S.no.

Nanofluid concentration Thermal Temperature(°C) Error

conductivity(W/m.K)
1 Water 0.085 32.65 0.0311
2 0.1 vol% + 1.5 wt% SDS 0.083 32.29 0.0314
3 0.1 vol% + 1.2 wt% SDS 0.108 32.59 0.0406
4 0.1 vol% + 1 wt% SDS 0.084 32.35 0.0311
5 0.1 vol% + 0.7 wt% SDS 0.086 33.84 0.0311
6 0.1 vol% + 0.5 wt% SDS 0.084 32.18 0.0313
7 0.1 vol% + 0.3 wt% SDS 0.085 32.87
8 0.1 vol% + 0.1 wt% SDS 0.085 33.08 0.0311
9 0.2 vol% + 0.5 wt% SDS 0.085 32.18 0.0321
10 0.3 vol% + 0.5 wt% SDS 0.084 31.88 0.0313
11 0.1 vol% + 0.5 wt% CTAB 0.084 31.97 0.0312
12 0.2 vol% + 0.5 wt% CTAB 0.085 32.3 0.0311
13 0.3 vol% + 0.5 wt% CTAB 0.085 31.92
14 0.1 vol% NP 0.097 31.63 0.031
15 0.2 vol% NP 0.084 31.94 0.0312
16 0.3 vol% NP 0.085 32.9 0.0313
17 0.1 vol% NP + 0.5 wt% 0.085 32.52 0.0311
Tween 20
18 0.3 vol% + 0.5 wt% Tween 0.086 32.99 0.0314
20

Conclusion: The thermal conductivity of nanofluid is higher than the base fluid at (0.1 vol% nanoparticle) without
surfactant which is 0.097 W/(m.K) and the highest conductivity is found for (0.1 vol% nanoparticle with 1.2 wt %
SDS) which is 0.108 W/(m.K). Thus the optimum condition was found at 0.1 vol% nanoparticle with 1.2 wt% SDS.
The base fluid conductivity is found to be 0.085 W/m.K

Thermal conductivity enhancement(%)=[ k(for 0.1 vol% NF)-k(for base fluid)]/[k(for base fluid ]=(0.108-
0.085)/0.085= 27%
The above graph is taken from the following reference: Wan M.,Yadav R.R., Yadav K.L., Yadaw S.B.,”Synthesis and
experimental investigation on thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing functionalized polyaniline
nanofibres”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 41 (2012) 158–164.

According this literature the enhancement of thermal conductivity for the0.1 vol% PANI nanofluid at 30°C is found
to be 1.15 times higher than the base fluid i.e. 15% enhancement for 0.1 vol% nanofluid.

According to the data collected for my research work the enhancement for 0.1 vol% nanofluid(with 1.2 wt% SDS)
at 32.59°C is found to be 27%.