Huéng dan GIAI BAI TAP HOA F IOC ( Téi ban lain thit hai ) — eyes I ( tC ne gl NHA XUAT BAN pi z. dl Ve) art 4 fr ¥Civing din GIAI BAI TAP HOA HOC 9 (Tai ban lan thi hai) NHA XUAT DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOILOL NOI DAU Lam thé nao dé hoc gidi mén Héa hoc? Lam sao dé co ky nang tu duy dac trung cia Hoa hoc, ky nang tra lai va gidi cde bai tap hoa hoc? Lam sao c6 thé van dung cdc kién thie Héa hoe vao cudec song? Hy vong rAng quyén sdch “Hung dan gidi bai tap héa hoc 9” sé phan nao dap Ung yéu cdu ca cde em yéu thich mén hoe co nhiéu tng dung thuc tién nay. Quyén sach duge bién soan theo chuong trinh mdi nhat cua BO Gido duc va Dao tao, bao gém 5 chung tuong ting vdi 5 chuong ctia sdch gido khoa Héa hoc 9. MAi chuong gém cac ndi dung sau: A. Tom tat li thuyét cua chuong dudi dang so dé. B. Hu6ng dan gidi gidi bai tap co ban C. Cac cdu héi va bai tap bé sung D, Bai tap ty luyén. Quyén sdch “Huéng dan gidi bai tap héa hoc 9” 1a quyén thi hai trong b6 sdch tham khdo héa hoc tit lép 8 dén lép 12. Céc céu hdi va bai tap trong sdch duge bién soan da dang, trong d6 cdc ky nang tu duy dac trung cia héa hoc duge chi trong. Phan tinh todn cia cdc bai tap khong qué phic tap. Déi véi cdc cau héi va bai tap c6 hudng dan, cdc em nén ty minh giai truéc, néu cé vuéng m&c méi xem phan huéng dan. Mét bai tap c6 thé cé nhiéu cdch gidi khac nhau, tuy nhién dap sé thi gidng nhau. Mac di chung t0i da cé nhiéu c6 gdng, nhung do trinb dé va théi gian bién soan con han ché nén quyén sdch khéng thé tranh khdi cdc sai sét. Chting tdi chan thanh cam on moi y kién déng gop cia cdc ban doc, nhat 1a cla cée thay, c6 va céc em hoc sinh dé sdch duge hoan chinh hon trong lan tai ban sau. Tée giaChuong 1. CAC LOAI HOP CHAT V6 CO A. TOM TAT Li THUYET 1, Phan loai cdc chat vé ed [™ fo] Jf ot J ot td Oxit Oxit Axit Axit Bazo Bazo Muéi Muéi bazo axit 6 oxi khong tan khong axit trung : 6 oxi tan hoa CaO C02 HNO; HCl NaOH Cu(OH), KHSO, NaCl Fe203 SO. H,SO, HBr KOH Fe(OH)3 NaHCO; KeSO, 2. Tinh chat héa hoe cua céc loai hgp chat vé edB. HUONG DAN GIAI CAU HOI VA BAI TAP CO BAN BAI 1. TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA OXIT KHAI QUAT VE SU PHAN LOAI OXIT Bai 1. C6 nhitng oxit sau: CaO, Fe,O3, SO3. Oxit nao c6 thé tac dung duge véi: a) Nuéc? b) Axit clohidric? c) Natri hidroxit? Viét cde phuong trinh phan tng héa hoc. Huong dan gidi a) Cée oxit tac dung véi nude: CaO, SOs CaO + Hz0 + Ca(OH), SO, + H,0 - H:SO, b) Cée oxit tac dung duge véi axit clohidric: CaO, Fez0; CaO + 2HCI > CaCl; + H,0 Fe,03 + 6HCI — 2FeCls + 3Hz0 c) Oxit tac dung véi natri hidroxit: SO; SO, + 2NaOH > Na,SO, + Hz0 Bai 2: C6 nhiing chat sau: H,O, KOH, K,0, CO, Hay cho biét nhiing c&p chat 6 thé tc dung véi nhau? Huéng dan gidi Lay téng cdc tru’ng hgp cé thé phan tng chia 2 ta c6 4 cap chat c6 thé tae dung duge véi nhau. Bai 8: Ti nhing ch&t: Canxi oxit, luu huynh dioxit, cacbon dioxit, luv hunh trioxit, kém oxit, em hay chon mét chat thich hgp dién vao cdc so dé phan ting sau: a) Axit sunfuric + ...— » Kém sunfat + Nuéc b) Natri hidroxit + ...—» Natri sunfat +Nuéc c) Nuée +...» Axit sunfuro d) Nuée +... ——y» Canxi hidroxit — Canxi cacbonat oc dé viét t&t cA nhiing phuong trinh phan tng e)Canxi oxit +... Ding cac cong thie héa trén. aHuéng dan giai a) H,SO, + ZnO —+ ZnSO, + H,0 b) 2NaOH + SO; ——+ Na,SO, + H,0 c) H,0 + SO, —+ H,S0, ad) H,O + CaO +» Ca(OH)2 e) CaO + CO, —+ CaCO,L Bai 4: Cho nhitng oxit sau: CO2, SO:, Na,O, CaO, CuO. Hay chon mot trong nhifng chat da cho tac dung duge véi: a) Nude, tao thanh axit. b) Nuéc, tao thanh dung dich baz. c) Axit, tao thanh mudi va nuéc —_—d) Baza, tao thanh muéi va nuéc Viét cdc phuong trinh phan ting. Huéng dan giai a) Oxit tac dung vdi nuéc tao thanh axit: SO, + H,O + H,SO, b) Oxit tac dung véi nuée tao thanh dung dich bazo. Na,O+ H,O > 2NaOQH c) Oxit tac dung véi axit tao thanh mudi va nude. CuO + H,SO, > CuSO, + H20 4) Oxit tée dung véi bazo tao thanh mudi va nude. CO, + 2NaOH + Na2CO; + HO e) Oxit tac dung véi cacbon dioxit tao thanh mudi. CaO + CO; + CaCO; Bai 5: C6 hén hgp khi CO, va Og. Lam thé nao cé thé thu duge khi Oy tif hén hgp trén? Trinh bay céch lam va viét phuong trinh phan ting. Huéng dan gidi Trong sé cdc khi va hoi cia hén hgp, c6 mét oxit axit 1a CO:. Theo tinh chat hda hoc cia oxit axit, chat nay phan ng v6i kiém tao thanh mudi va nude. Chat kh{ oxi khong c6 tinh chét nay. Do d6 ta chon dung dich Ca(OH), dé tach riéng khi oxi ra khdi hén hgp. Céch lam nhu sau: Buée 1: Cho hén hgp khi di qua binh dung dung dich Ca(OH), du, toan bo khi CO; trong hén hgp sé phan ting va oxi di qua vi khong phan ting. Phuong trinh héa hoc: CO, + Ca(OH)2 + CaCO; + H20 Bu6e 2: Khi oxi c6 lan mot it hoi nuéc (nuéc voi trong chua hap thu hét) ta dan qua binh dung dung dich axit sunfuric dic. Hoi nuéc bj axit git lai, ta duge khi oxi sach.Bai 6. Cho 1,6g déng (II) oxit téc dyng véi 100g dung dich axit sunfuric c6 néng 46 20%. a) Viét phuong trinh phan ting. b) Tinh néng 46 phan tram cia cdc chat c6 trong dung dich sau phan ing két thc. Huéng dan gidi Aouo = 1,6 : 80 = 0,02(mol). ny,s0, = 20% x 100 : 98 > 0,02 axit du a) Phuong trinh héa hoc CuO + H.SOQ, + CuSO, + H,O 0,02mol 0,02mol 0,02mol Theo phuong trinh héa hoc CuO da phan ting hét, H,SO, du. b) Néng d6 % cdc chat: $6 mol CuSO, = 002mol => Khéi lugng CuSO, = 0,02 x 160 = 3,2 (gam) Khéi lugng H2SO, cdn du = 20 - (98 x 0,02) = 0,04 (gam). C%cuso, = 3,2 : (100 + 1,6) x 100% = 3,15% C%x,50, = 0,04: (100 + 1,6) x 100% = 0,039% BAI 2. MOT SO OXIT QUAN TRONG A- Canxi oxit Bai 1. Bang phuong phap héa hoc nao c6 thé nhan biét duge timg chat trong mdi day chat sau: a) Hai chat rén mau trang la CaO va Na,O. b) Hai chat khf khong mau 1a CO, va Oz. Viét céc phuong trinh phan ting. 3 Huéng dan gidi Canxi oxit a) Nhan biét hai chat rén mau tring la CaO va NaO bling phuong phap héa hoc. * Cho hai chat rdn tac dung véi nude: CaO +H,0 > Ca(OH)2 Na,O + H,O > 2NaOH * Dn khi CO, tif tit di qua tig dung dich, néu xudt hién két tia trang thi dé 1a Ca(OH)2, néu khong cé hign tugng gi thi 46 la NaOH. CO, + Ca(OH) CaCO,; + H20 CO, + 2NaOH — Na;CO; + H,0 b) Hai ch&t khi khong mau 1a CO, va O2. Sit dung nuée voi trong lam thudc thir dé nhan biét khi CO, do xudt hién két tua cua CaCOs, néu khong c6 hién tugng gi thi dé 1a khf oxi. CO, + Ca(OH); + CaCOs, + H,0sai 2. Hay nhan biét ting chat trong mdi nhém ch&t sau bang phuong hap h6a hoe: a) CaO, CaCOs; b) CaO, CuO. Viét cac phuong trinh phan tng. Huéng dan gidi a) CaCO; va CaO cé thé dung dung dich HCI dé thi. Néu xuat hién bot hi thi d6 1a CaCOs, néu khong cé khi thodt ra thi dé 1a CaO. CaCO + 2HCI > CaCl, + H20 + CO2(khi) b) CaO, CuO c6 thé ding nuéc dé thit. Néu c6 phan ting véi nudc thi 46 4 CaO, CuO khéng phan ung. CaO + H,0 > Ca(OH). 3ai 3. 200ml dung dich HCl c6 néng dé 3,5mol/1 héa tan vita di 20g hon \gp hai oxit CuO va Fe20s. a) Viét cdc phuong trinh phan tng. b) Tinh khéi lugng cua mdi oxit 6 trong hén hgp ban dau. Huéng dan gidi a) Cac phuong trinh héa hoc CuO + 2HCI > CuCl, + H,0 1mol 2mol Fe,03 + 6HCI — 2FeCl; + 3H,0 1mol 6mol b) Khéi lugng cia méi oxit 7 Dat x, y lan lugt la sé mol CuO va Fe,0s trong hin hgp. Khdi lugng hin hgp = 80x + 160y = 20 @ $6 mol HCl = 2x + 6y = 3,5 . 0,2 = 0,7 aD i hé phuong trinh ta duge y = 0,1, x = 0,05 Khéi lugng CuO = 0,05 . 80 = 4 (g). Khéi lugng Fe20; = 0,1 . 160 = 16 (g) 3ai 4. Bist 2,241it khf CO. (dktc) téc dung vita di véi 200ml dung dich 3a(OH)2, san phém 1a BaCOs va H,0. a) Viét phuong trinh phan tng. b) Tinh néng d6 mol céa dung dich Ba(OH), da ding. c) Tinh khdi lugng cht két tua thu duge. Huéng dan gidi a) Vi&t phuong trinh phan ung CO, + Ba(OH)z > BaCO,l + H,0 1mol —1mol 1mol b) Néng a9 mol cia dung dich Ba(OH)2Sé mol CO; = 2,24 : 22,4 = 0,1 = S6 mol Ba(OH)2 Cys 2 =o! Losm ve 0,2 c) Khéi lugng chat két tia: Kh6i lugng BaCO, = 0,1 . 197 = 19,7 (g) B. Luu huynh dioxit Bai 1. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc cho mdi bién déi sau: (2) 7 CaSO3 sso, <> H,s0, —sNa,so, >So, (O™4Na,SO; Huéng dan gidi s +O: +80; q) SO, + CaO + CaSO; (2) SO, + H,O +H,SO; (3) H,SO, + 2NaOH — Na,SO; + 2H,0 @ NaSO; + HzSO, — Na,SO, + H,0 + S0,1 (5) SO, + 2NaOH + Na,SO, + H,0 0) Bai 2. Hay nhén biét timg chat trong mdi nhém chat sau bang jhuon, phép héa hoe: a) Hai chat rdn mau trdng 1a CaO va P,Os. b) Hai chat khi khong mau 1a SO, va O2. Viét cdc phugng trinh héa hoc. Huéng dén gidi a) CaO va P,Os 1a mot oxit bazo vA mot oxit axit. C6 thé cho 2 ait ta dung véi nuée & hai cdc riéng bigt. Dung quy tim dé thi, néu c6 mau xinh th chat ban d4u la CaO. Néu quy chuyén sang mau dé thi chat ban dau 1420s. CaO + H,0 + Ca(OH), dung dich bazo P.O; + 3H2O0 + 2H3PO, dung dich axit b) SO, va O, c6 thé ding tan d6m 46 dé thi va nhén ra oxi. Khi on la thém nuéc cft, ldc va thir dung dich bang quy tim, quy tim chuyé: san; mau dé thi khi ban ddu 14 SO2. SO, + H,O -» H,SO; dung dich axit sunfuro Bai 3. Co nhing khi 4m (khi c6 ln hoi nuée): cacbon dioxit, hidro, ai, lut huynh dioxit. Khi nao cé thé duge lam khé bing canxi oxit? Giai thick Huong dan gidi Nguyén t&c lam khé cdc chét khi 1a chat lam khé chi gid lai hoi nue mz 10rong tac dung véi chat duge lam khé. CaO 1 mét oxit bazo, chi lam khé duge: Hg, O2. CaO khong thé lam kho hai oxit axit SO, va CO, vi vi pham nguyén téc én. CaO cé thé tac dung véi cdc oxit axit. CaO + CO: > CaCO; CaO + SO, > CaSO; ai 4. Co nhimg chat khi sau: CO, Hy, O2, SO,, Nz. Hay cho biét chat nao c6 oh chat sau: a) Nang hon khong khi b) Nhe hon khong khi. c) Chay duge trong khong khi d) Tac dung véi nuéc tao thanh dung dich axit. e) Lam duc nuée vi trong. g) Déi mau gidy quy tim 4m thanh dé. Huéng dan gidi a) Nang hon khong khi: CO2, 02, SO, b) Nhe hon khong khi: Hy , No c) Chay duge trong khéng khi: Ho d) Tac dung véi nudc tao thanh dung dich axit: CO2, SO., e) Lam duc nude voi trong: CO2, SOr. g) Doi mau gidy quy tim 4m thanh do: CO», SO. ai 5. Khi luu huynh dioxit duge tao thanh tit cap chat nao sau day: a) K,SOs va H,SO, b) KO, va HCl. —_c) Na;SO, va NaOH d) NasSO, va CuCle. e) NaySO; va NaCl. Huéng dén gidi Chon phuong 4n a. ai 6. Din 112ml khi SO, (dktc) di qua 700ml dung dich Ca(OH): c6 néng ) 0,01mol/. a) Viét phuong trinh hoa hoc. b) Tinh khéi lugng cac chat sau phan tn, Huéng dan gidi Ngo. 0,112 = 0,005(mol); Ne, = 0,01 x 0,7 = 0,007(mol) ol (OH), = 04 ,7 = 0, a) Phuong trinh phan ung: SO, + Ca(OH), CaSO; + H,0 1mol 1mol 1mol 0,005mol 0,005mol —0,005mol > Ca(OH), du 0,02mol b) Kh@j lugng cdc chat sau phan ting: Bic,ioH), = 0,02 x 74 = 1,48(G); Moxgo, = 0,005 x (40 + 32 + 48) = 0,6(gam) ahBAI 3. TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA AXIT Bai 1: Ti: Mg, MgO, Mg(OH), va dung dich axit sunfuric * loading, hay viét cdc phuong trinh phan tng héa hoc diéu ché magie sunfat. Huong dén gidi Mg + HySO, +> MgSO, + Ht @ MgO + H,SOQ,+MgSQ.+H,0 (2) Mg(OH)2+ HzSO, > MgSQ,+2H,0 (3) Axit HCl Bai 2: C6 nhing ch&t sau: CuO, Mg, Al2Os, Fe(OH)3, Fe2Os. Hay chon m trong nhiing chat da cho téc dung véi dung dich HCI sinh ra: a) Khi nhe hon khéng khi va chdy duge trong khéng khi. b) Dung dich c6 mau xanh lam. c) Dung dich c6 mau vang nau. d) Dung dich khéng cé6 mau. Viét cdc phuong trinh phan tng. Huéng dén gidi a) Khi nhe hon khong khi va chay duge trong khéng khi, dé la hidro. Mg + 2HCI - MgCl, + Hot b) Dung dich c6 mau xanh lam, dung dich mu6i déng II CuO + 2HCI > CuCl, + H,0 c) Dung dich c6 mau vang nau: Chon Fe(OH)3 ho&c FeO; / Fez03 + 6HCI > 2FeCl; + 3H20 d) Dung dich khong mau: Dung dich MgCl, hod AICI; Al,03 + 6HCI > 2AlCl; + 3H,0 Bai 3. Hay viét cdc phuong trinh phan ding trong mbi trudng hgp sau: a) Magie oxit va axit nitric; d) Sat va axit clohidrie; b) Déng (11) oxit va axit sunfuric; e) Kém va axit sunfuric long. c) Nhom oxit va axit sunfuric; : Huéng dan gidi a) Magie oxit va axit nitric: MgO + 2HNOs,~ Mg(NOs)2 + H20 b) Déng (II) oxit va axit sunfuric: CuO + H2SO, + CuSO, + HO c) Nhom oxit va axit sunfurice: Al,03 + 3H2SO, > Alp(SO,)s + 3H,0 d) Sat va axit clohidric: Fe + 2HCI + FeCl, + H,T e) Kém va axit sunfuric loang: Zn + H2SO, + ZnSO, + HT Bai 4. C6 10gam hén hgp bot hai kim loai déng va s&t. Hay gidi thi¢ phuong phép xéc dinh thanh phdn phn tram (theo khéi lugrg) cla m kim loai trong hén hgp theo: 12a) Phuong php héa hoc. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc. b) Phugng phap vat Ii. (Biét rang déng khong tac dung véi axit HCl va axit H,SO, loang). Huéng dan gidi a) Phuong phap héa hoc Dung dung dich axit HCl du tae dung véi hén hgp, chi c6 sat phan ung Fe+ 2HCI > FeCl, + Ht Loe, nia va can chat ran khong tan, biét khéi lung cia Cu. Con lai la Fe. b) Phuong phap vat Ii Cho 10g hén hgp bét hai kim loai vao phia trong mét td gidy A4 gap déi. ua nam cham dén phia ngoai cia td gidy. Mé td gidy ra, sé tach riéng bot it do nam cham hut va bot déng thi khong. Can timg chat. BAI 4. MOT SO AXIT QUAN TRONG ai 1. Co nhing chat: CuO, BaClz, Zn, ZnO. Chat nao néi trén tac dung véi ung dich HCI va dung dich H2SO, loang sinh ra: a) Chat khi chay duge trong khong khi? b) Dung dich c6 mau xanh lam? c) Chat két taa mau trang khong tan trong nuéc va axit? d) Dung dich khéng mau va nuéc? Viét tat cA cde phuong trinh phan tng. Huéng d&n gidi a) Chat khi chay duge trong khong khi 6 day 1a Hy. Chi c6 Zn tac dung 6i dung dich axit HCl va dung dich H,SO, lodng, gidi phong khi Hz 2n+ 2HCl > ZnCl; + Hat Zn+ H2SO, > ZnSO, + Hat b) Dung dich co mau xanh lam 1a mau cia mudi déng I. Cu0 + H,SO, + CuSO, + H,0 CuO + 2HCl = CuCl, + H,0 mau xanh lam c) Chat két tua mau tr&ng, khong tan trong nuéc va axit, dé 1a BaSO,. BaCl, + H,SO, > BaSO,! + 2HC1 d) Dung dich khéng mau va nuéc 1a dung dich ZnCl; hay ZnSO, ZnO +2HCl = ZnCl, + H,0 ZnO +HSO, — ZnSO, + Hz0 ai 2. Sdn xudt axit sunfuric trong céng nghiép can phai cé nhiing nguyén éu chi yéu nao? Hay cho biét muc dich cia méi céng doan san xuét axit sunfuric va din a nhéng phan tng héa hoc? 13Huéng dan gidi Xem sch gido khoa Hoa hoc 9. Bai 3. Bing céch nao cé thé nh4n biét duge tig chat trong mi cap ch sau theo phuong phap héa hoc a) Dung dich HCI va dung dich H,SO,; b) Dung dich NaCl va dung dich NazSQ,. c) Dung dich NagSO, va dung dich H2SO,. Viét céc phuong trinh héa hoc. Huéng dan gidi a) Dung dich HCl va dung dich H2SO,. Lay hai 6ng nghiém nhé, méi 6ng chifa riéng biét khodng 1m! dung dic chua biét. Dung thuéc thi BaCly, néu ch&t nao tao thanh két tua tring thi dé | H,SO,. BaCl, + H2SO, > BaSO,! + 2HCI b) Dung dich NaCl va dung dich NagSQ,. Lay hai 6ng nghiém nhé, mdi ong chifa riéng biét khodng 1m dlung dic chua biét. Ding thuéc thir BaClz, néu chét nao tao thanh két tua trang thi dé | Na,SQ,. BaCl, + NazSO, > BaSO,! + 2NaCl c) Dung dich NaSO, va dung dich H,SQ,. Lay hai 6ng nghiém nhé, méi 6ng chia riéng biét khodng 1m] diung dic chua biét. Dung quy tim dé thi, néu quy tim chuyén sang mau dé thi dé la ax H,SO,. : Bai 4’. Bang duéi day cho biét két qua cia 6 thf nghiém xdy ra ziilffa Fe v dung dich H2SQ, loang. Trong m6i thi nghiém ngudi ta ding 0,2 gam Fe téc dung vei thé tic bang nhau cia axit, nhung cé néng do khéc nhau. Nhiing thi nghiém nao ching té ring: a) Phan tng xdy ra nhanh hon khi tang nhiét 46? b) Phan tg xay ra nhanh hon khi tang dién tfch tiép xuc? c) Phan tg xAy ra nhanh hon khi tang néng dé axit? 14Thi Néng | Nhiet | Sat ¢dang | Thdi gian phan nghi¢m | d6 axit | d6 °C) wing xong (s) 1 im | 25 La 190 2 2M 25 La | 85 3 2M 35 La 62 : 4 2M 50 Bot 15, | 5 2m_| 35 | Bot 45 6 3mM_| 50 | Bot 1 Huong dan gidi Khi xét anh hudng cia mot yéu t6 nao dé dn téc do phan tng thi thong huong ngudi ta ed dinh cdc yéu t6 con lai. Vi dy khi xét Anh hudng cua yéu 3 nhiét dd, nguvi ta cO dinh cdc yéu to khée nhu néng do axit, dién tich ip xuc. a) Thi nghiém 2, 5 va 4. b) Thi nghiém 3 va 5. c) Thi nghiém 4 va 6; thi nghigm 1 va 3. Sai 5, Hay sit dung nhiing chat c6 sn: Cu, Fe, Cu0, KOH, CeH120s (glucozo), ung dich HySO, loang, H)SO, dac va nhing dung cu thi nghiém can thiét dé am nhifng thi nghiém ching minh rang: a) Dung dich H,SO, loang c6 nhing tinh chat h6a hoc cia axit. b) HzO, dac c6 nhing tinh chat héa hoe riéng. Viét phuong trinh héa hoc cho m6i thi nghiém. Huéng dan gidi a) Dung dich H,SO, loang cé nhing tinh chat h6a hoc cua axit. 2KOH + HSQ, > K,SO, + 2H,0 Fe+ H2SO, — FeSO, + Ha? CuO + H,SO, > CuSO, + H,0 b) Dung dich H,SO, dac ngoai nhimg tinh ch&t héa hgc cia axit cdn c6 nhdng tinh chat héa hoc riéng. Cu+ 2H,S0, ——+ CuSO, + SO,t + 2H,0 CoH 120. —128, 6C + 6H,O sai 6. Cho mét khéi lugng mat st du vao 50ml dung dich HCl. Phan ting ong, thu duge 3,36lit khi (dktc). a) Viét phuong trinh héa hoe: b) Tinh khéi lugng mat sdt da tham gia phan tng; c) Tim néng d@ mol cia dung dich HCl da dung. Huéng dén gidi 15a) Viét phuong trinh héa hoe: Fe + 2HCl -— FeCl, + Hot 1mol = 2mol 1mol b) Tinh khéi lugng Fe da phan tng: De = Dy, = a = 0,15(mol) => mp, = 0,15 x 56 = 8,4 Gam) c) Tinh Cy cha dung dich HCI da ding Cu,.= 0,3mol ‘uct 0,05mol Bai 7’. Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1 gam hin hgp bot CuO va ZnO cdn 100 dung dich HCl 3M. a) Viét cdc phuong trinh héa hoc. b) Tinh phdn tram theo kh6i lugng cia mbi oxit trong hén hoy bar ddu. c) Hay tinh khéi lugng dung dich HySO, néng 49 20% dé haa ta hoa: oan hén hgp cdc oxit trén. Huéng dén iat a) Viét phuong trinh héa hoc CuO + 2HCl - CuCl, + H,0 ql) ZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl, + H,O (2) lmol = 2mol b) Tinh % theo khéi lugng cia méi oxit trong hén hgp ban dau D&t x,y 14 sé mol cha CuO va ZnO trong hin hgp. Kh6i lugng hin hgp = (64 + oo ces 16)y=12,1 (i) 80x + 8ly = 12,1 S6 mol axit HC] = 2(x + y) = 0,1. 3 = 0,3 000) 2x + 2y = 0,3 gidi hé ta duge y = 0,1 mol va x = 0,05 mol Khéi lugng CuO = 0,05.80 = 4,0 gam chiém xp xi 33% Kh6i lugng ZnO = 0,1.81 = 8,1 gam chiém xAp xi 67%. c) Khéi lugng axit H,SO, 20% can ding CuO + H,SO, > CuSO, + H,0 (3) ZnO +HSQ,— > ZnSQ,+H,0 (4) 86 mol H2SQ, (3) = s6 mol CuO = 0,05 mol S6 mol H,SQ, (4) = s6 mol ZnO = 0,10 mol Kh6i lugng H2SO, = (0,10 + 0,05) 98 = 14,7 (gam) Kh6i lugng dung dich HzSO, 20% cén ding 100 x 14,7 ™y,80, = —y* 73,5(gam) = 6 mol/it = 6 M. 16