COMPRE REVIEW

PART TWO
SY 2016- 2017
• IN WHAT COMPARTMENT OF THE CELL DOES
LIPOGENESIS OCCURS?
A. MITOCHONDRIA
B. CYTOSOL
C. PEROXISOME
D. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Answer: B
• Mitochondria – FA Oxidation, FA chain
elongation, ketogenesis
• Peroxisome – Long chain FA oxidation,
plasmalogen synthesis
• ER – FA chain elonation , desaturation,TAG
synthesis
• WHAT IS THE MOLECULE REQUIRED IN THE
ENTRY OF ACYL CoA INTO MITOCHONDRIA
FOR OXIDATION?
A. CITRATE
B. CARNITINE
C. OXALOACETATE
D. MALATE
• DESATURATION CANNOT OCCUR IN THIS
CARBON POSITION OF AN ACYL CoA?
A. 4
B. 9
C. 6
D. 12
• Answer: D
• Desaturation is process of introducing double
bond in an activated fatty acid
• Occurs in membrane of ER of liver and
adipose tissue
• In Animals: Double bonds can be introduced
at ^4, ^5,^6 and ^9 (never beyond ^9)
because of desaturase enzymes for them
• WHICH EICOSANOID IS INVOLVED IN
ANAPHYLATIC REACTION?
A. PROSTAGLADIN
B. LIPOXIN
C. LEUKOTRIENE
D. THROMBOXANE
• Answer: C
• Leukotriene - causes vascular permeability,
attracts and activates leukocytes, induces
inflammatory or hypersensitivity reaction like
asthma
• Lipoxin - with anti inflammatory role and
immuno regulatory role
• Thromboxane - causes vasoconstriction,
platelet aggregation
• Prostaglandin
- causes smooth muscle contraction
- therapeutic uses includes prevention of
conception, prevention or alleviation of
gastric ulcer, control of BP, relief of asthma or
nasal congestion
• Prostacyclin- inhibit platelet aggregation
• WHAT IS THIS INTERMEDIATE MOLECULE IN
THE SYNTHESIS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL WHICH
IS ALSO USED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF
PHOSPHOLIPIDS?
A. LYSOPHOSPHATIDATE
B. PHOSPHADIDATE
C. 2 MONOACYLGLYCEROL
D. DIACYLGLYCEROL
• WHAT MOLECULE IS THE MAIN SUBSTRATE
USED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL?
A. ACETYL CoA
B. HMG CoA
C. MALONYL CoA
D. ACETOACETATE
• WHICH LIPOPROTEIN TRANSPORTS
TRIACYLGLYCERL FROM INTESTINE TO
ADIPOSE TISSUE?
A. LDL
B. VLDL
C. HDL
D. CHYLOMICRON
• Answer: D
• WHAT IS THE MAJOR AMINO ACID WHEN
RELEASED FROM MUSCLE IS CONVERTED TO
GLUCOSE IN THE LIVER?
A. VALINE
B. ALANINE
C. SERINE
D. ASPARAGINE
• Answer : B
• Alanine released from muscle, enters glucose
alanine cycle
• WHAT AMINO ACID WHEN NOT METABOLIZED
BECAUSE OF ENYZYME DEFECTS, CAN CAUSE
PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU ), ALBINISM AND
ALCAPTONURIA?
A. LYSINE
B. HISTIDINE
C. TYROSINE
D. SERINE
• Answer : C
• PKU is caused by deficiency of phenylalanine
hydroxylase, cannot convert phenylalanine to
tyrosine
• Alcaptonuria are dark pigments produced by
accumulation of homogentisic acid because pf
defective homogentisate oxidase,tyrosine cannot
be degraded
• Albinism caused by defect in conversion of
tyrosine to melanin
• FROM WHAT AMINO ACID ARE CARBON
ATOMS OF CYSTEINE DERIVED FROM?
A. SERINE
B. ALANINE
C. METHIONINE
D. LEUCINE
• Answer: A
• Serine reacts with homocysteine to form
cystathionine, which is cleaved to form
cysteine, NH4 and alpha ketoglutarate
• WHAT IS THE AMINO ACID SOURCE OF
SEROTONIN?
A. TYROSINE
B. TRYPTOPHAN
C. HISTIDINE
D. PHENYLALANINE
• Answer : B
• Tryptophan is hydroxylated to 5
hydroxytryptophan which is then
decarboxylated to serotonin
• Serotonin undergoes acetylation and
methylation to form melatonin