo

F;"s"b."-"",h.,,,.b,. a
.frelitleg][wa5ashappyas

as sharp as a needtelrazat

ffi"-""- as slra€ht as an anow

as s/ow as a snailro4otse assLrefootedas a goat

as sDooth as grass/velyet
as swnr as a deer/harc/hawk

t *"*,,..,
v,
.

h; rf,t"ifr ,6 Im-lllfi',ll-tn'r

wooD when she p cked up rhe baby.

157
 MEMORY MASTERY TI{ROUGH MII{D MAPS EIIGLISII GRAMMAR tf"'f r-r

.^R .ffil;Hr"'_ " "r^;"i:"-""'" '

.tu!!casladabririt
',""'J:#;"",,I""
adfler ,. \)
. asactive'ilquicrsirver i'li:; : -
:1,:l;1;
. :i.1:::"."
4rn
rl!i,, . son
:;:. "n..
lddE,
'fj:ll:"": ,
asageless asthe
-,.=
--a roornair . asans'y_asawasp
asarriiir asa :: ;::J:. _ :i l,;l_,,". _
. as dead as
la.T.t",",
.aem'sld, .
.aem,sld. ' asoarh as a 0ungeon
dungeon Srasplopper ..n
cr;,,
as dark asa
r,"il-"il,J' ..6s6saf +::ry"* l{_Y.-_-,]
/--Vrtl
/--V.1.\
I I.
.. . 5.flie' _-.-.
asdeafasabeetre
::l::" ". , asdocite asa rsmb
--=-z-l
. -,
aselusive F .:
.. ,,,, ,,,,,,,,,;.; .
.[T:;:," .;;il;ffi;;;"asquicksike,r-..ij 'ascandidasmhrors j'1;".:"",:,:r"1._;1";;::":,""
b4e! wei wet h;n
hen . asempry
asempty asspace .. ascarctess
ascaretess asthewind
;lTl,,,- . ri.i,
..,i,Tl,,,- . as-enticrns as a puzzle
ii.i, m ," the . changeabte as the
puzzte . as changeable the ,":: j.i ,:il"j "
norizon
"" "t ^ as€xc[rngasa weatner . ,,_-_,-
-' ."","1
",.i "
-.. .. .r
, .

bddrapea@.kr -
\.-.bull-fight __/. aschasteasatity "!Jd'-.,- -\_
.,. r',,t'",. eli#*;. -" pr"1^ Y/' as.rickre as r ;?.**:-ir
. as, rmsyasgauz€ r ' .
. asbareasastone ,a . "" "ii""il,asa""Jbear I60q/
asctumsy \
. as bis as an ;rephani:- ' as curious as a fish . \ l '- 1"-'."1:I:9Y1111'1"111'."'
dayiisht I/ I
'. \ \ :. 1""11t1':,'-""Y1"-T:^*r'
. as bdghr as lln asftabbvasasponge
AJ,_*^*'":lTl-T-,_rl": ,/ /.asftarshasrruth
,/ . as hasty as fire
\.,.rffiiili,"**e
. astrestr as lewT
asgreear, as "-"."
,.".",.i., berry
uE,r' \\ t\ // .ashoarce raven' a-;fe-"-,-"
.;. il;;;: asa;,.""" roses. i....",.
.^",,".,, "",",.,",
--,-* "';fr*""xi_-U[l
.,ri"t,ren"ir"-""i"iiiirlliii,lu" *"rn
.-\\ ::iHlf,;t"T,",.'"';i1ir,1r'
' !-_,
b-utte lv.aslavislas
*
r",,i-"", \ \\ "".,1,
. as higt as heaven . asgenial
as saudv as a
as sunshine the moon
111.-19,1"1:41t""11e\t \ \\;i;fi;:il;> .
*lrossvasa'","
asc'oomyasnrc"t
. -iu*-'
;ij;;
::::::*31,"j""-":.t1"_*"
lenofantas a chiul ' as moumful as a gnve
l \ \ church
"
-z2-.aspureasatity
mouse \ .
as pooras a . u, r""niiu ir"r"ton
a1lmitativeasa \ ' as mudd,yas sheepdogs
echy' \ \ as-ij,iiir,""."rie"
liberal as lhe srn
Ionkq. \ as mrte,rious as an
\+! ..\
^ '/
. as punctua l as spdngtm\
_,,---() C\ \ \ \
ff"ll$:::ffi"9*'o, /*.*"'ffi,\\ \ \finru,ru;gg;*l*lN;j:ii*'"
immortatas the staA oanter

eitiedeepsea - 'r. prppet \\ \ /aiplumpasa

.sinnocentas .asaua.rutsome 'asobnoxiousas l\ \ / >. .,.- )
an afiieator
{mb -,.- as i weaser \.asoFaqueasthe
\pt: ll /I /V /,.-
./ -'>.
./.,' *,,.,"a *
""r,,".
skY /lI . as secure as gmve a
f | // .asseositive asa ftower
.,".iel#",",, a snile
. as rosf as arbride
. asstllbbom as a ln[le
. as resuess as the sea . as stinking . as neatas a nail
. as oatural as life

(asuflfeetingas
rccks
r as uffeal as a dream

./ . t as upright as a tower as noisl as the

aslide as hope
. as ratcnful as a hawk . as unstead) as lhe
a leacock
. as Batetul as a hen
. as rise as an O!vl- - .arviolentdsasrD
. a5 riless af,a iackdaw
agweakas a babyla kitten/
.as vutgar as noneq
.rsvigilantasttesiars
!ir
wet as a fish
/
:rrsvenonous
--ft- astraEb/
-','
'ts_ 6 a cddla
rAs_ * a enw
corcdrhe* s0romds tdaiShg|re 0ided nedwo'ds.
r the $rdie' sr@d 6 imietrr as a !!@1.
.As-isaircn 3. Mygmdralher s6w$A:]!4
.As-*:lmb
.As-tratr€cio 5. These mangoes a.e s sveer as !q!.
. A! as a nouse .As asgor(r
6.Thcbeeg ksri!ngryasaru
7.nr6ep ..s:re3s[eaq*aro!!!!9.
-
oPNr Neum(Mt sdi.3M.(5546e0 Ht $a
--
MEMORY MASIERY THR-OIIGH MIID MAPS EX'ii; GRAiI AR

4: rrfilr tT:ln

as d-o:.eit!! asa thc devit

as ELead as a herrins
asLba:llul as a schoot
girl
a3b!ac!las a srartess
danserous as machine
night
as[ble!!!,tas.o empty
bottle astbeallit!,lla3
':::,/ F. .r or a chird
fidior.s * i'tl"* *.ta
mihd El$*
as bigas a whate
as biglas ar elephad . "lcmv^- *.i steiah be s
bitl€rasheml@k:
.8 hitterla3 ;i
)\ .__-_. - r-,
s fmilarlas an
asrcalmlas a-

/a"r'.i.vr* . .*t.'ll
as iai!'my as rhe ddil
Zas taeiousras
as hltas pepper
as gEtinglq as a pis as centlelas

as lively as a
tnowinslas thc
crictct
asjonary as.he

.slovli's a

as natqt as a peeted

as 4?:!ici9!Ela. saran
as qu'!!hs a asEleelda! a dove
as yellok as a sutphu;
as meek a3 a Dolse
as yellow as jaundic€ asbod6t as Drir
aste€d&llas.h€ sun

aslzigzag as lightning as nimbid as a lizard

as pd9 as dearh
a peeeful e

as! ta3sr'r
?1 leC as a .he y as uliveEellas
llcht ur*
fl'*.+ as Li,Elglas lrrqity
V.G
$e,
I PN N"no, M sLrn Bhd.rs546ecN)
 tfr.,,"^ -{Ir
L':: *i" IIIEIIIORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS EI{CLISH GRAMMAR

'I
-..{ I-
r^llr-'i
, 9
9
i t !
E
E i .si[*
I
6
-:d
ET: !\ ;
3

!++!i_\
=gee9t --\
=ts6!,
i=:ri
:\ .=i3
AEEEi*_
cccE.t,
:"'il;i !g!
, _l
.9
;
i \:;5d 3:
(I
i! l!i!: i
E

7 %*-!.iti E .-tl *
e

\ tr{ -\-, E E
E
Y
!rG J
(D
r'E
:;
t;
EE 2
|a
t
i! eb Ul
;\ E
q. EE #\ \ J
:e r - r4,-
> g-e i ! €, :- s. E

9
E
E
E

ii liz '
E
.7
g /'
J;**iii'
i!Eii;:ii'//7
|a

.E E
ii .
3
i'3l -7/
= ::-- , :,./,/
//
\
I

N
\\.
er [I -^ I /4 \
.9 -."i: : ,/l ;.-l
+r-*'
t;
I
E
--A"E',
z \$;! ! qrc I

a;:
E e \'e*=.E{-e-ei /
R -e-uE=rl
E

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i,
--
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' :"./
o Prr NeuroniMisdn 3hd L5a469oHl
a-

IIEIIORY IASTERY THROUGH MIIID IIAPS ENGUSII GRITMIIAR

a
.He . Td glve the
(stupid) ; shoulde. (lreat coldy)i
apes (imitates) his
betters; '(erpr*s triunph);
She was the apple of his eye . She's a cai lspitetul);
{his dallins) ; A chicken - hearted
rusty feuow {il
. His fortunes

To look blue (disnal); china shop (a rouah to Aot tei's

. she is a bookwormi person among tragile and crcss the t's . He is playing
He bottled l|p his teel lhinss); (sive precis€
. You're a bdck (stron& . Blood - thirsty (crue . Drum lt into with edsed tool
b) and eacer to take a dangerous lhi
llepeat and
They buftered him up repeat);

. He is tishing lor
..i Don't ptay th6 goat
To tin the llames ( great care ol);
f- (take \ (be have toolbhliy);
excitement or emotionl; . To hound someone (to
. This is alishy brciness h nt him or worry him rut enolgy into itl;
continually) . lt has all sone to
. {dishonest)
He was forins . He was hand in glove pot (ruin);
-q5 with the robbers (closely ; To spin a yarn
{tcll a
storyl;
. To spur on {ulgel;
. To save one's neck (to
. A knotty problem . escape the results ot beinF
A windlall (unexpected
ldifficult to solve); cain)
. To woll something

' He is a regular
. Don't monkey about with
{a depressine it
(play tricks);
@ul . mine ol infolmation;

(crushed by);
. lt is add plain sailins
. He is on rhe shell lin
(ea3y);
. To put the lld on (put on en
retirement)
. They are on the rocks to);
Palm it ofl on him lsive lt
(ruinedl;
. On one's toes lalert, to him by a trickl
. Prt some pepper into it
lor action)r -.t

&".*"..,.-

o PNrNeuon (M)Sdn Ehd.(554690 B)

 \1?v-?
gEW ,/t
::;-* : ;.1":.jlfflj:sin.rerurntoaquesrio. #ffi9
:[" ll
- :ff1j,1ffi"";il?'1,"',**-***, I I
!I:;:1- : :ff::;fl,','";1111'i11",*
explain - ",,," tl]l
clear
to explain th€ mearing or malc a meaning , .\
crumble - complain or speak in a bad-temDered way
msmble - speak softly and in an unclear way
mutter - speak in a low and solt voice (usually to show displeasurel
plead - make earnest request
reply - answer
shout - speak ve.y loudly
sputter - speak very fast out ol anser or disbeliel
stammer - speak with parses
rPFdrvcrvloru'ror
whisper - speak very soltly for lear or beins heard

&{H3m€
h.r\"..-'*" 6l

ffi *m t
lrance _aquiiiroor<[nitran r
intention-to see)
glare - angry or lierce look H
E.
E
:r. .;*i,,."i:#m.'**?.
illi.n _;:il:a.lHlJffi"ifl;reau,arsreps
or equat tens-rh
watk _ sith stow o. reeutar sreps
slimpse - brief look (ryithout an ptod - *.ir. *"-.iirv *it..r *.tr,e
intention to seel prowt - move"i"*ri,
quickty and cauriously
goggle - stare at with su;prise R ranrltc - walll f;r pte;sure rirh no speciat
look - turn the eyes in some t desrination
direction/to see - $alviravel without aim or destination
Jgle - look at lonsinBly lr
peeo - short quick look taken T slnrlflc - ealk without raisins the leet properlv
sec.e.v
out ot curiosity or

Fe€r - Iook closely as il unable A

."",- -!T1""J.il"iff::g'liiiii':i:5:"1,.
Lt oo,".i r.no* or on"'! p.""""."
to see well O stihr, - put (one s roorl down heavity on the
\qui l - look hastily and sideways R sround
stare - look steadily with wide " D stride - walk wilh lons steps
open eyes stroll - walk slowlv and leisurelv
wai.h _ took at ,I \lrtrt - watk stiftty in a prold or vain manner
toddle - walk with small unsteady steps like a
N young child
trarnp - walk with heavy steps
y trot - run .lowly and steadily especially sith
o ",""",,..,
1. rhe boy(sta'ed, ean.ed) ar lhe beautirulsdv
il
E
-"** -iL'Jiiiili"*,"*.n"*..0..,.
direction

tl
...].L
It.-oDruxrsci?l I

G rre'e.." man) 4o ds w L
H nd-"r' o{ rr.c^ e npdn,rc.
; f:TlET-rirfir r llower
""e @ o;,"e ".prc.",
1ilff;:il"J3,,'*'
rh.$dh ddFo4h.rardornftac-nqrl
e
L
-"*1""i11""-\
,
J
A'

i \rr u{ i rr,r i hirr,ir! 1 i7g!1l4a1i I ;4

1
i,iO * tUU,i, lM,r,,l,,{, ih,h,r+, d, i
I PNrNe iu LM)Sdn Shd 1.54h Bl 162
 MEI||ORY MASTE IY IHROUGH IND MAPS EIIGIISH GR/TMMAR

PREFIX SUFFIX

anger, iill,
high,lovlng,
entry,Ift, young
injury ire

&hsf"ri"E@
movable, eatable, incredib e
avert, abnormal, abstracr being
adhere, accept, arrive
ant€cedent. anteroom
b cycle, bisect, biscuit acceptance, existence

comparlson, competit on, company little satchel, droplei, kltchenette

against contrary, contrad ction
depress, descend, describe
d fierent, disagree, disappear
exhale, export, extract
for€cast, forenoon, foretei, foresee
impo.t, include, nbu t
incapab e, inhuman. ncorrect
international, nterrupt, nierla
wong mlsdeed, nrisjudge, rn sbehave
gardener, eng neer, furier
goddess. prlncess, waitress
ry glorry, pur fy, s mpliry
little
careless, arm ess, merciress
merriment, enjoyment
belng
domitory, factory laboratory
ramous, g orious, wondrous

postpone, postscr pt, post war

predict, prepare, pre-war
retake, return, retrace
transfer, transport, transpose
unfit, unknown, unpaid, unsafe
A root word is a word in its basic
simple torm. A word may be built up
or have its meanint changed by an
addition atlheleginning (prelix) or

'/':-1,X) '
tG)
absenr )'-liDy
absence -{,/ou* :7i*,.*
abu.danr !b!dac9l: oec*t-aicen"y
/ . ec. b I n",s\ J deeo aeo I

;;ii;,.
"nc, ;;,';iyljl{;'ff;""",
onBd.

.",.,"@l
fifu faithl'\
fairhrulness \. Cad
fa gtadness
eood ioodness
Tamous- rame
Tar rdtn€5s \ \ irea
e6nd irandeur
fedil€ fe'L rt! \ t
roolsh rool5hness bol h ah - he eht
T Trness / nDt horness
nl r.ag6nce / honesr honesty

TORIIING NOIIilS MOM ADITCIIWS

163 o PNr Neurcn 1Mt Sdn Bhd 15546S0 Hl

 IIIEMOBY MASTERY TIIROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

The opposites ol some words are

ed by addins the prelix, changin
he prelix and changing the sul{ix.

D G raceful - Disgraceful
Acceptable - llnacceptable

/ \ \ o Guarded. Unguard€d
G rateful - U ngrateful

&
I
atta ina lte - U nattainable .0
Attractive - u nattractive {Cj4EMoRYrEsr
AttentiYe - lnattentive,/ t[
I
DS Healthy- Unhealthy
Happy- unhappy
@
coming Unbecoming Harmony- Disharmony I
Honest- Dishonest I
o etul
p' Hopeless

P lmaginable'Unim
ad6d.unchansed *.,/
rrect.-lncorect 1'-. o lnvited - Uninvited
ludged - M isjudged

Comparable - lncompara
s lust-Uniust
T
Cut- Uncut @ xino - unr,ina
T
Do'Undo a
;{Defeated. undefeated s rned - Unlearned
Legal-illegal
Dependent- lndependent
ipline - lndiscipli o l-awful- Unlav,ful
Llke - Dislike
lvlanaged
F loveable - Unlovable

tqtral- Unequal \t s ence - lmpati

Erpensive - lnelpensive
Eeeri€nce - lnexpe ence
Ending-Unending
Encou rage - Discourage
El(clude-lnclude
intu o Placed-lvlisplac€d
Polite-lmpolite
m Popular- Unpopular
E Pleasant - Unpleasant

rt-l
w Satisf ied - Dissatisf ied
o Seen - lJnseen
Support€d lJnsupported
Familiar- Unfamiliar
R
Fit - Unflt
Forgettable - unf orgettable Fire - M D
Falling- unfailing
Fe*ile-lnfe{ile s
Falthful - Unfaithful

o PNrNemo lM)sd 3hd F546s0 B)

.-

Is.$,:iW"QSSWSBJ
d&@;"1
absorb - absorption
admire - admiration
collect - collection d€parr - d€parlure
amuse - a us€m€nt competc - competition describe - description
appear - appearance hehava - hehavidur
conclude - conclusion
confuse - contusion
appoint - appointment co..ect - correction

O,.r--
.\ sive - aift
exDlain - explanatior
imaaine - imasination lly - flisht
inlorm - inlormation
o..+
llke - liking

o6 presper - prosp€rity occupy - occupation

protect - protection

"".-*?"F"-/
girlish / Ol
girl - habir habiruat
glory-slorious ' -
- harfr barhtut
/.- O',E -\\{lW_ /I O ii!li-r,.r
beautv
hiht.
--bealrilul
: hihti.,l -. ";li!o-""d""
- - laithlul
"ru."r"t
-
faith
fame - tamous
heiaht
- heroic
hero
hiah

, boy - boyish i -- .\ rather - tarherly horror - horr

\ brearh _ brearhtess _r \ tautr - tautry

n."' ;;.-,1d",. ",,**9=,1*"

---;- -
accidenr "gi,"-.""T-,."9,::,.
- accidentat centre

-'-
O .,, :#i:::';,:,1"',:,
F_ l_,."g.,.:**\
* t=*tt'.'
l[l,,tiix',"**'"
Zi-*==.- \ { oJt,*t O
j.irrirrr.y - parieie
"
union - unit€d
=
O '&_ 1e'1-'"r-,",F\
r) v:liry-vajn \
\ \\srar:H',li"," il:Lia;:1".u,";j:1"'
- srarry music-musicar:peacerur
..,,.9.T,;."'",.?;:f:1iT:""i\'.-"..." i:,:[""*n
$t'l"l'"x:1ff
year - yeafly
youth -youns
1,"*'-*P7.,,,.--{ffi
wisdod - *is;
lwood -wooden
_ F_-,.-
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 fA ,q txh"Fl"
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ORY MASTERY T'IROUGH MIND M/TPs ENGLISII GRAMMAE
-)6,,{'{il&"#i:)

o
cerrain - ascertain

lisht - lighten

D smooih - smoothen
J
E solemn - solemnize
c
T strong - strenethen
I
E
s
,l

ciiculation - circulat6
dirt - diriy

brisht - brighten compary - accompany

cohp€tition - comoete
composition - compose education
courage - encourase - educate
endu16nce - endure
custom - accrstom

iustice -
\ "=7-
oiustity {
@'..,
illustration - illustrate gold - sild
\ imitation - imitate

@.
nation
@fi.
- nationali:e
o
srle - rell
- sherve y rD4b
v iF ,l

o@
O*ttr,
sr€rr
o&.
suspicion - sqsp€ct
sympathy - sympath
oPNlNeurcniMlSdn 8hd i5546!. tsl
 lJ.'D MEMORYMASTERY TI{ROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GII5H GRAMMAR
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 tur.--T
E kceptions to rule 5: -\\
a7.-/ Double the last
consonant that follows 6 rr woras are compounaea. \\ \
keep the last c
. The word isone syllable
chop-chopping, mop -moppe
E (B tne + some = ti,esome

o
. The word has morethan
R
on€ syllable and is accent€d
f a word ends in c, add
(D forget + ins = foqettins
I a k before a suflix
beginnins with e, lor y
P @ Colic-coticky
E
L
L
.
ouble the consonant if : I '
tds en.linq in -ly, -el a
Words endingin.el normallydoublethe
(B
sutfixbegins aith consonant
The
sudden.suddenry
N (D t'aver, thverrer
. The accentdoes nol fall on th . Fulldrop the lqhen it is atthe end of

1. Pretues wiicrr giw a Nd a 0sgarrve o.

8ur. .-nfiif,ry *-a. *oi"-e i-;ii3'e e6\

drop an / when it is partofthe word-< '

@ skiltul,wilful
(, tr e.g efircedr ' h.trrcreit
(v)iL e.c. respomrb e i'Apom bb Words ending in ./ydo notdrcn p
. ll a sufin statingwith a vowel is
added to a word ending in silenl e,
preceded bya consonant, drop the last e
(i)abie s addedtamdbme abk
!ove -lovabl€, believe -beli€vable s ($ r'"rr.
(ii) rn .chmgesno s inro adiediE
@r"**.
(iii) ly .hansA adFcrws iih adE hs adding cr(D child

o PNrN€mM 1M)sdn 3hd 15546e0 Ht t6a

 fi:i.#W"W@#ffiHr
baker- one rho make3 caipenler- one who
trho acts or perlorms
agent- one yho acts
tor another in business clerk- one efto keels
artist- on€ who drass barber- one who culs records and account3,
and shaves lhe hair ot typca ard does oth€t
0ecuPAftoNs

tarmer - one who om5

and works in a rarm
-@ -@
tlsherman- one who mairiains machin6.
studies rocks and soils
Ibhmonser- one who electrician - one eho is inv€sttgates and solves
expert in letting up,
florist- on€ who sells ' controllina and repairing driver- one who drives
electrical equipment

fiawker- one who sells

things along the strcet
headnistress- person
in charsc of a 3chool
bclow th€ police chiel
invigil6tor- one who
watches over students
-@ labourer- one wbo doe5
jockey- one yho rides
a horse in horse races
sDeaks many languages
nakes and mends l@ks

lrldt-
aoroplane
one eto RIes an
-@
minists-the head 61,
governmed deDartment
Porrer- on€ who ca.ries mirer-on€ sho eorks
lry€igc for travollers
(henE duc{€. €tc)
dlseas€s and defe.t.
ffi nulician - one who is

--€'
scientist - ao expert in tailor-
-@
on€ who makeg
-@
0ndertaker- one who
seamstress- a wohan trader- one who dooi Iumral arranged€nts
yz
Y
;l(
stevedore- a man who
loads and unloads ships
shepher.l- a man who ,Jl

-o ffi* t+{Fi.:.-

wait€r/waitress - one
who *rv* oth€rs at
table. in a resraurants
warden - one sho lakes

\l
o PNrNeurci (M)sdn. Bhd 15546e0H] 17(,
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L*$ I MEMORY IIIAS'ERY IHSOUGH MIIID IIIAPS EI{GLISd GiAMMAR

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 All creaiures make sounds and move in a fashion peculiar to their soecies.
Their oulstanding characteristics are described by the common adj;ctives,

SOUNDS ANO MATt0fit5

GE Tl'll
ape pic gibbers grunls ungainly tat/lazy
rabbit timid
glides horrid
bull
bird slealth flies
stolid
bells thieving
dog curlew Ilits laithtul
obstinate waddling
ponderous malestic
f.og hen clammy domestic
neighs sinss gallops g€ntle
flits gallant
lamb cunring little
seasult frisks glides g€ntle tireless
lion sparrow chirps flits tawny little
monkey swallow climbs agile swift
lurkey sobbles timid plump
talks average homely
souNos (MA,E 8y 0EJECTS)
Things Things

bells clans/ peal/tins

kettle sings

rings
clinks silk
skirts
engine

patter/shuffle
glass tinklcs
gun
hinge
sighs

- IrfiIl,Ttlfsr ': c[tJMTT]I-l

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o PN Neurc.1Mtsdi. Bhd. (5546eo H)
 O A pelsonwho blanes somethi.gorsomeone etse for
- $methhg he has not done properly hlmselt.
I To nlss som€one when the person is no lonserrcar.
O Somethlng one ahe.dy has is betterthan somethlngone
g- A frlend who helps when one ls h touble ls a real ftlend.
ls not 3ure ol getting.

I Eatlng an appl€ a day ls good lor health.

6Apelsonwho often changes hisjob or neversettles ln
one Dlacewil, not succeed in life,

;6
o Barklng dogs seldom blte. 0 Peoplewho make loud threats seldom carrythem out.
d aetter latethan never. O Although delayed,lt ls stlllbetterto do somethingthan
not to do ltatall.
€, Birds of a f eather f lock togetier. {i People who arc similar in character or have the same
_ interestsgettogether.
6 alood ls thlckerthan waier. S Ite ties of rclationship are very strone,

O charlty begins at home.

q
4 A person'sfi6t duty is tothe menbers ofhisfamily.
cut your coat accordlng to your clott. Llvc wlthln your income.

ts Don t ca y all your egAs ln one baskel. B Don't skeverythingyou haveinonevetrture.

O Dead men tellnotales. O A pe6onwho is tro longer alive willnot be able to reveal

lJltl 6 Don't colntyourchickens beforc they

ib Don'tjrdge a book by its eover.

€ Don't be too hoperul ofyour chances ofsuccess.

OYou cannotjudge a peFon orthing by ftis/lts outrvads

O Don't nake a mountain outofa molehlll. P Don t exassehle a small thins into somethingbie.
(! Don'twash dlrty llnen ln public. !D Donotreveal a Derson slamilvsecrets toothers.
[*

Q
.I' ee ratr to eue'yon", toyourenemy.
God helpthosewho help themselves. we have lo make an "u"n
efiort if we want to succeed ln

Good wine needs no advertisement. 4 A good thing does not ne€d to be talked about.
Greatmindsthinkalike. ? Two Deople having the same idea or opinion.
Great oaks frcm llttle aconsgrow. € Great inventions beEln frcm small ideas or drcams.
Greattalke6 are little doers. ?3 Those rho talk a lot seldon do what ttey say.

€ H.blt ls second nature. € When we make a habit ofdolng sonething, it b€comes

, part olour characler,
Hatt a loafis betterlhan ro bread. 'F ltls hetter to
have at least sonelhlnt than nolhins at all.
E lle laug]s best who laugns last. AA person who does his best getr the grcatests.tisf.ction
He who nesltates ls lo st. 4A pe6on sto can't act decislvelywllllall.
6 Hk bark isworsethan his bite. € Refers to a pelson who ls bad-l€mpered, but not

€ Hls b.€ad ls buttered on bothsldes. ? one who haseterythlngin his favoui

Honesty isthe best policy. gOne should alsays be honest.
.5 Hrnger isthe bestsalce. ?'When we are hungry, any food is tasq.

o PNi Neurcn (Ml Sdn. Bhd. 1

 IIIEiIORY MASTERY IHROUGH MIND MAPS EI{GI"ISH GMMMAR
I"WffiW
.! rettlngsoneone to acceptthe commenr made abouthtm.
fi lf you tollos someone s erample, it means that you adntE
, hln.
t Problems do not come singty but theyseem to come to$Uror.
E ltis n€vertoo late lo corect one s mistales,
I lt's u3eress regrettins a mistare thatc.nnot be correctod.
'! Whon a quarcr sta{s, both sid€smostraie tftehtane.

6lack ofall trad€s but masterof O A person who knows a little ofeveDthiigbut is not an
expe{ in an}thing

Xill two birdswith one slone. Achieve two oblectives by doingonlyonetfting.

lhe nore a person knows, the grcaterts hts po$er.

?) Let bygones be bygones. lb Forgive and rorget the past.

dt Let notthe potcall the kettle € onewho sees the fault itr others but does not reatise that
. he hasthe same lault,
e Lersbeping dogs tie. ? Avoid dlscussingunpleasant matters thaiare ovei
(b listeners hearno good of {ts Oneuho eavesdrops on people's conversationswon,t
. hear ar!thinggood about himsell.
tr Look beforeyo! leae. € Always be sure before you do something.

;-
1i Make hay uhile the sun shines.
O Many ln haste, repentatleisure.
(El Many hands make lightworks.
C! More haste, less speed.
6 Make use of the oppodunity when it is therc.
& Do somethirg ln a hutry blt tater regr€t it.
O Work is easier when there are more people to do it.
qt The more you huny, the less you progress.

Necesslty is the nother of lnvention. q When one is in greatneed ofsomething, ftewitlfind a way

e) ileverdo things by tarves. e Don't do a thingincompletely.

e Neve.put offtill tomorow what can € Do nol procrastinate or postpone doing things.

3 New brooms sweep clean. OA pe6on newly appointed to a postusuattystarts otf by

. beingveryhardworking.
6 No news is good news. S when tftere is no news about sonething, it is tiftetythat
. everything
p*;r"
is all dght.
e Nosnoke withoutfire. *q ;"iiali"i-.ethins ir it is nottrue.
O Nothiogventured, norhing gatned. lfvor "ir-rl try. vou
don wlllnotsucceed.

S once bltt€n twice shy. fi Onc€ape6on hasbeen trickedorhult, he $tttrtmys

S one eood tun deseru€s another p Ary help or good deed should always be rep.id.
O one nan's meat is anotherman,s 4n Not all people like the same thines.
dl bne swattow aoes not nare a A You cannotlngde a person ortnlng by one pohtatono.

? Opportunity knocls butonce. €) A good oppo*lnitycomes orce ir a tifetrme.

€ Out ofsisht, out or nind. f We nay toEet peopre whom we do not see often.
t3 out otthe fryingDan into the tlre. !A Frcm one bad situation to anotherthat ls worse.
 'b PEctice makes pe ect.
& Preventlon ls betterthan curc. & t ls better to preventsomethingfrcn happeningthan to l€t
,il . lthappenandthenlrytosolve lt.
Pride goes before a tall. ? A percon's p de witl orten cause him to lall into disgrace.
b Romewas not builtin a day.
/!) Robbing Peterto pay Paul.
Setathielto.at.h a thief-
Sloward 3teadywins the race.
A Sparethe rod and spollthechlld.
di stillwateF run deep.
rb Stdke wtllethe hon is hot.
E Take the bull by lts hons.
@ Tte early bird catches the worm.
Ite gEss is always grceneron the
6 Ttere's manv a slip between the cup
p 'Ihere's safev in nudbers.
rlir Ihose who live ln glass hous€s should
Time and tide wait for no mar.
@ To be bom with a silve.spoon ln the
To err is human to forgive is divine.
To look for a needle in a haystack.
Too nany cooks spollthe broth.
tc) To put the cart before the horse.
I to tuln over a new leaf.
,i unity is strength
AWhen the cat's away, the mlce
will play.
S where there's a wlll,there'sa
ar PN Ne!ron 1M)sdn.3hd.l5546s0 Hl
ts lhc morc olten we do a thins, the better we becone at it.
& cr"rt tt ing" tut" u tong tlme to achieve.
B Taklnglrom one person to payanother
A criminalisthe best person to catch another criminal.
lfone does a thingslowly and carcfully, one trill dellnltely
{b lf a child ls not punished when he does wrong, he will gloB
!b RefeF to a person who does not dlsphy nls feellrgs or
{A Make use ofa goorl opDonunity.
To face a situ.tlon hravely.
Aperson who ls earlygetswhat he wants.
Arother Derson's situation always looks better
although itmay not necessarily be so,
Tft ings may easily go wrong berore sonethlng is
It ls safer to go about in a large group.
People who are notfreefrom blame should not
One should never waste tlme. once it is gone, it is
To be bom into a rich family.
e ltls tuman to do wrong but only a grea!person will
. forglve ttrewongdone to him.
gl To lookforsmall items among a mass ofotherthingF.
!9 when too many people do a thingtheyspolllt.
qO Io dothlngs ln thewongorder
& Io change for the better.
€p We arestrongerwhen we are unlted.
S People will neglect their work when the p€rson
in charge is notthere towatch overthem.
S When one reallywants to do something, one wlll
find a way to do it.
 ,,ffi-."o"t im",,"i
"o.;;"t
t;nouJx mrno mriTini-r-rsi cmmrum {4|!ti!hd -;!ir
,: \

/ Accept / Except ,,..,, l:nlif"."

''
-'
,". I 11.',
;;'. o

/ . she accept€d tfte \ ""#",-'^:^:;:'

I prize. \ Eirtr
";;' a
Gfe
Adapt / Adopt
\ . Everylue was there ":i;',ii,;1i"""'€-''
I ** "
s'
\ except for Maz. /ih'E mr..{'
-rrlliffi
\ t,-
.6m*.. :i":j,!:rr";,:"1",:;"i"., ...,
:-;l;.:1li;

sna,ba\_.i;;;;;;"
adopr€drh€ _ arrect the i :ilj::r":'"pl ,:.::":::.;
-'\--- ;il;;J-' \-\vironmenr. / :*.;.*ii;"""::^:j:;:;.:".11
I or seat s. . The medicin€ has I .
"" ",,."","";;.;,"
Amount / Number a strong eifecr . / liEltlt4r-ll,tr om q -"
. The amount dl water . The .at is beside
is enoush ror the soup.
There is a hug€ number
J\ ei. .T tr" tunr".
. Do you like any other
. Suzi is standing

. She is amonC the .l will lend you

. He is the principal the magazin

Rise Raise . lt is his principle to Deny / R€tuse

treatdthers with
,*{r He denied havins

She refused to sive

.-tHotd drrine
quite right. \our vication.
. I live in . Sam does his work
Malaysia.
sit/sei (
l
Good / Well
. He sei the plates
&lat€,/ kr*, . He did well in
. He was tate ,,4he exams.
€! r!l)
He taid the _ . Have
Hav€ you seen
s€ good game ot
ctolh on lH{ a Sam lately?
table.
She is lying

5 years.
. He had been workins, . fi';::,,"];

oPN N mnlM)Sdn Bi t5546eo H)

 MEMORY MASTERY THfiOUGH MII{D MAPS EI{GLISH GRAIIIMAR

O The teacher save her students some The teacher gave her students some
good @tEq. good Edv-nd.

e) Could you advi€that naushty boy? e) could you @that naushty boy?
G) The national badminror t€am rhe naiional badminton team lelaEEtd I
every day for tfte competition. every day lor the competiiion.-

@ tr-rartisel makes perf ect. (! lFracticel mar<es perrecr.

o The boy does not have a drivingliEtnaell
O The boy does not have a drivinglilceni6l,
(e) rte stop isftticenci-lto sel tood and G) rhe shop isliic€nsedlto sel tood and
drinks only. drinks only.
@ rhe scientists hav€ found a new@A O The scientlsts have tound a new@
to detect new planets. to d€tect trew planeis.

G) The eovernment wants toldevicdways

@ The sovernment wants toldeviiel ways
ot reducing traflic accidents in the of redrcine traffic accidents in rhe

!9 The lawyer tried to Eloot the man Buitty

G) rhe lawyer tried ro Frnrqrhe man
suilty of murder.

@ rnere is no rywqttrat ati€ns exisi. (! rtere is no@ttat atiens exisr.

(!j
h was a@ro have tinished aI the qt lt was a FClieilto have finished a[ rhe

€, rhe suard came ro@!his padner @ The cuard came to Eiitdhis partner
lrom duty. lrom duty.
@t@lisstory. @ tl6aiEvelris story.
(g The patient has grear h-;tiev;lin her Gj The patiert has greatlbelieilin trer

@ The teacher read rhe srorylilioweal. (9 The teacher read tte storymd.

@ Food and drinks are not @in the @ Food and drinks are noiE oryealin rh€
shop.
@ she used ftbweito make hei cakes. @ *e usea @to make her cakes.
I
€3 May likes to decorate her room with @ ay likes to decoraie her rooln with
Fro;G.
@ rhe schoot was[itnntiitopen€d by rh€ (r9 rhe school wasliormrltopened by rhe
Minister of Education. - Minister of Educatio;. t

@ My uncle wasl@;Iqa piror. q) My uncre wasFamail, a pitot.

{Zi I canEeadsomcone knocking on the qt I canE someone knockins on rhe

€i l@wlshe *"utd come ror the party. a3 I@sl'e would come for the party.
€3lon' bousht a@lbook rrom rhe shop. @ Tom bousht a @book trom the shop.

arFNrNetrnniM)sdn Brr 1554690.F)

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISII GRAMMAN

The manager gave the stafi

IiL!.S Q) rhe manager save the siaff
some[,vo-iRllo do durins the weekend.
somel6;FClto do durins ihe weekend.
@mr lim is a supervisor at the water
Mr Um is a supervisor at rhe water@. lttrkt.
He is lhinking of openins a lranchisefF6i. He is thinkins ol openins a lranchise

was offeied a [Ei5F;Glas a Siva was otreled a@as a ma*etins

mark6tlng manager. manager.
OThe teach€r .eminded ihe pa.enl that dlc OTho teachglremindcd the parent that
schod@ is due. thc achool fee is due.
The plane E to that island is RMI5O The plane@to that island is RM15o
o[ly. only.

,Yo! n6€d to payledfriFai;6lto 6nt6r You need to paylarimiisionlto enter

that aoll club. that golt club.
9The publlc is nol allowed 6iF;EGio;lto tho @Th€ public is not allowealaamitGncelto
party, the party,
9 lothFr ope'led the windows lo l€t in Mothel opened the windows to let in
SOme poen arr.

@ The restaurant's liiiiFiii concept at The r€staurant's lop€ n ai' concept

its cuslomerc to enioy ihe natural scen allows its customers to enjoy the
@ lhe fi.e caused a tot otlaimieealto the naturalscenery.
€t rhe lire caused a lot oltr-;mttdto
(? lhe court awarded RM2O,OOO in
to lhe viclim. @ The court awarded RM2o,ooo
in damages to the victim.
He took a lot ol Fate-slwith him
He took a lot olltatetlwith him when
(4 My g.andfather wears a pair oI thick
rcE;t. @ My srandlather wears a pail of thick
Ct MyErinclpailin lire is to be honest and
C9 Frffiq'n",s to be honest

@ rmttrin"ipld or lllv is very

stlicl. "chool TheFntciF;lor my school is very

Puan .{ora is a very good [t;;Gi . (, Puan t{ora is a very sood @.

@ They just bourht a new@fron the 69 rhey just bousht a newFor-efitrom

@ thosemomaq have just been built, Thosel hau;talhave just been built.
@ Pbase mak6 yoursell led atlhouid. €D ptease mare voursell leel at[h;;;1.
6D We oreanised a special dinner lor our (2t We o.sanised a special dinrel lor ou
- lather on [FatheEl Days. lather on Fatheas Days.
$/b celebraled Teach€r'slDay a few We cel€braied Teachers' Day a Iew
days ago,

@ Stealing is a very bad EusTorni . @ Sr€alins is a v€ry bad[-abitl,

€4 ft is a@hr us to serve tea @ tt is a[ustomltor us to serve tea to

@ The car bloke down in thelcentielot @ The car broke down in the[r-oarelol
the stroet. the street,
@ Can you see ttelmiaatelot ttat @ Can you see theFeniidof that
plcture? picture?
@ ttrant you ror yo". ltrostitit] . €, rhank you ror yourtffispiGiilt.

o PNr Neu@n (M) sdi Bhd. 15541re0 r)

 Mf,MORY MASIERY THROUGH MII{D MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Owrile a conposition ol notErhan 2oo O write a cofrposirion of not@drhan

words.
@can I haYe@3ugar in my cup ot C @ can I haveEdsucar in my cup ot corree
colfee this tim€?
rh€ price or this house is@iE" o
O
(:, The toll charse o. this road islettendG.
- lll . _O rhe pri.e or rhis house
(4) rh€ ror charse on this road
is[94
is@].
M
/G) rhar star isEi@ror 24 hours evc'y o €) That sral is@ror 24 hoors every day\
/ day ol rhe week. L ., ttl ,.
/ (6) rhe schoor is[at*ldurins rhe weeren.rs. C0 rhe school is@dlrins the weekends,
E
Orhar rehit shop sels onty rheli;;il Q) That rerail shop sels onty ihe@
R
\ (8) He *.s rhe latesr person leavins the
\ buirding.
R' tO He was
brildins.
rheElperson reavingrhe
l
I
o
e My sister is 6 onthslamtiEilthan you. R
G) My sister is 6 honrhsFo.u;setthan yoo.
@ that basketball player is 6 f€erE@ o L ig'. -@ That basketball player is 6 feetLlad.
(!I amlirierestindto tearn more about
I C' t amllnteidsTealto tearn more atour

@ The horror movie last nisht was very il -,,]lt r(a rhe hoftor novic last niaht sas very
frithten€d j
t I
(!, Th€ ritfle boy was@byrhe pri&ipat. H] @ rr'. mte Uov *".@by the prin.ipat. \
et[AGwheopre wourd dare to climb soch .. E] - G3 tre-wlpeople *oula aare lo climb such a \
a hish mountain. - high hosntain.
@ ste pur@l powaer on the baby's body. U
C9 she putF xatl;lpowder on the b.by's body.
Cd rdon't have[@noney ren arter
s h e@l-oney ten art€r
,(19 r don'r /
shopping at rhe mall. '' t'- shoppins at the mall. /
o
@ can r haYe@lchocorare cooki..? l F,- .r@ can I haveEiqcho.orare cooki6?
€9E!4emplovee is erven an assisnment A @ @employee is siven an assisnment
to complete by today. to complete by today.
she came to ihe ctub meetinslEtr;il ,. D
€9
than l.
.Ig shc came to rhe ctub me€ringl@

E
C
@EEpupil was presenr for thc
motivalion course. ,, r ..] t)@ @Pupil
notivation .ourse.
sas Pr€sent for the

Have youG!@money? I
€t (zD xave youF-nyl moneyr
v
;l
e) You mayl4erh;tlr,aver by busEby €? You may traver @by bus or by
plane.

\ 6a
v- Crt'a r'.,e cotec or rea wirh
//@ your-"dessert.
tGitho:lHassan6llYani rikes to ear
l I e3 t* *" **rn*-1coffee or rea wrrh

\ ";;; -** | 69mtr,. n**"1-Oyani rikes to ear

191 .rPN Ne!oi (M)sdn Bhd 1554rje0Hl

 MEMORY MASTERY THBOUCII MII{D MAPS EI{CLISH GIAIMAR

O rhe balv i"F*ri"elin th€ p'am. The baby isFttinclin the pram.
The sun alwaysfiaiiedtrom the Easl. The sun always fi-aeallrom the East,

@ He Es€dlhis hand when his name was @ He@his hand when his name
called.
SitiFook plicGlin ttre singing (g sitilitok tt]tlin the sinsina
competition,
The eyent ltodkF;iilin the siadium. (9 rhe event FolTrt€in the stadirn-
fhe rins is made framlsold. @ The rins is madeEsold.

@ He islaend Bthe puppy ro rhe (, He isF llinElthe puppy to rhe

I will @this letter to Puan Ros. @ I witt@tlis tetter to Puan Ros.

She lives just next door to me. She lives just next door to me.

@ @his camera with

He wanis io O He wanis to@his camera with
him when he goes to Paris. him when he goes to Paris.
@ You rnay@to ttre washroom now (E You mayEto the washroom now
if you want to.

@ The suppoders are Feeinsltheil C, rhe srpporrers areFiahinAtheir

ieam play. team play.
@ Hatim@Hetmi at the chess @ Hatim@ Hermi at the chess
game.

@ The policedlintantedlsome clues at @ rhe pollceEiacovereiilsome clu€s at

the clime scene, the crime scene.
@ That man wasFadddltor a week @ rlar man@!lospitalised to1 a
aft€r the accident- week atter ihe accident-

G) HeFansedlhis photo on the watt. @ He@his photo on the wall,

@ rle rarer@a huge caxe. @ rte narer@ a huge care.
@ rhe lawyerD-eE ralcdlthe iury that @ rte rawyer Fontincealthe jury that
the ollend€r was guilty. the offender u/as guilty.
(!, rina wasF@retevision when the @ rilla waslryaiaEinCltelevision when
telephone rans. the telephone rans.

That naughty boy fi.obbedl my book. @ That naushty boy@my book.

xelreliiriiilttrat ne taa norcn rhe €q He b-anitdlrhar he had broken the

I am soins tolE Townltor an hour. I am going to[i, dow;llor an hour,

PleaseEthis document on the PleaseEthis documeni on the
table. table.

@ IEvens€dlmyselt ror the insult. @ I lrevetCtdlmysell for thb insult.

e' He nowlieventeq his wite,s murdor.
@ He nowEventadlhis wile's murder.

she was Ftei;Eloui of the window. srre was lioo*inClout ot ihe window.
@
ptease lremerntiilme to sive it back. I g) Pbase Famitdlme to sive it back.
lack lial-iiownland broke his lee. €, Jacklt;lldownland broke his teg.
oPN Neurcn(M)Sdi Bhd 1554690H)
 MEMORY i/IASTERY THROUGH MIND IIIAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

COIIIIf,OIiI ERRORS - ERNORS III THE UgE OF ADVERES

. Adverbs ol lime e.s. roday,

The boy ratks a tot always
erday, tomorrowt last nieht, . They will w.il tor the bus
duringclass. llncorectl tomorow there. ltncorrecrl
next we€k are usualty ptaced at lhe
. The boy always t.tks a tot during . Th€y willwait lor the
end ot a clause or s€nten.€ bus there
E,s. . The book report wil be
Nore:Advenr. or nderine 1me (e!e4 cvei
r
next week due. ll',correctl
' The book report will be due

{.) very |- tb) roo

h i\ too hot roday, I ttr. to) i, ve., tazy ro *or|{. r'
ll i. loda).!! c r He ic a huch t.t man. ,r . He i\ vcry ldt man.
r€ry hot The 6oy i\ roo tazy ro work. !: o . lt i5 a ruch inter8l'ns . lt is
a
a very intercsitn;
a
m novie.D no,i.. [,
Toonr.:rSDol.ffan5i..essaru.lso M {b) Much
,huch trrarsometiriig c se haD0c's m a resr rhe se#m," r . Shc is yery taller lh.nI . Sh€ is nu.h ta .r lhan
o an. / I rm. [/
. I an very obtised ro Dy . I am;;h obrised to
Too much for v€ry nu.h rriend.E myii.rd.Z
. He is too hucr sbonsei rhan I am.E E
' fle is very much stroneer rhan I a,n. R
. !l R .
The littte gi.t likes ihe do too much,/- His daughier is so beaurirut. !!
. Th€ ritue girtrik€s the do't wry nrch.|7i o . His.laoghter is v.ry beautirur.V-
R . His daushter is so b€autilut rhat I can'r srop
s

Conrinuatty, contin!ousty E
. The s€cond hand car that my tather borghr R . te scarcervcones ro see -e nou [E \
continlously gives hin probtem.lE R . He rarery.omes t. se€ ne.ow.Z
. rr rained conrinua v ror rso hours. o
. Lll
The sMnd - hand car lhat ny tather bought R
.ontinuarly gives him probtem. !1 s
. lt rained continuousty tor rwo hours.L./l
I
sroppme !ft rn shed ' x" *o.t.'"'y r'u.ary. Fl
T
. He sorks v€ry hard. L7l

H
E
. Last nishr the chitdren *enr ro bed tatetv. ltl fast tim€. previousty, belore
. Last night lhe chitdren wenr to b€d rate.
Z U . La\tlimc, hekorkedd\ r.a5hier in r \up.,nrrket. ,,
No_te:-Latery n4isnd msdgo o s . Previou{y, he$o'Lcd d\ r.rrhifl in r sup.rhrrhet. /
rhoBua ritutrara dT j,rdF n;ime E . Aetore. he $orkcd d\ d.rrhi€r in I \up€rhrrl€t.?
o
. The srudents arriv€d at there j. the no."ing.ltl
. The concert ,as h€td at herc tasr *eer
. L4 All togethei, altosether
rh€ students arrived there ii rhe -ohiig. i ,,1 D
. The concert *as hel{t he.e tast week, Z
E
. rve sang a(ogerher ar . All together you owe me
therarcie parry.J| RM soo.oo [t
R . We satrsalltos€lher ar . Altoaeth.r you bwe me
a the larercll prrrn 7l RM soo.oo L4
[t s
' x. ro *r'oor .,",yduy.
H. "y"r..
. Atogetlrer: Cou,ret€ly /.d ud ngeve !,th ntoreverlone
cyclcs to *n@l *ryday.7l
Al logelher: Ev.rybody;ar|re same tmeornr Ltr€ snre
team ororg!n sa1'oi lt sopDosteof 5€par:tcty..
h'^'dn j al]\.rba.h''.;d

EC.. Findierpa&igsDa.e n(a!ng saercrydayrl lltln,rr

'df!4't1{'li1x1
 -T

MEMORY MASTEFY THROUGH MIND MAPS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

r, He wentEthe dental clini. yesterday. !l He wentEthe dentalclinic yesterday.

i2) She wa5 waitinsEthe buestop for an :2. she was wairinsbllthe bus-stop tor
hour b€lore the bus came. an h.!r heldre rhe hns.,mc.

r My lalher works at the oftice from My faiher works at the ofiice from
a a.nE6p.n. c 8 a.mEln6 a.m.
la) We had to hurry@the bank belore lt 0 ii We had to hurryEthe bank before it
M
5 rhey liveEMalaysia. M 5 They live!4Malaysia.
6- She used to stndyEthat convent 0 6. she used to studybtlthat convent
,v

She walkedEthe dance h"tt *.-inc. E 7l she warkedliddrte dance harr wearins
t
.81Prease ha.dftblthe
have conpleted rhem,
rorms once you t al Pbase handlillthe rorms once you
have completed them.
0
Thc band will be darchinsft{lMe.deka t Th€ band *ill be marchinsbll

.ld The comedy show will stad@a p.m. : 'id The.omedy show will startEs p.d.
iu sarah loves walkinslat lhe flower P :til Sarah loves walkincEthe llower
t
E
iz xe is poorlirilscience. P tt2. He i5 poor;Ilscience.
ij rhe counrry is poorEolminerals. 0 iil The country is Door in-minerals.
t
My sisrer sar besideslher friend on I my.i.r". r.l"na o" tt*
the train yhen they rravelled to lohor. f lrain when""tit."iU":1r..
they travelled to lohor.
iiil6t"..", *r'o
"r"e
sil b€ at the I 19 Besidesl.,ames, who else willbe at the
0

/161lAma;dthe two. I still prerer rhe J ii6rlBetwea-the t*o, I still preferthe

piano to the violin. ptano to the violin.
0

'|i She painted her pi.ture&/a paint

!i she painted her pictureFilda paint

The picr!.e was painted@her. ,v

i8l iilit rhe picrure was painredEher.
c
My father slokeda!his childhood 0 .19 My father spoke about his .hildhood
rlays in the village.
N
ed He spokelatotalhis little brother who F
ii, He spoke@his little brother sho
was too shy to speak. was too shy to speak.
u
21 H€ has heen wo.king.s a journalist
J He has been workins as a journalist
@€ao. E Gin;;l$ao.
ii He has been working as a journalist o
[sinelzo vears.
They stoodli't-ihe door waitins lor They stood btlthe door waitins lor
their lriends td afive. their frierds io arrive.
Please wait beside the hall until your lra Pbase waitEthe harr uniir your
numher i. dlled.
tus.*t@.&p#;fifl
i.rhed'ersaFdnlFF l
UNAGGEPTABLE LOCAL USAOE
'. rh$ 4ircdsns4qc / |
rhe dr(' nimFd mr p F I I
.-..
" ";;,;';,,, ;.,,;;,.;
CHOP OR
SfAMF

. You ne€d a chop on the . From the econohical aspect,

ticket before exiting the
. }le turned on the pipe and
tor€ign workers are importan{ in
parkins lot. X lilled ihe bucket with water,
the manutacrurinc sector. / l
You need a stamp on the . from lhe econoEical poinr
ticket before exitina the He turned on the tap and of view, foreisn workers are
lled the bucket with
parking lot. ,/ |
wateL
4
?wfu
CLOSE
3U88E1 0R
T0 swtfctt aosfAN m
Ef,''f,3 RgYgRJg
OFF
Please use the rubber to 'ari cto;
rhe-E;and tichis \ That car had to sostan out
corlect the answer on your belor€ leavinB the room. .{
. Ali switcft€d off the lan
i I oI thar parking space, / l
book. X I / That car had to reverse
. Please use the eraser to \ and lights belore leaving / out of that parking
correct the answer on \ ttre room. 7 1 / space. r4l
your book.
l l \

s0 How
SAMA'T
NOW? .d,h" r""
",ih ":i;.
My 0 E
'____,-_42_--
""d,

You iust sot saman Ior . You didn't bring the tickets, . See that red car over there,
parkins illesally,
ll .
so how now? X
You iust got a line tor What are you going to do
That red car over there
parkins illesally, now lhat you don't have
lJ the iickets? ,/
is mine. I
"/
I

&".."",,..,

/'_\.Do'brddbdllhecn
stA e oP HOSN O?
A'CETIT HO0f

Hi, you what news? l l That Amedcan has a very . The rude man kept hornins
Hi, how are you? lJ strons Texan slans. X I at the orher driver as he drove
past, l l
Thal American has a . The rude man kept
hootinA at the other
a$ent. /l
past. r4-l

.r PN NcLronlursdi Bhd 1554690h1

 MEMORY MASTERY TIIROUGH MIND MAPS €NGIISI{ GRAMMAR #:r""i 3T

. I going
to the . The children wished . My neichbour always
machine to press some their srardparenls when act when there are a lot ot
people around. l l examination papers
money out. / l they arrived. / l
. I going to the ' The children greeted . My neiahbour always to their teacher. X
. The studenls
machine to withdraw their grandparents when shows ofI when there are a
handed in their
lot ot people arornd. ]ll
examination papels
to their teacher. !:l

. Like that also can

I didn't Iinish my homework, That driver cut my father's win the prize. X
sure die one when my teacher car while on the hishway. / l
finds ot'r. /l . You can win the prize by
That driver overtook tny
I am going to be in trouble father's car while on the
doins that. / I

when my teacher linds out

that I didn't tinish my
highway. ,/ I &
C

. This is a serious issue you ' Don't biAgen the problem. lt s . Why you so like that one? / l
knos Don't play play. X l not her fault. rL
. This is a serious issue- . Don't exaggerate the problem.
Do not take it light,y. l,.l
'*ay? 4
lt wasn't her fault. /
h* -.ffirm$
'i tf,nrmit

w&1//
@
It is danserous to drive I ne€d to wash my weddins
with tyres that have no
. The machine eat my
photos. / l ATM ca.d. X
flower, /j I need to develop my
It is dangerous to drive weddins photos. fl
. My ATM card got stuck in
with tyres that are bald. 4 the machine. ll

I PN Na tu, Mtr ar r Lrr r.qo Hl 196

 MEMORY MASTERY THROUGH MllID MAP5 EXGLI'i GNATIMA;

What to say to people in diff€rent situations:

@ anriurnriirrn €) wriiounc'iropn
@ rllmlc uorn
.')
cood monirs. Nha.t.

O m lc l.mv-n
@ninonudior @) rtsttllC nwoRulnol

rak"Frc. Bd IBF sr. harc

todothrs, r--r- sme, br
'

€) nvrimrom
@ ,lsnlr-c lnrc"irors
/\..\':l
1 a-
,w" rh. shoDrt{i Ys, a nroisrt
l"h;re
7 .hw ,\, 'ig!'lj!-
i3

I'il,..l
TIRING SYMPITITY/((I O{)I,INITS
@ orftnncnin

fli'.W-l
Q colriimurarirc rrorn @, wNtlt/ti00D
nrrlsne

f"**-ffi]1l,
cooo IIII{ING ANO M{fM G
$nr

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lg rdr,

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so ;i;dq
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-;€ !?;. € E9 5s-q! !; E-E
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el, e/ L{, rq, et -Aa5\ \!!r rc/
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di :, !6 i: 6 'a
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3g :cit.
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J PN Neu,DnlMrsdn BhLr r545q0 Hl
 MEMORY MAsTERYTHROUGH MII{D MAPS ENGLISH GRAMM/TR

.
o.g Dr rcr soy 60'r.eh'
Good morninc. #-(
n..o I ht\"n lau a.e.t saneo\e.
-. . cood aftcrnoon. ! v"u.." ei,oo n,9", on,y
- . cood evenina. ( *r'"n r'"" *" '"d"'rs - +"
. Hi!
.
e,e.Hi! Ct-I3":'g,g..l
Hello! . Hello!

0
- .l'm flnc, thank yor.

a,-9
(' ('
q_9 . I'm very well, thank you and how are

^ e' e' '

you? )
i.'J

. Thank you.
. Thank you very much.
. Do come in, please. q- -.iO ' Thanl{s.
. How nice of you to come!
(,
0 (' (' e'0 lr lr
rn q,,9 \@
. Thank you.
. Thanks a br. - . You're most welcome.
. Thank you very much. a,JD . You're welcome.

lr lr fr r
. You're welcome.

clfr
@'&
. Hello/Hi, l'm (name). {r.*'"mm \F,*.
. Hello/Hi, my name is {name). . Pleased/Nice to neet you.
. Abu, may I introdoce vou to Mei Sun?
q.-9
. _ HilHe[o! i:::il:"
. Abu. I'd like vou to meet Mei sun? . How do you do?
. Abu this is Mei Sun. . Pleased to meet you.

q,,9
-('
h\E-*-n'--
e'

. What is your alnbition? . My ambition is to be a doctor.

. where is Kampunc lndah? . exl ro the post offlce
. How much is it? - . RM 5.OO
. When do you go hom€? . My brorher is the boy who

"ii " -* '"""'"

||
6i e' e'
q.9
ACCEPT REFUSE
. Would you like to go to the movies? . you. I would love to. . I'm sorry, I can't,
. Are you tree to atiend the parly? _ . Thank
Thank vor. I would be . I'm sorry, I world
\-9 preased,zhappy to come. like to, but I cant.
. Please come to my home for dinner . Thank you, I shall be vcly
this evenins. happy to ailend.
. I would like to invite you to my . Thank you lor invitinc me.
-
qp I'll be happy to coffe. inviting me bot I

199 o PN NeuronrMtsdn Brrd 1554690 Ht

 a-_,D
. Sorry! . lt's all richt. r,susre :MrYong rhadfrnrshod
myassicnmeni.
. That's all richt,
. Excuse me, plcase.
MrRanjrt Hero, MrYap, How
. I apologize. arc you geting on?
. I do apolocize. MrYap: Hi. Mr Ranjrt. r'mrh6,
a.'p . lt doesn't matt€r.
. Please folcive me.

. I b€c your pardon.

tfi ('(,
lci . Can yott please tell me how can q_, . You have to co straiaht. Then, turn htr.

t, I aet to the nearest b$s-stop?

. Where is your house?
The bus'stop is opposit€ the school.
. ltis opposite the playcround.
fr fi fifl
l€j q-, h*rr'raa &J"_':*
.Thank you.
. I hope you will recover soon,
.l'm sorry to hear about the
d€ath,/loss of yo r friend. 4..o
. Please accept my cofldolences

d
t, on the death/loss of your lriend.
(, (' e' e,
ct'!F rFF
(' ('

. May I help yor?

q-_p ACCEPT REFUSE
. Can I cive you a hand? Yes, thanks a lot. . Thanks, but I'm line.
. would you like me to help {you)? you . Thank you for the
Yes,lhank
. ls there anythinc I can do to help? q._, very much. oller but l'ff all right.
fi bh.t I hft ll\,hJbb
lr lr lr
tn AAKlNq FOR NELP RNSPONSE
a-, ACCEPT REFUSE

. Can you help me, please? . Yes, sure. . I'm sorry, I

What's the problem? would like to
. Can you please cive me a hand? . Yes, of course. Whai but... (sive
a-, can I do for you? rcason)

(,
d . Concratulations! . Well done!
q,
f,

. Great! . Fantastic! gE rh.to

A Can you
. Marvellous! . Excellent q.p me?

PNr Ne!or 1M)Sdr Brd l5546eoHl 200