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ExaminationPaper Maths
ExaminationPaper Maths
Examination Papers
2008–2014
CONTENT
n CBSE Examination Paper–2008 (Delhi) 3
n CBSE Examination Paper–2008 (All India) 32
n CBSE Examination Paper–2009 (Delhi) 67
n CBSE Examination Paper–2009 (All India) 93
n CBSE Examination Paper–2009 (Foreign) 119
n CBSE Examination Paper–2010 (Delhi) 147
n CBSE Examination Paper–2010 (All India) 179
n CBSE Examination Paper–2010 (Foreign) 211
n CBSE Examination Paper–2011 (Delhi) 241
n CBSE Examination Paper–2011 (All India) 273
n CBSE Examination Paper–2011 (Foreign) 303
n CBSE Examination Paper–2012 (Delhi) 335
n CBSE Examination Paper–2012 (All India) 368
n CBSE Examination Paper–2012 (Foreign) 400
n CBSE Examination Paper–2013 (Delhi) 430
n CBSE Examination Paper–2013 (All India) 454
n CBSE Examination Paper–2013 (Foreign) 481
n CBSE Examination Paper–2014 (Delhi) 501
n CBSE Examination Paper–2014 (All India) 532
n CBSE Examination Paper–2014 (Foreign) 563
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2008
MATHEMATICS CBSE (Delhi)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. If f ( x) = x + 7 and g( x) = x - 7, x Î R, find ( fog) (7)
ép 1 ù
2. Evaluate : sin ê - sin - 1 æç - ö÷ ú
ë3 è 2 øû
é 1 3ù é y 0ù é5 6ù
3. Find the value of x and y if : 2 ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 x û ë 1 2û ë1 8û
a + ib c + id
4. Evaluate:
- c + id a - ib
2 -3 5
5. Find the cofactor of a 12 in the following: 6 0 4
1 5 -7
x2
6. Evaluate: ò dx
1 + x3
1 dx
7. Evaluate: ò
0
1 + x2
®
8. Find a unit vector in the direction of a = 3i$ - 2j$ + 6k$
4 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
® ®
9. Find the angle between the vectors a = i$ - j$ + k$ and b = i$ + j$ - k$
® ®
10. For what value of l are the vectors a = 2i$ + lj$ + k$ and b = i$ - 2j$ + 3k$ perpendicular to each other?
SECTION–B
a+b
11. (i) Is the binary operation defined on set N, given by a * b = for all a, b Î N, commutative?
2
(ii) Is the above binary operation associative?
12. Prove the following:
1 1 1 1 p
tan - 1 + tan - 1 + tan - 1 + tan - 1 =
3 5 7 8 4
é 3 2 5ù
13. Let A = ê 4 1 3ú .
ê ú
êë 0 6 7 úû
Express A as sum of two matrices such that one is symmetric and the other is skew
symmetric.
OR
1 2 2
If A = 2 1 2 , verify that A 2 - 4A - 5I = 0
2 2 1
14. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2?
ì 2x + 1 ; x < 2
ï
f ( x) = í k ;x=2
ï 3x - 1 ; x > 2
îï
æ 1 + x - 1 - xö
15. Differentiate the following with respect to x : tan - 1 çç ÷
÷
è 1 + x + 1 - xø
p
16. Find the equation of tangent to the curve x = sin 3t , y = cos 2t at t =
4
p x sin x
17. Evaluate: ò dx
0
1 + cos 2 x
18. Solve the following differential equation:
( x 2 - y 2 ) dx + 2xy dy = 0
given that y = 1 when x = 1
OR
Solve the following differential equation:
dy x ( 2y - x)
= , if y = 1 when x = 1
dx x( 2y + x)
Examination Papers – 2008 5
dy
19. Solve the following differential equation : cos 2 x + y = tanx
dx
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
20. If a = i$ + j$ + k$ and b = j$ - k$, find a vector c such that a ´ c = b and a . c = 3.
OR
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
If a + b + c = 0 and| a | = 3,| b | = 5 and| c | = 7, show that the angle between a and b is 60°.
21. Find the shortest distance between the following lines :
x- 3 y -5 z -7 x+1 y +1 z +1
= = and = =
1 -2 1 7 -6 1
OR
x+ 2 y+1 z- 3
Find the point on the line = = at a distance 3 2 from the point (1, 2, 3).
3 2 2
22. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered a success, find the
probability distribution of number of successes.
SECTION–C
23. Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
a b g
a2 b2 g2 = (a - b) (b - g ) ( g - a ) (a + b + g )
b+g g +a a +b
a b g a b g
2 2 2 2 2
a b g = (a + b + g ) a b g2
b+g g +a a +b 1 1 1
24. Show that the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a circle is a square.
OR
Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a cone of
1
height h is h.
3
25. Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2 = 4x and the circle
4x 2 + 4y 2 = 9.
a a-x
26. Evaluate: ò dx
-a a+x
27. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point ( - 1, - 1, 2) and perpendicular to
each of the following planes:
2x + 3y - 3z = 2 and 5x - 4y + z = 6
OR
Find the equation of the plane passing through the points ( 3, 4, 1) and ( 0, 1, 0) and parallel to
x+ 3 y- 3 z-2
the line = =
2 7 5
6 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
28. A factory owner purchases two types of machines, A and B for his factory. The requirements
and the limitations for the machines are as follows :
Machine Area occupied Labour force Daily output (in units)
A 2 12 men 60
1000 m
B 1200 m 2 8 men 40
He has maximum area of 9000 m2 available, and 72 skilled labourers who can operate both the
machines. How many machines of each type should he buy to maximise the daily output?
29. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers.
The probability of an accident involving a scooter, a car and a truck are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15
respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that
he is a scooter driver.
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
p
20. Solve for x : tan - 1 ( 2x) + tan - 1( 3x) = .
4
p x tan x
21. Evaluate: ò dx.
0 sec x cosec x
æ1 1 ö dy
22. If y = x 2 + 1 - log ç + 1 + ÷, find .
èx 2 ø dx
x
23. Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
1 + a2 - b 2 2ab - 2b
2 2
2ab 1- a +b 2a = (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 3 .
2 2
2b - 2a 1- a -b
p x sin x
24. Evaluate: ò dx.
0
1 + cos 2 x
25. Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the circles x 2 + y 2 = 4 and
( x - 2) 2 + y 2 = 4.
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
æx-1ö æ x +1 ö p
20. Solve for x : tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷=
è x - 2ø è x + 2ø 4
é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù
21. If y = cot -1 ê ú, find dy
ê 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x ú dx
ë û
1
22. Evaluate: ò cot -1 [1 - x + x 2 ] dx
0
Examination Papers – 2008 7
SOLUTIONS
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. Given f ( x) = x + 7 and g( x) = x - 7, x Î R
fog( x) = f ( g( x)) = g ( x) + 7 = ( x - 7) + 7 = x
Þ ( fog) (7) = 7.
ép 1 ù ép p ù p
2. sin ê - sin - 1 æç - ö÷ ú = sin ê - æç - ö÷ ú = sin = 1
ë3 è ø
2 û ë3 è ø
6 û 2
é 1 3 ù é y 0 ù é 5 6 ù
3. 2ê
0 x ú + ê 1 2ú = ê1 8ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 2 6 ù é y 0ù é5 6ù
Þ ê 0 2xú + ê 1 2ú = ê1
ë û ë û ë 8úû
é2 + y 6 ù é5 6ù
Þ ê 1 =
ë 2x + 2úû êë1 8úû
Comparing both matrices
2 + y = 5 and 2x + 2 = 8
Þ y = 3 and 2x = 6
Þ x = 3, y = 3.
a + ib c + id
4.
- c + id a - ib
= ( a + ib) ( a - ib) - ( c + id) ( - c + id)
= [a 2 - i 2 b 2 ] - [i 2 d 2 - c 2 ]
= (a 2 + b 2 ) - (- d 2 - c 2 )
= a2 + b 2 + c 2 + d2
6 4
5. Minor of a 12 is M 12 = = - 42 - 4 = - 46
1 -7
8 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Cofactor C 12 = ( - 1) 1 + 2 M 12 = ( - 1) 3 ( - 46) = 46
x2
6. Let I = ò dx
1 + x3
Putting 1 + x 3 = t
Þ 3x 2 dx = dt
dt
or x 2 dx =
3
1 dt 1
\ I = ò = log|t| + C
3 t 3
1
= log|1 + x 3 | + C
3
1 dx
7. ò0 1 + x2
1
= tan - 1 x = tan - 1 (1) - tan - 1 ( 0)
0
p p
= -0= .
4 4
®
8. a = 3i$ - 2j$ + 6k$
®
® a
Unit vector in direction of a =
®
| a|
3i$ - 2j$ + 6k$ 1 $
= = ( 3i - 2j$ + 6k$)
3 2 + ( - 2) 2 + 6 2 7
® ®
9. a = i$ - j$ + k$ Þ | a | = 1 2 + ( - 1) 2 + 1 2 = 3
® ®
b = i$ + j$ - k$ Þ | b | = (1) 2 + (1) 2 + ( - 1) 2 = 3
® ® ® ®
a . b =| a || b |cos q
Þ 1-1-1= 3 . 3 cos q Þ - 1 = 3 cos q
1 1
Þ cos q = - Þ q = cos - 1 æç - ö÷
3 è 3ø
® ®
10. a and b are perpendicular if
® ®
a.b =0
Þ ( 2i$ + lj$ + k$) . (i$ - 2j$ + 3k$) = 0
5
Þ 2 - 2l + 3 = 0 Þ l= .
2
Examination Papers – 2008 9
SECTION–B
11. (i) Given N be the set
a+b
a *b = " a, b Î N
2
To find * is commutative or not.
a+b b + a
Now, a * b = = \ (addition is commulative on N)
2 2
= b*a
So a *b = b * a
\ * is commutative.
(ii) To find a * (b * c) = ( a * b) * c or not
æb + c ö
a+ ç ÷
æb + c ö è 2 ø 2a + b + c
Now a * (b * c) = a * ç ÷= = ...(i)
è 2 ø 2 4
a+b
+c
æa + bö 2
( a * b) * c = ç ÷ *c =
è 2 ø 2
a + b +2c
= ...(ii)
4
From (i) and (ii)
( a * b) * c ¹ a * (b * c)
Hence the operation is not associative.
1 1 1 1
12. L.H.S. = tan - 1 + tan - 1 + tan - 1 + tan - 1
3 5 7 8
1 1 1 1
+ +
= tan - 1 3 5 + tan - 1 7 8
1 1 1 1
1- ´ 1- ´
3 5 7 8
8 15
= tan - 1 + tan - 1
14 55
4 3
+
-1 4 -1 3 -1 7 11
= tan + tan = tan
7 11 4 3
1- ´
7 11
-1 65 - 1 65 -1 p
= tan = tan = tan 1= = R.H.S
77 - 12 65 4
13. We know that any matrix can be expressed as the sum of symmetric and skew symmetric.
1 1
So, A = ( A T + A) + ( A - A T )
2 2
10 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é9 - 4 - 5 8-8 8 - 8 ù é 0 0 0ù
2 ê
A - 4A - 5I = 8 - 8 9- 4-5 8 - 8 ú = ê 0 0 0ú.
ê ú ê ú
êë 8 - 8 8-8 9 - 4 - 5úû êë 0 0 0úû
14. For continuity of the function at x = 2
lim f ( 2 - h) = f ( 2) = lim f ( 2 + h)
h®0 h®0
Now, f ( 2 - h) = 2 ( 2 - h) + 1 = 5 - 2h
\ lim f ( 2 - h) = 5
h®0
Also, f ( 2 + h) = 3( 2 + h) - 1 = 5 + 3h
lim f ( 2 + h) = 5
h®0
dy
16. Slope of tangent =
dx
dy d(cos 2t)
- 2 sin 2t
= dt = dt =
dx d(sin 3t) 3 cos 3t
dt dt
p
- 2 ´ sin
\
æ dy ö
= 2 = - 2´1 = 2 2
ç ÷ 3p
è dx ø at t =
p æ 1 ö 3
3 ´ cos 3 ´ ç- ÷
4 4 è ø
2
3p 1
Now x = sin æç ö÷ =
è 4 ø 2
2 p
y = cos æç ö÷ = 0
è 4 ø
\ Equation of tangent is
dy æ æ 1 öö
y-0= çx - ç ÷÷
dx è è 2 øø
2 2 æ 1 ö
y= çx - ÷
3 è 2ø
2 2 2
y= x-
3 3
or 3y = 2 2 x - 2.
p x sin x
17. Let I = ò dx
0
1 + cos 2 x
a a
Apply the property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx
0 0
p ( p - x) sin xdx
I=ò
0
1 + cos 2 x
p dx p dx
I=pò -I Þ 2I = p ò
2
0
1 + cos x 0
1 + cos 2 x
p/ 2 sec 2 x é Using 2a a
I =p ò dx êë ò0 f ( x) dx = 2ò f ( x) dxùú
0 2 0 û
1 + sec x
p/ 2 sec 2 x
I =p ò dx
0
2 + tan 2 x
Putting tan x = t if x = 0, t = 0
p
sec 2 xdx = dt if x = , t=¥
2
Examination Papers – 2008 13
¥ dt
I =p ò
0
( 2) 2 + t 2
1 æ t ö ¥
I=p tan - 1
ç ÷
2 è 2ø 0
p æpö
I= ç ÷
2 è2ø
p2
I=
2 2
18. ( x 2 - y 2 ) dx + 2xy dy = 0
dy (x 2 - y 2 )
=- ...(i)
dx 2xy
It is homogeneous differential equation.
xdu dy
Putting y = ux Þ u+ =
dx dx
du (1 - u 2 ) æ 1 - u2 ö
From (i) u + x = - x2 =-ç ÷
dx 2x 2 u ç 2u ÷
è ø
xdu é 1 - u2 ù
Þ =-ê + uú
dx êë 2u úû
xdu é 1 + u2 ù
Þ =-ê ú
dx êë 2u úû
2u dx
Þ du = -
2 x
1+u
Integrating both sides, we get
2udu dx
Þ ò 1 + u2 = - ò x
Þ log|1 + u 2 | = - log| x| + log C
x2 + y2
Þ log | x| = log C
x2
x2 + y2
Þ =C
x
Þ x 2 + y 2 = Cx
Given that y = 1 when x = 1
Þ 1 + 1 = C Þ C = 2.
\ Solution is x 2 + y 2 = 2x.
14 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
dy x( 2y - x)
= ...(i)
dx x( 2y + x)
Lety = ux
dy du
=u+ x
dx dx
du æ 2u - 1 ö
Þ u+ x. =ç ÷ [from(i)]
dx è 2u + 1 ø
du 2u - 1
x = -u
dx 2u + 1
2
du 2u - 1 - 2u - u
x =
dx 2u + 1
2u + 1 dx
Þ ò u - 1 - 2u2 du = ò x
2u + 1 dx
Þ ò 2u2 - u + 1 du = - ò x
1 3
Let 2u + 1 = A( 4u - 1) + B ; A = , B=
2 2
3
1 4u - 1 2
Þ
2 ò 2u2 - u + 1 du + ò 2u2 - u + 1 du = - log x + k
1 3 du
Þ log ( 2u 2 - u + 1) + ò = - log x + k
2 4 æ 1ö2 7
çu - ÷ +
è 4ø 16
éæ 1öù
ê çu - ÷ ú
3 1 è 4ø
log ( 2u 2 - u + 1) + tan - 1 ê ú = - 2 log x + k ¢
2 7 ê 7 ú
4 êë 4 úû
y
Putting u = and then y = 1 and x = 1, we get
x
6 3
k ¢ = log 2 + tan -1
7 7
æ 2y - xy + x 2 ö
2
4y - x ö
\ Solution is log çç ÷ + 6 tan -1 æç ÷ + 2 log x = log 2 +
6
tan -1
3
2 ÷ 7 è 7 x ø 7 7
è x ø
dy
19. cos 2 x + y = tanx
dx
dy
+ sec 2 x ´ y = sec 2 x tan x
dx
Examination Papers – 2008 15
= e t . t -ò e t dt = e t . t - e t + k
= e tan x (tan x - 1) + k
\ y. e tan x = e tan x (tan x - 1) + k
where k is some constant.
® ®
20. Given a = i$ + j$ + k$ and b = j$ - k$
®
Let c = xi$ + yj$ + zk$
i$ j$ k$
® ®
a ´ c = 1 1 1 = i$ (z - y) + j$ ( x - z) + k$ ( y - x)
x y z
® ® ®
Given a ´ c = b
(z - y)i$ + ( x - z) j$ + ( y - x) k$ = j$ - k$.
Comparing both sides
z-y=0 \ z=y
x-z =1 \ x=1+z
y- x= -1 \ y= x-1
® ®
Also, a.c =3
(i + j + k$) . ( xi$ + yj$ + zk$) = 3
$ $
x +y +z= 3
(1 + z) + z + z = 3
3z = 2 \ z= 2 / 3
y=2/ 3
2 5
x=1 + =
3 3
® 1
c = (5i$ + 2j$ + 2k$)
3
16 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
® ® ®
a + b + c =0
® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ) 2 = ( - c) 2
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ) .( a + b ) = c. c
® ® ® ® ®
Þ | a |2 +| b |2 + 2 a . b =| c |2
® ®
Þ 9 + 25 + 2 a . b = 49
® ®
Þ 2 a . b = 49 - 25 - 9
® ®
Þ 2| a || b |cos q = 15
Þ 30 cos q = 15
1
Þ cos q = = cos 60°
2
Þ q = 60°
x- 3 y -5 z -7 x+1 y +1 z +1
21. Let = = =l and = = =k
1 -2 1 7 -6 1
Now, let’s take a point on first line as A line 1
A ( l + 3, -2l + 5, l + 7) and let
B (7 k - 1, - 6k - 1, k - 1) be point on the second line
The direction ratio of the line AB
7 k - l - 4, - 6k + 2l - 6, k - l - 8 B line 2
Now as AB is the shortest distance between line 1 and line 2 so,
(7 k - l - 4) ´ 1 + ( - 6k + 2l - 6) ´ ( -2) + ( k - l - 8) ´ 1 = 0 ...(i)
and (7 k - l - 4) ´ 7 + ( - 6k + 2l - 6) ´ ( -6) + ( k - l - 8) ´ 1 = 0 ...(ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
l = 0 and k = 0
\ A º ( 3, 5, 7) and B º ( - 1, - 1, - 1)
\ AB = ( 3 + 1) 2 + (5 + 1) 2 + (7 + 1) 2 = 16 + 36 + 64 = 116 units = 2 29 units
OR
x+ 2 y+1 z- 3
Let = = =l
3 2 2
\ ( 3l - 2, 2l - 1, 2l + 3) is any general point on the line
Now if the distance of the point from (1, 2, 3) is 3 2, then
( 3l - 2 - 1) 2 + ( 2l - 1 - 2) 2 + ( 2l + 3 - 3) 2 = ( 3 2 )
Þ ( 3l - 3) 2 + ( 2l - 3) 2 + 4l2 = 18
Þ 9l2 - 18l + 9 + 4l2 - 12l + 9 + 4l2 = 18
Examination Papers – 2008 17
Þ 17 l2 - 30l = 0
Þ l(17 l - 30) = 0
30
Þ l = 0 or l=
17
56 43 77 ö
\ Required point on the line is ( -2, -1, 3) or æç , , ÷
è 17 17 17 ø
22. Let X be the numbers of doublets. Then, X = 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
P (X = 0) = P (non doublet in each case)
æ 5 5 5 5 ö 625
P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) = ç ´ ´ ´ ÷ =
è 6 6 6 6 ø 1296
é n r r 1 5ù
P (X = 1) = P (one doublet) ê Alternatively use Cr p q where p = 6 , q = 6 úû
ë
= P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 )
1 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1
= æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷
è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø
125 ö 125
= æç 4 ´ ÷=
è 1296 ø 324
P(X = 2) = P (two doublets)
= P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 )
or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 )
1 1 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 1
= æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷
è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø
5 1 1 5 5 1 5 1 5 5 1 1
+ æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷
è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø
25 ö 25
= æç 6 ´ ÷=
è 1296 ø 216
P (X = 3) = P (three doublets)
= P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 ) or P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 )
1 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 1
= æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ + æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷
è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø è 6 6 6 6ø
5 ö 5
= æç 4 ´ ÷=
è 1296 ø 324
P (X = 4) = P (four doublets) = P (D 1D 2 D 3 D 4 )
1 1 1 1 1
= æç ´ ´ ´ ö÷ =
è 6 6 6 6 ø 1296
Thus, we have
X = xi 0 1 2 3 4
Pi 625 125 25 5 1
1296 324 216 324 1296
18 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–C
a b g
2 2
23. L.H.S. = a b g2
b+g g +a a +b
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + R 1 and taking common (a + b + g ) from R 3 .
a b g
2 2
= (a + b + g ) a b g2
1 1 1
a b -a g -a
= (a + b + g ) a 2 b2 - a 2 g2 -a2 (Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C 1 , C 3 ® C 3 - C 1 )
1 0 0
= (a + b + g )[( g 2 - a 2 ) (b - a ) - ( g - a ) (b 2 - a 2 )] (Expanding along R 3 )
= (a + b + g )( g - a ) (b - a ) [( g + a ) - (b + a )]
= (a + b + g )( g - a ) (b - a ) ( g - b)
= (a + b + g )(a - b) (b - g ) ( g - a )
24. Let x and y be the length and breadth of rectangle and R be the radius of given circle, (i. e. R is
constant).
Now, in right D ABC, we have
D C
x 2 + y 2 = ( 2 R) 2
O
x 2 + y 2 = 4R 2 Þ y = 4R 2 - x 2 ....(i) 2R y
Þ A = x 4R 2 - x 2 [from (i)]
For area to be maximum or minimum
dA
=0
dx
1
Þ x´ ´ - 2x + 4R 2 - x 2 ´ 1 = 0
2 2
2 4R - x
-x 2 ( 4R 2 - x 2 ) 2 - x 2
Þ + 4R 2 - x 2 = 0 Þ =0
4R 2 - x 2 4R 2 - x 2
Þ 4R 2 - x 2 - x 2 = 0 Þ 4R 2 - 2x 2 = 0
x 2 - 2R 2 = 0 Þ x = 2R
Examination Papers – 2008 19
d2A 2x ( x 2 - 6R 2 )
Now, =
dx 2 ( 4R 2 - x 2 ) 3 / 2
d2A -8 2 R3
\ = <0
dx 2 at x = 2 R ( 2R 2 ) 3 / 2
So, area will be maximum at x = 2R
Now, from (i), we have
y = 4R 2 - x 2 = 4R 2 - 2R 2 = 2R 2
y = 2R
Here x=y= 2 R
So the area will be maximum when ABCD is a square.
OR
Let radius CD of inscribed cylinder be x and height OC be H and q be the semi-vertical angle
of cone.
B
Therefore,
OC = OB - BC q
Þ H = h - x cot q
D
Now, volume of cylinder C
h
V = px 2 ( h - x cot q)
Þ V = p ( x 2 h - x 3 cot q)
For maximum or minimum value
dV O A
=0 Þ p( 2xh - 3x 2 cot q) = 0
dx
Þ px( 2h - 3x cot q) = 0
\ 2h - 3x cot q = 0 (as x = 0 is not possible)
2h
Þ x= tan q
3
d 2V
Now, = p ( 2h - 6x cot q)
dx 2
d 2V
Þ = 2ph - 6px cot q
dx 2
d 2V 2h
Þ = 2 ph - 6 p ´ tan q cot q
2 2 h tan q 3
dx at x =
3
= 2 ph - 4 ph = - 2 ph < 0
20 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
2h
Hence, volume will be maximum when x = tan q.
3
Therefore, height of cylinder
H = h - x cot q
2h 2h h
=h- tan q cot q = h - = .
3 3 3
1
Thus height of the cylinder is of height of cone.
3
9
25. x 2 + y 2 = ...(i)
4
y 2 = 4x ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2
æ y2 ö
ç ÷ + y2 = 9
Y'
ç 4 ÷ 4
è ø
y= 2
Let y2 = t 2
X' X
t2 9 ( 3 , 0)
+t = (– 3 , 0) 2
16 4 2 – 2 y=– 2
t 2 + 16t = 36
t 2 + 18t - 2t - 36 = 0 Y
2 æ 9 2 y2 ö
=ò ç - y - ÷ dy
- 2 ç 4 4 ÷ø
è
2
= 2ò
2 æ 3 ö - y 2 dy - 2 2
y 2 dy
0
ç ÷
è2ø 4 ò0
2 2
éy 9 9 y ù 1 æy3 ö
= 2ê - y 2 + sin - 1
ú - ç ÷
ç 3 ÷
ë2 4 8 3 / 2û 0 2 è ø0
é 2 9 9 2 2ù 1
= 2ê - 2 + sin - 1
ú- 2 2
ë 2 4 8 3 û 6
Examination Papers – 2008 21
1 9 æ2 2ö 2
= + sin - 1
ç ÷-
2 4 è 3 ø 3
1 9 æ2 2ö
= + sin - 1
ç ÷ sq. units
3 2 4 è 3 ø
a a-x
26. Let I = ò dx
-a a+x
Put x = a cos 2q
dx = a ( - sin 2q) 2dq
If x = a, then cos 2q = 1
2q = 0
q=0
x = - a, cos 2 q = - 1
2q = p
p
q=
2
0 a - a cos 2q
\ I=ò a ( - sin 2q) 2dq
p/ 2 a + a cos 2q
p/ 2 2 sin 2 q
=ò 2a sin 2q dq
0
2 cos 2 q
p/ 2 p/ 2
= 2 aò 2 sin 2 q dq = 2aò (1 - cos 2q) dq
0 0
The shaded region in the figure represents the feasible region which is bounded. Let us now
evaluate Z at each corner point.
at (0, 0) Z is 60 ´ 0 + 40 ´ 0 = 0
15 15
Z at æç 0, ö÷ is 60 ´ 0 + 40 ´ = 300
è 2ø 2
Z at ( 6, 0) is 60 ´ 6 + 40 ´ 0 = 360
9 45 9 45
Z at æç , ö÷ is 60 ´ + 40 ´ = 135 + 225 = 360.
è4 8 ø 4 8
Þ max. Z = 360
Therefore there must be
9 45
either x = 6, y = 0 or x = ,y= but second case is not possible as x and y are whole
4 8
numbers. Hence there must be 6 machines of type A and no machine of type B is required for
maximum daily output.
29. Let E1 be the event that insured person is scooter driver,
E2 be the event that insured person is car driver,
E 3 be the event that insured person is truck driver,
and A be the event that insured person meets with an accident.
2, 000 1 æAö
\ P(E1 ) = = , P ç ÷ = 0.01
12, 000 6 è E1 ø
E1 E2 E3
4, 000 1 æAö
P(E2 ) = = , P ç ÷ = 0.03
12000 3 è E2 ø
6, 000 1 æAö A
P(E 3 ) = = , P ç ÷ = 0.15
12, 000 2 èE3 ø
æAö
P(E1 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
\ P ç 1÷ =
èAø æAö æAö æAö
P(E1 ) . P ç ÷ + P(E2 ) . P ç ÷ + P(E 3 ) . P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø èE3 ø
1
´ 0.01
6 1 1
= = =
1 1 1
´ 0.01 + ´ 0.03 + ´ 0.15 1 + 6 + 45 52
6 3 2
Set–II
20. We have,
p
tan - 1 ( 2x) + tan - 1 ( 3x) =
4
é 2x + 3x ù p x+y
Þ tan - 1
ê ú= [Using property tan - 1 x + tan - 1 y = tan - 1
]
ë 1 - ( 2x) . ( 3x) û 4 1 - xy
24 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
5x p
Þ tan - 1
=
2 4
1 - 6x
5x
Þ =1 Þ 6x 2 + 5x - 1 = 0
2
1 - 6x
2
Þ 6x + 6x - x - 1 = 0
Þ 6x( x + 1) - 1( x + 1) = 0
Þ ( x + 1) ( 6x - 1) = 0
1
Þ x = - 1, which is the required solution.
6
p x tan x
21. Let I = ò dx
0 sec x cosec x
sin x
x.
p cos x
Þ I=ò dx
0 1 1
.
cos x sin x
p
Þ I = ò x sin 2 x dx ...(i)
0
p a a
Þ I = ò ( p - x) . sin 2 ( p - x) dx [Using property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx]
0 0 0
p 2
Þ I = ò ( p - x) sin x dx ...(ii)
0
Adding (i) and (ii) we have
p
2I = ò p sin 2 x dx
0
p p p ép sin 2x ù p
Þ 2I = p ò sin 2 x dx = ò0 (1 - cos 2x) dx Þ 2I = ê x -
0 2 ë2 2 úû 0
p éæ sin 2p ö æ sin 0 ö ù p p2
Þ 2I = ê çè p - 2 ÷ø - çè 0 - 2 ÷ø ú Þ 2I = [p] =
2 ë û 2 2
2
p
\ I= .
4
p x tan x p2
Hence ò dx = .
0 sec x . cosec x 4
æ1 1 ö
22. We have, y = x 2 + 1 - log ç + 1 + ÷
èx x2 ø
æ1 + x 2 + 1 ö
Þ y = x 2 + 1 - log çç ÷
÷
x
è ø
x x ( x 2 + 1 - 1) 1
= - ´ +
x +1 2 2
x + 1 ( x + 1 + 1) 2 2
( x + 1 - 1) x
x æç x 2 + 1 - 1ö÷
x è ø 1
= - +
x +1 2 2
( x + 1) ( x ) 2 x
x ( x 2 + 1 - 1) 1
= - +
x2 + 1 x x2 + 1 x
x2 + 1 - x2+ 1 + x2+ 1
=
x x2+ 1
x2 + 1 x2+ 1
= =
x x2+ 1 x
1 + a2 - b 2 2ab - 2b
2 2
23. Let D = 2ab 1- a +b 2a
2b - 2a 1 - a2 - b 2
p x sin x
24. Let I = ò dx ...(i)
0
1 + cos 2 x
p ( p - x) sin ( p - x) a a
Þ I=ò dx [Using property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx]
0 2 0 0
1 + cos ( p - x)
p ( p - x) sin x
Þ I=ò dx
0
1 + ( - cos x) 2
p ( p - x) sin x
Þ I=ò dx ...(ii)
0
1 + cos 2 x
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
p p sin x p sin x
2I = ò dx = p ò dx
2
0
1 + cos x 0
1 + cos 2 x
Let cos x = t Þ - sin x dx = dt Þ sin x dx = - dt
As x = 0, t = 1 and x = p, t = - 1
Now, we have
- 1 - dt
2I = ò
1
1 + t2
1 dt
Þ 2I = ò = [tan - 1 (t)] 1- 1
-1 2
1+t
represents a circle with centre (2, 0) and radius 2. To find the point of intersection of the given
curves, we solve (i) and (ii). Simultaneously, we find the two curves intersect at A (1, 3 ) and
D(1, - 3 ).
Since both the curves are symmetrical about x-axis, So, the required area = 2( Area OABCO)
Now, we slice the area OABCO into vertical strips. We observe that the vertical strips change
their character at A(1, 3 ). So,
Area OABCO = Area OACO + Area CABC.
Examination Papers – 2008 27
y
When area OACO is sliced in the vertical strips, we find A (1, 3)
that each strip has its upper end on the circle
( x - 2) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = 4 and the lower end on x-axis. So, the
approximating rectangle shown in figure has length = y 1
x
width = Dx and area = y 1 Dx. x' O B (2, 0)
As it can move from x = 0 to x = 1
1
\ Area OACO = ò y 1 dx C (1, 0)
0
1 y' D (1, – 3)
\ Area OACO = ò 4 - ( x - 2) 2 dx
0
Similarly, approximating rectangle in the region CABC has length = y 2 , width = Dx and area
= y 2 Dx.
As it can move from x = 1 to x = 2
2 2
\ Area CABC = ò y 2 dx = ò 4 - x 2 dx
1 1
Hence, required area A is given by
1 2
A = 2 éê ò 4 - ( x - 2) 2 dx + ò 4-x 2
dxùú
ë 0 1 û
é é ( x - 2) 4 ( x - 2) ù 1 é x 4 xù 2 ù
Þ A = 2 êê . 4 - ( x - 2) 2 + sin - 1
ú + . 4 - x 2 + sin - 1
ú
êë ë 2 2 2 û0 ë2 ê 2 2 úû 1 ú
û
ì 3 1 3 1ü
Þ A = 2 í- + 2 sin - 1 æç - ö÷ - 2 sin - 1 ( - 1) + 2 sin - 1 (1) - - 2 sin - 1
ý
îï 2 è 2 ø 2 2þ
é p p p p ù
= 2 ê - 3 - 2 æç ö÷ + 2 æç ö÷ + 2 æç ö÷ - 2æç ö÷ ú
ë è 6 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 6 øû
2p
= 2 æç - 3 - + 2p ö÷
è 3 ø
4p 8p
= 2æç - 3 ö÷ = æç - 2 3 ö÷ sq. units.
è 3 ø è 3 ø
Set–III
20. We have,
æx-1ö æx+1ö p
tan - 1
ç ÷ + tan - 1
ç ÷=
è x - 2ø è x + 2ø 4
ì x-1 x+1 ü
ï + ï
-1ï x-2 x+2 ï p
Þ tan í ý=
ï 1 - æç x - 1 ö÷ æç x + 1 ö÷ ï 4
ï è x - 2 ø è x + 2 ø ïþ
ïî
28 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
ì ( x - 1) ( x + 2) + ( x - 2) ( x + 1) ü p
Þ tan - 1 í ý=
ïî ( x - 2) ( x + 2) - ( x - 1) ( x + 1) þ 4
ìï x 2 + x - 2 + x 2 - x - 2 üï p
Þ tan - 1 í ý=
ïî x2 - 4 - x2 +1 ïþ 4
æ 2x 2 - 4 ö p
Þ tan - 1 ç ÷=
ç -3 ÷ 4
è ø
2x 2 - 4 p 2x 2 - 4
Þ = tan Þ =1
-3 4 -3
Þ 2x 2 - 4 = - 3
1 1
Þ 2x 2 = 1 Þ x2 = Þ x=±
2 2
1 1
Hence, x= ,- are the required values.
2 2
é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù
21. Given y = cot -1 ê ú
êë 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x úû
é ( 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ) ( 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x) ù
= cot -1 ê ú
êë ( 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x ) ( 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ) úû
é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x + 2 1 - sin 2 x ù
= cot -1 ê ú
ê 1 + sin x - 1 + sin x ú
ë û
x
2 cos 2
-1 é 2 (1 + cos x) ù -1 2
= cot ê ú = cot
ë 2 sin x û x x
2 sin cos
2 2
x x
= cot -1 æç cot ö÷ =
è 2ø 2
dy 1
= =
dx 2
1
22. Let I = ò cot - 1 (1 - x + x 2 ) dx
0
1
1 éQ cot - 1 ù
= ò tan - 1
dx 1
x = tan - 1
2 êë x úû
0 1-x+x
1
x + (1 - x)
= ò tan - 1
dx [Q 1 can be written as x + 1 - x]
1 - x (1 - x)
0
Examination Papers – 2008 29
1 é ù
ì a+b ü
= ò [tan - 1
x + tan - 1 (1 - x)] dx êQ tan - 1
í ý = tan
- 1
a + tan - 1 b ú
0 êë îï 1 - ab þ úû
1 1
= ò tan - 1
x dx + ò tan - 1 (1 - x) dx
0 0
1 1 é a a ù
= ò tan - 1 xdx + ò tan - 1 [1 - (1 - x)] dx êQ ò f ( x) = ò f ( a - x) dx úú
0 0 êë 0 0 û
1 1
= 2 ò tan - 1 xdx = 2 ò tan - 1
x. 1 dx, integrating by parts, we get
0 0
é 1 ù
1 1
= 2 ê {tan - 1
x. x}0 - ò × xdx ú
2
êë 01+ x úû
1
2x p
= 2 [tan - 1 1 - 0] - ò dx = 2 × - [log (1 + x 2 )] 10
2 4
01 +x
p p
= - (log 2 - log 1) = - log 2 [Q log 1 = 0 ]
2 2
a + b + 2c a b
23. Let D = c b + c + 2a b
c a c + a + 2b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we have
2( a + b + c) a b
D = 2( a + b + c) b + c + 2a b
2( a + b + c) a c + a + 2b
Taking out 2( a + b + c) from C 1 , we have
1 a b
D = 2( a + b + c) 1 b + c + 2a b
1 a c + a + 2b
Interchanging row into column, we have
1 1 1
D = 2( a + b + c) a b + c + 2a a
b b c + a + 2b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 , we have
0 0 1
D = 2( a + b + c) - ( a + b + c) a+b + c a
0 - ( a + b + c) c + a + 2b
30 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
p ( p - x) tan ( p - x) a a
I=ò dx [Using property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx]
0 sec ( p - x) + tan ( p - x) 0 0
p - ( p - x) tan x
Þ I=ò dx
0 - sec x - tan x
Examination Papers – 2008 31
p ( p - x) tan x
Þ I=ò dx ...(ii)
0 sec x + tan x
Adding (i) and (ii) we have
p p tan x
2I = ò dx
0 sec x + tan x
p tan x
Þ 2I = p ò dx
0 sec x + tan x
Set–I
SECTION–A
3x - 2
1. If f ( x) is an invertible function, find the inverse of f ( x) = .
5
1-x 1
2. Solve for x : tan - 1
= tan - 1
x; x > 0
1+x 2
é x + 3y yù é 4 - 1ù
3. If ê ú=ê 4 úû
, find the values of x and y.
ë 7 - x 4û ë 0
4. Show that the points (1, 0), (6, 0), (0, 0) are collinear.
x + cos 6x
5. Evaluate : ò dx
3x 2 + sin 6x
3x 2
6. If ò ( e ax + bx) dx = 4e 4 x + , find the values of a and b.
2
® ® ® ® ® ®
7. If| a | = 3 ,| b | = 2 and angle between a and b is 60°, find a . b .
®
8. Find a vector in the direction of vector a = i$ - 2j$, whose magnitude is 7.
x- 3 y+ 2 z-5
9. If the equation of a line AB is = = , find the direction ratios of a line parallel to AB.
1 -2 4
x+2 3
10. If = 3, find the value of x.
x+5 4
SECTION–B
11. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R as relation in T given by R = {(T1 , T2 ) : T1 @ T2 }.
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
p 1 a p 1 a 2b
12. Prove that tan æç + cos - 1 ö÷ + tan æç - cos - 1 ö÷ = .
è4 2 bø è4 2 bø a
Examination Papers – 2008 33
OR
-1 -1 8 -1
Solve tan ( x + 1) + tan ( x - 1) = tan
31
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that following:
a + b + 2c a b
c b + c + 2a b = 2( a + b + c) 3
c a c + a + 2b
14. Discuss the continuity of the following function at x = 0 :
ì x 4 + 2x 3 + x 2
ï , x¹0
f ( x) = í tan - 1 x
ï 0, x=0
î
OR
Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the following function:
f ( x) = x 2 + 2x + 3, for [4, 6].
sec x - 1 p
15. If f ( x) = , find f '( x). Also find f ¢ æç ö÷.
sec + 1 è 2ø
OR
dy
If x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0, find .
dx
p/ 2
16. Show that ò tan x + cot x = 2p
0
17. Prove that the curves x = y 2 and xy = k intersect at right angles if 8k 2 = 1.
18. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
x + y = x log x; x ¹ 0
dx
19. Form the differential equation representing the parabolas having vertex at the origin and
axis along positive direction of x-axis.
OR
Solve the following differential equation:
( 3xy + y 2 ) dx + ( x 2 + xy) dy = 0
20. If i$ + j$ + k$ , 2i$ + 5j$ , 3i$ + 2j$ - 3k$ and i$ - 6j$ - k$ are the position vectors of the points A , B, C and
¾® ¾® ¾® ¾®
D, find the angle between AB and CD . Deduce that AB and CD are collinear.
21. Find the equation of the line passing through the point P(4, 6, 2) and the point of intersection
x-1 y z +1
of the line = = and the plane x + y - z = 8.
3 2 7
22. A and B throw a pair of die turn by turn. The first to throw 9 is awarded a prize. If A starts the
9
game, show that the probability of A getting the prize is .
17
34 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–C
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
2x - y + z = 3
-x + 2y - z = - 4
x - y + 2z = 1
OR
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
é 2 - 1 4ù
ê4 0 2ú
ê ú
ëê 3 - 2 7 ûú
x2 y2
24. Find the maximum area of the isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse + = 1, with its
a2 b2
vertex at one end of major axis.
OR
Show that the semi–vertical angle of the right circular cone of given total surface area and
1
maximum volume is sin - 1 .
3
25. Find the area of that part of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 which is exterior to the parabola y 2 = 6x.
p x tan x
26. Evaluate: ò dx
0 sec x + tan x
x + 2 2y + 3 3z + 4
27. Find the distance of the point ( - 2, 3, - 4) from the line = = measured
3 4 5
parallel to the plane 4x + 12y - 3z + 1 = 0.
28. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs. 400 is made on each
first class ticket and a profit of Rs. 300 is made on each second class ticket. The airline
reserves at least 20 seats for first class. However, at least four times as many passengers
prefer to travel by second class then by first class. Determine how many tickets of each type
must be sold to maximise profit for the airline. Form an LPP and solve it graphically.
29. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and report that it is a 6. Find
the probability that it is actually 6.
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
20. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
a a + b a + 2b
a + 2b a a + b = 9b 2 ( a + b)
a+b a + 2b a
Examination Papers – 2008 35
p/ 2
21. Evaluate: ò log sin x dx
0
22. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
(1 + x 2 ) + y = tan - 1 x
dx
27. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
3x - 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y - z = 1
4x - 3y + 2z = 4
OR
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
é 2 5 3ù
ê 3 4 1ú
ê ú
êë 1 6 2 úû
28. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 3000 car drivers and 4000 truck drivers.
The probabilities of their meeting with an accident respectively are 0.04, 0.06 and 0.15. One of
the insured persons meets with an accident. Find the probability that he is a car driver.
29. Using integration, find the area bounded by the lines x + 2y = 2, y - x = 1 and 2x + y = 7.
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given.
20. If a, b and c are all positive and distinct, show that
a b c
D = b c a has a negative value.
c a b
1
21. Evaluate: ò cot - 1 (1 - x + x 2 ) dx
0
22. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
x log x + y = 2 log x
dx
27. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
x+ y+z= 4
2x + y - 3z = - 9
2x - y + z = - 1
OR
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
36 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é 2 5 3ù
ê 3 4 1ú
ê ú
êë 1 6 3úû
28. Find the area bounded by the curves ( x - 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 and x 2 + y 2 = 1.
29. An insurance company insured 3000 scooter drivers, 5000 car drivers and 7000 truck drivers.
The probabilities of their meeting with an accident respectively are 0.04, 0.05 and 0.15 One of
the insured persons meets with an accident. Find the probability that he is a car driver.
SOLUTIONS
Set – I
SECTION–A
3x - 2
1. Given f ( x) =
5
3x - 2
Let y=
5
5y + 2
Þ 3x - 2 = 5y Þ x=
3
5x + 2
Þ f - 1 ( x) =
3
æ1 - x ö 1
2. tan - 1
ç ÷ = tan - 1
x
è1 + x ø 2
æ1 - x ö
Þ 2 tan - 1
ç ÷ = tan - 1
x
è1 + x ø
æ1 - x ö
2ç ÷
è1 + x ø
Þ tan - 1
= tan - 1
x
2
æ1 - x ö
1-ç ÷
è1 + x ø
æ1 - x ö (1 + x) 2
Þ tan - 1
2ç ÷ = tan - 1
x
è 1 + x ø (1 + x) 2 - (1 - x) 2
2 (1 + x) (1 - x)
Þ tan - 1
= tan - 1
x
4x
æ1 - x 2 ö
Þ tan - 1 ç ÷ = tan - 1 x
ç 2x ÷
è ø
1 - x2
Þ =x Þ 1 - x 2 = 2x 2
2x
Examination Papers – 2008 37
1
Þ 3x 2 = 1 Þ x2 =
3
1 1 1
Þ ,-x= Þ x= (Q x > 0)
3 3 3
é x + 3y yù é 4 - 1ù
3. Given ê ú=ê 4 úû
ë 7 - x 4û ë 0
Hence x + 3y = 4 ...(i)
y= -1 ...(ii)
7 -x=0 ...(iii)
Þ x = 7, y = - 1
1 0 1
4. Since 6 0 1 = 0
0 0 1
Hence (1, 0), (6, 0) and (0, 0) are collinear.
x + cos 6x
5. Let I= ò dx
3x 2 + sin 6x
Let 3x 2 + sin 6x = t
Þ ( 6x + 6 cos 6x) dx = dt
dt
Þ ( x + cos 6x) dx =
6
dt 1 1
\ I= ò = log|t|+ C = log| 3x 2 + sin 6x|+C
6t 6 6
ax 4x 3x 2
6. ò ( e + bx) dx = 4e + 2
Differentiating both sides, we get
( e ax + bx) = 16e 4 x + 3x
On comparing, we get b = 3
But a cannot be found out.
® ®
7. | a | = 3 , | b |= 2
® ® ® ®
a . b =| a |.| b |cos q
= 3 . 2 . cos 60°
= 3
®
8. a = i$ - 2j$
® i$ - 2j$
Unit vector in the direction of a =
5
® 7 $ 14 $
Hence a vector in the direction of a having magnitude 7 will be i- j.
5 5
38 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–B
11. (i) Reflexive
R is reflexive if T R T "T1
1 1
Since T1 @ T1
\ R is reflexive.
(ii) Symmetric
R is symmetric if T R T Þ T R T
1 2 2 1
Since T1 @ T2 Þ T2 @ T1
\ R is symmetric.
(iii) Transitive
R is transitive if
T1 R T2 and T2 R T 3 Þ T1 R T 3
Since T1 @ T2 and T2 @ T3 Þ T1 @ T3
\ R is transitive
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
R is an equivalence relation.
p 1 a p 1 a
12. L.H.S. = tan æç + cos - 1 ö÷ + tan æç - cos - 1 ö÷
è4 2 bø è4 2 bø
p 1 a p 1 a
tan + tan æç cos - 1 ö÷ tan - tan æç cos - 1 ö÷
4 è2 bø 4 è2 bø
= +
p 1 a p 1 a
1 - tan tan æç cos - 1 ö÷ 1 + tan tan æç cos - 1 ö÷
4 è 2 b ø 4 è 2 bø
1 a 1 a
1 + tan æç cos - 1 ö÷ 1 - tan æç cos - 1 ö÷
è2 b ø è 2 bø
= +
1 a 1 a
1 - tan æç cos - 1 ö÷ 1 + tan æç cos - 1 ö÷
è2 b ø è 2 bø
2 2
é æ1 - 1 æ aööù é æ1 - 1 æ aööù
ê1 + tan ç cos çè ÷ø ÷ ú + ê1 - tan ç cos çè ÷ø ÷ ú
è2 b ûø è 2 b øû
=ë ë
1 a
1 - tan 2 æç cos - 1 ö÷
è2 bø
Examination Papers – 2008 39
1 a
2 sec 2 æç cos - 1 ö÷
è2 bø 2 sec 2 q 2(1 + tan 2 q) é 1 - 1 æ aö = qù
= = = êë Let 2 cos ç ÷ úû
1 a 2
1 - tan 2 q èb ø
1 - tan 2 æç cos - 1 ö÷ 1 - tan q
è2 bø
2 2 2
= = =
cos 2q æ 1 - 1 aö a
cos 2ç cos ÷
è2 b ø b
2b
= = R. H.S.
a
OR
8
We have tan - 1 ( x + 1) + tan - 1 ( x - 1) = tan - 1
31
é ( x + 1) + ( x - 1) ù 8
Þ tan - 1 ê ú = tan - 1
2 31
êë 1 - ( x - 1) úû
2x 8
Þ =
2 31
2-x
Þ 62x = 16 - 8x 2
Þ 8x 2 + 62x - 16 = 0
Þ 4x 2 + 31x - 8 = 0
1
Þ x = and x = - 8
4
As x = - 8 does not satisfy the equation
1
Hence x = is only solution..
4
a + b + 2c a b
13. Let D= c b + c + 2a b
c a c + a + 2b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we get
2 ( a + b + c) a b
D = 2 ( a + b + c) b + c + 2a b
2 ( a + b + c) a c + a + 2b
Taking common 2( a + b + c)
1 a b
= 2( a + b + c) 1 b + c + 2a 0 [by R 2 ® R 2 - R 1 , R 3 ® R 3 - R 1 ]
1 0 c + a + 2b
40 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1 a b
= 2( a + b + c) 0 a + b + c 0
0 0 a+b + c
= 2 ( a + b + c) {( a + b + c) 2 - 0} expanding along C 1 .
= 2( a + b + c) 3 = RHS
14. At x = 0
( 0 - h) 4 + 2 ( 0 - h) 3 + ( 0 - h) 2
L.H.L. = lim
h®0 tan - 1 ( 0 - h)
h 4 - 2h 3 + h 2 h 3 - 2h 2 + h
= lim = lim
h®0 - tan - 1 h h®0 tan - 1 h
-
h
[On dividing numerator and denominator by h.]
0 æ tan - 1 h ö
= ç as lim = 0÷÷
-1 ç h®0 h
è ø
=0
( 0 + h) 4 + 2 ( 0 + h) 3 + ( 0 + h) 2
R.H.L = lim
h®0 tan - 1 ( 0 + h)
h 4 + 2h 3 + h 2
= lim
h®0 tan - 1 h
h 3 + 2h 2 + h
= lim (on dividing numerator and denominator by h)
h®0 tan - 1 h
h
0 æ tan - 1 h ö
= ç as lim = 1 ÷
1 ç h®0 h ÷
è ø
=0
and f ( 0) = 0 (given)
so, L.H.L = R.H.L = f ( 0)
Hence given function is continuous at x = 0
OR
f ( x) = x 2 + 2x + 3 for [4, 6]
(i) Given function is a polynomial hence it is continuous
(ii) f ¢( x) = 2x + 2 which is differentiable
f ( 4) = 16 + 8 + 3 = 27
f ( 6) = 36 + 12 + 3 = 51
Examination Papers – 2008 41
p/ 2 æ sin x cos x ö
ò0 ç ÷ dx
ç cos x + sin x ÷ø
è
p/ 2
p/ 2 (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
= 2 ò0 2 sin x cos x
dx = 2 ò
0
dx
1 - (sin x - cos x) 2
42 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
\ m1 m2 = – 1
1 1
Þ - = -1 Þ k 2/ 3 = 1 / 2 Þ 8k 2 = 1
1/ 3 1/ 3
2k k
dy
18. Given x + y = x log x ...(i)
dx
dy y
+ = log x
dx x
This is linear differential equation
Examination Papers – 2008 43
1
òx dx
Integrating factor I.F. = e = e log e x = x Multiplying both sides of (i) by
I.F. = x, we get
dy
x + y = x log x
dx
Integrating with respect to x, we get
y. x = ò x. log x dx
x2 x2 1
Þ xy = log x. -ò . dx
2 2 x
x 2 log x 1 x2
Þ xy = - +C
2 2 2
x 1
Þ y = æç log x - ö÷ + C
2è 2ø
19. Given y 2 = 4ax ...(i)
dy
Þ 2y = 4a
dx
dy dy y2
Þ y. = 2a \ y = 2. (from (i))
dx dx 4x
dy y
Þ = which is the required differential equation
dx 2x
OR
We have, ( 3xy - y 2 ) dx + ( x 2 + xy) dy = 0
( 3xy - y 2 ) dx = - ( x 2 + xy) dy
2
dy y - 3xy
=
dx x 2 + xy
Let y = Vx
dy æ dV ö
= çV + x ÷
dx è dx ø
2 2
æ dV ö V x - 3x. V . x
\ çV + x ÷=
è dx ø x 2 + x. Vx
2
dV V - 3V
Þ V+x =
dx 1+V
2
dV V - 3V
Þ x = -V
dx 1+V
44 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
2 2
dV V - 3V - V - V - 4V
Þ x = =
dx (1 + V ) 1+V
1 +V dx
Þ ò V dV = - 4ò x
1 dx
Þ ò V dV + ò dV = - 4ò x
Þ log V + V = - 4 log x + C
Þ log V + log x 4 + V = C
Þ log (V . x 4 ) + V = C
y y
Þ log æç x 4 ö÷ + = C or x log ( x 3 y) + y = Cx
èx ø x
20. Given
¾®
OA = i$ + j$ + k$
¾®
OB = 2i$ + 5j$
¾®
OC = 3i$ + 2j$ - 3k$
¾®
OD = i$ - 6j$ - k$
¾® ¾® ¾®
AB = OB - OA = i$ + 4j$ - k$
¾® ¾® ¾®
CD = OD - OC = - 2i$ - 8j$ + 2k$
¾®
CD = - 2(i$ + 4j$ - k$)
¾® ¾®
CD = - 2 AB
¾® ¾® ¾® ¾®
Therefore AB and CD are parallel vector so AB and CD are collinear and angle between
them is zero.
x-1 y z +1
21. Let = = =l ...(i)
3 2 7
Coordinates of any general point on line (i) is of the form º (1 + 3l , 2l , - 1 + 7 l)
For point of intersection
(1 + 3l) + 2l - (7 l - 1) = 8
1 + 3l + 2l - 7 l + 1 = 8
- 2l = 6
l=-3
Point of intersection º (– 8, – 6, – 22)
Examination Papers – 2008 45
SECTION–C
23. Given System of linear equations
2x - y + z = 3
-x + 2y - z = - 4
x - y + 2z = 1
we can write these equations as
é 2 -1 1 ù é xù é 3 ù
ê- 1 2 - 1ú ê yú = ê - 4ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 1 - 1 2 úû êë z úû êë 1úû
é 2 -1 1ù
Þ A X = B, where, A = ê - 1 2 - 1ú
ê ú
êë 1 - 1 2 úû
é xù é 3ù
X = y , B = ê - 4ú
ê ú
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 1 úû
Þ X = A - 1B ...(i)
Now,| A| = 2( 4 - 1) - ( - 1) ( - 2 + 1) + 1 (1 - 2)
= 6-1-1= 4
46 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é 2 - 1 4ù é1 0 0ù
ê4 0 2ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 - 2 7 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1
é2 - 1 4 ù é 1 0 0ù
ê0 2 - 6ú = ê - 2 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 - 2 7 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 1 ® 1 / 2R 1
é1 - 1 2ù é
1
0 0ù
ê 2 ú ê 2 ú
ê0 2 - 6ú = ê - 2 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
ê3 - 2 7 ú ê 0 0 1ú
ë û ë û
Applying R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 1
é 1 ù é 1 ù
ê1 - 2 2ú ê
2
0 0ú
ê0 2 - 6ú = ê - 2 1 0ú A
ê 1 ú ê -3 ú
ê0 - 1ú ê 0 1ú
ë 2 û êë 2 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 / 2
é 1 ù
é 1 ù ê 0 0ú
ê 1 - 2 ú ê 2
2 1 ú
ê0 1 - 3ú = ê - 1 0ú A
ê 1 ú ê 2 ú
ê0 - 1ú ê - 3
ë 2 û ê 0 1ú
ë 2 úû
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3
é 1 ù
é ù ê -2 0ú
ê1 0 0ú
ê
2
ú
ê0 1
1 - 3ú = ê - 1 0ú A
ê 1 ú ê 2 ú
ê0 - 1ú ê - 3
ë 2 û ê 0 1ú
ë 2 úû
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + 1 / 2R 2
1
é ù é -2 1ù
ê1 0 0 ú ê 2 ú
ê0 1 - 3 ú = - 1ê 1 ú
ê 0ú A
ê
ê0 0 - 1 úú ê 2 ú
ê 1 ú
êë 2 úû ë - 2 1
4 û
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 6R 3
48 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é ù é 1 ù
ê1 0 0 ú ê -2 1ú
2
ê0 1 0 ú = ê 11 - 1 - 6ú A
ê 1ú ê 1 ú
ê0 0 - ú ê -2 1ú
ë 2û ë 4 û
Applying R 3 ® - 2R 3
é 1 ù
é1 0 0ù ê - 2 1ú
2
ê 0 1 0ú = ê 11 - 1 - 6ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû ê 4 - 1 - 2ú
ë 2 û
é 1 ù
ê -2 2
1ú
-1 ê
Hence A = 11 - 1 - 6ú
ê 1 ú
ê 4 - - 2ú
ë 2 û
x2 y2
24. Let DABC be an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse + = 1.
a2 b 2
Then coordinates of points A and B are given by ( a cos q , b sin q) and(a cosq, - b sin q)
1
The area of the isosceles D ABC = ´ AB ´ CD
2
1
Þ A(q) = ´ ( 2b sin q) ´ ( a - a cos q)
2
Þ A(q) = ab sin q (1 - cos q)
For Amax
d( A(q))
=0
dq
Þ ab[cos q(1 - cos q) + sin 2 q] = 0
cos q - cos 2 q + sin 2 q = 0
A (a cos q, b sin q)
Þ cos q - cos 2q = 0
2p
Þ q=
3 D C
2
d ( A(q))
Now, = ab [- sin q + 2 sin 2q] B (a cos q, –b sin q)
dq 2
2
2p d ( A(q)) æ 3 3ö
For q= , = ab ç - -2´ ÷<0
3 2 è 2 2 ø
dq
2p
Hence for q = , Amax occurs
3
Examination Papers – 2008 49
2p æ 2p ö
\ Amax = ab sin ç1 - cos ÷ square units
3 è 3ø
3æ 1ö 3 3
= ab ç1 + ÷ = ab square units
2 è 2ø 4
OR
Let r be the radius, l be the slant height and h be the vertical height of a cone of semi - vertical
angle a.
Surface area S = prl + pr 2 ...(i)
2
S - pr
or l=
pr
The volume of the cone
1 1
V = pr 2 h = pr 2 l2 - r 2
3 3 a
2 2 2
pr ( S - pr )
= - r2 l
3 2 2
p r
h
pr 2 ( S - pr 2 ) 2 - p 2 r 4
=
3 p 2r 2
r
pr 2 S 2 - 2pSr 2 + p 2 r 4 - p 2 r 4 r
= ´ = S( S - 2pr 2 )
3 pr 3
2
r S
\ V2 = S( S - 2pr 2 ) = ( Sr 2 - 2pr 4 )
9 9
dV 2 S
= ( 2Sr - 8pr 3 )
dr 9
d 2V 2 S
= ( 2S - 24pr 2 ) ...(ii)
2 9
dr
dV 2
Now =0
dr
S
Þ ( 2Sr - 8pr 3 ) = 0 or S - 4 pr 2 = 0 Þ S = 4 pr 2
9
Putting S = 4 pr 2 in (ii),
d 2V 2 4 pr 2
= [8pr 2 - 24pr 2 ] < 0
dr 2 9
Þ V is maximum when S = 4pr 2
Putting this value of S in (i)
4pr 2 = prl + pr 2
or 3pr 2 = prl
50 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
r 1
or = sin a =
l 3
- 1 æ1ö
\ a = sin ç ÷
è 3ø
1
Thus V is maximum, when semi vertical angle is sin -1 æç ö÷.
è 3ø
25. First finding intersection point by solving the equation of two curves
x 2 + y 2 = 16 ...(i)
and y 2 = 6x ...(ii)
2
Þ x + 6x = 16
2
Þ x + 6x - 16 = 0
Þ x 2 + 8x - 2x - 16 = 0
Þ x( x + 8) - 2( x + 8) = 0
Þ ( x + 8) ( x - 2) = 0
x=-8 (not possible Q y 2 can not be – ve)
or x= 2 (only allowed value) A
2, 2 3
\ y=±2 3
B
2 3æ y2 ö C
Area of OABCO = ò ç 16 - y 2 - ÷ dy
0 ç 6 ÷ø O (4, 0)
è
2 3 2, –2 3
éy 16 y y3 ù
= ê 16 - y 2 + sin - 1 - ú
êë 2 2 4 18 úû
0
é 2 ù
x a x
êò a2 - x2 = a2 - x2 + sin - 1 ú
êë 2 2 a úû
é 3 24 3 ù
= ê 3 . 16 - 12 + 8 sin - 1 - ú
ë 2 18 û
é p 4 ù 2 4 8 2 8
= ê 3.2+ 8 - ú = 3- + p= 3+ p
ë 3 3û 3 3 3 3
æ2 3 8 ö 1
\ Required are = 2ç + p÷ + (p4 2 )
è 3 3 ø 2
4 3 16 4 3 40
= + p + 8p = + p
3 3 3 3
4
= ( 3 + 10p ) sq. units
3
Examination Papers – 2008 51
p x tan x
26. I = ò dx ...(i)
0 sec x + tan x
a a
Using property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx, we have
0 0
p ( p - x) tan ( p - x)
\ I=ò dx
0 sec ( p - x) + tan ( p - x)
p ( p - x) ( - tan x)
I=ò dx
0 - sec x - tan x
p p . tan x p x . tan x
I=ò dx - ò dx ...(ii)
0 sec x + tan x 0 sec x + tan x
p sin x
Þ 2I = p ò dx
0 1 + sin x
2a a
[ f ( x) = f ( 2a - x)] then ò f ( x) dx = 2 . ò f ( x) dx
0 0
p/ 2 sin x
Þ 2I = p ´ 2 ´ ò dx
0
1 + sin x
p/ 2 sin x + 1-1
Þ I=pò dx
0 1 + sin x
p/ 2 p/ 2 1
Þ I=pò dx - p ò dx
0 0 1 + sin x
p p/ 2 1 é Using a f ( x) dx = a f ( a - x) dxù
Þ I=p -pò dx ò0 ò0
2 0 1 + cos x êë úû
p2 p/ 2 1
Þ I= -pò dx
2 0 x
2 cos 2
2
p 2 p p/ 2 x
Þ I= - .ò sec 2 . dx
2 2 0 2
p/ 2
é tan x ù
2
p p ê 2ú
Þ I= - .ê ú
2 2 ê 1 ú
ë 2 û0
p2 p p
I= - ´ 2 ´ é tan - tan 0ù
2 2 êë 4 úû
p2
I= -p
2
52 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
x+2 2y + 3 3z + 4
27. Let = = =l
3 4 5
Any general point on the line is
4l - 3 5l - 4
3l - 2, ,
2 3
Now, direction ratio if a point on the line is joined to ( - 2, 3, - 4) are
4l - 9 5l + 8
Þ 3l , ,
2 3
Now the distance is measured parallel to the plane
4x + 12y - 3z + 1 = 0
æ 4l - 9 ö æ 5l + 8 ö
\ 4 ´ 3l + 12 ´ ç ÷- 3´ç ÷=0
è 2 ø è 3 ø
Þ 12l + 24l - 54 - 5l - 8 = 0
31l - 62 = 0
Þ l=2
5
\ The point required is æç 4, , 2ö÷ .
è 2 ø
2
5
\ Distance = ( 4 + 2) 2 + æç - 3ö÷ + ( 2 + 4) 2
è2 ø
1 289 17
= 36 + 36 + = = units
4 4 2
28. Let there be x tickets of first class and y tickets of second class. Then the problem is to
max z = 400x + 300y
Subject to x + y £ 200 x = 20
y
x ³ 20 x = 40
x + 4x £ 200 (0, 200) (20, 180)
5x £ 200 (40, 160)
x £ 40
The shaded region in the graph represents the feasible
region which is proved. x
(200, 0)
Le us evaluate the value of z at each corner point (20, 0)
z at ( 20, 0), z = 400 ´ 20 + 300 ´ 0 = 8000
z at ( 40, 0) = 400 ´ 40 + 300 ´ 0 = 16000
z at ( 40, 160) = 400 ´ 40 + 300 ´ 160 = 16000 + 48000 = 64000
z at ( 20, 180) = 400 ´ 20 + 300 ´ 180 = 8000 + 54000 = 62000
max z = 64000 for x = 40, y = 160
\ 40 tickets of first class and 160 tickets of second class should be sold to earn maximum
profit of Rs. 64,000.
Examination Papers – 2008 53
29. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six.
Find the probability that it is actually a six. [CBSE 2005]
Sol. Let E be the event that the man reports that six occurs in the throwing of the die and let S1 be
the event that six occurs and S2 be the event that six does not occur.
1
Then P ( S1 ) = Probability that six occurs =
6
5
P ( S2 ) = Probability that six does not occur =
6
P (E S1 ) = Probability that the man reports that six occurs when six has actually occurred
on the die
3
= Probability that the man speaks the truth =
4
P (E S2 ) = Probability that the man reports that six occurs when six has not actually
occurred on the die
3 1
= Probability that the man does not speak the truth = 1 - = .
4 4
Thus, by Bayes’ theorem, we get
P ( S1 E) = Probability that the report of the man that six has occurred is actually a six
1 3
´
P ( S1 ) P (E S1 ) 6 4 3
= = = ×
P ( S1 ) P (E S1 ) + P ( S2 ) P (E S2 ) 1 3 5 1 8
´ + ´
6 4 6 4
Set–II
a a +b a + 2b
20. Let D = a + 2b a a+b
a+b a + 2b a
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we have
3( a + b) 3( a + b) 3( a + b)
D= a + 2b a a+b
a+b a + 2b a
Taking out 3( a + b) from 1st row, we have
1 1 1
D = 3( a + b) a + 2b a a+b
a+b a + 2b a
Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3
54 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
0 0 1
D = 3( a + b) 2b -b a+b
-b 2b a
Expanding along first row, we have
D = 3( a + b) [1. ( 4b 2 - b 2 )]
= 3 ( a + b) ´ 3b 2 = 9b 2 ( a + b)
p/ 2
21. Let I = ò log sin x dx ...(i)
0
p/ 2 p
Þ I=ò log sin æç - xö÷ dx
0 è2 ø
p/ 2
Þ I=ò log cos x dx ...(ii)
0
Adding (i) and (i) we have,
p/ 2
2I = ò (log sin x + log cos x) dx
0
p/ 2
Þ 2I = ò log sin x cos x dx
0
p/ 2 2 sin x cos x
Þ 2I = ò log dx
0 2
p/ 2
Þ 2I = ò (log sin 2 x - log 2) dx
0
p/ 2 p/ 2
Þ 2I = ò log sin 2x dx - ò log 2dx
0 0
dt
Let 2x = t Þ dx =
2
p
When x = 0, , t = 0, p
2
1 p p
\ 2I = ò log sin t dt - log 2. æç - 0ö÷
2 0 è 2 ø
p éQ a f ( x) dx = a f (t) dtxù
ëê ò0 ò0
Þ 2I = I - log 2
2 ûú
p
Þ 2I - I = - log 2
2
p
Þ I = - log 2
2
22. We have
dy
(1 + x 2 ) + y = tan - 1 x
dx
Dividing each term by (1 + x 2 )
Examination Papers – 2008 55
dy 1 tan - 1 x
+ .y=
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
dy
Clearly, it is linear differential equation of the form + P. y = Q
dx
1 tan - 1 x
So, P= and Q =
1 + x2 1 + x2
1
ò dx
1 + x2 - 1x
\ Integrating factor, I. F. = e ò P dx =e = e tan
Therefore, solution of given differential equation is
y ´ I . F. = ò Q ´ I . F. dx
- 1x tan - 1 x - 1 x dx
Þ y . e tan =ò . e tan
2
1+x
- 1x
tan - 1 x e tan
Let I=ò dx
1 + x2
- 1x
- 1x e tan
Let e tan =t Þ dx = dt
1 + x2
Also tan -1 x = log t
Þ I = ò log t dt
Þ I = t log t - t + C [Integrating by parts]
tan - 1 x -1 tan - 1 x
Þ I=e . tan x-e +C
Hence required solution is
- 1x - 1x
y. e tan = e tan (tan - 1 x - 1) + C
tan - 1 x
Þ y = (tan - 1 x - 1) + C e -
27. The given system of linear equations.
3x - 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y - z = 1
4x - 3y + 2z = 4
We write the system of linear equation in matrix form
é 3 - 2 3 ù é xù é 8ù
ê 2 1 - 1ú ê yú = ê1 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 4 - 3 2 úû êë z úû êë 4úû
56 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é3 - 2 3 ù é xù é 8ù
Þ A. X = B, where A = ê 2 1 - 1ú , X = ê yú and B = ê 1 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 4 - 3 2 úû êë z úû êë 4úû
Þ X = A -1 B
Now, co-factors of matrix A are
C 11 = ( - 1) 1 + 1 . ( 2 - 3) = ( - 1) 2 . ( - 1) = - 1
C 12 = ( - 1) 1 + 2 . ( 4 + 4) = ( - 1) 3 . 8 = - 8
C 13 = ( - 1) 1 + 3 . ( - 6 - 4) = ( - 1) 4 . ( - 10) = - 10
C 21 = ( - 1) 2 + 1 ( - 4 + 9) = ( - 1) 3 (5) = - 5
C 22 = ( - 1) 2 + 2 . ( 6 - 12) = ( - 1) 4 ( - 6) = - 6
C 23 = ( - 1) 2 + 3 ( - 9 + 8) = ( - 1) 5 ( - 1) = 1
C 31 = ( - 1) 3 + 1 ( 2 - 3) = ( - 1) 4 ( - 1) = - 1
C 32 = ( - 1) 3 + 2 ( - 3 - 6) = ( - 1) 5 . ( - 9) = 9
C 33 = ( - 1) 3 + 3
( 3 + 4) = ( - 1) 6 7 = 7
é - 1 - 5 - 1ù
\ adj A = c T
=ê-8 -6 9 ú Where c = matrix of co-factors of elements.
ê ú
êë - 10 1 7 úû
3 -2 3
and |A| = 2 1 - 1 = 3 ( 2 - 3) + 2 ( 4 + 4) + 3( - 6 - 4)
4 -3 2
= 3 ´ - 1 + 2 ´ 8 + 3 ´ - 10 = - 3 + 16 - 30 = - 17
é -1 - 5 - 1ù
adj A 1 ê
\ A -1 = =- -8 -6 9ú
|A| 17 ê ú
êë - 10 1 7 úû
Now, X = A -1 B
é xù é -1 - 5 - 1ù é 8ù
Þ ê yú = - 1 ê-8 - 6 9 ú ê1 ú
ê ú 17 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë - 10 1 7 úû êë 4úû
é xù é-8 -5 - 4 ù é - 17 ù é 1 ù
Þ ê yú = - 1 ê - 64 - 6 + 36ú = -
1 ê - 34ú = ê 2 ú
ê ú 17 ê ú 17 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë - 80 + 1 + 28 úû êë - 51 úû êë 3úû
\ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
Examination Papers – 2008 57
OR
For elementary transformation we have, A = IA
é 2 5 3ù é1 0 0ù
Þ ê 3 4 1 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 6 2 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 3
é 1 -1 1 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
Þ ê 3 4 1ú = ê0 1 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 6 2úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 3R 1 , R 3 ® R 3 - R 1
é 1 - 1 1 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
Þ ê 0 7 -2 ú = ê -3 1 3 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 7 1 úû êë -1 0 2 úû
4
Applying R 2 ® R 2
7
é 1 - 1 1 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
ê -2 ú ê -3 1 3 ú
Þ ê0 1 = A
7 ú ê7 7 7ú
ê0 7 ú ê
1 û ë -1 0 2 û ú
ë
Applying R 1 ® R1 + R2
é1 5 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
0
ê 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê -2 ú ê -3 1 3ú
ê0 1 ú=ê úA
ê0 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê 7 1 ú ê -1 0 2ú
ë û ë û
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + 7R2
é1 5 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
0
ê 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê -2 ú ê -3 1 3ú
ê0 1 ú=ê úA
ê0 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê 0 3ú ê 2 -1 -1 ú
ë û ë û
R3
Applying R 3 ®
3
é 5 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
ê1 0 ú
ê 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê0 -2 ú ê -3 1 3ú
1 =ê úA
ê 7 ú ê7 7 7 ú
ê ú ê -2 -1 -1 ú
ê0 0 1 úû ë 3 3 3û
ë
58 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
-5 2
R1 ® R1 R3, R2 ® R2 + R3
7 7
é ù é 2 8 -1 ù
ê 1 0 0ú ê 21 21 3 ú
ê ú ê -5 1 1 ú
ê 0 1 0ú = ê 21 21 3 ú
ú
ê ú ê -2 -1 -1 ú
ê0 0 1ú ê
ë û ë 3 3 3û
é 2 8 -1 ù
ê 21 21 3 ú
ê -5 1 1 ú
\ A -1 = ê ú
ê 21 21 3
-1 -1 úú
ê 2
ë 3 3 3û
é 2 8 -7 ù
1 ê
= -5 1 7ú
21 ê ú
êë +14 -7 -7 úû
28. Let
S = Event of insurance of scooter driver
C = Event of insurance of Car driver
T = Event of insurance of Truck driver
and A = Event of meeting with an accident
Now, we have, P( S) = Probability of insurance of scooter driver
2000 2
Þ P( S) = =
9000 9
P (C) = Probability of insurance of car driver
3000 3
Þ P(C) = =
9000 9
P(T) = Probability of insurance of Truck driver
4000 4
Þ P(T) = =
9000 9
and, P( A / S) = Probability that scooter driver meet. with an accident
Þ P ( A / S) = 0.04
P ( A / C) = Probability that car driver meet with an accident
Þ P ( A / C) = 0.06
P ( A / T) = Probability that Truck driver meet with an accident
Þ P ( A / T) = 0.15
By Baye’s theorem, we have the required probability
Examination Papers – 2008 59
P(C). P( A / C)
P(C / A) =
P( S) . P( A / S) + P(C) .P( A / C) + P(T). P( A / T)
3
´ 0.06
= 9
2 3 4
´ 0.04 + ´ 0.06 + ´ 0.15
9 9 9
3 ´ 0.06 0.18
= =
2 ´ 0.04 + 3 ´ 0.06 + 4 ´ 0.15 0.08 + 0.18 + 0.60
0.18 18 9
= = =
0.86 86 43
(0,7)
Y
(2,3)
B
2x+
y=
7
(0,1)
A ( 7 ,0)
E2
X' C' X
D
1 (–1,0)O
x= (2,0)
y– C x
+2y
(4,–1) =2
Y'
1æ 9 1ö æ9 1 ö
= ç 21 - + 7 + ÷ - ( 2 - 1 + 2 + 1) - ç - 3 - + 1÷
2 è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
= 12 - 4 - 2 = 6 sq. units
Set–III
20. We have
a b c
D= b c a
c a b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we have
( a + b + c) b c
D = ( a + b + c) c a
( a + b + c) a b
taking out ( a + b + c) from Ist column, we have
1 b c
D = ( a + b + c) 1 c a
1 a b
Interchanging column into row, we have
1 1 1
D = ( a + b +c) b c a
c a b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 , we have
0 0 1
D = ( a + b +c) b - c c - a a
c - a a-b b
Expanding along Ist row, we have
D = ( a + b + c) [1 (b - c) ( a - b) - ( c - a) 2 ]
= ( a + b + c) (ba - b 2 - ca + bc - c 2 - a 2 + 2ac)
Þ D = ( a + b + c) ( ab + bc + ca - a 2 - b 2 - c 2 )
Þ D = - ( a + b + c) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca)
1
Þ D = - ( a + b + c) {( a - b) 2 + (b - c) 2 + ( c - a) 2 }
2
Here, ( a + b + c) is positive as a, b , c are all positive
and it is clear that ( a - b) 2 + (b - c) 2 + ( c - a) 2 is also positive
1
Hence D = - ( a + b + c) [( a - b) 2 + (b - c) 2 + ( c - a) 2 ] has negative value.
2
Examination Papers – 2008 61
1
21. Let I = ò cot - 1 (1 - x + x 2 ) dx
0
1
1 éQ cot - 1 ù
= ò tan - 1
dx 1
x = tan - 1
2 êë x úû
0 1-x+x
1
x + (1 - x)
= ò tan - 1
dx [Q 1 can be written as x + 1 - x]
1 - x (1 - x)
0
1 é ù
ì a+b ü
= ò [tan - 1
x + tan - 1 (1 - x)] dx êQ tan - 1 í ý = tan
- 1
a + tan - 1 b ú
êë î 1 - ab þ úû
0
1 1
= ò tan - 1
x dx + ò tan - 1 (1 - x) dx
0 0
1 1 é a a ù
= ò tan - 1 xdx + ò tan - 1 [1 - (1 - x)] dx êQ ò f ( x) = ò f ( a - x) dx úú
0 0 êë 0 0 û
1 1
= 2 ò tan - 1 xdx = 2 ò tan - 1
x. 1 dx, integrating by parts, we get
0 0
é 1 ù
1 1
= 2 ê {tan - 1
x. x}0 - ò × xdx ú
2
êë 01+ x úû
1
2x p
= 2 [tan - 1 1 - 0] - ò dx = 2 × - [log (1 + x 2 )] 10
2 4
01 +x
p p
= - (log 2 - log 1) = - log 2 [Q log 1 = 0 ]
2 2
22. We have the differential equation
dy
x logx + y = 2 log x
dx
dy 1 2
Þ + .y =
dx x log x x
dy
It is linear differential equation of the from + Py = Q
dx
1 2
So, Here P= and Q =
x log x x
1
pdx ò x log x dx
Now, I.F. = e ò =e = e log |log x|
= log x
Hence, solution of given differential equation is y ´ I . F. = ò Q ´ I . F dx
62 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
2
Þ y log x = ò . log x dx
x
2
1 (log x)
Þ y log x = 2 ò . log x dx = 2. +C
x 2
Þ y log x = (log x) 2 + C
27. The given system of linear equations is
x+ y+z = 4
2x + y - 3z = - 9
2x - y + z = - 1
We write the system of equation in Matrix form as
é1 1 1 ù é xù é 4 ù
ê 2 1 - 3ú ê yú = ê - 9ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 2 - 1 1 úû êë z úû êë - 1 úû
Þ AX = B, we have
é1 1 1 ù é xù é 4 ù
A = 2 1 - 3ú , X =
ê ê yú and B = ê - 9ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 2 - 1 1 úû êë z úû êë - 1 úû
\ X = A -1 B
Now, co-factors of A
C 11 = ( - 1) 1 + 1
(1 - 3) = - 2; C 12 = ( - 1) 1 + 2
( 2 + 6) = - 8
1+ 3 2+ 1
C 13 = ( - 1) ( - 2 - 2) = - 4; C 21 = ( - 1) (1 + 1) = - 2
C 22 = ( - 1) 2 + 2
(1 - 2) = - 1; C 23 = ( - 1) 2 + 3 ( - 1 - 2) = 3
C 31 = ( - 1) 3 + 1 ( - 3 - 1) = - 4; C 32 = ( - 1) 3 + 2 ( - 3 - 2) = 5
C 33 = ( - 1) 3 + 3
= (1 - 2) = - 1
é - 2 - 2 - 4ù
\ adj A = (C) T = ê - 8 - 1 5 ú
ê ú
êë - 4 3 - 1 úû
Now,|A| = 1 ( - 2) - 1 ( 8) + 1 ( - 4)
= - 2 - 8 - 4 = - 14
adj. A
\ A- 1 =
| A|
é - 2 - 2 - 4ù
ê- 8 - 1 5 ú
ê ú é2 2 4 ù
êë - 4 3 - 1 úû 1 ê 8 1 - 5ú
= =
- 14 14 ê ú
êë 4 - 3 1 úû
Examination Papers – 2008 63
Now, X = A -1 B
é xù é2 2 4 ùé 4 ù
Þ ê yú = . 1 ê 8 1 - 5ú ê - 9ú
ê ú 14 ê úê ú
êë z úû êë 4 - 3 1 úû êë - 1 úû
é xù é 8 + ( - 18) + ( - 4) ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 32 + ( - 9) + 5 ú
ê ú 14 ê ú
êë z úû êë16 + 27 + ( - 1) úû
é xù é - 14ù é - 1ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 28 ú = ê 2 ú
ê ú 14 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 42 úû êë 3 úû
\ x = - 1, y = 2 and z = 3 is the required solution.
OR
é 2 5 3ù
Let A = ê 3 4 1 ú
ê ú
êë 1 6 3úû
Therefore, for elementary row transformation, we have
A=I A
é 2 5 3ù é1 0 0ù
Þ ê 3 4 1 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 6 3úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 3
é 1 -1 0 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
ê 3 4 1 ú = ê0 1 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 6 3úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 3R 1
é 1 -1 0 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
ê 0 7 1 ú = ê -3 1 3 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 6 3úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 3 ® R 3 - R1
é1 -1 0 ù é 1 0 -1 ù
ê0 7 1 ú = ê -3 1 3 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 7 3úû êë -1 0 2 úû
1
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2
7
64 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é1 0 1 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
ê 7ú ê 7 7 7 ú
ê 0 7 1 ú = ê -3 1 3úA
ê ú ê ú
ê 0 7 3 ú ê -1 0 2ú
ë û ë û
R2
Applying R 2 ®
7
é1 0 1 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
ê 7ú ê 7 7 7 ú
ê 1 ú ê -3 1 3ú
ê0 1 ú=ê úA
ê 0 7 3 ú ê -71
7 7
0
7 ú
2ú
ê ú ê
ë û ë û
Applying R 3 ® R 3 - 7R2
é1 1ù é 4 1 -4 ù
0
ê 7 ú ê 7 7 7 ú
ê 1 ú ê -3 1 3ú
ê0 1 ú=ê úA
ê0 7ú ê 7 7 7 ú
ê 0 2 ú ê 2 -1 -1 ú
ë û ë û
R3
Applying R 3 ®
2
é1 0 1 ù é 4 1 -4 ù
ê 7 ú ê 7 7 7 ú
ê 1 ú ê -3 1 3ú
ê0 1 ú=ê úA
ê 0 0 71 ú ê 7 -71 -71 ú
ê ú ê1 ú
ë û ë 2 2û
1 1
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 3 , R 2 ® R 2 - R 3
7 7
é 3 3 - 1 ù
é 1 0 0ù ê 7 14 2 ú
ê 0 1 0 ú = ê -4 3 1 ú
ê ú ê úA
ê 7 14 2 ú
êë 0 0 1 úû
ê 1 -1 -1 ú
ë 2 2û
é 3 3 - 1 ù
ê 7 14 2 ú é6 3 -7 ù
-1 ê -4 3 1 ú 1 ê
\ A =ê ú= -8 3 7 ú
ê ú
ê 7 14 - 1 -
2 ú 14
1 êë 14 -7 -7 úû
ê1 ú
ë 2 2û
28. The equations of the given curves are
x2 + y2 = 1 ...(i)
Examination Papers – 2008 65
and, ( x - 1) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = 1 ...(ii)
Clearly, x 2 + y 2 = 1 represents a circle with centre at ( 0, 0) and radius unity. Also,
( x - 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 represents a circle with centre at (1, 0) and radius unity. To find the points of
intersection of the given curves, we solve (1) and (2) simultaneously.
Thus, 1 - ( x - 1) 2 = 1 - x 2
1 y
Þ 2x = 1 Þ x= A( 1 , 3 )
P (x, y ) 2 2
2 1
=1
We find that the two curves intersect at
+ y2
A (1 / 2, 3 / 2) and D (1 / 2, - 3 / 2). Q (x, y2)
y1 y2
x2
x
Since both the curves are symmetrical about x-axis. x' O Dx B (1, 0)
So, Required area = 2 (Area OABCO) Dx 1
C( 2 , 0)
Now, we slice the area OABCO into vertical strips.
We observe that the vertical strips change their (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1
character at A(1 / 2, 3 / 2). So. y'
Area OABCO = Area OACO + Area CABC.
When area OACO is sliced into vertical strips, we find that each strip has its upper end on the
circle ( x - 1) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = 1 and the lower end on x-axis. So, the approximating rectangle
shown in Fig. has, Length = y 1 , Width = Dx and Area = y 1 Dx. As it can move from x = 0 to
x = 1 / 2.
1/ 2
\ Area OACO = ò y 1 dx
0
1/ 2
éQ P ( x, y ) lies on ( x - 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 ù
2 1
Þ Area OACO = ò 1 - ( x - 1) dx ê ú
0 ê\( x - 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 Þ y = 1 - ( x - 1) 2 ú
ë 1 1 û
Similarly, approximating rectangle in the region CABC has, Length, = y 2 , Width Dx and Area
1
= y 2 Dx. As it can move form x = to x = 1.
2
1
\ Area CABC = ò y 2 dx
1/ 2
1
éQQ ( x, y ) lies on x 2 + y 2 = 1ù
2
Þ Area CABC = ò 1 - x 2 dx ê ú
1/ 2 ê\ x 2 + y 2 = 1 Þ y = 1 - x 2 ú
ë 2 2 û
Hence, required area A is given by
1/ 2 1
A = 2 éê ò 1 - ( x - 1) 2 dx + ò 1 - x 2 dxùú
ë 0 1 / 2 û
éé 1 1/ 2
1 æ x - 1 öù
Þ A = 2 ê ê . ( x - 1) 1 - ( x - 1) 2 + sin - 1 ç ÷ú
êë 2 2 è 1 øû 0
ë
1 ù
é1 1 æ x öù
+ ê x 1 - x 2 + sin - 1
ç ÷ú ú
ë2 2 è 1 ø û 1/ 2 ú
û
66 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
éì 3 æ- 1ö ü ì 3 1 üù
Þ A = êí - + sin - 1
ç
-1
÷ - sin ( - 1)ý + í sin
-1
(1) - - sin - 1 æç ö÷ ý ú
è ø è 2 ø þû
ëî 4 2 þ î 4
3 p p p 3 p æ 2p 3ö
Þ A= - - + + - - =ç - ÷ sq. units
4 6 2 2 4 6 è 3 2 ø
29. Let
S = Event of insuring scooter driver
C = Event of insuring Car driver
T = Event of insuring Truck driver
and A = Event of meeting with an accident.
Now, we have
3000 3
P( S) = Probability of insuring scooter driver = =
15000 15
5000 5
P(C) = Probability of insuring car driver = =
15000 15
7000 7
P(T) = Probability of insuring Truck driver = =
15000 15
and, P( A / S) = Probability that scooter driver meet with an accident = 0.04
P ( A / C) = Probability that car driver meet with an accident = 0.05
P ( A / T) = Probability that Truck driver meet with an accident = 0.15
By Baye‘s theorem, we have
P(C). P( A / C)
Required probability = P(C / A) =
P( S) . P( A / S) + P(C) .P( A / C) + P(T). P( A / T)
5
´ 0.05
= 15
3 5 7
´ 0.04 + ´ 0.05 + ´ 0.15
15 15 15
5 ´ 0.05
=
3 ´ 0.04 + 5 ´ 0.05 + 7 ´ 0.15
0.25
=
0.12 + 0.25 + 1.05
0.25 25
= =
1.42 142
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2009
MATHEMATICS CBSE (Delhi)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
® ® ® ® ®
1. Find the projection of a on b if a . b = 8 and b = 2i$ + 6j$ + 3k$ .
®
2. Write a unit vector in the direction of a = 2i$ - 6j$ + 3k$ .
® ®
3. Write the value of p, for which a = 3i$ + 2j$ + 9k$ and b = i$ + pj$ + 3k$ are parallel vectors.
4. If matrix A = (1 2 3), write AA', where A' is the transpose of matrix A.
2 3 4
5. Write the value of the determinant 5 6 8 .
6x 9x 12x
6. Using principal value, evaluate the following:
3p ö
sin -1 æç sin ÷
è 5 ø
sec 2 x
7. Evaluate : ò dx .
3 + tan x
1
8. If ò ( 3x 2 + 2x + k) dx = 0, find the value of k .
0
68 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
9. If the binary operation * on the set of integers Z, is defined by a * b = a + 3b 2 , then find the
value of 2 * 4.
10. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 and|A|= 5, then find|adj. A|.
SECTION–B
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
11. If a ´ b = c ´ d and a ´ c = b ´ d show that a - d is parallel to b - c , where a ¹ d and
® ®
b ¹ c.
4 5 16 p
12. Prove that: sin - 1 æç ö÷ + sin - 1 æç ö÷ + sin - 1 æç ö÷ =
è5 ø è 13 ø è 65 ø 2
OR
p
Solve for x : tan -1 3x + tan -1 2x =
4
13. Find the value of l so that the lines
1 - x 7 y - 14 5z - 10 7 - 7x y - 5 6 - z
= = and = = .
3 2l 11 3l 1 5
are perpendicular to each other.
14. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
+ y = cos x - sin x
dx
15. Find the particular solution, satisfying the given condition, for the following differential
equation:
dy y y
- + cosec æç ö÷ = 0; y = 0 when x = 1
dx x è xø
16. By using properties of determinants, prove the following:
x + 4 2x 2x
2x x+4 2x = (5x + 4)( 4 - x) 2
2x 2x x+4
17. A die is thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. Find the probability of
obtaining the third six in the sixth throw of the die.
18. Differentiate the following function w.r.t. x :
x sin x + (sin x) cos x .
ex
19. Evaluate : ò dx
5 - 4e x - e 2 x
OR
( x - 4) e x
Evaluate : ò dx
( x - 2) 3
20. Prove that the relation R on the set A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {( a, b) :|a - b|is even }, is an
equivalence relation.
Examination Papers – 2009 69
dy
21. Find if ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = xy.
dx
OR
d2y dy
If y = 3 cos (log x) + 4 sin(log x), then show that x 2 . +x + y= 0.
2 dx
dx
22. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 3x - 2 which is parallel to the line
4x - 2y + 5 = 0 .
OR
1
Find the intervals in which the function f given by f ( x) = x 3 + , x ¹ 0 is
x3
(i) increasing (ii) decreasing.
SECTION–C
23. Find the volume of the largest cylinder that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r.
OR
A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be constructed so
that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m 3 . If building of tank costs Rs. 70 per sq. metre for the
base and Rs. 45 per sq. metre for sides, what is the cost of least expensive tank?
24. A diet is to contain at least 80 units of Vitamin A and 100 units of minerals. Two foods F1 and
F2 are available. Food F1 costs Rs. 4 per unit and F2 costs Rs. 6 per unit. One unit of food F1
contains 3 units of Vitamin A and 4 units of minerals. One unit of food F2 contains 6 units of
Vitamin A and 3 units of minerals. Formulate this as a linear programming problem and find
graphically the minimum cost for diet that consists of mixture of these two foods and also
meets the minimal nutritional requirements.
25. Three bags contain balls as shown in the table below:
Bag Number of Number of Black Number of Red
White balls balls balls
I 1 2 3
II 2 1 1
III 4 3 2
A bag is chosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen to be white and
red. What is the probability that they came from the III bag?
26. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
2x - 3y + 5z = 11
3x + 2y - 4z = -5
x + y - 2z = -3
p
e cos x
27. Evaluate: ò e cos x + e - cos x dx .
0
70 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
p/2
Evaluate: ò ( 2 log sin x - log sin 2x) dx .
0
28. Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines
2x + y = 4, 3x - 2y = 6 and x - 3y + 5 = 0 .
29. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 3, 2) and perpendicular to each
of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 3x + 3y + z = 0 .
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
2. Evaluate: ò sec 2 (7 - x) dx
®
7. Write a unit vector in the direction of b = 2i$ + j$ + 2k$ .
11. Differentiate the following function w.r.t. x :
y = (sin x) x + sin -1 x .
1-x y-2 z- 3 x-1 y-1 6-z
18. Find the value of l so that the lines = = and = = are
3 2l 2 3l 1 7
perpendicular to each other.
19. Solve the following differential equation :
dy
(1 + x 2 ) + y = tan -1 x .
dx
21. Using the properties of determinants, prove the following:
a b c
a - b b - c c - a = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc .
b + c c + a a+b
23. Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of Directors of a corporation. The
probabilities that the first and the second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively.
Further, if the first group wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the
corresponding probability is 0.3, if the second group wins. Find the probability that the new
product was introduced by the second group.
26. Prove that the curves y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y divide the area of the square bounded by
x = 0, x = 4, y = 4 and y = 0 into three equal parts.
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
(1 + log x) 2
4. Evaluate : ò dx
x
Examination Papers – 2009 71
® ®
9. Find the angle between two vectors a and b with magnitudes 1 and 2 respectively and when
® ®
| a ´ b |= 3.
15. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
1 + a2 - b 2 2ab -2b
2ab 1 - a2 + b 2 2a = (1 + a2 + b2)3
2 2
2b -2 a 1- a -b
SOLUTIONS
Set–I
SECTION–A
® ®
1. Given a.b =8
®
b = 2i$ + 6j$ + 3k$
® ®
® ® a.b
We know projection of a on b =
®
|b|
8 8
= =
4 + 36 + 9 7
®
2. Given a = 2i$ - 6j$ + 3k$
®
® a
Unit vector in the direction of a = = a$
®
| a|
72 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Let 3 + tan x = t
sec 2 x dx = dt
sec 2 x dt
\ ò 3 + tan x
dx = ò
t
= log|t|+ c
= log| 3 + tan x|+ c
Examination Papers – 2009 73
1
2
8. ò ( 3x + 2x + k) dx = 0
0
1
é 3x 3 2x 2 ù
Þ ê + + kxú = 0
êë 3 2 úû 0
Þ 1+1+ k = 0 Þ k = -2
2
9. Given a * b = a + 3b " a, b Î z
2
\ 2 * 4 = 2 + 3 ´ 4 = 2 + 48 = 50 .
10. Given |A|= 5
We know |adj. A| = |A|2
\ |adj. A| = 5 2 = 25
SECTION–B
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
11. a - d will be parallel to b - c , if ( a - d ) ´ ( b - c ) = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Now ( a - d) ´ ( b - c ) = a ´ b - a ´ c - d ´ b + d ´ c
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= a´ b - a´ c + b ´ d- c ´ d
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
=0 [Q given a ´ b = c ´ d and a ´ c = b ´ d ]
® ® ® ®
\ ( a - d ) || ( b - c )
12. We know
sin -1 x + sin -1 y = sin -1 ( x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 )
4 5 16
\ sin -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷
è5 ø è 13 ø è 65 ø
æ4 25 5 16 ö -1 æ 16 ö
= sin -1 ç 1- + 1- ÷ + sin çè ÷ø
è5 169 13 25 ø 65
4 12 5 3 16
= sin -1 æç ´ + ´ ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷
è 5 13 13 5 ø è 65 ø
63 16
= sin -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷ ... (i)
è 65 ø è 65 ø
63
Let sin -1 =q
65
63 63 2
Þ = sin q Þ = sin 2 q
65 2
65
2
63 65 - 63 2
2 ( 65 + 63)( 65 - 63)
Þ cos 2 q = 1 - = =
2 2
65 65 65 2
74 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
256 16
Þ cos 2 q = \ cos q =
2 65
65
\ Equation (i) becomes
63 16 63 16
sin -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷ = cos -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷
è 65 ø è 65 ø è 65 ø è 65 ø
p éQ sin -1 A + cos -1 A = p ù
=
2 êë 2 úû
OR
p
Given, tan -1 3x + tan -1 2x =
4
3x + 2x ö p é -1 x + y ù
Þ tan -1 æç ÷= -1 -1
êQ tan x + tan y = tan 1 - xy ú
è 1 - 3x ´ 2x ø 4 ë û
5x
Þ =1
1 - 6x 2
Þ 5x = 1 - 6x 2
Þ 6x 2 + 5x - 1 = 0
Þ 6x 2 + 6x - x - 1 = 0
Þ 6x( x + 1) - 1( x + 1) = 0
Þ ( 6x - 1)( x + 1) = 0
1
\ x= or x = -1.
6
13. The given lines
1 - x 7 y - 14 5z - 10
= =
3 2l 11
7 - 7x y - 5 6 - z
and = = are rearranged to get
3l 1 5
x-1 y- 2 z- 2
= = ... (i)
-3 2l 11
7 5
x-1 y-5 z- 6
= = ... (ii)
-3 l 1 -5
7
Direction ratios of lines are
2l 11 -3 l
-3, , and , 1, - 5
7 5 7
As the lines are perpendicular
æ -3 l ö 2 l 11
\ -3 ç ÷+ ´ 1 + ( -5 ) = 0
è 7 ø 7 5
9l 2l
Þ + - 11 = 0
7 7
Examination Papers – 2009 75
11
Þ l = 11
7
Þ l =7
14. Given differential equation
dy dy
+ y = cos x - sin x is a linear differential equation of the type + Py = Q .
dx dx
1. dx
Here I. F = e ò = ex
Its solution is given by
Þ y e x = ò e x (cos x - sin x) dx
Þ y e x = ò e x cos x dx - ò e x sin x dx
Integrate by parts
Þ y e = e cos x - ò - sin x e x dx - ò e x sin dx
x x
\ y e x = e x cos x + C
Þ y = cos x + C e - x
dy y y
15. - + cosec æç ö÷ = 0 ... (i)
dx x è xø
It is a homogeneous differential equation,
y
Let =v Þ y = vx
x
dy xdv
=v+
dx dx
(Substituting in equation (i))
dv
Þ v+x = v - cosec v
dx
dv
Þ x = - cosec v
dx
dv dx dx
Þ =- Þ sin v dv = -
cosec v x x
Integrating both sides
dx
ò sin v dv = - ò x Þ - cos v = - log|x|+ C
Þ cos v = log|x| + C
y
or cos = log|x|+ C
x
Given y = 0 , when x = 1
Þ cos 0 = log|1|+ C
Þ 1=C
y
Hence, solution of given differential equation is cos = log|x|+ 1.
x
76 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
x+4 2x 2x
16. Let|A|= 2x x+4 2x
2x 2x x+4
Apply C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
5x + 4 2x 2x
|A|= 5x + 4 x + 4 2x
5x + 4 2x x+4
Take 5x + 4 common from C 1
1 2x 2x
|A|= (5x + 4) 1 x + 4 2x
1 2x x+4
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - R 1 ; R 3 ® R 3 - R 1
1 2x 2x
|A|= (5x + 4) 0 4 - x 0
0 0 4-x
Expanding along C 1 , we get
|A|= (5x + 4)( 4 - x) 2 = R.H.S.
17. If there is third 6 in 6th throw, then five earlier throws should result in two 6.
1 5
Hence taking n = 5 , p = , q =
6 6
\ P( 2 sixes) = P(5, 2) = 5 C 2 p 2 q 3
5 ! æ 1 ö 2 æ 5 ö 3 10 ´ 125
Þ P( 2 sixes) = ç ÷ ç ÷ =
2! 3! è 6ø è 6ø 65
10 ´ 125 1 1250 625
\ P( 3 sixes in 6 throws) = ´ = =
5 6
6 6 6 3 ´ 65
18. Let y = x sin x + (sin x) cos x
Let u = x sin x and v = (sin x) cos x
Then, y=u+v
dy du dv
Þ = + ...(i)
dx dx dx
Now, u = xsin x
Taking log both sides, we get
Þ log u = sin x log x
Differentiating w.r.t. x
1 du sin x
Þ = + log x . cos x
u dx x
Examination Papers – 2009 77
du sin x
Þ = x sin x é + log x . cos xù
dx ê
ë x úû
Similarly taking log on v = (sin x) cos x
log v = cos x log sin x
Differentiating w. r. t. x
1 dv cos x
= cos x . + log sin x .( - sin x)
v dx sin x
dv
= (sin x) cos x [cos x. cot x - sin x . log sin x]
dx
Form (i), we have
dy sin x
= x sin x é + log x . cos xù + (sin x) cos x [cos x. cot x - sin x. log sin x]
dx ê
ë x úû
ex
19. Let I = ò dx
5 - 4e x - e 2 x
Suppose e x = t Þ e x dx = dt
dt dt
Þ I=ò =ò
2 2
5 - 4t - t -(t + 4t - 5)
dt
Þ I=ò
-(t 2 + 4t + 4 - 9 )
dt t+2
Þ I=ò = sin -1 +C
2
3 - (t + 2) 2 3
æ ex + 2ö
Þ I = sin -1 ç ÷ +C
è 3 ø
OR
x
( x - 4) e
Let I = ò dx
( x - 2) 3
é ( x - 2) - 2 ù x
= òê ú e dx
3
êë ( x - 2) úû
e x dx e x dx
= ò ( x - 2) 2 - 2ò ( x - 2) 3
ex e x dx e x dx
= + 2ò - 2ò
( x - 2) 2 ( x - 2) 3 ( x - 2) 3
ex
= +C
( x - 2) 2
78 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
\ |a - c|= even
So, ( a, c) Î R.
It is transitive.
As R is reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive, it is an equivalence relation.
21. Given equation is
( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = xy
Differentiating w.r.t. x
æ dy ö dy
Þ 2( x 2 + y 2 ) ç 2x + 2y ÷ = x +y
è dx ø dx
dy dy
Þ 2( x 2 + y 2 ).2y -x = y - 4( x 2 + y 2 ) x
dx dx
2 2
dy y - 4x( x + y )
Þ =
dx 4y( x 2 + y 2 ) - x
OR
y = 3 cos(log x) + 4 sin(log x)
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy -3 sin(log x) 4 cos(log x)
Þ = +
dx x x
dy
Þ x = -3 sin(log x) + 4 cos(log x)
dx
Examination Papers – 2009 79
\ f ¢( x) = 0 Þ x = ±1
Intervals x–1 x+1 sign of f ¢( x)
x<–1 –ve –ve +ve
–1<x<1 –ve +ve –ve
x>1 +ve +ve +ve
\ Given function is increasing " x Î ( - ¥ , 1) È (1, ¥) and is decreasing " x Î (– 1, 1).
SECTION–C
23. Let a right circular cylinder of radius ‘R’ and height 'H' is inscribed in the sphere of given
radius ‘r’.
H2
\ R2 + = r2
4
Let V be the volume of the cylinder.
Then, V = pR 2 H
æ H2 ö
Þ V = p çr 2 - ÷H ...(i) R
è 4 ø
r
p 3
Þ V = pr 2 H - H
4 H
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. H
dV 3 pH 2
= pr 2 - … (ii)
dH 4
dV
For maximum volume =0
dH
3 pH 2 4r 2 2
Þ = pr 2 Þ H2 = or H= r
4 3 3
Differentiating (ii) again w.r.t. H
d 2V 6 pH d 2V ù -6 p 2
=- Þ = ´ r<0
2 4 2ú 4 3
dH dH úû H = r2
3
2
\ Volume is maximum when height of the cylinder is r.
3
2
Substituting H = r in (i), we get
3
æ 4r 2 ö 2 p 2r 2 2r
Vmax = p çr 2 - ÷. r= .
è 4 ´ 3ø 3 3 3
4pr 3
= cubic units.
3 3
Examination Papers – 2009 81
OR
Let the length and breadth of the tank are L and B.
4
\ Volume = 8 = 2 LB Þ B = … (i)
L
The surface area of the tank, S = Area of Base + Area of 4 Walls
= LB + 2( B + L) × 2
= LB + 4B + 4L
The cost of constructing the tank is
C = 70( LB) + 45( 4B + 4L)
4 4
= 70æç L × ö÷ + 180æç + L ö÷
è Lø èL ø
4
Þ C = 280 + 180æç + L ö÷ … (ii)
èL ø
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. L
dC 720
=- + 180 … (iii)
dL L2
dC
For minimisation =0
dL
720
Þ = 180
L2
720
Þ L2 = =4
180
Þ L=2
Differentiating (iii) again w.r.t. L
d 2C 1440
= > 0 "L > 0
2
dL L3
\ Cost is minimum when L = 2
From (i), B=2
4
Minimum cost = 280 + 180 ç + 2ö÷
æ (from (ii))
è2 ø
= 280 + 720
= Rs 1000
24. Let x units of food F1 and y units of food F2 are required to be mixed.
Cost = Z = 4x + 6y is to be minimised subject to following constraints.
3x + 6y ³ 80
4x + 3y ³ 100
x ³ 0, y ³ 0
To solve the LPP graphically the graph is plotted as shown.
82 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Y
40
35
A
30
25
20
15
10
5
)24, 43 ) B C
X
O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 3
x+6
y=8
4x
0
+3
y=
1
00
The shaded regions in the graph is the feasible solution of the problem. The corner points are
100 ö æ 4 80
A æç 0, ÷ , Bç 24, ö÷ and C æç , 0ö÷. The cost at these points will be
è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø
100
Z] A = 4 ´ 0 + 6 ´ = Rs 200
3
4
Z]B = 4 ´ 24 + 6 ´ = Rs 104
3
80 320
Z]C = 4 ´ + 0 = Rs = Rs 106.67
3 3
Thus cost will be minimum if 24 units of F1 and 4/3 units of F2 are mixed. The minimum cost
is Rs 104.
25. The distribution of balls in the three bags as per the question is shown below.
Bag Number of Number of Number of red Total balls
white balls black balls balls
I 1 2 3 6
II 2 1 1 4
III 4 3 2 9
æ 0 -1 2 ö
-1 ç ÷ æ -1 1 ö
Þ A = - ç 2 -9 23÷ çQ A = ( Adj A) ÷
ç ÷ è |A| ø
è 1 -5 13 ø
æ xö æ 0 -1 2 ö æ 11 ö æ 0 + 5 - 6 ö æ1 ö
ç ÷ ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
\ X = ç y÷ = - ç 2 -9 23÷ ç -5÷ = - ç 22 + 45 - 69÷ = ç 2 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
èzø è 1 -5 13 ø è -3ø è11 + 25 - 39ø è 3ø
Hence solution of given equations is x = 1, y = 2, z = 3.
p
e cos x
27. Let I = ò e cos x + e - cos x dx ...(i)
0
p
e cos( p - x ) æçQ a f ( x) dx = a f ( a - x) dxö÷
Þ I= ò e cos( p - x ) + e - cos( p - x ) dx è ò0 ò0 ø
0
p
e - cos x
= ò e - cos x + e cos x dx ...(ii)
0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
p p
e cos x + e - cos x p p
2I = ò e cos x + e - cos x dx = ò dx = x]0 = p Þ I=
2
0 0
OR
p
2
Let I = ò ( 2 log sin x - log sin 2x) dx … (i)
0
p
2
é p p ù æçQ a f ( x) dx = a f ( a - x) dxö÷
Þ I = ò ê( 2 log sin æç - xö÷ - log sin 2æç - xö÷ ú dx
ë è 2 ø è 2 ø û è ò0 ò0 ø
0
p
2
Þ I = ò ( 2 log cos x - log sin 2x) dx … (ii)
0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
p
2
2I = ò 2 log sin x + 2 log cos x - 2 log sin 2x
0
p
2
Þ 2I = ò 2 [log sin x + log cos x – log sin 2x]dx
0
Examination Papers – 2009 85
p p
p
2 2
sin x cos x 1 1
Þ I = ò log dx Þ I = log ò dx = log × xù 2
2 sin x cos x 2 2 ûú 0
0 0
p 1
Þ I = log
2 2
6
y=
–2
4 =0
y+5
3x
x–3
3 B
(1,2) (4,3)
A
2
X’ C
X
O
2x+
y=4
Y’
4 2 4
x+5 3x - 6
Area of DABC = ò dx - ò ( 4 - 2x) dx - ò dx
3 2
1 1 2
4 2 4
1 æ x2 öù æ 2x 2 ö ù 1 æ 3x 2 öù
= ç + 5x÷ ú - ç 4x - ÷ú - ç - 6x÷ ú
3è 2 ø úû 1 è 2 ø úû 2è 2 ø úû 2
1
1æ 1 1
= ç 8 + 20 - - 5ö÷ - ( 8 - 4 - 4 + 1) - ( 24 - 24 - 6 + 12)
3è 2 ø 2
1 45 1
= æç ö÷ - 1 - ( 6)
3è 2 ø 2
15 15 7
= -1- 3= - 4 = square units.
2 2 2
86 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Þ I = t e t - e t + C'
-1 x
Þ I = e tan (tan -1 x - 1) + C'
From (i)
-1 x -1 x
y e tan = e tan (tan -1 x - 1) + C
-1 x
Þ y = tan -1 x - 1 + C e - tan which is the solution of given differential equation.
88 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
a b c
21. Let|A|= a - b b - c c - a Apply C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
b + c c + a a+b
a+b + c b c
|A| = 0 b-c c-a
2( a + b + c) c + a a + b
Taking (a + b + c) common from C 1
1 b c
|A| = ( a + b + c) 0 b - c c - a
2 c + a a+b
Apply R 3 ® R 3 - 2R 1
1 b c
|A| = ( a + b + c) 0 b-c c-a
0 c + a - 2b a + b - 2c
Expand along C 1 to get
|A| = ( a + b + c)[(b - c)( a + b - 2c) - ( c + a - 2b) ( c - a)]
= ( a + b + c)[ab + b 2 - 2bc - ac - cb + 2c 2 - ( c 2 - ac + ac - a 2 - 2bc + 2ab)]
= ( a + b + c)( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca)
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc = RHS
23. P(GI ) = 0.6 P(GII ) = 0.4
Let E is the event of introducing new product then
P(E/GI ) = 0.7 P(E/GII ) = 0.3
To find P(GII /E)
Using Baye’s theorem we get
P(GII ). P(E / GII )
P(GII /E) =
P(GI ). P(E / GI ) + P(GII ). P(E / GII )
0.4 ´ 0. 3
=
0.6 ´ 0.7 + 0.4 ´ 0. 3
0.12
=
0.42 + 0.12
12 2
= =
54 9
26. We plot the curves y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y and also the various areas of the square.
To show that area of regions I = II = III
4 4
Area of region I = ò 4dx - ò 2 xdx
0 0
Examination Papers – 2009 89
Y
4
x 3/ 2 ù x2=4y
= 4x - 2 ú
3 / 2 úû
0
4 16 y=4 y2=4x
= 16 - ´ 8 = square units 4
3 3
4 4 I
x2
Area of Region II = 2ò x dx - ò dx II x=4
4
0 0 III
4
3
2 3/ 2 x ù O 4
X
= 2. x - ú
3 12 úû
0
4 64 128 - 64 64 16
= ´8- -0= = = square units
3 12 12 12 3
4
x2
Area of Region III = ò dx
4
0
4
x3 ù 64 16
= ú = = square units.
12 úû 12 3
0
Thus, the curves y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the area of given square into three equal parts.
Set–III
(1 + log x) 2
4. Let I = ò dx
x
Let 1 + log x = t
1
dx = dt
x
t3
\ I = ò t 2 dt = +C
3
(1 + log x) 3
= +C
3
® ®
9. Given| a ´ b|= 3
Þ a b sin q = 3
Þ 1 ´ 2 sin q = 3 (Q a = 1, b = 2)
3
sin q =
2
p
Þ q = radians.
3
90 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1 + a2 - b 2 2ab -2b
15. Let|A| = 2ab 1 - a2 + b 2 2a
2b - 2a 1 - a2 - b 2
Apply R 1 ® R 1 + bR 3
1 + a2 + b 2 0 -b - ba 2 - b 3
|A| = 2ab 1 - a2 + b 2 2a
2b -2 a 1 - a2 - b 2
2b -2 a 1 - a2 - b 2
Taking 1 + a 2 + b 2 common from R 2
1 0 -b
2 2 2
|A| = (1 + a + b ) 0 1 a
2b -2a 1 - a - b 2 2
Apply R 3 ® R 3 - 2bR 1
1 0 -b
2 2 2
|A|= (1 + a + b ) 0 1 a
0 -2 a 1 - a 2 + b 2
Expanding along C 1 , we get
|A| = (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 2 [1(1 - a 2 + b 2 + 2a 2 )]
= (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 3 = RHS
17. Let y = x cos x + (sin x) tan x … (i)
cos x tan x
Let u = x , v = (sin x)
Taking log on both side
log u = cos x. log x, log v = tan x log sin x
Differentiating w.r.t. x
1 du 1 1 dv tan x. cos x
= cos x. + log x( - sin x), = + log sin x. sec 2 x
u dx x v dx sin x
Examination Papers – 2009 91
du cos x dv
= x cos x æç - sin x log xö÷ , = (sin x) tan x (1 + sec 2 x log sin x)
dx è x ø dx
\ From (i) we get
dy cos x
= x cos x æç - sin x log xö÷ + (sin x) tan x [1 + sec 2 x log sin x]
dx è x ø
19. Given differential equation is
dy
x log x + y = 2 log x
dx
This can be rearranged as
dy y 2
+ =
dx x log x x
dy
It is a linear differential equation of the type + Py = Q
dx
1
ò x log x dx
Now, IF = e = e log(log x ) = log x
Its solution is given by
2
y log x = ò log x dx
x
(log x) 2
Þ y log x = 2 +C Q ò f ( x). f ¢( x) dx = [ f ( x)] 2 + C
2
C
Þ y = log x + which is the solution of the given differential equation
log x
20. The given lines on rearrangement are expressed as
x-5 y- 2 z-1 x y+1/ 2 z-1
= = and = =
5l + 2 -5 1 1 2l 3
The direction ratios of the two lines are respectively
5l + 2, - 5, 1 and 1, 2l , 3
As the lines are perpendicular,
\ (5l + 2) ´ 1 - 5( 2l) + 1( 3) = 0
Þ 5l + 2 - 10l + 3 = 0
Þ -5 l = -5 Þ l = 1
Hence l = 1 for lines to be perpendicular.
24. The two circles are re-arranged and expressed as
y2 = 9 - x2 … (i)
y 2 = 9 - ( x - 3) 2 … (ii)
To find the point of intersection of the circles we equate y 2
Þ 9 - x 2 = 9 - ( x - 3) 2
Þ 9 - x 2 = 9 - x 2 - 9 + 6x
92 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Y
3
Þ x= x2+y2 = 9
2
The circles are shown in the figure and the shaded
area is the required area.
X’ X
Now, area of shaded region O 3/2 3
é 3 ù
ê2 3 ú
= 2ê ò 9 - ( x - 3) 2 dx + ò 9 - x 2 dxú
(x –3)2 + y2 = 9
ê0 3 ú
êë úû Y’
2
x- 3 9 x - 3 ù 3/ 2 x 9 x 3
= 2é 9 - ( x - 3) 2 + sin -1 + 2é 9 - x 2 + sin -1 ù
êë 2 2 3 úû 0 êë 2 2 3 úû 3
2
é -3 9 9 1 9 ù é9 3 9 9 1ù
= 2ê 9 - + sin -1 æç - ö÷ - sin -1 ( -1) ú + 2ê sin -1 1 - 9 - - sin -1
ë 4 4 2 è 2 ø 2 û ë 2 4 4 2 2 úû
é -3 3 3 9 p 9 p ù é9 p 3 3 3 9 pù
= 2ê . - . + . ú + 2ê . - . - . ú
ë 4 2 2 6 2 2û ë2 2 4 2 2 6û
é 9 3 3p 9p 9p 9 3p ù é -9 3 6p 18p ù
= 2ê - - + + - 3- ú = 2ê - +
ë 8 4 4 4 8 4 û ë 4 4 4 úû
é 9 3 12p ù 9 3
= 2ê - + ú = 6p - square units.
ë 4 4 û 2
27. The three coins C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are choosen randomly.
1
\ P(C 1 ) = P(C 2 ) = P(C 3 ) =
3
Let E be the event that coin shows head.
Then , P(E/C 1 ) = 1
75 3 1
P(E/C 2 ) = = P(E/C 3 ) =
100 4 2
To find: P(C 1 /E)
From Baye’s theorem, we have
P(C 1 ). P(E / C 1 )
P(C 1 /E) =
P(C 1 ). P(E / C 1 ) + P(C 2 ) P(E / C 2 ) + P(C 3 ). P(E / C 3 )
1 1
´1
= 3 = 3
1 1 3 1 1 1æ 3 1
´1+ ´ + ´ ç1 + + ö÷
3 3 4 3 2 3è 4 2ø
1 4 4
= = =
3 1 4+ 3+2 9
1+ +
4 2
4
Thus, probability of getting head from the two headed coin is .
9
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2009
MATHEMATICS CBSE (All India)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
æ 3x + y - yö æ 1 2 ö
1. Find the value of x, if ç ÷=ç ÷.
è 2 y - x 3 ø è -5 3 ø
2. Let * be a binary operation on N given by a * b = HCF (a, b) a, b, ÎN. Write the value of 22 * 4.
1
2
1
3. Evaluate : ò dx.
0 1 - x2
cos x
4. Evaluate : ò dx.
x
7p
5. Write the principal value of, cos -1 æç cos ö÷.
è 6 ø
a-b b - c c - a
6. Write the value of the following determinant : b - c c - a a - b
c - a a-b b - c
x 4
7. Find the value of x, from the following: =0
2 2x
®
8. Find the value of p, if ( 2i$ + 6j$ + 27 k$) ´ (i$ + 3j$ + pk$) = 0 .
9. Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to the three coordinate axes.
® ® ® ® ® ®
10. If p is a unit vector and ( x - p ). ( x + p ) = 80, then find| x|.
SECTION–B
11. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm/minute and the width y is
increasing at the rate of 4 cm/minute. When x = 8 cm and y = 6 cm, find the rate of change of
(a) the perimeter, (b) the area of the rectangle.
94 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
Find the intervals in which the function f given by f ( x) = sin x + cos x, 0 £ x £ 2p , is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
2
dy sin ( a + y)
12. If sin y = x sin( a + y), prove that = .
dx sin a
OR
dy
If (cos x)y = (sin y)x, find .
dx
ì n + 1 , if n is odd
ï
13. Let f : N ® N be defined by f (n) = í 2 for all n Î N.
n
ï , if n is even
î 2
Find whether the function f is bijective.
dx
14. Evaluate : ò
5 - 4x - 2x 2
OR
-1
Evaluate : ò x sin x dx
sin -1 x d2y dy
15. If y = , show that (1 - x 2 ) - 3x - y = 0.
2 dx
1 - x2 dx
16. On a multiple choice examination with three possible answers (out of which only one is
correct) for each of the five questions, what is the probability that a candidate would get four
or more correct answers just by guessing?
1 1+p 1+p+q
17. Using properties of determinants, prove the following : 2 3 + 2p 1 + 3p + 2q = 1
3 6 + 3p 1 + 6p + 3q
dy y
18. Solve the following differential equation : x = y - x tan æç ö÷
dx è xø
dy
19. Solve the following differential equation : cos 2 x + y = tan x.
dx
20. Find the shortest distance between the following two lines :
®
r = (1 + l)i$ + ( 2 - l) j$ + ( l + 1) k$;
®
r = ( 2i$ - j$ - k$) + m( 2i$ + j$ + 2k$).
æ 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ö x æ pö
21. Prove the following : cot -1 ç ÷ = , x Î ç 0, ÷
è 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x ø 2 è 4ø
OR
-1 -1
Solve for x : 2 tan (cos x) = tan ( 2cosec x)
Examination Papers – 2009 95
22. The scalar product of the vector i$ + j$ + k$ with the unit vector along the sum of vectors
2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$ and li$ + 2j$ + 3k$ is equal to one. Find the value of l.
SECTION–C
23. Find the equation of the plane determined by the points A( 3, - 1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and C(–1, –1, 6).
Also find the distance of the point P(6, 5, 9) from the plane.
24. Find the area of the region included between the parabola y 2 = x and the line x + y = 2.
p
xdx
25. Evaluate : ò
0 a cos x + b 2 sin 2 x
2 2
A bag is selected at random and then two balls are randomly drawn from the selected bag.
They happen to be black and red. What is the probability that they came from bag I?
28. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has only Rs. 5,760
to invest and has a space for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs. 360 and a sewing machine
Rs. 240. His expectation is that he can sell a fan at a profit of Rs. 22 and a sewing machine at
a profit of Rs. 18. Assuming that he can sell all the items that he can buy, how should he
invest his money in order to maximize the profit? Formulate this as a linear programming
problem and solve it graphically.
29. If the sum of the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is given, show that the area
p
of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is .
3
OR
x ö
A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs. æç5 - ÷ each. The cost price of x items is
è 100 ø
x
Rs. æç + 500ö÷. Find the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit.
è5 ø
96 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
sin x
2. Evaluate : ò dx
x
æ x - y 2ö æ 2 2ö
5. Find the value of y, if ç ÷=ç ÷.
è x 5ø è 3 5ø
11. If y = 3e 2 x + 2e 3 x , prove that
d2y dy
-5 + 6y = 0
2 dx
dx
18. Find the shortest distance between the following two lines:
®
r = (1 + 2l)i$ + (1 - l) j$ + lk$;
®
r = 2i$ + j$ - k$ + m( 3i$ - 5j$ + 2k$).
19. Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching the y axis at origin.
21. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
x+y x x
5x + 4y 4x 2x = x 3
10x + 8y 8x 3x
25. Find the area of the region included between the parabola 4y = 3x 2 and the line
3x - 2y + 12 = 0.
29. Coloured balls are distributed in three bags as shown in the following table:
Bag Colour of the ball
Black White Red
I 2 1 3
II 4 2 1
III 5 4 3
A bag is selected at random and then two balls are randomly drawn from the selected bag.
They happen to be white and red. What is the probability that they came from bag II?
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given
sec 2 x
7. Evaluate : ò dx
x
10. Find the value of x from the following :
æ 2x - y 5 ö æ 6 5 ö
ç ÷=ç ÷.
è 3 y ø è 3 -2 ø
Examination Papers – 2009 97
13. Find the shortest distance between the following two lines:
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) + l(i$ - 3j$ + 2k$);
®
r = ( 4 + 2m)i$ + (5 + 3m) j$ + ( 6 + m) k$.
14. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves given by ( x - a) 2 + 2y 2 = a 2 ,
where a is an arbitrary constant.
16. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
1+x 1 1
1 1+y 1 = xyz + xy + yz + zx.
1 1 1+z
18. If y = e x (sin x + cos x), then show that
d2y dy
-2 + 2y = 0
2 dx
dx
23. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay.
26. A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 5 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a
number greater than 4. Find the probability that it is actually a number greater than 4.
SOLUTIONS
Set – I
SECTION–A
1. Given,
æ 3x + y - yö æ 1 2 ö
ç ÷=ç ÷
è 2 y - x 3 ø è -5 3 ø
Using equality of two matrices, we have
3x + y = 1, –y=2
Þy= -2
Substituting the values of y, we get
3x + ( - 2) = 1 Þ x=1
2. Given a * b = HCF (a, b), a, b Î N
Þ 22 * 4 = HCF (22, 4) = 2
1
1/ 2
2
1 -1
ù
3. ò dx = sin xú
0 1 - x2 úû 0
æ 1 ö p
= sin -1 ç -1
÷ - sin 0 =
è 2ø 4
98 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
cos x
4. Let I = ò dx Let x = t
x
1
dx = dt
2 x
Þ I = ò cos t.2 dt
Þ I = 2 sin t + C
I = 2 sin x + C
7p
5. cos ç cos ö÷
-1 æ
è 6 ø
æ p ö
= cos -1 ç cosæç p + ö÷ ÷
è è 6 øø
p
= cos -1 æç - cos ö÷
è 6ø
æ 3ö p
= cos -1 ç - ÷=p-
è 2 ø 6
5p
=
6
6. Given determinant is
a-b b - c c - a
A = b - c c - a a-b
c - a a-b b - c
Use the transformation C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
0 b-c c-a
A = 0 c - a a-b = 0
0 a-b b - c
7. We are given that
x 4
=0
2 2x
Þ 2x 2 - 8 = 0
Þ 2x 2 = 8
Þ x2 = 4
Þ x= ±2
®
8. ( 2i$ + 6j$ + 27 k$) ´ (i$ + 3j$ + pk$) = 0
i$ j$ k$
®
Þ 2 6 27 = 0
1 3 p
Examination Papers – 2009 99
®
Þ ( 6p - 81)i$ - ( 2p - 27) j$ + 0k$ = 0
Þ 6p = 81
81 27
Þ p= = .
6 2
9. Any line equally inclined to co-ordinate axes will have direction cosines l, l, l
\ l2 + l2 + l2 = 1
1
3l 2 = 1 Þ l=±
3
1 1 1 1 1 1
\ Direction cosines are + ,+ ,+ or - ,- ,-
3 3 3 3 3 3
® ® ® ®
10. Given ( x - p ).( x + p ) = 80
® ®
Þ | x |2 -| p |2 = 80
®
Þ | x |2 -1 = 80
® ®
Þ | x |2 = 81 or x =9
SECTION–B
dx dy
11. Given = -5 cm/min = 4 cm/min
dt dt
where x = length of rectangle and y = breadth of rectangle.
Perimeter of rectangle is given by
P = 2( x + y)
\ Rate of change of P is
dP dx dy
= 2. +2
dt dt dt
dP
Þ = 2( -5) + 2( 4) = - 2
dt
dP
Þ =-2
dt ( 8 , 6 )
x = 8 cm = – 2 cm/min
y = 6 cm.
i.e., the perimeter is decreasing at the rate of 2 cm/min.
Now, Area of rectangle is given by
A = xy
dA dy dx
Þ =x +y
dt dx dt
= 4x – 5y
100 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
dP
Þ = 32 – 30 = 2
dt ( 8 , 6 )
i.e., the area is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2/min.
OR
Given function f ( x) = sin x + cos x 0 £ x £ 2p
f ¢( x) = cos x - sin x
For the critical points of the function over the interval v 0 £ x £ 2p is given by
f ¢( x) = 0 Þ cos x - sin x = 0
Þ cos x = sin x
p 5p
Þ x= ,
4 4
p p 5p 5p
Possible intervals are æç 0, ö÷ , æç , ö÷ , æç , 2p ö÷
è 4ø è4 4 ø è 4 ø
p
If 0 < x < , f ¢( x) = cos x - sin x > 0 Q cos x > sin x
4
Þ f ¢( x) > 0
Þ f ( x) is strictly increasing.
p 5p
If < x < , f ¢( x) = cos x - sin x < 0 Q cos x < sin x
4 4
Þ f ( x) is strictly decreasing.
5p
If < x < 2p Þ f ¢( x) = cos x - sin x > 0Q cos x > sin x
4
Þ f ( x) is again strictly increasing.
p 5p
\ Given function f ( x) = sin x + cos x [0, 2p] is strictly increasing "x Î æç 0, ö÷ and æç , 2p ö÷
è 4ø è 4 ø
p 5p
while it is strictly decreasing " x Î æç , ö÷
è4 4 ø
12. If sin y = x sin( a + y)
sin y
Þ =x
sin( a + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
dy dy
sin( a + y). cos y - sin y cos( a + y).
Þ dx dx = 1
2
sin ( a + y)
dy
dx
[sin( a + y) cos y - sin y. cos( a + y) ]
Þ =1
sin 2 ( a + y)
dy
Þ
dx
[sin( a + y - y) ] = sin 2 ( a + y)
2
dy sin ( a + y)
\ =
dx sin a
Examination Papers – 2009 101
OR
Given (cos x) y = (sin y) x
Taking log on both sides
\ log (cos x) y = log(sin y) x
Þ y log(cos x) = x log(sin y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 d dy 1 d
y . cos x + log(cos x). = x. . sin y + log sin y.1
cos x dx dx sin y dx
sin x dy cos y dy
Þ -y + log(cos x). =x + log sin y
cos x dx sin y dx
dy dy
Þ - y tan x + log(cos x) = x cot y + log sin y
dx dx
dy dy
Þ log(cos x). - x cot y = log sin y + y tan x
dx dx
dy
Þ [log(cos x) - x cot y] = log sin y + y tan x
dx
dy log sin y + y tan x
\ =
dx log cos x - x cot y
ì n + 1 , if n is odd
ï
13. Given f : N ® N defined such that f (n) = í 2
n
ï , if n is even
î 2
Let x, y Î N and let they are odd then
x+1 y+1
f ( x) = f ( y) Þ = Þx=y
2 2
If x, y Î N are both even then also
x y
f ( x) = f ( y) Þ = Þ x = y
2 2
If x, y Î N are such that x is even and y is odd then
x+1 y
f ( x) = and f ( y) =
2 2
Thus, x ¹ y for f ( x) = f ( y)
Let x = 6 and y = 5
6 5+1
We get f ( 6) = = 3, f (5) = =3
2 2
\ f ( x) = f ( y) but x ¹ y ...(i)
So, f (x) is not one-one.
Hence, f (x) is not bijective.
102 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
dx
14. Let I = ò
5 - 4x - 2x 2
dx
Þ I=ò
5ö
-2æç x 2 + 2x - ÷
è 2ø
dx
Þ I=ò
7
-2é( x + 1) 2 - ù
êë 2 úû
1 dx 1 2 ( x + 1)
Þ I= ò = sin -1 +C
2 ææ 7 ö 2 ö 2 7
çç ÷ - ( x + 1) ÷
2
çè 2 ø ÷
è ø
OR
-1
Let I = ò x sin x dx
II I
x2 x2
I = sin -1 x. -ò dx (using integration by parts)
2 2 1 - x2
x2 1 1 - x2 - 1
Þ I= sin -1 x + ò dx
2 2 1 - x2
x2 1 1
= sin -1 x + ò 1 - x 2 dx - sin -1 x
2 2 2
x2 1 1 x 1
= sin -1 x - sin -1 x + é 1 - x 2 + sin -1 xù + C
2 2 ê
2 ë2 2 úû
x2 1 1
= sin -1 x - sin -1 x + x 1 - x 2 + C
2 4 4
1é
= ( 2x - 1) sin x + x 1 - x 2 ù + C
2 -1
4 êë úû
sin -1 x
15. If y =
1 - x2
1 -2 x
1 - x2 . - sin -1 x.
Þ
dy
= 1 - x2 2 1 - x2
dx 1 - x2
dy 1 + xy
Þ = ...(i)
dx 1 - x 2
æ dy ö
2 (1 - x 2 ) ç x + y÷ + 2x(1 + xy)
d y è dx ø
Þ =
dx 2 (1 - x 2 ) 2
Examination Papers – 2009 103
d2y dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2 = (1 - x 2 ) x. + y(1 - x 2 ) + 2x(1 + xy)
2 dx
dx
d2y dy dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2 = (1 - x 2 ) x. + y(1 - x 2 ) + 2x.(1 - x 2 ) (using (i))
2 dx dx
dx
d2y dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2 = 3x(1 - x 2 ) + y(1 - x 2 )
2 dx
dx
2
d y dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) = 3x +y
2 dx
dx
d2y dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) - 3x -y=0
2 dx
dx
1
16. Let p = probability of correct answer =
3
2
Þ q = probability of incorrect answer =
3
Here total number of questions = 5
P(4 or more correct) = P(4 correct) + P(5 correct)
= 5 C 4 p 4 q 1 + 5 C 5 p5 q 0 using P(r success) = n Cr pr qn-r
4 5
1 æ2ö + 1 ´ æ1ö
= 5 ´ æç ö÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
1 2 1
=5 ´ ´ +
81 3 243
11
=
243
1 1+p 1+p+q
17. Let A = 2 3 + 2p 1 + 3p + 2q
3 6 + 3p 1 + 6p + 3q
Using the transformation R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1 , R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 1
1 1+p 1+p+q
A= 0 1 -1 + p
0 3 -2 + 3 p
Using R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 2
1 1+p 1+p+q
Þ A= 0 1 -1 + p
0 0 1
Expanding along column C 1 , we get
A =1
104 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Þ I = ò t e t dt
Integrating by parts
\ I = te t - ò e t dt = t e t - e t + C ,
æ cos x + sin x x
+ cos - sin
xö
ç ÷
= cot -1 ç 2 2 2 2÷
ç cos x + sin x x
- cos + sin
x÷
è 2 2 2 2ø
x x
= cot -1 é cot ù =
êë ú
2û 2
OR
-1 -1
Given 2 tan (cos x) = tan ( 2cosec x)
æ 2 cos x ö -1 æ 2 ö æ 2A ö
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ = tan çè ÷ Q 2 tan -1 A = tan -1 ç ÷
2
è 1 - cos x ø sin x ø è1 - A 2 ø
2 cos x 2
Þ =
2
sin x sin x
Þ cot x = 1
p
\ x=
4
®
22. Let sum of vectors 2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$ and li$ + 2j$ + 3k$ = a
®
a = ( 2 + l)i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
®
a ( 2 + l)i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
a$ = =
®
| a| ( 2 + l) 2 + 36 + 4
( 2 + l)i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
Hence (i$ + j$ + k$) × a$ = (i$ + j$ + k$) × =1
( 2 + l) 2 + 40
Þ ( 2 + l) + 6 - 2 = ( 2 + l) 2 + 40
Þ ( l + 6) 2 = ( 2 + l) 2 + 40
Þ l2 + 36 + 12l = 4 + l2 + 4l + 40
Þ 8l = 8 Þ l = 1.
SECTION–C
23. The equation of the plane through three non-collinear points A(3, –1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and (–1, –1, 6)
can be expressed as
x- 3 y+1 z- 2
5- 3 2+1 4-2 =0
-1 - 3 -1 + 1 6 - 2
x- 3 y+1 z- 2
Þ 2 3 2 =0
-4 0 4
Examination Papers – 2009 107
Let b tan x = t
b sec 2 x dx = dt
When x = 0, t=0
p
x= t=¥
2
¥ ¥
p dt p 1 tù
I= ò a2 + t 2 = . tan -1
b b a a úû 0
0
p p p
I = (tan -1 ¥ - tan -1 0) = .
ab ab 2
p2
I=
2ab
26. The given system of equation are
x+ y+z= 6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y + z = 12
In matrix form the equation can be written as AX = B
é 1 1 1 ù é xù é 6 ù
Þ ê 1 0 2ú ê yú = ê 7 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
ëê 3 1 1 ûú ëê z ûú ëê12ûú
A = 1( 0 - 2) - 1(1 - 6) + 1(1 - 0) = 4 ¹ 0 Þ A -1 exists.
To find Adj A we have
C 11 = -2 C 12 = 5 C 13 = 1
C 21 = 0 C 22 = -2 C 23 = 2
C 31 = 2 C 32 = -1 C 33 = -1
é -2 5 1ù
\ Matrix of co-factors of elements = 0 -2 2 ú
ê
ê ú
êë 2 -1 -1úû
é -2 0 2ù
Adj A = ê 5 -2 -1ú
ê ú
êë 1 2 -1úû
é -2 0 2ù
Adj A
1ê
\ A = -1
= 5 -2 -1 ú
|A| 4ê ú
êë 1 2 -1úû
é -2 0 2ùé6ù
1ê
Þ -1
X=A B= 5 -2 -1 ú ê 7 ú
4ê úê ú
êë 1 2 -1úû êë12úû
Examination Papers – 2009 109
é -12 + 24 ù
1ê
= 30 - 14 - 12ú
4ê ú
êë 6 + 14 - 12 úû
é12ù é 3ù
1ê ú ê ú
= 4 = 1
4ê ú ê ú
ëê 8 ûú ëê 2 ûú
\ Solution of the equations is x = 3, y = 1, z = 2
OR
é 3 0 -1 ù
Given matrix is A = ê 2 3 0 ú
ê ú
êë 0 4 1 úû
We know A = IA
é 3 0 -1 ù é 1 0 0 ù
\ ê 2 3 0 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 4 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Apply R 1 ® R 1 - R 2
é 1 -3 -1 ù é 1 -1 0 ù
Þ ê 2 3 0 ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 4 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1
é 1 -3 -1 ù é 1 -1 0 ù
Þ ê0 9 2 ú = ê -2 3 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 4 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 3
é 1 -3 -1 ù é 1 -1 0 ù
Þ ê0 1 0 ú = ê -2 3 -2 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 4 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Apply R 1 ® R 1 + 3R 2 , R 3 ® R 3 - 4R 2
é 1 0 -1 ù é -5 8 -6 ù
Þ ê 0 1 0 ú = ê -2 3 -2 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 8 -12 9 úû
Apply R 1 ® R1 + R 3
é1 0 0 ù é 3 -4 3ù
Þ ê0 1 ú
0 = -2ê 3 -2 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 8 -12 9 úû
110 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é 3 -4 3ù
Þ A -1 ê
= -2 3 -2 ú
ê ú
êë 8 -12 9 úû
27. Given distribution of the balls is shown in the table
Bag Colour of the ball
Black White Red
I 1 2 3
II 2 4 1
III 4 5 3
1
As bags are selected at random P( bag I ) = = P( bag II ) = P( bag III )
3
Let E be the event that 2 balls are 1 black and 1 red.
1
C1 ´ 3 C1 1
2
C 1 ´ 1C 1 2
P(E/bag I) = = P(E/bag II) = =
6 5 7 21
C2 C2
4 3
C1 ´ C1 2
P(E/bag III) = =
12 11
C2
We have to determine
P(bag I). P(E / bag I)
P(bag I/E) =
III
å P(bag i) . P(E / bag i)
i=I
1 1 1 1
´ ´
= 3 5 = 3 5
1 1 1 2 1 2 æ1 + 2 + 2 ö 1
´ + ´ + ´ ç ÷
3 5 3 21 3 11 è 5 21 11 ø 3
1
5 231
= =
1 2 2 551
+ +
5 21 11
28. Let the no. of fans purchased by the dealer = x
and number of sewing machines purchased = y
then the L.P.P. is formulated as
Z = 22x + 18y to be maximised subject to constrains
x + y £ 20 … (i) [space only for 20 items]
360x + 240y £ 5760
Þ 3x + 2y £ 48 … (ii)
x ³ 0, y ³ 0 … (iii)
We plot the graph of the constraints.
Examination Papers – 2009 111
y
28
24 (0, 24)
20 A
(0, 20)
16
B(8,12)
12
4
(16, 0) C (20, 0)
x
O 4 8 12 16 20
3x x+
+2 y=
20
y=
4 8
d2A k2 1
Þ =- . <0
dx 2 2 2A
\ Area is maximum x = k/3
Þ h = 2k/3
x k/ 3 1 p
In the right triangle, cos q = = = Þ q=
h 2 k/ 3 2 3
OR
x ö
Selling price of x items = SP = æç5 - ÷x
è 100 ø
x
Cost price of x items = CP = + 500
5
x2 x
Let profit = P = 5x - - - 500
100 5
24x x 2
P= - - 500
5 100
dP
To find maximisation of profit function =0
dx
dP 24 x
Þ = - =0 ...(i)
dx 5 50
24 x 24 x
Þ - =0 Þ =
5 50 5 50
Þ x = 240 items.
Differentiating (i) again w.r.t. x
d2P -1
= <0
2 50
dx
\ Profit is maximum if manufacturer sells 240 items
Set–II
sin x
2. To find I = ò dx
x
1
Let x = t \ dx = dt
2 x
Examination Papers – 2009 113
1
I = 2ò sin t dt [Let x = t \ dx = dt]
2 x
= -2 cos t + c = -2 cos x + C
5. Using equality of two matrices, we have
x-y=2 equating a 11 elements of two sides
x= 3 equating a 21 elements of two sides
Þ 3 - y = 2 Þ - y = -1 \ y = 1
11. Given
y = 3e 2 x + 2e 3 x … (i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy
= 3.2e 2 x + 2. 3e 3 x = 6e 2 x + 6e 3 x
dx
dy 6( y - 3e 2 x )
Þ = 6e 2 x + (using (i))
dx 2
dy
Þ = 6 e 2 x + 3 y - 9 e 2 x = -3 e 2 x + 3 y … (ii)
dx
Differentiating again w.r.t. x
d2y dy
Þ = 3. - 6e 2 x … (iii)
2 dx
dx
dy
From (ii) - 3 y = -3 e 2 x
dx
dy
- 3y
Þ dx = e 2x
-3
Substitute in (iii)
æ dy ö
ç - 3y ÷
d2y dy dx
Þ = 3. - 6ç ÷
dx 2 dx çç -3 ÷÷
è ø
d2y dy dy
Þ =3 +2 - 6y
2 dx dx
dx
d2y 5dy
Þ - + 6y = 0
2 dx
dx
18. Given lines are
®
r = (1 + 2l)i$ + (1 - l) j$ + lk$ = (i$ + j$) + l ( 2i$ - j$ + k$)
®
r = ( 2i$ + j$ - k$) + m( 3i$ - 5j$ + 2k$)
® ü
a 1 = i$ + j$ ï ® ®
$
\ ® ý Þ a 2 - a 1 = i$ - k
$
a 2 = 2i$ + j$ - kïþ
114 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
® ü
b 1 = 2i$ - j$ + k$ ï
® ý Þ lines are not parallel
b 2 = 3i$ - 5j$ + 2k$ïþ
® ® ® ®
( a 2 - a 1 ).(b 1 ´ b 2 )
\ Shortest distance =
® ®
|b 1 ´ b 2|
i$ j$ k$
® ®
b 1 ´ b 2 = 2 -1 1 = 3i$ - j$ - 7 k$
3 -5 2
® ®
Þ |b 1 ´ b 2| = 9 + 1 + 49 = 59
(i$ - k$).( 3i$ - j$ - 7 k$)
\ Shortest distance =
59
10
= units
59
19. As the circle touches y axis at origin, x axis is its diameter. Centre lies on x axis i.e., centre is (r, 0).
Hence equations of circle will be
( x - r) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = r 2 … (i)
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2rx = 0
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’ we get
dy dy
2x + 2y - 2r = 0 Þ r = x + y
dx dx
Putting value of r in (i) we get
2 2
æ dy ö 2 æ dy ö
çx - x - y ÷ + y = çx + y ÷
è dx ø è dx ø
2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö dy
Þ y 2 ç ÷ + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 ç ÷ + 2xy
è dx ø è dx ø dx
dy
Þ 2xy + x 2 - y 2 = 0 which is the required differential equation.
dx
21. Given determinant is
x+y x x
5x + 4y 4x 2x
10x + 8y 8x 3x
Taking x common from both C 2 and C 3 we get
Examination Papers – 2009 115
x+y 1 1
2
x 5x + 4y 4 2
10x + 8y 8 3
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1 , R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 1 we get
x+y 1 1
x 2 3x + 2y 2 0
7 x + 5y 5 0
Expanding along C 3 we get
x 2 [(15x + 10y - 14x - 10y)] = x 3 = RHS
3x 2
25. Given the equation of parabola 4y = 3x 2 Þ y = … (i)
4
and the line 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
3x + 12
Þ =y … (ii)
2
y
The line intersect the parabola at (–2, 3) and (4, 12).
Hence the required area will be the shaded
region. (4, 12)
4 4
3x + 12 3x 2
Required Area = ò 2
dx - ò 4
dx
-2 -2
4 4
3
3 2 x ù (–2,3)
= x + 6x - ú 2
4 4 úû
-2 x
–4 –2 O 2 4
= (12 + 24 - 16) - ( 3 - 12 + 2)
= 20 + 7 = 27 square units.
29. From the given distribution of balls in the bags.
Bag Colour of the ball
Black White Red
I 2 1 3
II 4 2 1
III 5 4 3
4
C 1 ´ 3C 1 2
P(E/bag III) = =
12 11
C2
P( bag II) × P(E/ bag II)
\ P(bag II/E) =
III
å P( bag i) × P(E/bag i)
i=I
1 2 1 2
´ ´
= 3 21 = 3 21
1 1 1 2 1 2 1 æ1 2 2
´ + ´ + ´ ç + + ö÷
3 5 3 21 3 11 3 5 21 11 ø è
2
21 110
= =
1 2 2 551
+ +
5 21 11
Set–III
sec 2 x
7. Let I = ò dx
x
1
Let x = t Þ dx = 2dt
x
\ I = 2ò sec 2 t dt = 2 tan t + C
Þ I = 2 tan x + C
10. Using equality of two matrices
é 2x - y 5 ù é 6 5 ù
ê 3 =
ë yúû êë 3 -2úû
Þ 2x - y = 6
y = -2 equating a 11
\ x=2 equating a 22
13. The given lines are
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) + l(i$ - 3j$ + 2k$) … (i)
®
Þ a 1 = i$ + 2j$ + 3k$ , b 1 = i$ - 3j$ + 2k$
®
r = ( 4i$ + 5j$ + 6k$) + m( 2i$ + 3j$ + k$) … (ii) [by rearranging given equation]
® ®
a2 = 4i$ + 5j$ + 6k$ b 2 = 2i$ + 3j$ + k$
é i$ j$ k$ ù
® ® ê ú
b 1 ´ b 2 = ê 1 -3 2 ú = -9i$ + 3j$ + 9k$
ê2 3 1ú
ë û
Examination Papers – 2009 117
® ®
|b 1 ´ b 2|= 81 + 9 + 81 = 171 = 3 19
® ®
a 2 - a 1 = 3i$ + 3j$ + 3k$
As lines (i) and (ii) are not parallel, the shortest distance
® ® ® ®
( a 2 - a 1 ) × (b 1 ´ b 2 ) ( 3i$ + 3j$ + 3k$) × ( -9i$ + 3j$ + 9k$)
= =
® ® 3 19
|b 1 ´ b 2|
-27 + 9 + 27 3
Shortest distance = = units
3 19 19
14. Equation of family of curves is
( x - a) 2 + 2y 2 = a 2 … (i)
2 2
Þ x + 2y - 2ax = 0 … (ii)
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’
dy
2x + 4y - 2a = 0
dx
Þ a = x + 2yy 1
Substituting value of ‘a’ in (ii)
x 2 + 2y 2 - 2( x + 2yy 1 ). x = 0
Þ 2y 2 - x 2 - 4xyy 1 = 0 which is required differential equation.
16. Given determinant is
1+x 1 1
|A|= 1 1+y 1
1 1 1+z
Apply C 2 ® C 2 - C 3
1+x 0 1
|A| = 1 y 1
1 -z 1 + z
Apply C 1 ® C 1 - C 3
x 0 1
|A| = 0 y 1
-z -z 1 + z
Apply C 1 ® C 1 - x C 3
0 0 1
|A| = -x y 1
-z - x - xz -z 1 + z
Expand along R 1
|A| = 1( xz + yz + xy + xyz) = RHS
118 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Þ x( x 3 - 64a 3 ) = 0 Þ x = 0 or x = 4a
y2=4ax
We plot the curves on same system of axes to get
the required region.
4 aæ
x2 ö
The enclosed area = ò çç 4ax - ÷ dx X
è 4a ÷ø O 4a
0
4a
3 ù
2 2 x3 ú
=2 a x -
3 12a ú
û0
3
4 ( 4a) 3 32a 2 16a 2 16a 2
a( 4a) 2 -
= - 0= - = square units.
3 12a 3 3 3
26. Let E1 be event getting number > 4
E2 be event getting number £ 4
2 1 4 2
P(E1 ) = = P(E2 ) = =
6 3 6 3
Let E be the event that man reports getting number > 4.
3 2
P(E/E1 ) = P(E/E2 ) =
5 5
By Baye’s theorem
1 3
P(E1 ) × P(E/E1 ) ´
3 5 3 3
P(E1 /E) = = = =
P(E1 ) × P(E/E1 ) + P(E2 ). P(E / E2 ) 1 3 2 2 3+4 7
´ + ´
3 5 3 5
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2009
MATHEMATICS CBSE (Foreign)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
1
1. Evaluate: ò x + x log x dx .
1
1
2. Evaluate: ò 2x + 3
dx .
0
3. If the binary operation *, defined on Q, is defined as a * b = 2a + b - ab, for all a, b Î Q, find the
value of 3 * 4 .
æ y + 2x 5 ö æ 7 5 ö
4. If ç ÷=ç ÷ , find the value of y.
è -x 3 ø è -2 3 ø
®
5. Find a unit vector in the direction of a = 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$.
6. Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the following points:
( -2, 4, - 5), (1, 2, 3).
æ 2 3 -5 ö æ 2 1 -1 ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
7. If A = ( aij ) = ç 1 4 9 ÷ and B = (bij ) = ç -3 4 4 ÷ , then find a 22 + b 21 .
ç 0 7 -2 ÷ ç1 5 2÷
è ø è ø
® ® ® ® ® ®
8. If| a|= 3 , | b|= 2 and a . b = 3, find the angle between a and b .
æ1 2ö
9. If A = ç ÷ , then find the value of k if|2A|= k|A|.
è 4 2ø
3p ù
10. Write the principal value of tan -1 é tan .
êë 4 úû
120 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–B
cos x
11. Evaluate: ò ( 2 + sin x)( 3 + 4 sin x) dx
OR
2 -1
Evaluate: ò x . cos x dx
12. Show that the relation R in the set of real numbers, defined as R = {( a, b) : a £ b 2 } is neither
reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive.
y dy x + y
13. If log ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 2 tan -1 æç ö÷ , then show that = .
è xø dx x - y
OR
d2y
If x = a (cos t + t sin t) and y = a (sin t - t cos t), then find
.
dx 2
14. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 4x - 2 which is parallel to the line
4x - 2y + 5 = 0 .
OR
Using differentials, find the approximate value of f ( 2 × 01), where f ( x) = 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2.
15. Prove the following:
1 2 1 3
tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = cos -1 æç ö÷.
è 4ø è 9ø 2 è5ø
OR
Solve the following for x :
æ x2 - 1ö æ 2x ö 2p
cos -1 çç ÷ + tan -1 ç
÷ ÷= .
2 è x2 - 1ø 3
è x + 1ø
x + 1 3y + 5 3 - z
16. Find the angle between the line = = and the plane 10x + 2y - 11z = 3.
2 9 -6
17. Solve the following differential equation:
( x 3 + y 3 ) dy - x 2 ydx = 0
18. Find the particular solution of the differential equation.
dy p
+ y cot x = 4x cosec x, ( x ¹ 0), given that y = 0 when x = .
dx 2
19. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
a2 + 1 ab ac
2
ab b +1 bc = 1 + a2 + b 2 + c 2 .
ca cb c2 + 1
Examination Papers – 2009 121
1 2
20. The probability that A hits a target is and the probability that B hits it is . If each one of A
3 5
and B shoots at the target, what is the probability that
(i) the target is hit?
(ii) exactly one-of-them-hits the target?
dy
21. Find , if y x + x y = a b , where a, b are constants.
dx
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
22. If a , b , c are three vectors such that a . b = a . c and a ´ b = a ´ c , a ¹ 0, then show that
® ®
b = c.
SECTION–C
23. One kind of cake requires 200 g of flour and 25 g of fat, and another kind of cake requires 100 g
of flour and 50 g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5 kg of
flour and 1 kg of fat assuming that there is no shortage of the other integredients used in
making the cakes. Formulate the above as a linear programming problem and solve
graphically.
24. Using integration, find the area of the region:
{( x, y):9x 2 + y 2 £ 36 and 3x + y ³ 6}
x+ 3 y-1 z-5 x+1 y- 2 z-5
25. Show that the lines = = ; = = are coplanar. Also find the
-3 1 5 -1 2 5
equation of the plane containing the lines.
26. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of
2R
radius R is . Also find the maximum volume.
3
OR
Show that the total surface area of a closed cuboid with square base and given volume is
minimum, when it is a cube.
27. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
3x - 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y - z = 1
4x - 3y + 2z = 4
x 4 dx
28. Evaluate: ò
( x - 1)( x 2 + 1)
OR
4
Evaluate: ò [|x - 1|+|x - 2|+|x - 4|]dx
1
29. Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement) from a well
suffled pack of 52 cards. Find the mean and variance of the number of red cards.
122 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
7. Evaluate:
e 2 x - e -2 x
ò e 2 x + e -2 x dx
æ 3x - 2y 5ö æ 3 5ö
10. If ç ÷=ç ÷ , find the value of y.
è x -2 ø è -3 -2 ø
x - 2 2y - 5 3 - z
13. Find the angle between the line = = and the plane x + 2y + 2z - 5 = 0.
3 4 -6
15. Solve the following differential equation:
dy 2
( x 2 - 1) + 2xy =
dx 2
x -1
16. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
1 x x2
x2 1 x = (1 - x 3 ) 2 .
x x2 1
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given.
æ 7y 5 ö æ -21 5 ö
1. If ç ÷=ç ÷ , find the value of x.
è 2x - 3y -3ø è 11 -3ø
4. Evaluate:
e ax - e - ax
ò e ax + e - ax dx
dy 1 - y2
15. If 1 - x 2 + 1 - y 2 = a( x - y), show that = .
dx 1 - x2
Examination Papers – 2009 123
SOLUTIONS
Set – I
SECTION–A
1 dx
1. Let I = ò dx = ò
x + x log x x (1 + log x)
Let 1 + log x = t
1
dx = dt
x
dt
\ I = ò = log|t|+ C
t
= log 1 + log x + C
1 1 1
1 -
2. ò dx = ò ( 2x + 3) 2 dx
0
2x + 3 0
1
1 ù
( 2x + 3) 2 ú
= ú
1 ú
´2
2 úû 0
1 1
=52 - 32 = 5 - 3
3. Given binary operation is
a * b = 2a + b - ab
\ 3* 4 = 2 ´ 3 + 4 - 3 ´ 4
Þ 3 * 4 = -2
4. Using equality of two matrices in
æ y + 2x 5 ö æ 7 5 ö
ç ÷=ç ÷
è -x 3 ø è -2 3 ø
We get
y + 2x = 7
- x = -2 Þ x=2
\ y + 2( 2) = 7 Þ y= 3
®
5. Given a = 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$
®
Þ | a |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7
®
a 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$
\ a$ = =
a 7
Examination Papers – 2009 125
®
Þ a$ = Unit vector in direction of a
2 3 6
= i$ - j$ + k$
7 7 7
6. Direction ratios of the line passing through (–2, 4, –5) and (1, 2, 3) are 1 – (–2), 2 – 4, 3 – (–5)
= 3, – 2, 8
3 -2 8
\ Direction cosines are = , ,
9 + 4 + 64 9 + 4 + 64 9 + 4 + 64
3 -2 8
= , ,
77 77 77
7. a 22 = 4, b 21 = -3
a 22 + b 21 = 4 - 3 = 1
® ® ® ®
8. Given| a|= 3, | b|= 2, a × b = 3
We know
® ® ® ®
a × b =| a|| b|cos q
Þ 3 = 3 ( 2) cos q
1
Þ = cos q
2
p
Þ q=
3
æ1 2ö
9. Given A=ç ÷
è 4 2ø
æ 2 4ö
Þ 2A = ç ÷
è 8 4ø
\ |2A| = 8 - 32 = -24
|A|= 2 - 8 = -6
Þ -24 = k( -6)
4=k
æ 3 pö -1 æ æ p öö
10. tan -1 ç tan ÷ = tan ç tan ç p - ÷ ÷
è 4 ø è è 4 øø
p
= tan -1 ( -1) = -
4
3p ö -p
\ Principal value of tan -1 æç tan ÷= .
è 4 ø 4
SECTION–B
cos xdx
11. Let I = ò
( 2 + sin x)( 3 + 4 sin x)
Let sin x = t
126 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
cos x dx = dt
dt
\ I=ò
( 2 + t)( 3 + 4t)
1 A B
Let = +
( 2 + t)( 3 + 4 t) 2 + t 3 + 4 t
Þ 1 = A( 3 + 4t) + B( 2 + t)
Þ 3A + 2B = 1
4A + B = 0 Þ B = -4A
\ 3A - 8A = 1
1 4
A=- Þ B=
5 5
dt -1 dt 4 dt
Þ I=ò
( 2 + t)( 3 + 4t) 5 ò 2 + t 5 ò 3 + 4t
= +
-1 4 log| 3 + 4t|
= log|2 + t| + +C
5 5 4
-1 1
= log|2 + sin x|+ log| 3 + 4 sin x|+ C
5 5
1 3 + 4 sin x
= log +C
5 2 + sin x
OR
2 -1
Let I = ò x cos x dx
x3 -1 x3
= cos -1 x . -ò ´ dx [Integrating by parts]
3 1 - x2 3
x3 1 x 3 dx
= cos -1 x + ò
3 3 1 - x2
x3 1
= cos -1 x + I 1
3 3
In I1, let 1 – x2 = t so that - 2xdx = dt
1 1 -t 1 æ1 ö
\ I1 = - ò dt = - ò ç - t ÷ dt
2 t 2 è t ø
1æ 2 3/ 2 ö
=- ç2 t - t ÷ +C¢
2 è 3 ø
1
= - 1 - x 2 + (1 - x 2 ) 3 2 + C ¢
3
x3 1 1
\ I= cos -1 x - 1 - x 2 + (1 - x 2 ) 3 2
+C
3 3 9
Examination Papers – 2009 127
æ dy ö
çx - y÷
dy 2 ç dx
Þ 2x + 2y = 2x ÷
dx çç x 2 ÷÷
è ø
dy dy
Þ x+y =x -y
dx dx
dy dy
Þ x+y=x -y
dx dx
dy x + y
Þ =
dx x - y
OR
Given x = a(cos t + t sin t), y = a(sin t - t cos t)
dx dy
Þ = a( - sin t + t cos t + sin t) = at cos t , = a(cos t + t sin t - cos t) = at sin t
dt dt
dy dy / dt at sin t
= = = tan t
dx dx / dt at cos t
Differentiating w.r.t.x again
d2y dt
Þ = sec 2 t.
2 dx
dx
1
= sec 2 t.
at cos t
sec 3 t
=
at
14. Given curve is y = 4x - 2 … (i)
Differentiating w.r.t.x
dy 4 2
= =
dx 2 4x - 2 4x - 2
The tangent is parallel to the line 4x - 2y + 5 = 0.
-4
The slope of this line is = =2
-2
2
\ Slope of tangent = =2
4x - 2
Þ 1 = 4x - 2
3
Þ 1 = 4x - 2 Þ x=
4
Put value of x in (i)
3
y= 4´ -2=1
4
Examination Papers – 2009 129
OR
æ 2 ö
x -1 æ 2x ö 2p
Given cos -1 çç ÷ + tan -1 ç
÷ ÷=
2 è x2 - 1ø 3
è x + 1ø
æ -(1 - x 2 ) ö
Þ cos -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 æç - 2x ö÷ = 2p
ç 1 + x2 ÷ è 1 - x2 ø 3
è ø
æ1 - x 2 ö æ 2x ö 2p
Þ p - cos -1 çç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷=
2÷ è1 - x 2 ø 3
è1 + x ø
[Using cos -1 ( - A) = p - cos -1 A and tan -1 ( - A) = - tan -1 A]
2p
Þ p - 2 tan -1 x - 2 tan -1 x =
3
2p -1
Þ p- = 4 tan x
3
p p p p
Þ = tan -1 x Þ x = tan = tan æç - ö÷
12 12 è4 6ø
p p 1
tan - tan 1-
\ x= 4 6 = 3
p p 1
1 + tan ´ tan 1+
4 6 3
3 -1 ( 3 - 1)( 3 - 1)
Þ x= Þ x=
3 +1 ( 3 + 1)( 3 - 1)
3+1- 2 3
x= =2- 3
2
16. Given line can be rearranged to get
x - ( -1) y - ( -5/ 3) z- 3
= =
2 3 6
Its direction ratios are 2, 3, 6.
Direction ratios of normal to the plane 10x + 2y - 11z = 3 are 10, 2, – 11
Angle between the line and plane
2 ´ 10 + 3 ´ 2 + 6(–11)
sin q =
4 + 9 + 36 100 + 4 + 121
20 + 6 – 66 -40
= =
7 ´ 15 105
-8 -8
sin q = or q = sin -1 æç ö÷
21 è 21 ø
17. ( x 3 + y 3 ) dy - x 2 ydx = 0 is rearranged as
dy x2y
=
dx x 3 + y 3
Examination Papers – 2009 131
-x 3
Þ + log|y|= C is the solution of the given differential equation.
3y 3
dy dy
18. Given differential equation is + y cot x = 4x cosec x and is of the type + Py = Q
dx dx
cot xdx
\ I . F. = e ò = e log|sin x| = sin x
Its solution is given by
Þ sin x . y = ò 4x cosec x. sin x dx
4x 2
Þ y sin x = ò 4x dx = +C
2
Þ y sin x = 2x 2 + C
p
Now y = 0 when x =
2
p2 p2
\ 0=2´ + C ÞC = -
4 2
Hence the particular solution of given differential equation is
p2
y sin x = 2x 2 -
2
132 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
a2 + 1 ab ac
19. Let|A|= ab b2 + 1 bc
ca cb c2 + 1
Apply C 1 ® aC 1 , C 2 ® bC 2 , C 3 ® cC 3
a( a 2 + 1) ab 2 c2a
1
Þ |A|= a 2b b(b 2 + 1) c 2b
abc
a2 c b2c c( c 2 + 1)
Apply C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
a2 + b 2 + c 2 + 1 b2 c2
|A|= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c2
a2 + b 2 + c 2 + 1 b2 c2 + 1
1 b2 c2
= ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 1) 1 b 2 + 1 c2
1 b2 c2 + 1
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - R 1
R 3 ® R 3 - R1
1 b2 c2
2 2 2
\ |A|= ( a + b + c + 1) 0 1 0
0 0 1
Expanding along C 1
|A| = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 1
1
20. Let P(A) = Probability that A hits the target =
3
P(B) = Probability that B hits the target = 2/5
(i) P(target is hit) = P(at least one of A, B hits)
= 1 - P (none hits)
2 3 9 3
=1- ´ = =
3 5 15 5
Examination Papers – 2009 133
SECTION–C
23. Let x = Number of cakes of Ist type while
y = Number of cakes of IInd type
The linear programming problem is to maximise Z = x + y subject to.
200x + 100y £ 5000 Þ 2x + y £ 50 y
25x + 50y £ 1000 Þ x + 2y £ 40
and x ³ 0, y ³ 0
To solve the LPP we draw the graph of the in 50 (0, 50)
equations and get the feasible solution
40
shown (shaded) in the graph. A
Corner points of the common shaded region 30
are A (25, 0), B (20, 10) and C (0, 20).
C(0, 20)
Value of Z at each corner points: 20
Z] = 0 + 20 = 20 B(20,10)
10
( 0 , 20 )
A(25, 0)
Z] = 20 + 10 = 30 x
O 10 20 30 40 50
( 20 , 10 ) x+2
2x
y=4
+y
0
Z ] = 25 + 0 = 25
=5
0
( 25 , 0 )
Hence 20 cakes of Ist kind and 10 cakes of IInd kind should be made to get maximum
number of cakes.
24. Given region is {( x, y): 9x 2 + y 2 £ 36 and 3x + y ³ 6}
y
We draw the curves corresponding to equations
x2 y2
9x 2 + y 2 = 36 or + = 1 and 3x + y = 6 (0, 6)
4 9
The curves intersect at (2, 0) and (0, 6)
\ Shaded area is the area enclosed by the two curves and is
2 2
æ x2 ö (2, 0)
= ò 9çç1 - ÷ dx - ò ( 6 - 3x) dx x’ x
è 4 ÷ø O
0 0
2
éx 4 x x2 ù
= 3ê 4 - x 2 + sin -1 - 2x + ú
êë 4 2 2 2 úû
0
é 2 4 -1 2 4 ù
=3 4 - 4 + sin -4+ -0
ëê 4 2 2 2 ûú
p y’
= 3é 2 - 2ù = 3( p - 2) square units
ëê 2 ûú
Examination Papers – 2009 135
dV 3p 2
Þ = pR 2 - h … (ii)
dh 4
For finding maximum volume
dV 3p 2 2r
=0 Þ pR 2 = h
dh 4
2
Þ h= R
3
136 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
d2S 8V
=4+ = 12 > 0
dx 2 æç x = V 1 3 ÷ö V
è ø
1
\ Surface area is minimum when x = V 3
1
V 3
Put value of x in (ii) y= =V
2
V 3
1
\ x= y=V 3
æ xö æ -1 -5 -1 ö æ 8 ö
ç ÷ 1 ç ÷ç ÷
Þ ç y÷ = - ç -8 -6 9 ÷ ç 1 ÷
çz÷ 17 ç -10 1 7 ÷ ç 4÷
è ø è øè ø
æ -8 - 5 - 4 ö
1 ç ÷
=- ç -64 - 6 + 36÷
17 ç -80 + 1 + 28 ÷
è ø
æ -17 ö
1 ç ÷
=- ç -34 ÷
17 ç -51 ÷
è ø
Þ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 is the required solution of the equations.
x4
28. Let I = ò dx
( x - 1)( x 2 + 1)
x4 x4 -1 +1
Suppose =
( x - 1)( x 2 + 1) ( x - 1) ( x 2 + 1)
1
= x+1+
( x - 1)( x 2 + 1)
1 A Bx + c
Also let = +
2
( x - 1)( x + 1) x - 1 x2 + 1
Þ 1 = A( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C) ( x - 1)
Equating coefficients of similar terms
A+B=0
-B + C = 0 Þ B=C
A-C =1
\ A- B=1
A+B=0
1 1
Þ 2A = 1 Þ A = Þ B= - =C
2 2
æ 1 ö
ç 1 x+1 ÷
\ I = ò çx + 1 + 2 - ÷dx
ç x - 1 2 x2 + 1÷
è ø
x2 1 1 2x 1 dx
= + x + log|x - 1| - ò dx - ò dx
2 2 4 x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1
x2 1 1 1
= + x + log|x - 1| - log|x 2 + 1| - tan -1 x + C
2 2 4 2
Examination Papers – 2009 139
OR
4
Given I = ò [|x - 1| +|x - 2| +|x - 4|] dx
1
4 2 4 4
= ò ( x - 1) dx + ò -( x - 2) dx + ò ( x - 2) dx + ò -( x - 4) dx
1 1 2 1
4 2 4 4
x2 ù é x2 ù x2 ù æ x2 öù
= - xú + ê - + 2xú + - 2xú + çç - + 4x÷÷ ú
2 úû 1 êë 2 úû 1 2 úû 2 è 2 ø úû 1
16 1 1 16 16 1
= æç - 4 - + 1ö÷ + æç -2 + 4 + - 2ö÷ + æç - 8 - 2 + 4ö÷ + æç - + 16 + - 4ö÷
è2 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 2 ø
1 1 1
= æç5 - ö÷ + + 2 + 4 +
è 2 ø 2 2
1 23
= 11 + =
2 2
29. Total no. of cards in the deck = 52
Number of red cards = 26
No. of cards drawn = 2 simultaneously
\ x = value of random variable = 0, 1, 2
xi P(x) xi P( x) x12 P( x)
26
0 C 0 ´ 26 C 2 25 0 0
52
=
C2 102
26
1 C1 ´ 26 C1 52 52 52
52
= 102 102
C2 102
26
2 C 0 ´ 26 C 2 25 50 100
52
= 102 102
C2 102
Sxi P( x) = 1 152
Sxi 2 P( x) =
102
Mean = m = Sxi P( x) = 1
Variance = s 2 = Sxi2 P( x) - m 2
152 50 25
= -1= =
102 102 51
= 0.49
140 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Set–II
e 2 x - e -2 x
7. Let I = ò dx
e 2 x + e -2 x
Let e 2 x + e -2 x = t
Þ 2( e 2 x - e -2 x ) dx = dt
1 dt
2ò t
\ I=
1
= log|t| + c
2
1
= log|e 2 x + e -2 x| + c
2
10. Using equality of two matrices, we have
3x - 2y = 3
x = -3
\ 3( -3) - 2y = 3
Þ -2y = 12
Þ y = -6
\ x = - 3, y = - 6
13. The given line is
x - 2 2y - 5 3 - z
= =
3 4 -6
It is rearranged as
x- 2 y-5/ 2 z- 3
= =
3 2 6
DR’s of the line are = 3, 2, 6
The given equation of plane is x + 2y + 2z - 5 = 0
The DR’s of its normal are = 1, 2, 2
To find angle between line and plane
3(1) + 2( 2) + 6( 2) 19
sin q = =
9 + 4 + 36 1 + 4 + 4 21
-1 æ 19 ö
Þ q = sin ç ÷
è 21 ø
15. The differential equation given is
dy 2
( x 2 - 1) + 2xy =
dx 2
x -1
dy 2x 2
Þ + y=
2
dx x - 1 ( x - 1) 2
2
Examination Papers – 2009 141
dy
It is an equation of the type + Py = Q
dx
2x
ò dx 2 - 1)
\ I . F. = e x2 - 1
= e log( x = x2 - 1
Its solution is given by
2
( x 2 - 1) y = ò ( x 2 - 1) dx
( x - 1) 2
2
1 x-1
Þ ( x 2 - 1) y = 2 . log +C
2 x+1
1 x-1 C
Þ y= log + is required solution.
2 x+1 2
x -1 x -1
1 x x2
16. Let|A| = x 2 1 x
x x2 1
Apply C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
1 + x + x2 x x2
|A| = 1 + x + x 2 1 x
1 + x + x2 x2 1
1 x x2
2
Þ |A| = (1 + x + x ) 1 1 x
1 x2 1
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - R 1 , R 3 ® R 3 - R 1
1 x x2
2
Þ |A|= (1 + x + x ) 0 1-x x - x2
0 x2 - x 1 - x2
Expanding along C 1
|A| = (1 + x + x 2 )(1 - x) 2 (1 + x + x 2 )
= (1 - x 3 ) 2 [Q 1 - x 3 = (1 - x)(1 + x + x 2 )]
18. Given y = a cos(log x) + b sin(log x)
dy - a sin(log x) b cos(log x)
Þ = +
dx x x
142 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
dy
Þ x = - a sin(log x) + b cos(log x)
dx
Differentiating again w.r.t. x
d 2 y dy - a cos(log x) b sin(log x)
Þ x + = -
dx 2 dx x x
d2y xdy
Þ x2 + = -y
2 dx
dx
d2y xdy
\ x2 + +y=0
2 dx
dx
26. Here number of throws = 4
6 1
P(doublet) = p = =
36 6
30 5
P(not doublet) = q = =
36 6
Let X denotes number of successes, then
5 4 625
P(X = 0) = 4 C 0 p 0 q 4 = 1 ´ 1 ´ æç ö÷ =
è 6ø 1296
1 æ5 ö 3 125 500
P(X = 1) = 4 C 1 ´ç ÷ =4´ =
6 è 6ø 1296 1296
1 2 5 2 25 150
P(X = 2) = 4 C 2 æç ö÷ ´ æç ö÷ = 6 ´ =
è 6ø è 6ø 1296 1296
1 3 5 20
P(X = 3) + 4 C 3 æç ö÷ ´ =
è 6ø 6 1296
1 4 1
P(X = 4) = 4 C 4 æç ö÷ =
è 6ø 1296
Being a binomial distribution with
1 5
n = 4, p = and q =
6 6
1 2
m = mean = np = 4 ´ =
6 3
2 1 5 5
m = variance = npq = 4 ´ ´ = .
6 6 9
28. The region given is
{( x, y):25x 2 + 9y 2 £ 225 and 5x + 3y ³ 15}
Consider the equations
25x 2 + 9y 2 = 225 and 5x + 3y = 15
x2 y2
Þ + = 1 which is an ellipse.
9 25
Examination Papers – 2009 143
y
The two curve intersect at points (0, 5) and (3, 0)
obtained by equating values of y from two equations. (0, 5)
Hence the sketch of the curves is as shown in the figure
and required area is the shaded region.
The required included area is
3 3
x2 15 - 5x
= ò5 1 - dx - ò dx (3, 0)
9 3 x’ x
0 0 O
3
5 æx 9 x x 2 öù
= çç 9 - x 2 + sin -1 - 3x + ÷ú
3 è2 2 3 2 ÷ø ûú
0
5 æ3 9 -1 3 9 ö
= ç 9 - 9 + sin - 9 + - 0÷
3 è2 2 3 2 ø
5 9 p 9 15 æ p
= æç ´ - ö÷ = ö
ç - 1÷ square units. y’
è
3 2 2 2 ø è
2 2 ø
Set–III
1. Using equality of two matrices
7 y = -21 Þ y = -3
2x - 3y = 11
Þ 2x + 9 = 11
Þ x=1
\ x = 1, y = – 3
e ax - e - ax
4. Let I = ò dx
e ax + e - ax
ax - ax
1 a( e - e )
= ò
a e +eax - ax
dx
1 é f ¢( x) ù
= log|e ax + e - ax|+ C êQ ò dx = log| f ( x)| + C ú
a ë f ( x) û
15. Given
1 - x 2 + 1 - y 2 = a( x - y)
Let x = sin A Þ A = sin -1 x
y = sin B Þ B = sin -1 y
1 A-B
Þ = tan
a 2
-1 1 A-B
Þ tan =
a 2
1
Þ 2 tan -1 = sin -1 x - sin -1 y
a
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 1 dy
0= -
1 - x2 1 - y 2 dx
dy 1 - y2 1 - y2
Þ = =
dx 1 - x2 1 - x2
a + bx c + dx p + qx
17. Let|A| = ax + b cx + d px + q
u v w
Apply R 2 ® R 2 - xR 1
a + bx c + dx p + qx
2 2
|A| = b - bx d - dx q - qx 2
u v w
Taking 1 - x 2 common from R 2
a + bx c + dx p + qx
2
|A| = (1 - x ) b d q
u v w
Apply R 1 ® R 1 - xR 2 , we get
a c p
2
|A| = (1 - x ) b d q = RHS
u v w
18. Given differential equation is
dy
xy = ( x + 2)( y + 2)
dx
y x+2
Þ dy = dx
y+2 x
Integrating both sides
y æ 2ö
ò y + 2 dy = ò çè1 + x ÷ø dx
æ 2 ö æ 2ö
Þ ò çè1 - y + 2 ÷ø dy = ò çè1 + x ÷ø dx
Examination Papers – 2009 145
2 C(3,2)
A (–1,0)
x
–1 O 1 2 3
1 3 3
Required area of triangle = ò AB + ò BC - ò AC
-1 1 -1
3
Equation of line AB Þ y = ( x + 1)
2
x 7
Equation of line BC y = - +
2 2
x 1
Equation of line AC Þ y = +
2 2
146 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1 3 3
æ3 3ö æ x 7ö æx 1ö
\ Area of DABC = ò çè 2 x + 2 ÷ø dx + ò çè - 2 + 2 ÷ø dx - ò çè 2 + 2 ÷ø dx
-1 1 -1
1 3 3
3x 2 3 ù æ -x 2 7 öù æ x 2 x öù
= + xú + çç + x÷÷ ú - çç + ÷÷ ú
4 2 úû 4 2 ø úû è 4 2 ø úû
-1 è 1 -1
3 3 3 3 -9 21 1 7 ö æ 9 3 1 1 ö
= æç + - + ö÷ + æç + + - ÷-ç + - + ÷
è4 2 4 2ø è 4 2 4 2ø è 4 2 4 2ø
-9 + 42 + 1 - 14 æ 9 + 6 - 1 + 2 ö
= 3+ -ç ÷
4 è 4 ø
= 3 + 5 - 4 = 4 square units.
27. Total no. of bulbs = 30
Number of defective bulbs = 6
Number of good bulbs = 24
Number of bulbs drawn = 4 = n
6 1
p = probability of drawing defective bulb = =
30 5
4
q = probability of drawing good bulb =
5
The given probability distribution is a binomial distribution with
1 4
n = 4, p = , q =
5 5
1 r 4 4 -r
Where P(r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 success) = 4 Cr æç ö÷ æç ö÷
è5 ø è 5 ø
Hence mean = m = np
1 4
\ m=4´ =
5 5
Variance = s 2 = npq
1 4 16
\ s2 = 4 ´ ´ =
5 5 25
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2010
MATHEMATICS CBSE (Delhi)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
| x - 1|
1. What is the range of the function f ( x) = ?
( x - 1)
æ 3ö
2. What is the principal value of sin -1 ç - ÷?
è 2 ø
æ cos a - sin a ö
3. If A = ç ÷ , then for what value of a is A an identity matrix?
è sin a cos a ø
0 2 0
4. What is the value of the determinant 2 3 4 ?
4 5 6
log x
5. Evaluate : ò dx.
x
6. What is the degree of the following differential equation?
2
æ dy ö d2y
5x ç ÷ - - 6y = log x
è dx ø dx 2
148 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–B
11. On a multiple choice examination with three possible answers (out of which only one is
correct) for each of the five questions, what is the probability that a candidate would get four
or more correct answers just by guessing?
12. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose
® ® ® ®
position vectors are ( 2 a + b ) and ( a - 3 b ) respectively, externally in the ratio 1 : 2. Also,
show that P is the mid-point of the line segment RQ.
13. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the points A ( 0, 0, 0) and
x- 4 y + 3 z +1
B( 3, - 1, 2) and parallel to the line = = .
1 -4 7
14. Using elementary row operations, find the inverse of the following matrix :
æ2 5 ö
ç ÷
è1 3ø
15. Let Z be the set of all integers and R be the relation on Z defined as R = {( a, b) ; a, b Î Z , and
( a - b) is divisible by 5.} Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
16. Prove the following:
1 æ1 - x ö
tan -1 x = cos -1 ç ÷ , x Î ( 0, 1)
2 è1 + x ø
OR
Prove the following :
12 3 56
cos -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷ = sin -1 æç ö÷
è 13 ø è5ø è 65 ø
17. Show that the function f defined as follows, is continuous at x = 2, but not differentiable:
ì 3x - 2, 0 < x £ 1
ï
f ( x) = í 2x 2 - x, 1 < x £ 2
ï 5x - 4, x>2
î
OR
dy -1
Find , if y = sin [x 1 - x - x 1 - x 2 ].
dx
Examination Papers – 2010 149
æ sin 4x - 4 ö
18. Evaluate : ò e x ç ÷ dx.
è 1 - cos 4x ø
OR
2
1-x
Evaluate : ò dx.
x (1 - 2x)
p / 3 sin x + cos x
19. Evaluate : ò dx.
p/ 6 sin 2x
20. Find the points on the curve y = x 3 at which the slope of the tangent is equal to the
y-coordinate of the point.
21. Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy 2
x log x . + y = × log x
dx x
OR
Find the particular solution of the differential equation satisfying the given conditions:
dy
= y tan x, given that y = 1 when x = 0.
dx
22. Find the particular solution of the differential equation satisfying the given conditions:
x 2 dy + ( xy + y 2 ) dx = 0 ; y = 1 when x = 1.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. A small firm manufactures gold rings and chains. The total number of rings and chains
manufactured per day is atmost 24. It takes 1 hour to make a ring and 30 minutes to make a
chain. The maximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the profit on a ring is Rs. 300
and that on a chain is Rs 190, find the number of rings and chains that should be
manufactured per day, so as to earn the maximum profit. Make it as an L.P.P. and solve it
graphically.
24. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are
drawn at random and are found to be both clubs. Find the probability of the lost card being
of clubs.
OR
From a lot of 10 bulbs, which includes 3 defectives, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn at random.
Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs.
25. The points A ( 4, 5, 10), B ( 2, 3, 4) and C (1, 2, - 1) are three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
Find the vector equations of the sides AB and BC and also find the coordinates of point D.
26. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and the line
x = 4y - 2.
150 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
p x tan x
Evaluate: ò dx.
0 sec x + tan x
27. Show that the right circular cylinder, open at the top, and of given surface area and
maximum volume is such that its height is equal to the radius of the base.
28. Find the values of x for which f ( x) = [x ( x - 2)] 2 is an increasing function. Also, find the
points on the curve, where the tangent is parallel to x-axis.
29. Using properties of determinants, show the following:
(b + c) 2 ab ca
ab ( a + c) 2 bc = 2abc ( a + b + c) 3
ac bc ( a + b) 2
Set-II
20. Find the equations of the normals to the curve y = x 3 + 2x + 6 which are parallel to the line
x + 14y + 4 = 0.
3
23. Evaluate ò ( 3x 2 + 2x) dx as limit of sums.
1
OR
Using integration, find the area of the following region:
ìï x2 y2 x y üï
í( x, y) ; + £1£ + ý
ïî 9 4 3 2 ïþ
29. Write the vector equations of the following lines and hence determine the distance between
them:
x-1 y- 2 z+ 4 x- 3 y- 3 z+5
= = ; = =
2 3 6 4 6 12
Set-III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
1 1
1. Find the principal value of sin -1 æç - ö÷ + cos -1 æç - ö÷ .
è 2ø è 2ø
9. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and| 3A| = K| A|, then write the value of K.
11. There are two Bags, Bag I and Bag II. Bag I contains 4 white and 3 red balls while another Bag
II contains 3 white and 7 red balls. One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is
found to be white. Find the probability that it was drawn from Bag I.
14. Prove that : tan -1 (1) + tan -1 ( 2) + tan -1 ( 3) = p.
OR
æx - 1ö æx + 1ö p
If tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ = , find the value of x.
è x - 2 ø è x + 2ø 4
17. Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers, defined as S = {( a, b) : a, b Î R and a £ b 3 }
is neither reflexive, nor symmetric nor transitive.
x-7
19. Find the equation of tangent to the curve y = , at the point, where it cuts the
( x - 2) ( x - 3)
x-axis.
23. Find the intervals in which the function f given by
f ( x) = sin x - cos x, 0 £ x £ 2p
is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
152 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
4
24. Evaluate ò ( x 2 - x) dx as limit of sums.
1
OR
Using integration find the area of the following region :
{( x, y) :| x - 1| £ y £ 5 - x 2 }
SOLUTIONS
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. We have given
| x - 1|
f ( x) =
( x - 1)
ì ( x - 1), if x - 1 > 0 or x > 1
| x - 1| = í
î -( x - 1), if x - 1 < 0 or x < 1
( x - 1)
(i) For x > 1, f ( x) = =1
( x - 1)
- ( x - 1)
(ii) For x < 1, f ( x) = = -1
( x - 1)
| x - 1|
\ Range of f ( x) = is {-1, 1}.
( x - 1)
æ 3ö
2. Let x = sin -1 ç - ÷
è 2 ø
3 p é 3 pù
Þ sin x = - Þ sin x = sin æç - ö÷ êQ = sin ú
2 è 3ø ë 2 3û
p
Þ x=-
3
æ 3ö p
The principal value of sin -1 ç - ÷ is - ×
è 2 ø 3
3. We have given
é cos a - sin a ù
A=ê
ë sin a cos a úû
For the identity matrix, the value of A11 and A12 should be 1 and value of A12 and A21
should be 0.
i.e., cos a = 1 and sin a = 0
As we know cos 0° = 1 and sin 0° = 0
Þ a = 0°
Examination Papers – 2010 153
0 2 0
3 4 2 4 2 3
4. 2 3 4 =0 -2 +0 (expanding the given determinant by R 1 )
5 6 4 6 4 5
4 5 6
2 4
=-2
4 6
= - 2 (12 - 16) = 8
The value of determinant is 8.
5. We have given
log x
ò x dx
1
Let log x = t Þ dx = dt
x
Given integral = ò t dt
2
t2 (log x)
= + c= +c
2 2
2
æ dy ö d2y
6. 5x ç ÷ - - 6y = log x
è dx ø dx 2
d2y
Degree of differential equation is the highest power of the highest derivative. In above is
dx 2
the highest order of derivative.
\ Its degree = 1.
®
7. Let A = i$ - 2j$ + 2k$
® i$ - 2j$ + 2k$ 1 $
Unit vector in the direction of A is A$ = = (i - 2j$ + 2k$)
(1) 2 + ( -2) 2 + ( 2) 2 3
We get given line passes through the point ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) i.e., (5, - 4, 6) and direction ratios are
( a, b , c) i.e., (3, 7, –2).
Now, we can write vector equation of line as
®
A = (5i$ - 4j$ + 6k$) + l ( 3i$ + 7 j$ - 2k$)
é 1 2ù é 3 1ù é7 11 ù
9. ê úê ú=ê ú
ë 3 4û ë 2 5û ë k 23û
é 1 2ù é 3 1ù
LHS =ê úê ú
ë 3 4û ë 2 5û
é (1) ( 3) + ( 2) ( 2) (1) (1) + ( 2) (5) ù é 7 11 ù
=ê =
ë( 3) ( 3) + ( 4) ( 2) ( 3) (1) + ( 4) (5) úû êë17 23úû
Now comparing LHS to RHS, we get
\ k = 17
10. We will consider
®
a = 2i$ + j$ + k$
® 2i$ + j$ + k$
Unit vector in the direction of a is a$ =
( 2 ) 2 + (1) 2 + (1) 2
2i$ + j$ + k$ 2i$ + j$ + k$
= =
4 2
2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $
= i + j + k= i+ j+ k
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
The cosine of the angle which the vector 2i$ + j$ + k$ makes with y-axis is æç ö÷ .
è 2ø
SECTION–B
11. No. of questions = n = 5
Option given in each question = 3
1
p = probability of answering correct by guessing =
3
1 2
q = probability of answering wrong by guessing = 1 - p = 1 - =
3 3
This problem can be solved by binomial distribution.
2 n - r æ 1 ör
P(r) = nCr æç ö÷ ç ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
where r = four or more correct answers = 4 or 5
2 1 4 1 5
(i) P( 4) = 5 C 4 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ (ii) P (5) = 5 C5 æç ö÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
Examination Papers – 2010 155
\ P = P ( 4) + P(5)
2 1 4 1 5
= 5 C 4 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ + 5 C5 æç ö÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
1 4 é 10 + 1 ù = 1 é 11 ù = 11 = 0 × 045
= æç ö÷
è 3ø êë 3 3 úû 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 êë 3 úû 243
12. The position vector of the point R dividing the join of P and Q externally in the ratio 1 : 2 is
® ® ® ®
® 1 ( a - 3 b ) - 2 (2 a + b )
OR =
1-2
® ® ® ® ® ®
a -3b -4 a -2b -3 a - 5 b ® ®
= = = 3 a +5 b
-1 -1
Mid-point of the line segment RQ is
® ® ® ®
(3 a + 5 b ) +( a - 3 b ) ® ®
=2 a + b
2
As it is same as position vector of point P, so P is the mid-point of the line segment RQ.
13. Equation of plane is given by
a ( x - x 1 ) + b ( y - y 1 ) + c (z - z 1 ) = 0
Given plane passes through (0, 0, 0)
\ a ( x - 0) + b ( y - 0) + c (z - 0) = 0 …(i)
Plane (i) passes through (3, –1, 2)
\ 3a - b + 2c = 0 …(ii)
Also plane (i) is parallel to the line
x- 4 y+ 3 z+1
= =
1 -4 7
a - 4b + 7 c = 0 …(iii)
Eliminating a, b , c from equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x y z
3 -1 2 = 0
1 -4 7
-1 2 3 2 3 -1
Þ x -y +z =0
-4 7 1 7 1 -4
Þ x ( -7 + 8) - y ( 21 - 2) + z ( -12 + 1) = 0
Þ x - 19y - 11z = 0 , which is the required equation
é 2 5 ù
14. Given, A=ê ú
ë 1 3 û
We can write, A = IA
156 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é 2 5ù é 1 0ù
i.e., ê 1 3ú = ê 0 1ú A
ë û ë û
é1 2ù é 1 -1ù
ê1 3ú = ê 0 1úû
A [R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 ]
ë û ë
é 1 2ù é 1 -1ù
ê 0 1ú = ê -1 A [R 2 ® R 2 - R 1 ]
ë û ë 2úû
é 1 0ù é 3 -5 ù
ê 0 1 ú = ê -1 2úû
A [R 1 ® R 1 - 2R 2 ]
ë û ë
é 3 -5 ù
A -1 = ê
ë -1 2úû
15. We have provided
R = {( a, b) : a, b Î Z , and ( a - b) is divisible by 5}
(i) As (a - a) = 0 is divisible by 5.
\ ( a, a) Î R " a Î R
Hence, R is reflexive.
(ii) Let ( a, b) Î R
Þ ( a - b) is divisible by 5.
Þ - (b - a) is divisible by 5. Þ (b - a) is divisible by 5.
\ (b , a) Î R
Hence, R is symmetric.
(iii) Let ( a, b) Î R and (b , c) Î Z
Then, ( a - b) is divisible by 5 and (b - c) is divisible by 5.
( a - b) + (b - c) is divisible by 5.
( a - c) is divisible by 5.
\ ( a, c) Î R
Þ R is transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
16. We have to prove
1 æ1 - x ö
tan -1 x = cos -1 ç ÷ , x Î( 0, 1)
2 è1 + x ø
1
L.H.S. = tan -1 x = [2 tan -1 x ]
2
1é (1) 2 - ( x ) 2 ù
= ê cos -1 ú
2ê
ë (1) 2 + ( x ) 2 úû
1 æ1 - x ö
= cos -1 ç ÷ = R.H.S. Hence Proved.
2 è1 + x ø
Examination Papers – 2010 157
OR
12 ö -1 æ 3 ö 56
cos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ = sin -1 æç ö÷
æ -1
è 13 ø è5ø è 65 ø
12 3
LHS = cos -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 æç ö÷
è 13 ø è5ø
5 æ 3ö é æ 12 ö = sin -1 æ 5 öù
= sin -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ êëQ cos
-1
ç ÷ ç ÷ú
è 13 ø è5ø è 13 ø è 13 ø û
é5 2 2ù
= sin -1 ê ´ 1 - æç 3 ö÷ + 3 ´ 1 - æç 5 ö÷ ú
ê 13 è5ø 5 è 13 ø ú
ë û
5 4 3 12
é ´ + ´ ù = sin -1 56
= sin -1 = RHS
êë 13 5 5 13 úû 65
LHS = RHS Hence Proved
ì 3x - 2, 0 < x £ 1
ï
17. We have given, f ( x) = í 2x 2 - x, 1 < x £ 2
ï 5x - 4, x>2
î
At x = 2,
(i) RHL LHL
= lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)
x ® 2+ x ® 2-
= lim f ( 2 + h) = lim f ( x)
h®0 x ® 2-
= 10 – 4 = 6 = lim {( 2 - h) ( 4 - 2h - 1)} = 2 × 3 = 6
h®0
2
Also, f ( 2) = 2( 2) - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6
Q LHL = RHL = f ( 2)
\ f ( x) is continuous at x = 2
(ii) LHD RHD
f ( 2 - h) - f ( 2) f ( 2 + h) - f ( 2)
= lim = lim
h®0 -h h®0 h
2
[2 ( 2 - h) - ( 2 - h)] - ( 8 - 2) [5 ( 2 + h) - 4] - ( 8 - 2)
= lim = lim
h®0 -h h®0 h
2
[8 + 2h - 8h - 2 + h) - 6 5h
= lim = lim
h®0 -h h®0 h
2
2h - 7 h
= lim = lim (5)
h®0 -h h®0
= lim ( -2h + 7) = 7 =5
h®0
158 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Q LHD ¹ RHD
\ f ( x) is not differentiable at x = 2
OR
We have given
y = sin -1 [x 1 - x - x 1 - x 2 ].
= sin -1 [x 1 - ( x ) 2 - x 1 - x 2 ]
Þ y = sin -1 x - sin -1 x
x æ sin 4x - 4 ö
18. òe ç ÷ dx
è 1 - cos 4x ø
æ 2 sin 2x cos 2x - 4 ö
= ò ex ç ÷ dx [sin 4x = 2 sin 2x cos 2x and 1 - cos 4x = 2 sin 2 2x]
ç 2 sin 2 2x ÷
è ø
= ò e x (cot 2x - 2 cosec 2 2x) dx
= ò cot 2x . e x dx - 2 ò e x cosec 2 2x dx
x2 - 1 1 æ 2x 2 - 2 ö
=ò dx = ò ç ÷ dx
2x 2 - x 2 ç 2x 2 - x ÷
è ø
1 ( 2x 2 - x) + ( x - 2)
=
2 ò 2x 2 - x
dx
1 æ x-2 ö
=
2 ò ççè1 + 2x 2 - x ÷÷ø dx …(i)
Examination Papers – 2010 159
By partial fraction
x-2 x-2 A B
= = +
2 x ( 2 x - 1) x 2 x -1
2x - x
x - 2 = A ( 2x - 1) + Bx …(ii)
Equating co-efficient of x and constant term, we get
2A + B = 1 and - A = -2
Þ A = 2 , B = -3
x-2 2 3
\ = +
2
2x - x x 1 - 2x
From equation (i)
1 - x2 1 1 æ2 3 ö
ò x (1 - 2x) dx = 2 ò 1 dx + 2 ò çè x + 1 - 2x ÷ø dx
1 3
=
x + log| x| - log|1 - 2x| + c
2 4
19. Given integral can be written as
p/3 sin x + cos x p/3 sin x + cos x
I=ò dx = ò dx
p/ 6 1 - (1 - sin 2x) p / 6
1 - ( sin x - cos x) 2
Put sin x - cos x = t
dt
so that, (cos x + sin x) =
dx
p p p 1 3
when x = , t = sin - cos = -
6 6 6 2 2
p p p 3 1
when x = , t = sin - cos = -
3 3 3 2 2
3 1 3 1
- dt -
Þ I=ò
1
2
-
3
2
1 - t2
[
= sin -1
]
t
1
2
-
2
3
2 2 2 2
é 3 1ù é1 3ù
= sin -1 ê - ú - sin -1 ê - ú
ë 2 2û ë2 2 û
é 3 1ù é 3 1ù 1
= sin -1 ê - ú + sin -1 ê - ú = 2 sin -1 ( 3 - 1)
ë 2 2û ë 2 2û 2
20. Let P ( x 1 , y 1 ) be the required point. The given curve is
y = x3 …(i)
dy
= 3x 2
dx
æ dy ö
ç ÷ = 3x 12
è dx ø x
1 , y1
160 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1
[Let log x = t \ dx = dt]
x
1
òt dt
=e = e log t = t = log x
2
\ y log x = ò log x dx + C [ \ solution is y (I. F.) = ò Q (I. F.) dx + C]
x2
Þ y log x = 2 ò log x . x -2 dx + c
I II
é é x -1 ù 1 é x -1 ù ù
Þ y log x = 2 ê log x ê ú-ò ê ú dxú + C
êë êë -1 úû x êë -1 úû úû
é log x ù
Þ y log x = 2 ê - + ò x -2 dxú + C
ë x û
é log x 1 ù
Þ y log x = 2 ê - - ú +C
ë x xû
2
Þ y log x = - (1 + log x + C), which is the required solution
x
Examination Papers – 2010 161
OR
dy dy
= y tan x Þ = tan x dx
dx y
By integrating both sides, we get
dy
ò y = ò tan x . dx
log y = log|sec x| + C ...(i)
By putting x = 0 and y = 1 (as given), we get
log 1 = log (sec 0) + C
C=0
\ (i) Þ log y = log|sec x|
Þ y = sec x
22. x 2 dy + y ( x + y) dx = 0
x 2 dy = - y ( x + y) dx
dy ( x + y)
=-y
dx x2
dy æ xy + y 2 ö
=-ç ÷ …(i)
dx ç x2 ÷
è ø
dy dv
Putting y = vx and =v+ x in equation (i)
dx dx
dv æ vx 2 + v 2 x 2 ö dv
v+x =-ç ÷ Þ v+x = - (v + v 2 )
dx ç x 2 ÷ dx
è ø
x dv
Þ = - 2v - v 2
dx
dv dx
Þ =- (by separating variable)
2 x
v + 2v
1 1
Þ ò v 2 + 2v dv = - ò x dx (Integrating both sides)
1 1
Þ ò v 2 + 2v + 1 - 1 dv = - ò x dx
1 1
Þ ò (v + 1) 2 - 1 2 dv = - ò
x
dx
1 v+1-1
Þ log = - log x + log C
2 v+1+1
1 v
Þ log = - log x + log C
2 v+2
162 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
v
Þ log + 2 log x = 2 log C
v+2
v
Þ log + log x 2 = log k , where k = C 2
v+2
vx 2 vx 2
Þ log = log k Þ =k
v+2 v+2
y 2
×x
Þ x =k éQ y = vù
y
+2 ëê x úû
x
Þ x 2 y = k ( y + 2x) …(ii)
It is given that y = 1 and x = 1, putting in (ii), we get
1
1 = 3k Þ k =
3
1
Putting k = in (ii), we get
3
1
x 2 y = æç ö÷ ( y + 2x)
è 3ø
Þ 3x 2 y = ( y + 2x)
SECTION–C
23. Total no. of rings & chain manufactured per day = 24.
Time taken in manufacturing ring = 1 hour
Time taken in manufacturing chain = 30 minutes
Y
One time available per day = 16
32
Maximum profit on ring = Rs 300
Maximum profit on chain = Rs 190 28
(0,
24
Chains manufactured per day = y
L.P.P. is 20
(8,16)
maximize Z = 300x + 190y x + 12 y=16
16
Subject to x ³ 0, y ³ 0
12 x+
x + y £ 24 y=
24
1
x + y £ 16 8
2
Possible points for maximum Z are 4
(16,0)
(16, 0), (8, 16) and (0, 24).
X
At (16, 0), Z = 4800 + 0 = 4800 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Examination Papers – 2010 163
25. The points A ( 4, 5, 10), B ( 2, 3, 4) and C (1, 2, - 1) are three vertices of parallelogram ABCD.
Let coordinates of D be ( x, y, z)
Direction vector along AB is
®
a = ( 2 - 4) i$ + ( 3 - 5) j$ + ( 4 - 10) k$ = - 2i$ - 2j$ - 6k$
\ Equation of line AB, is given by
®
b = ( 4i$ + 5j$ + 10k$) + l ( 2i$ + 2j$ + 6k$)
Direction vector along BC is
®
c = (1 - 2) i$ + ( 2 - 3) j$ + ( -1 - 4) k$ = - i$ - j$ - 5k$
\ Equation of a line BC, is given by .
®
d = ( 2i$ + 3j$ + 4k$) + m (i$ + j$ + 5k$)
Since ABCD is a parallelogram AC and BD bisect each other
é 4 + 1 5 + 2 10 - 1 ù é 2 + x 3 + y 4 + z ù
\ ê 2 , 2 , 2 ú=ê 2 , 2 , 2 ú
ë û ë û
Þ 2 + x = 5, 3 + y = 7, 4+z= 9
Þ x = 3, y = 4, z = 5
Co-ordinates of D are (3, 4, 5).
26. Given curve
x 2 = 4y …(i)
Line equation
Y
x = 4y - 2 …(ii)
Equation (i) represents a parabola with
vertex at the origin and axis along (+)ve 2
–
direction of y-axis. 4y
x=
2
x = 4y
Equation (ii) represents a straight line
which meets the coordinates axes at
1 (2,1)
(–2, 0) and æç 0, ö÷ respectively.
è 2ø y 2)
x,
P(
By solving two equations, we obtain Q(x, y1)
2
x=x -2 (-1, 1 )
4
Þ x 2 - x - 2 = 0 (by eliminating y)
Þ ( x - 2) ( x + 1) = 0
Þ x = - 1, 2 X' (2,6) X
(-2,0) (-1,0)
The point of intersection of given
1
parabola & line are (2, 1) and æç - 1, ö÷ .
è 4ø
Y'
Examination Papers – 2010 165
2
\ required area = ò ( y 2 - y 1 ) dx. ...(iii)
-1
Q P ( x, y 2 ) and Q ( x, y 1 ) lies on (ii) and (i) respectively
x+2 x2
\ y2 = and y 1 =
4 4
2æ
x + 2 x2 ö
\ (iii) Þ Area = ò çç - ÷ dx
4 4 ÷ø
-1è
2 2 2 2
x 1 1 é x2 1
2 x3 ù
= ò dx + ò dx - 4 ò x dx = ê + x - ú
4 2 êë 8 2 12 úû
-1 -1 -1 -1
4 2 8 1 1 1ù 9
=é + - ù-é - + = sq. units.
êë 8 2 12 úû êë 8 2 12 úû 8
OR
p x tan x
I=ò dx
0 sec x + tan x
sin x
x
p cos x p x sin x
I=ò dx = ò dx ...(i)
0 1 sin x 0 1 + sin x
+
cos x cos x
p ( p - x) sin ( p - x) éQ a a
I=ò dx ò0 f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dxù
0 1 + sin ( p - x) êë 0 úû
p ( p - x) sin x
I=ò dx ...(ii)
0 1 + sin x
p p sin x
\ 2I = ò dx [Using (i) and (ii)]
0 1 + sin x
p sin x (1 - sin x)
Þ 2I = p ò dx
0 (1 + sin x) (1 - sin x)
p sin x - sin 2 x p é sin x sin 2 x ù
=pò dx = p ò ê - ú dx
0
1 - sin 2 x 0 ê 2 2
ë cos x cos x úû
p p
=pò tan x sec x dx - p ò tan 2 x dx
0 0
p p
=pò tan x sec x dx - p ò (sec 2 x - 1) dx
0 0
p p p
=pò sec x tan x dx - p ò sec 2 x dx + p ò dx
0 0 0
p p
= p [ sec x]0 - p [ tan x]0 + p [x]p0 + C = p [-1 - 1] - 0 + p [p - 0] = p ( p - 2)
p
Þ I= ( p - 2)
2
166 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
27. Let r be the radius and h be the height of the cylinder of given surface s. Then,
s = pr 2 + 2phr
s - pr 2
h= …(i)
2 pr
é s - pr 2 ù
Then v = pr 2 h = pr 2 ê ú [From eqn. (i)]
êë 2pr úû
sr - pr 3
v=
2
2
dv s - 3pr
= …(ii)
dr 2
For maximum or minimum value, we have
dv
=0
dr
s - 3 pr 2
Þ =0 Þ s = 3 pr 2
2
Þ pr 2 + 2prh = 3pr 2
Þ r=h
Differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t. r, we get
d 2v
= - 3 pr < 0
dr 2
Hence, when r = h, i.e., when the height of the cylinder is equal to the radius of its base v is
maximum.
28. We have given
y = [x ( x - 2)] 2 …(i)
= x 2 ( x 2 - 4x + 4) = x 4 - 4x 3 + 4x 2
dy
= 4x 3 - 12x 2 + 8x
dx
For the increasing function,
dy
>0
dx
Þ 4x 3 - 12x 2 + 8x > 0 Þ 4x ( x 2 - 3x + 2) > 0
Þ 4x ( x - 1) ( x - 2) > 0
dy
For 0 < x < 1, = ( +) ( -) ( -) = ( +) ve
dx
dy
For x > 2, = ( +) ( +) ( +) = ( +) ve
dx
Examination Papers – 2010 167
(b + c) 2 ab ca
Let D= ab ( a + c) 2 bc
ac bc ( a + b) 2
(b + c) 2 a2 a2
1
= abc b2 ( c + a) 2 b2
abc 2
c c 2
( a + b) 2
[C 1 ® C 1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
(b + c) 2 - a 2 0 a2
= 0 ( c + a) 2 - b 2 b2
c 2 - ( a + b) 2 c 2 - ( a + b) 2 ( a + b) 2
(b + c + a) (b + c - a) 0 a2
= 0 ( c + a + b)(b + c - a) b2
( c + a + b)( c - a - b) ( c + a + b)( c - a - b) ( a + b) 2
b + c -a 0 a2
2
= ( a + b + c) 0 c + a -b b2
c - a-b c - a-b ( a + b) 2
168 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
b+c-a 0 a2
= ( a + b + c) 2 0 c + a-b b2 ( R 3 ® R 3 - ( R 1 + R 2 ))
-2b -2 a 2ab
ab + ac - a 2 0 a2
( a + b + c) 2
= 0 bc + ba - b 2 b2
ab
-2ab - 2ab 2ab
ab + ac a2 a2
( a + b + c) 2 2
= b bc + ba b2 [C 1 ® C 1 + C 3 , C 2 ® C 2 + C 3 ]
ab
0 0 2ab
b+c a a
( a + b + c) 2
= . ab . 2ab b c+a b
ab
0 0 1
b+c a
= 2ab ( a + b + c) 2
b c+a
= 2ab ( a + b + c) 2 {(b + c) ( c + a) - ab}
= 2abc ( a + b + c) 3 = RHS
Set–II
æ 3ö
3. Let x = cos -1 ç - ÷
è 2 ø
3
Þ cos x = -
2
p 5p
Þ cos x = cos é p - ù = cos [as cos p / 6 = 3 / 2]
êë 6ûú 6
5p
Þ x=
6
æ 3 ö 5p
The principal value of cos -1 ç - ÷ is .
è 2 ø 6
7. We have given
2 -3 5
6 0 4
1 5 -7
Minor of an element
2 -3
a 23 = M 23 = = 10 + 3 = 13
1 5
Examination Papers – 2010 169
LHL ¹ RHL
At x = 3, function is not continuous.
OR
Given, y = (cos x) x + (sin x) 1/ x
= e x log (cos x ) + e 1/ x log (sin x )
By differentiating w.r.t. x
dy ì x ü
= e x log (cos x ) í log ( cos x) + - (sin x)ý
dx î cos x þ
1
é
log (sin x ) 1 cos x ù
+ x
e ê - log (sin x) 2 + ú
ë x x sin x û
ì 1 cot x ü
= (cos x) x {log (cos x) - x tan x} + (sin x) 1/ x í - log sin x + ý
2 x þ
î x
14. For commutativity, condition that should be fulfilled is
a *b = b * a
3ab 3ba
Consider a * b = = =b *a
5 5
\ a *b = b * a
Hence, * is commutative.
For associativity, condition is ( a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
æ 3ab ö 9abc 3 æ 3 ö 3
Consider ( a * b) * c = ç ÷ *c= = a ç bc ÷ = a(b * c) = a * (b * c)
è 5 ø 25 5 è5 ø 5
Hence, ( a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
\ * is associative.
Let e Î Q be the identity element,
Then a*e = e *a= a
3ae 3ea 5
Þ = =a Þ e= ×
5 5 3
170 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
p x
18. I = ò dx …(i)
0 1 + sin x
p p-x é a a ù
I=ò dx êQ ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dxú
0 1 + sin ( p - x) êë 0 úû
0
p p-x
=ò dx …(ii)
0 1 + sin x
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
p p
2I = ò dx
0 1 + sin x
p 1 - sin x p 1 - sin x
=pò dx = p ò dx
0 (1 + sin x) (1 - sin x) 0
cos 2 x
p
= p ò (sec 2 x - sec x tan x) dx
0
p
= p [ tan x - sec x]0 = p[( 0 + 1) - ( 0 - 1)] = 2p
Þ 2I = 2p or I = p
20. Given equation of curve
y = x 3 + 2x + 6 ...(i)
Equation of line
x + 14y + 4 = 0 ...(ii)
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy dx 1
= 3x 2 + 2 Þ =
dx 2
dy 3x + 2
-1
\ Slope of normal = .
3x 2 + 2
and it is parallel to equation of line.
-1 -1
\ =
2
3x + 2 14
Þ 3x 2 + 2 = 14 Þ 3x 2 = 12
x2 = 4 Þ x=±2
From equation of curve,
if x = 2, y = 18 ; if x = - 2, y = - 6
\ Equation of normal at (2, 18) is
1
y - 18 = - ( x - 2) or x + 14y - 254 = 0
14
and for (–2, –6) it is
1
y+6=- ( x + 2) or x + 14y + 86 = 0
14
Examination Papers – 2010 171
3 2
23. ò1 ( 3x + 2x) dx
+ [ 3 (n - 1) 2 h 2 + 8 (n - 1) h + 5]]
= lim h [ 3h 2 {1 + 4 + K + (n - 1) 2 } + 8h {1 + 2 + K + (n - 1)} + 5n]
h®0
é (n - 1) ( 2n - 1) n 8h (n - 1) n ù
= lim h ê 3h 2 × + + 5nú
h®0 ë 6 2 û
(n - 1 ) ( 2n - 1) n (n - 1) n
[Q{1 + 4 + .... + (n - 1) 2 = and {1 + 2 + K + (n - 1) = ]
6 2
é (nh - h) (nh) ( 2nh - h) ù
= lim ê + 4 (nh - h) (nh) + 5nhú
h®0ë 2 û
é ( 2 - h) ( 2) ( 4 - h) ù
= lim ê + 4 ( 2 - h) ( 2) + 10ú
h®0ë 2 û
é 2 ´ 2 ´ 4 ù
=ê + 4 ´ 2 ´ 2 + 10ú [by applying limit] = 34
ë 2 û
OR
We have given
ìï x2 y2 x y üï
í( x, y) ; + £1£ + ý
ïî 9 4 3 2 ïþ
172 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Y
There are two equations
(i) y 1 = equation of ellipse x
3+ y
2 2 2 =
x y 1
i.e., + =1
9 4 (0,2)
2
Þ y1 = 9 - x2
3
and y 2 = equation of straight line
(–3,0) (3,0)
x y
i.e., + =1 X' X
3 2
2
Þ y 2 = ( 3 - x)
3 2
2
y =1
x + 4
\ We have required area (0,–2) 9
3
= ò ( y 1 - y 2 ) dx
0
3 2 2
= ò ìí 9 - x 2 - ( 3 - x)üý dx Y'
0 î3 3 þ
2 3ì 2 ü
= ò í 9 - x - ( 3 - x)ý dx
3 0 î þ
3
2 éx 9 x x2 ù
= ê 9 - x2 + sin -1 - 3x + ú
3 êë 2 2 3 2 úû
0
2 éæ 3 9 -1 9ö ù
= êë çè 2 0 + 2 sin (1) - 9 + 2 ÷ø - ( 0 + 0 - 0 + 0) úû
3
=
2 é 9 × p - 9 ù = 3 ( p - 2) sq. units.
3 êë 2 2 2 úû 2
29. Let
x-1 y-2 z+4
Line 1 : = =m = …(i)
2 3 6
From above, a point ( x, y, z) on line 1 will be ( 2m + 1, 3m + 2, 6m - 4)
x- 3 y- 3 z+5
Line 2 : = = =l …(ii)
4 6 12
From above, a point ( x, y, z) on line 2 will be ( 4l + 3, 6l + 3, 12l - 5)
Position vector from equation (i), we get
®
r = ( 2m + 1) i$ + ( 3m + 2) j$ + ( 6m - 4) k$
= (i$ + 2j$ - 4k$) + m ( 2i$ + 3j$ + 6k$)
® ®
a 1 = i$ + 2j$ - 4k$ , b 1 = 2i$ + 3j$ + 6k$
Position vector from equation (ii), we get
®
r = ( 4l + 3) i$ + ( 6l + 3) j$ + (12l - 5) k$ = ( 3i$ + 3j$ - 5k$) + l ( 4i$ + 6j$ + 12k$)
Examination Papers – 2010 173
® ®
a 2 = 3i$ + 3j$ - 5k$, b 2 = 4i$ + 6j$ + 12k$
® ®
From b 1 and b 2 we get b 2 = 2 b 1
® ® ®
|( a 2 - a 1 ) ´ b |
Shortest distance =
®
|b|
® ®
( a 2 - a 1 ) = ( 3i$ + 3j$ - 5k$) - (i$ + 2j$ - 4k$) = 2i$ + j$ - k$
i$ j$ k$
® ® ®
( a2 - a1 ) ´b = 2 1 -1 = 9i$ - 14j$ + 4k$
2 3 6
® ® ®
|( a 2 - a 1 ) ´ b | = ( 9) 2 + ( -14) 2 + ( 4) 2 = 81 + 196 + 16 = 293
®
| b | = ( 2) 2 + ( 3) 2 + ( 6) 2 = 4 + 9 + 36 = 7
293
Shortest distance = units
7
Set–III
1. We have given
1 1
sin -1 æç - ö÷ + cos -1 æç - ö÷
è 2ø è 2ø
p
But, as we know sin -1 x + cos -1 x = ×
2
p
\ principal value is ×
2
9. Given | 3A| = K| A|, where A is a square matrix of order 3. …(i)
3
We know that | 3A| = ( 3) | A| = 27| A| …(ii)
By comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
K = 27
11. Let A, E1 , E2 be the events defined as follow:
A : Ball drawn is white
E1 : Bag I is chosen, E2 : Bag II is chosen
Then we have to find P(E1 / A)
Using Baye’s Theorem
1 4 4
P(E1 ) P( A / E1 ) ´
2 5 7 40
P(E1 / A) = = = =
P(E1 ) P( A / E1 ) + P(E2 ) P( A / E2 ) 1 ´ 4 + 1 ´ 3 40 + 21 61
2 7 2 10 70
174 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
x 2 - 5x + 6 - 2x 2 + 19x - 35 - x 2 + 14x - 29
= =
( x 2 - 5x + 6) 2 ( x 2 + 6 - 5x) 2
dy ù -49 + 98 - 29 20 1
ú = = =
dx û ( 7 , 0 ) ( 49 - 35 + 6) 2 400 20
\ Equation of tangent is
1
y - y1 = (x - x2 )
20
1
Þ y-0= ( x - 7) or x - 20y - 7 = 0
20
23. f ( x) = sin x - cos x, 0 £ x £ 2p
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
p
f ¢( x) = cos x + sin x = 2 sin æç + xö÷
è4 ø
dy
For critical points, =0
dx
Þ cos x + sin x = 0
Þ sin x = - cos x Þ tan x = - 1
p
Þ tan x = tan æç - ö÷
è 4ø
p p 3p 7 p 11p
Þ x = np - = - , , , +K
4 4 4 4 4
3p
(i) For 0 < x < ,
4
p p
<x+ <p i.e., It lies in quadrant I, II.
4 4
p
Þ 2 sin æç + xö÷ > 0, Hence, function is increasing.
è2 ø
3p 7p
(ii) For <x<
4 4
p
p < x + < 2p i.e., It lies in quadrant III, IV.
4
p
Þ 2 sin æç + xö÷ < 0, Hence, function is decreasing.
è4 ø
7p
(iii) For < x < 2p
4
p 9p
2p < x + < i.e., It lies in quadrant I.
4 4
p
Þ 2 sin æç + xö÷ > 0, Hence, function is increasing.
è4 ø
Examination Papers – 2010 177
Now, f (1) = 1 - 1 = 0
f (1 + h) = (1 + h) 2 - (1 + h) = h 2 + h
f (1 + 2h) = (1 + 2h) 2 - (1 + 2h) = 4h 2 + 2h
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
f [1 + (n - 1) h] = {1 + (n - 1) h} 2 - {1 + (n - 1) h}
= (n - 1) 2 h 2 + (n - 1) h
2 2
\ ò1 ( x - x) dx = lim h [0 + h 2 + h + 4h 2 + 2h + ...: (n - 1) 2 h 2 + (n - 1) h]
h®0
= lim h [h 2 {1 + 4 + .. + (n - 1) 2 } + h {1 + 2 + K + (n - 1)}]
h®0
é (n) (n - 1) ( 2n - 1) n (n - 1) ù
= lim h ê h 2 × +h
h®0 ë 6 2 úû
n (n - 1) ( 2n - 1) n (n - 1) ù
[Q 1 + 4 + K + (n - 1) 2 = 1 + 2 + K + (n - 1) = ú
6 2 û
é nh (n h - h) ( 2nh - h) nh (nh - h) ù
= lim ê + ú
h®0 ë 6 2 û
é ( 3 - h) ( 3) ( 6 - h) ( 3 - h) ( 3) ù
= lim ê + ú
h®0ë 6 2 û
æ 3 ´ 3 ´ 6 ö æ 3 ´ 3 ö 9 27
=ç ÷+ç ÷=9+ =
è 6 ø è 2 ø 2 2
178 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
We have provided
( x, y) :| x - 1| £ y £ 5 - x 2
2
x - 1 = 5 - x2
x
5-
y=
Þ x 2 + 1 - 2x = 5 - x 2 1
Þ 2x 2 - 2x - 4 = 0 (–1,0)
X' X
Þ x2 - x - 2 = 0 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
Þ ( x - 2) ( x + 1) = 0
Y'
Þ x = 2, - 1
The required area is
2 1 2
=ò 5 - x 2 dx - ò ( - x + 1) dx - ò ( x - 1) dx
-1 -1 1
2 1 2
éx 5 x ù é x2 ù é x2 ù
=ê 5 - x 2 + sin -1 ú - ê - + x ú - ê - xú
ë2 2 5 û -1 êë 2 úû -1 êë 2 úû 1
æ 5 2 ö 5 æ 1 ö æ -1 1 1
= ç1 + sin -1 ÷ + 1 - sin
-1
ç- ÷-ç + 1 + + 1ö÷ - æç 2 - 2 - + 1ö÷
è 2 5ø 2 è 5ø è 2 2 ø è 2 ø
5æ -1 2 1 ö 1
= ç sin + sin -1 ÷+2-2-
2 è 5 5 ø 2
5 é 2 1 1 4ù 1
= sin -1 ê 1- + 1- ú-
2 ë 5 5 5 5û 2
5é 4 1 ù 1
= ê sin -1 æç + ö÷ ú -
2ë è 5 5 øû 2
5 1
= sin -1 (1) -
2 2
5 p 1
= æç - ö÷ sq. units
è 4 2ø
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2010
MATHEMATICS CBSE (All India)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. If f : R ® R be defined by f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3 , then find fof ( x).
2. Write the principal value of sec -1 ( -2).
3. What positive value of x makes the following pair of determinants equal?
2x 3 16 3
,
5 x 5 2
2
4. Evaluate : ò sec (7 - 4x) dx
5. Write the adjoint of the following matrix :
æ 2 -1 ö
ç ÷
è4 3ø
6. Write the value of the following integral :
p/2
ò-p / 2 sin 5 x dx
7. A is a square matrix of order 3 and| A| = 7. Write the value of| adj. A|.
8. Write the distance of the following plane from the origin :
2x - y + 2z + 1 = 0
9. Write a vector of magnitude 9 units in the direction of vector -2i$ + j$ + 2k$.
®
10. Find l if ( 2i$ + 6j$ + 14k$) ´ (i$ - lj$ + 7 k$) = 0 .
SECTION–B
Question number 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. A family has 2 children. Find the probability that both are boys, if it is known that
(i) at least one of the children is a boy
(ii) the elder child is a boy.
180 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
-1 x
21. If y = e a sin , -1 £ x £ 1, then show that
d2y dy
(1 - x 2 ) -x - a2 y = 0
2 dx
dx
æ 3x + 4 1 - x 2 ö
22. If y = cos -1 ç ÷ , find dy ×
ç 5 ÷ dx
è ø
SECTION–C
Question number 2 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
x x2 1 + px 3
2
y y 1 + py 3 = (1 + pxyz) ( x - y) ( y - z) (z - x)
z z2 1 + pz 3
OR
Find the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations :
æ 1 2 -2 ö
ç ÷
A = ç -1 3 0÷
ç 0 -2 1÷ø
è
24. A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random, and are found to be white. What is
the probability that all balls are white?
25. One kind of cake requires 300 g of flour and 15 g of fat, another kind of cake requires 150 g of
flour and 30 g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 7 × 5 kg of
flour and 600 g of fat, assuming that there is no shortage of the other ingredients used in
making the cakes. Make it as an L.P.P. and solve it graphically.
26. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the
point P ( 3, 2, 1) from the plane 2x - y + z + 1 = 0. Find also, the image of the point in the plane.
27. Find the area of the circle 4x 2 + 4y 2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x 2 = 4y.
OR
Using integration, find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are
A ( 4, 1), B ( 6, 6) and C ( 8, 4).
182 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
28. If the length of three sides of a trapezium other than the base is 10 cm each, find the area of
the trapezium, when it is maximum.
29. Find the intervals in which the following function is :
(a) strictly increasing
(b) strictly decreasing
Set-II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
6. Write the principal value of cot -1 ( - 3 ).
® ® ® ® ® ® ®
10. If a and b are two vectors such that| a . b | =| a ´ b |, then what is the angle between a and
®
b?
11. Prove the following :
1 1 1 1 p
tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ =
è 3ø è5 ø è7 ø è 8ø 4
OR
Solve for x :
æx - 1ö æx + 1ö p
tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷=
è x - 2ø è x + 2ø 4
æ2 0 1ö
ç ÷
14. If A = ç 2 1 3÷ , then find the value of A 2 - 3A + 2I .
ç1 -1 0÷ø
è
18. Evaluate:
5x + 3
ò 2
dx
x + 4x + 10
20. Show that the following differential equation is homogeneous, and then solve it :
æ yö
y dx + x log ç ÷ dy - 2x dy = 0
è xø
23. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve
p
x = 1 - cos q, y = q - sin q ; at q = ×
4
24. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point P (1, 1, 1) and containing the line
®
r = ( -3i$ + j$ + 5k$) + l ( 3i$ - j$ - 5k$). Also, show that the plane contains the line
®
r = ( -i$ + 2j$ + 5k$) + m (i$ - 2j$ - 5k$)
Examination Papers – 2010 183
Set-III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given
4p
6. Find the value of sin -1 æç ö÷ .
è 5 ø
® ® ® ® 2 ® ®
7. Vectors a and b are such that| a | = 3 ,| b | = and ( a ´ b ) is a unit vector. Write the angle
3
® ®
between a and b .
11. Show that the relation S defined on the set N ´ N by
( a, b) S ( c , d) Þ a + d = b + c
15. For the following matricesA and B, verify that ( AB) ¢ = B ¢ A ¢.
æ 1ö
ç ÷
A = ç -4÷ , B = ( -1, 2, 1)
ç 3÷
è ø
17. Solve the following differential equation :
dy
( x 2 + 1) + 2xy = x 2 + 4
dx
OR
Solve the following differential equation :
dy
( x 3 + x 2 + x + 1) = 2x 2 + x
dx
20. If y = cosec -1 x, x > 1. then show that
d2y dy
x ( x 2 - 1) + ( 2x 2 - 1) =0
2 dx
dx
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations :
x + 2y - 3z = - 4
2x + 3y + 2z = 2
3x - 3y - 4z = 11
OR
If a, b , c are positive and unequal, show that the following determinant is negative :
a b c
D= b c a
c a b
25. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder that can be inscribed in a cone of height ‘h’ and
4
semi-vertical angle ‘a’ is ph 3 tan 2 a .
27
184 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SOLUTIONS
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. If f : R ® R be defined by
f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3
then ( fof ) x = f ( f ( x))
= f [( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3 ]
= [ 3 - {( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3 } 3 ] 1/ 3 = [ 3 - ( 3 - x 3 )] 1/ 3 = ( x 3 ) 1/ 3 = x
2. Let x = sec -1 ( -2)
Þ sec x = - 2
p p 2p
Þ sec x = - sec = sec æç p - ö÷ = sec
3 è 3ø 3
2p
Þ x= ×
3
3. We have given
2x 3 16 3
=
5 x 5 2
Þ 2x 2 - 15 = 32 - 15 (solving the determinant)
Þ 2x 2 = 32 Þ x 2 = 16 Þ x = ± 4
But we need only positive value
\ x=4
4. Let I = ò sec 2 (7 - 4x) dx
Let 7 - 4x = m , -4dx = dm
-1
sec 2 m dm
4 ò
Þ I=
1 1
= - tan m + c = - tan (7 - 4x) + c
4 4
5. We have given matrix :
é 2 -1 ù
ê4 3 ú
ë û
C 11 = 3 C 12 = - 4
C 21 = 1 C 22 = 2
é3 1ù
\ Adj. A = ê
ë -4 2úû
Examination Papers – 2010 185
p/2
6. ò- p / 2 sin 5 x dx
Let f ( x) = sin 5 x
f ( - x) = [sin ( - x)]5
= ( - sin x) 5 = - sin 5 x
= - f ( x)
Thus, f ( x) is an odd function.
p/2
\ ò- p / 2 sin 5 x dx = 0
Also, -2 l - 6 = 0 Þ l=-3
\ l=-3
SECTION–B
11. A family has 2 children, then
Sample space = S = {BB, BG , GB, GG}
where B = Boy, G = Girl
(i) Let us define the following events:
A : at least one of the children is boy : {BB, BG , GB }
B : both are boys: { BB }
\ A Ç B : {BB}
P ( A Ç B) 1 / 4 1
Þ P( B/ A) = = =
P ( A) 3 /4 3
(ii) Let A : elder boy child : { BB, BG}
B : both are boys: {BB }
\ A Ç B : { BB}
P ( A Ç B) 1 / 4 1
Þ P( B/ A) = = =
P ( A) 2 /4 2
12. We have given,
A = {x Î Z : 0 £ x £ 12} and
S = {( a, b) : a, b Î A ,| a - b|is divisible by 4}
(i) for ( a, a) Î S, | a - a|= 0 is divisible by 4.
\ It is reflexive.
(ii) Let ( a, b) Î S
Then | a - b|is divisible by 4
Þ | - (b - a)|is divisible by 4 Þ|b - a|is divisible by 4
\ ( a, b) Î S Þ (b , a) Î S
\ It is symmetric.
(iii) Let ( a, b) Î S and (b , c) Î S
Þ | a - b|is divisible by 4 and |b - c|is divisible by 4
Þ ( a - b) is divisible by 4 and (b - c) is divisible by 4
Þ | a - c| =|( a - b) + (b - c)|is divisible by 4
\ ( a, c) Î S
\ It is transitive.
From above we can say that the relation S is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
\ Relation S is an equivalence relation.
The set of elements related to 1 are {9, 5, 1}.
Examination Papers – 2010 187
æ 2x ö æ 3x - x 3 ö
13. We have to prove: tan -1 x + tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
ç1 - x 2 ÷ ç 1 - 3x 2 ÷
è ø è ø
æ 2x ö
LHS = tan -1 x + tan -1 ç ÷
ç1 - x 2 ÷
è ø
é ù
ê x + 2x ú
ê 1 - x2 ú é a+b ù
= tan -1 ê ú [As we know tan -1 a + tan -1 b = tan -1 ê ú]
ê æ 2x ö ú ë 1 - ab û
ç
ê1 - x ç ÷
2 ÷ú
êë è 1 - x ø úû
é x - x 3 + 2x ù é 3x - x 3 ù
= tan -1 ê ú = tan -1 ê ú = RHS
2 2
êë 1 - x - 2x úû êë 1 - 3x 2 úû
OR
1 + x2
cos [tan -1 {sin (cot -1 x)}] =
2 + x2
LHS = cos [tan -1 {sin (cot -1 x)}]
Let x = cot q
LHS = cos [tan -1 (sin q)]
é æ öù é æ öù
ç 1 ÷ ú = cos ê tan -1 ç 1 ÷ú
= cos ê tan -1 ç …(i)
ê 2 ÷ú ê ç 2 ÷ú
êë è 1 + cot q ø úû êë è 1+x ø úû
æ ö
1 1
Let q 1 = tan -1 çç ÷
÷ Þ tan q 1 =
2
è 1+x ø 1 + x2
1 + x2 1 + x2
cos q 1 = Þ q 1 = cos -1
2 + x2 2 + x2
Now, put q 1 in equation (i), we get
é 1 + x2 ù 1 + x2
cos ê cos -1 ú=
ê
ë 2 + x 2 úû 2 + x2
14. Consider
é 3 -2 -4 ù
A=ê 3 -2 -5 ú
ê ú
êë -1 1 2úû
188 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1 1
We can write A= ( A + A ¢) + ( A - A ¢) …(i)
2 2
1
where, ( A + A ¢) is a symmetric matrix
2
1
and ( A - A ¢) is a skew symmetric matrix.
2
é 3 3 -1 ù
Now, ê
A¢ = -2 -2 1ú
ê ú
êë -4 -5 2úû
é æ 3 -2 -4 ö æ 3 3 -1 ö ù
1 1 êç ÷ ç ÷ú
( A + A ¢) = ê ç 3 -2 -5÷ + ç -2 -2 1÷ ú
2 2 ç ÷ ç
êë è 1 1 2 ø è -4 -5 2÷ø úû
é 6 1 -5 ù é 3 1/ 2 -5 / 2ù
1ê ú ê
= 1 -4 -4 = ê 1 / 2 -2 -2ú …(ii)
2ê ú ú
êë -5 -4 4úû êë -5 / 2 -2 2úû
é é 3 -2 -4 ù é 3 3 -1 ù ù
1 1 êê ú
( A - A ¢) = ê 3 -2 -5 ú - ê -2 -2 1ú ú
2 2 ê ú ê ú
êë êë -1 1 2úû êë -4 -5 2úû úû
é0 -5 -3 ù
1ê
= 5 0 -6 ú
2ê ú
êë 3 6 0úû
é 0 -5 / 2 -3 / 2 ù
ê
= 5/2 0 -3 ú …(iii)
ê ú
êë 3 / 2 3 0úû
Putting value of equations (ii) and (iii) in equation (i),
é 3 1/2 -5 / 2 ù é 0 -5 / 2 -3 / 2 ù
ê
A= 1/2 -2 ú ê
-2 + 5 / 2 0 -3 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -5 / 2 -2 2úû êë 3 / 2 3 0úû
é 3 -2 -4 ù
= 3ê -2 -5 ú
ê ú
êë -1 1 2úû
Hence Proved.
® ® ®
15. Given, a = i$ + j$ + k$, b = 4i$ - 2j$ + 3k$, c = i$ - 2j$ + k$
Consider,
® ® ® ®
r =2 a - b +3 c
= 2i$ + 2j$ + 2k$ - 4i$ + 2j$ - 3k$ + 3i$ - 6j$ + 3k$ = i$ - 2j$ + 2k$
Examination Papers – 2010 189
®
Since the required vector has magnitude 6 units and parallel to r .
\ Required vector = 6$r
é ù
i$ - 2j$ + 2k$ é$ $ $ù
ú = 6 ê i - 2j + 2k ú = 2i$ - 4j$ + 4k$
=6ê
ê 2 2 2 ú êë 1 + 4 + 4 úû
ë (1) + ( -2) + ( 2) û
OR
Given,
® ® ®
a = i$ + 4j$ + 2k$, b = 3i$ - 2j$ + 7 k$, c = 2i$ - j$ + 4k$
® ® ® ® ® ®
Vector d is perpendicular to both a and b i.e., d is parallel to vector a ´ b .
i$ j$ k$
®
\ d = 1 4 2
3 -2 7
4 2 1 2 1 4
= i$ - j$ + k$ = 32i$ - j$ - 14k$
-2 7 3 7 3 -2
®
Now let d = m ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$)
® ®
Also, c . d = 18
Þ ( 2i$ - j$ + 4k$) . m ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$) = 18
Þ m ( 64 + 1 - 56) = 18 Þ 9m = 18 or m=2
®
\ d = 2 ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$) = 64i$ - 2j$ - 28k$
16. Given cartesian form of line as:
x+ 2 y+1 z- 3
= = =m
3 2 2
\ General point on line is ( 3m - 2, 2m - 1, 2m + 3)
Since distance of points on line from P (1, 3, 3) is 5 units.
\ ( 3m - 2 - 1) 2 + ( 2m - 1 - 3) 2 + ( 2m + 3 - 3) 2 = 5
Þ ( 3m - 3) 2 + ( 2m - 4) 2 + ( 2m) 2 = 25
Þ 17m 2 - 34m = 0 Þ 17m (m - 2) = 0 Þ m = 0, 2
\ Required point on line is (–2, –1, 3) for m = 0, or (4, 3, 7) for m = 2.
OR
Plane determined by the points A ( 3, - 1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and C ( -1, - 1, 6) is
x- 3 y+1 z-2 x- 3 y+1 z-2
5- 3 2+1 4-2 =0 Þ 2 3 2 =0
-1 - 3 -1 + 1 6-2 -4 0 4
190 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
3 2 2 2 2 3
Þ ( x - 3) - ( y + 1) + (z - 2) =0
0 4 -4 4 -4 0
Þ 12x - 36 - 16y - 16 + 12z - 24 = 0
Þ 3x - 4y + 3z - 19 = 0
Distance of this plane from point P ( 6, 5, 9) is
( 3 ´ 6) - ( 4 ´ 5) + ( 3 ´ 9) - 19 18 - 20 + 27 - 19 6
= = units
2
( 3) + ( 4) + ( 3) 2 2 9 + 16 + 9 34
dy 1
17. Given, ( x 2 - 1) + 2xy = ;| x| ¹ 1
dx 2
x -1
By simplifying the equation, we get
dy 2x 1
+ y=
dx x 2 - 1 ( x - 1) 2
2
dy
This is a linear differential equation of the form + Py = Q
dx
2x 1
Here P = ,Q =
2
x -1 ( x - 1) 2
2
2x
ò dx
x2 - 1 2 - 1|
I.F. = e = e log | x = x2 - 1
1 1
\ Solution is ( x 2 - 1) y = ò ( x 2 - 1) ; dx = ò dx
2 2 2
( x - 1) x -1
1 x-1
Þ ( x 2 - 1) y = log +C
2 x+1
OR
dy
Given, 1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy =0
dx
By simplifying the equation, we get
dy
xy = - 1 + x2 + y2 + x2y2
dx
dy
Þ xy = - (1 + x 2 ) (1 + y 2 ) = - (1 + x 2 ) (1 + y 2 )
dx
y 1 + x2
Þ dy = - dx
1 + y2 x
1 1 + x2 - 1
1 + y2 + 1 + x2 + log +C = 0
2 1 + x2 + 1
dy
18. Given, ( x - y)
= x + 2y
dx
By simplifying the above equation we get
dy x + 2y
= …(i)
dx x - y
x + 2y
Let F ( x, y) =
x-y
Ax + 2Ay A ( x + 2y)
then F ( Ax, Ay) = = = F ( x, y)
Ax - Ay A ( x - y)
\ F( x, y) and hence the equation is homogeneous
Now let y = vx
dy dv
Þ =v+ x
dx dx
Substituting these values in equation (i), we get
dv x + 2vx
v+x =
dx x - vx
dv 1 + 2v 1 + 2v - v + v 2 1 + v + v 2
Þ x = -v= =
dx 1 - v 1-v 1-v
1-v dx
Þ dv =
2 x
1+v+v
By integrating both sides, we get
1-v dx
ò v 2 + v + 1 dv = ò x …(ii)
192 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1-v
LHS ò v 2 + v + 1 dv
Let 1 - v = A ( 2v + 1) + B
= 2Av + ( A + B)
Comparing both sides, we get
2A = - 1, A + B = 1
1 3
or A=- , B=
2 2
1 3
- ( 2v + 1) +
1-v 2 2
\ ò v 2 + v + 1 dv = ò v 2 + v + 1 dv
1 2v + 1 3 dv
=- ò dv + ò
2
2 v +v+1 2
2 v +v+1
1 ( 2v + 1) 3 dv
=- ò dv + ò
2
2 v +v+1 2 æ 1ö2 3
çv + ÷ +
è 2ø 4
æ v+1 ö
1 3 2 ç ÷
= - log|v 2 + v + 1| + ´ tan -1 ç 2 ÷
2 2 3 ç 3 / 2÷
è ø
Now substituting it in equation (ii), we get
1 æ 2v + 1 ö
- log|v 2 + v + 1| + 3 tan -1 ç ÷ = log x + C
2 è 3 ø
æ 2y ö
ç + 1÷
1 y2 y -1 x
Þ - log + +1 + 3 tan ç ÷ = log x + C
2 x2 x ç 3 ÷
è ø
1 1 æ 2y + x ö
Þ - log|x 2 + xy + y 2|+ log x 2 + 3 tan -1 ç ÷ = log x + C
2 2 è 3x ø
1 æ 2y + x ö
Þ - log| x 2 + xy + y 2 | + 3 tan -1 ç ÷ =C
2 è 3x ø
( x + 2) dx
19. Given, ò ( x - 2)( x - 3)
dx
( x + 2) dx
=ò dx
x 2 - 5x + 6
1 2x + 4
=
2 ò dx
x 2 - 5x + 6
Examination Papers – 2010 193
1 ( 2x - 5) + 9
=
2 ò dx
x 2 - 5x + 6
1 2x - 5 9 dx
=
2 ò dx +
2 ò
x 2 - 5x + 6 x 2 - 5x + 6
I1 I2
For I1
Let x 2 - 5x + 6 = m
1 1
Þ ( 2x - 5) dx = dm =
2 ò m
dm
1
\ I1 = ´ 2 m = m = x 2 - 5x + 6 …(i)
2
9 1 9 dx
I2 = ò dx = ò
2 x 2 - 5x + 6 2 2
æ x - 5 ö - 25 + 6
ç ÷
è 2ø 4
9 dx
= ò
2 2 2
æx - 5 ö - æ 1 ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
9 5ö
= log æç x - 2
÷ + x - 5x + 6 …(ii)
2 è 2 ø
( x + 2) 9 5ö
Thus, ò dx = I 1 + I 2 = x 2 - 5x + 6 + log æç x - 2
÷ + x - 5x + 6 + C
( x - 2) ( x - 3) 2 è 2ø
2 5x 2
20. Given, ò dx
1
x 2 + 4x + 3
2 ( x 2 + 4x + 3) - ( 4x + 3) 2 2 4x + 3
=5ò dx = 5 ò dx - 5ò dx
1 2 1 1 2
x + 4x + 3 x + 4x + 3
2 4x + 8 - 5 é 2 2 ( 2x + 4) 2 dx ù
= 5[x]21 - 5 ò dx = 5 - 5 ê ò dx - 5 ò ú
1 2
x + 4x + 3 êë 1 x 2 + 4x + 3 1 2
x + 4x + 3 úû
2 2x + 4 2 dx
= 5 - 10 ò dx + 25 ò
2
1
x + 4x + 3 1
( x + 2) 2 - 1
2
é 25 x+1 ù
= 5 - ê10 log| x 2 + 4x + 3| - log ú
êë 2 x + 3 úû
1
25 3 25 1ù 8 25 6
= 5 - é10 log 15 - log - 10 log 8 + log = 5 + 10 log + log
êë 2 5 2 ú
2û 15 2 5
194 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–C
x x2 1 + px 3
23. y y2 1 + py 3 = (1 + pxyz) ( x - y) ( y - z) (z - x)
z z2 1 + pz 3
x x2 1 + px 3
LHS = y y2 1 + py 3
z z2 1 + pz 3
x x2 1 1 x x2
= y y2 1 + pxyz 1 y y 2
z z2 1 1 z z2
x x2 1 x x2 1
= y y2 2
1 + ( -1) pxyz y y2 1
z z2 1 z z2 1
By applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 , R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 , we get
x - y ( x - y) ( x + y) 0
= (1 + pxyz) y - z ( y - z) ( y + z) 0
z z2 1
1 x+y 0
= (1 + pxyz) ( x - y) ( y - z) 1 y+z 0
2
z z 1
By expanding the determinant, we get
Þ (1 + pxyz) ( x - y) ( y - z) [y + z - x - y]
Þ (1 + pxyz) ( x - y) ( y - z) (z - x)
196 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
é 1 2 -2 ù
A = ê -1 3 0ú
ê ú
êë 0 -2 1úû
Let A = IA
é 1 2 -2 ù é 1 0 0ù
Þ ê -1 3 0ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -2 1úû êë 0 0 1úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 + R 1
é1 2 -2 ù é 1 0 0ù
ê0 5 -2 ú = ê 1 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -2 1úû êë 0 0 1úû
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 3 , R 2 ® R 2 + 2R 3
é1 0 -1 ù é 1 0 1ù
ê0 1 ú
0 = 1 ê 1 2ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -2 1úû êë 0 0 1úû
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + 2R 2
é 1 0 -1 ù é 1 0 1 ù
ê 0 1 0 ú = ê1 1 2ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 2 2 5 úû
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 3
é1 0 0ù é 3 2 6ù
ê0 1 0ú = ê 1 1 2ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1úû êë 2 2 5úû
é3 2 6ù
-1 ê
\ A = 1 1 2ú
ê ú
êë 2 2 5úû
OR
Given triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are A ( 4, 1), B ( 6, 6) and C ( 8, 4).
Equation of AB is given by Y
6-1 5 7 –
y-6= ( x - 6) or y = x - 9
6-4 2 B (6,6)
6 –
Equation of BC is given by 5 –
4-6 4 – C (8,4)
y-4= ( x - 8) or y = - x + 12 3 –
8-6
2 –
Equation of AC is given by 1 – A (4,1)
4-1 3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
y-4= ( x - 8) or y = x - 2 X' 0 X
8-4 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Y'
\ Area of DABC
6 8
= ò4 ( y AB - y AC ) dx + ò ( y BC - y AC ) dx
6
6 5 3 8 3
= ò æç x - 9 - x + 2ö÷ dx + ò æç - x + 12 - x + 2ö÷ dx
4 è2 4 ø 6 è 4 ø
6 æ7 8 7x
= ò ç x - 7 ö÷ dx + ò æç - + 14ö÷ dx
4 è4 ø 6 è 4 ø
6 8
é7 x 2 ù é 7x2 ù é 63 ù é -63 ù
=ê - 7 xú + ê - + 14xú = ê æç - 42ö÷ - (14 - 28) ú + ê( -56 + 112) - æç + 84ö÷ ú
êë 8 úû 4 êë 8 úû 6 ë è 2 ø û ë è 2 ø û
63 63
= é - 42 - 14 + 28 - 56 + 112 + - 84ù = 63 - 56 = 7 sq. units.
êë 2 2 úû
28. Given, the length of three sides of a trapezium other than the base is 10 cm, each
i.e., AD = DC = BC = 10 cm. D 10 C
Let AO = NB = x cm.
DO = 100 - x 2 cm
1 10 10
Area ( A) = ( AB + DC) . DO
2
1
= (10 + 2x + 10) 100 - x 2
2
A x 0 N x B
\ A = ( x + 10) 100 - x 2 …(i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dA 1
= ( x + 10) . ( -2x) + 100 - x 2 . 1
dx 2 100 - x 2
- x ( x + 10) + (100 - x 2 ) -2x 2 - 10x + 100
= =
100 - x 2 100 - x 2
200 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
dA
For maximum area, =0
dx
Þ 2x 2 + 10x - 100 = 0 or x 2 + 5x - 50 = 0
Þ ( x + 10) ( x - 5) = 0 Þ x = 5, - 10
Þ x=5
Now again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
( -2x)
100 - x 2 ( -4x - 10) - ( -2x 2 - 10x + 100) .
d2A 2 100 - x 2
=
dx 2 (100 - x 2 )
For x = 5
d2A 100 - 25 ( -20 - 10) - 0 75 ( -30)
= = <0
2 (100 - 25) 75
dx
\ For x = 5, area is maximum
Amax = (5 + 10) 100 - 25 cm 2 [Using equation (i)]
= 15 75 cm 2 = 75 3 cm 2
29. Question is incomplete.
Set–II
-1
6. Let x = cot ( - 3)
p p
Þ cot x = - 3 = - cot = cot æç p - ö÷
6 è 6ø
5p 5p
Þ cot x = cot Þ x=
6 6
® ®
10. Given, a and b are two vectors such that
® ® ® ®
| a . b | =| a ´ b |
® ® ® ®
Þ | a || b |cos q =| a || b |sin q
sin q
Þ cos q = sin q Þ =1
cos q
p
Þ tan q = 1 Þ q=
4
11. We have to prove
1 1 1 1 p
tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ =
è 3ø è5 ø è7 ø è 8ø 4
1 1 1 1
LHS = tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷
è 3ø è5 ø è7 ø è 8ø
Examination Papers – 2010 201
é 1 +1 ù é 1+1 ù
ê 3 5 ú ê ú é æ a + b öù
= tan -1 ê + tan -1 ê 7 8 ú êQ tan -1 a + tan -1 b = tan -1 ç ÷
1 1ú 1 1 ë è 1 - ab ø úû
ê1 - ´ ú ê1 - ´ ú
ë 3 5û ë 7 8û
4
æ ö + tan -1 æ ö 3
= tan -1 ç ÷ ç ÷
è7 ø è 11 ø
æ 4+ 3 ö
ç ÷ æ 65 ö p
= tan -1 ç 7 11 ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 (1) = = RHS
ç1 - 4 ´ 3 ÷ è 65 ø 4
è 7 11 ø
OR
æx - 1ö æx + 1ö p
Given, tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷=
è x - 2 ø è x + 2ø 4
é x-1 x+1 ù
ê + ú
Þ tan -1 ê x-2 x+2 ú= p
ê æx - 1ö æx + 1öú 4
ê1 - ç ÷ç ÷ú
êë è x - 2 ø è x + 2 ø úû
x2 + x - 2 + x2 - x - 2 p
Þ = tan
2 2 4
x - 4- x +1
2x 2 - 4
Þ =1
-3
Þ 2x 2 - 4 = - 3 Þ 2x 2 = 1
1 1
Þ x2 = Þ x=±
2 2
14. We have given
é2 0 1ù
A = ê2 1 3ú
ê ú
êë 1 -1 0úû
For A 2 - 3A + 2I
é2 0 1ù é 2 0 1ù é5 -1 2ù
A 2 = ê2 1 3ú ê 2 1 3ú = ê9 -2 5ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 1 -1 0úû êë 1 -1 0úû êë 0 -1 -2úû
é2 0 1ù é 6 0 3ù
3A = 3 2 ê 1 ú
3 = 6 ê 3 9ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 -1 0úû êë 3 -3 0úû
202 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
é2 0ù 0
2I = ê 0 2 0ú
ê ú
êë 0 0 2úû
é5 -1 2ù é 6 0 3ù é 2 0 0ù é 1 -1 -1 ù
A - 3A + 2I = ê 9
2
-2 5ú - ê 6 3 9ú + ê 0 2 0ú= ê 3 -3 -4 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -1 -2úû êë 3 -3 0úû êë 0 0 2úû êë -3 2 0úû
5x + 3
18. ò dx
x 2 + 4x + 10
Let 5x + 3 = A ( 2x + 4) + B = 2Ax + ( 4A + B)
Comparing both sides, we get
5
2A = 5 Þ A =
2
4A + B = 3 Þ B = - 7
5
( 2x + 4) - 7
5x + 3
\ ò dx = 2 ò dx
x 2 + 4x + 10 x 2 + 4x + 10
5 2x + 4 dx
=
2 ò 2
dx - 7 ò 2
x + 4x + 10 x + 4x + 10
I1 I2
For I1
Let x 2 + 4x + 10 = m Þ ( 2x + 4) dx = dm
5 1 5
Þ I1= ò dm = ´ 2 m = 5 m = 5 x 2 + 4x + 10 + C 1
2 m 2
1 dx dx
I2 = 7 ò 2
dx = 7 ò 2
= 7ò
x + 4x + 10 ( x + 2) - 4 + 10 ( x + 2) 2 + 6
= 7 log|( x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 10|+C 2
5x + 3
Thus, ò dx = I1 + I2
x 2 + 4x + 10
= 5 x 2 + 4x + 10 - 7 log|( x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 10| + C, C = C 1 + C 2
æ yö
20. y dx + x log ç ÷ dy - 2x dy = 0
è xø
Simplifying the above equation, we get
é æ yö ù
ê x log çè x ÷ø - 2xú dy = - y dx
ë û
Examination Papers – 2010 203
dy y
= …(i)
dx æ yö
2x - x log ç ÷
è xø
y
Let F ( x, y) =
æ yö
2x - x log ç ÷
è xø
my y
F (mx, my) = = = F( x, y)
æ my ö æ yö
2mx + mx log ç ÷ 2x - x log çè ÷ø
è mx ø x
\ Function and hence the equation is homogeneous,
Let y =vx
dy dv
Þ =v+ x
dx dx
Substituting in equation (i), we get
dv vx
v+x =
dx 2x - x log v
dv v dv v log v - v
Þ x = -v Þ x =
dx 2 - log v dx 2 - log v
2 - log v dx
Þ dv =
v log v - v x
Integrating both sides, we get
2 - log v dx
ò v log v - v dv = ò x
1 + (1 - log v) dx
Þ ò v (log v - 1) dv = ò x
dv dv dx
Þ ò v(log v - 1) - ò v
=ò
x
1
Let log v - 1 = m Þ dv = dm
v
1 1 dx
Þ ò m dm - ò v dv = ò x
Þ log|m| - log|v| = log| x| + log| c|
m
Þ log = log| cx|
v
m
Þ = cx Þ (log v - 1) = vcx
v
é æ yö ù
Þ ê log çè x ÷ø - 1ú = cy
ë û
which is the required solution.
204 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
p 1 ( 2 - 1)
Þ y-+ = - ( 2 + 1) x + ( 2 + 1)
4 2 2
p 1 2-1
Þ y- + = -( 2 + 1) x +
4 2 2
p 1 1
Þ ( 2 + 1) x + y - + - =0
4 2 2
p
Þ ( 2 + 1) x + y - = 0
4
which is the equation of the normal.
24. Plane through the point P (1, 1, 1) is
® ®
[ r - (i$ + j$ + k$)] . n = 0 ...(i)
®
As plane contains the line r = ( -3i$ + j$ + 5k$) + l ( 3i$ - j$ - 5k$)
®
\ [-3i$ + j$ + 5k$ - i$ - j$ - k$]. n = 0
®
Þ ( -4i$ + 4k$) . n = 0 …(ii)
®
Also, ( 3i$ - j$ - 5k$) . n = 0 …(iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we get
i$ j$ k$
®
n = -4 0 4 = 4i$ - 8j$ + 4k$
3 -1 -5
®
Substituting n in (i), we get
®
[ r - (i$ + j$ + k$)] . ( 4i$ - 8j$ + 4k$) = 0
®
Þ r . ( 4i$ - 8j$ + 4k$) - ( 4 - 8 + 4) = 0
®
Þ r . (i$ - 2j$ + k$) = 0
Which is the required equation of plane.
®
r . (i$ - 2j$ + k$) = 0 contain the line
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ + 5k$) + m (i$ - 2j$ - 5k$)
if ( -i$ + 2j$ + 5k$) . (i$ - 2j$ + k$) = 0
i.e., -1 - 4 + 5 = 0, which is correct
and (i$ - 2j$ + k$) . (i$ - 2j$ - 5k$) = 0
i.e., 1 + 4 - 5 = 0, which is correct.
206 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Set–III
4p ö -1 æ p öö
6. We are given sin -1 æç sin æ
÷ = sin ç sin ç p - ÷ ÷
è 5 ø è è 5 øø
p p
= sin -1 æç sin ö÷ =
è 5ø 5
® ®
® ® | a ´ b| 1´ 3 3
7. Angle b/w a and b = sin q = = =
® ® 3´2 2
| a || b |
3 p
Þ q = sin -1 =
2 3
11. ( a, b) S ( c , d) Þ a + d = b + c
(i) For ( a, b) Î N ´ N
a + b = b + a Þ ( a, b) S ( a, b)
\ S is reflexive.
(ii) Let ( a, b) S ( c , d) Þ a + d = b + c
Þ d+ a= c +b Þ c +b = d+ a
\ ( a, b) S ( c , d) Þ ( c , d) S ( a, b)
i.e., S is symmetric.
(iii) For ( a, b), ( c , d), ( e , f ) Î N ´ N
Let ( a, b) S ( c , d) and ( c , d) S ( e , f )
Þ a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e
Þ a+ d+ c + f =b + c + d+ e
Þ a+ f =b + e
Þ ( a, b) S ( e , f )
\ ( a, b) S ( c , d) and ( c , d) S ( e , f ) Þ ( a, b) S ( e , f )
\ S is transitive.
\ Relation S is an equivalence relation.
é 1ù
15. Given, A = ê -4 ú , B = ( -1 2 1)
ê ú
êë 3úû
é 1ù é -1 2 1ù
AB = -4 [-1 2 1] = 4 -8 -4ú
ê ú ê
ê ú ê ú
êë 3úû êë -3 6 3úû
¢
é -1 2 1ù é -1 4 -3 ù
ê
( AB) ¢ = 4 -8 -4 = 2 -8 ú ê 6ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -3 6 3úû êë 1 -4 3úû
Examination Papers – 2010 207
¢
é 1ù é -1 ù é -1 4 -3 ù
B ¢ A ¢ = ( -1 2 1) ¢ ê -4ú = ê 2ú [1 -4 3] = ê 2 -8 6ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 3úû êë 1úû êë 1 -4 3úû
\ ( AB) ¢ = B ¢ A ¢.
2 dy
17. ( x + 1) + 2xy = x 2 + 4
dx
Simplifying the above equation,
dy 2x x2 + 4
+ y=
dx x 2 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)
This is a linear differential equation of the form
dy
+ Py = Q
dx
2x x2 + 4
Here, P = ,Q =
x2 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)
2x
ò dx
x2 + 1 2 + 1)
I.F. = e = e log ( x = ( x 2 + 1)
2 2 x2 + 4
\ ( x + 1) y = ò ( x + 1) . dx = ò x 2 + 4 dx
2
( x + 1)
x 4
Þ ( x 2 + 1) . y = x 2 + 4 + log| x + x 2 + 4| + C
2 2
OR
dy
( x 3 + x 2 + x + 1) = 2x 2 + x
dx
dy 2x 2 + x 2x 2 + x
Þ = Þ dy = dx
dx x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 ( x 2 + 1) ( x + 1)
Integrating both sides, we get
2x 2 + x
ò dy = ò ( x 2 + 1) ( x + 1)
dx ...(i)
By partial fraction,
2x 2 + x A Bx + C
= + = A ( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C) ( x + 1)
2 x + 1 x2 + 1
( x + 1) ( x + 1)
2x 2 + x = x 2 ( A + B) + x ( B + C) + ( A + C)
Comparing both the sides, we get
A + B = 2, B + C = 1 and A+C = 0
208 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
3 1 -1
Þ B= , A= ,C =
2 2 2
é 3 1
x- ù
ê1 / 2 2 2 ú dx
\ (i) Þ y = òê + ú
2
êx +1 x +1 ú
ë û
1 1 3 x 1 1
= ò dx + ò dx - ò x 2 + 1 dx
2 x+1 2 x +12 2
1 3 1
y= log| x + 1| + log| x 2 + 1| - tan -1 x + C
2 4 2
20. Consider,
y = cosec -1 x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
dy -1 dy
= Þ x x2 - 1 = -1
dx x x 2 - 1 dx
25. Let a cylinder of base radius r and height h1 is included in a cone of height h and
semi-vertical angle a.
Then AB = r , OA = ( h - h1 ),
In right angled triangle OAB,
AB r
= tan a Þ = tan a
OA h - h1 O
or r = ( h - h1 ) tan a
\ V = p [( h - h1 ) tan a ] 2 . h1 (Q Volume of cylinder = pr 2 h)
V = p tan 2 a . h1 ( h - h1 ) 2 ...(i) A r
B
h
Differentiating w.r.t. h1, we get
dV h1
= p tan 2 a [h1 . 2 ( h - h1 ) ( -1) + ( h - h1 ) 2 ´ 1]
dh1
r
= p tan 2 a ( h - h1 ) [-2h1 + h - h1 ]
= p tan 2 a ( h - h1 ) ( h - 3h1 )
dV
For maximum volume V, =0
dh1
Þ h - h1 = 0 or h - 3 h1 = 0
1
Þ h = h1 or h1 = h
3
1
Þ h1 = h (Q h = h1 is not possible)
3
Again differentiating w.r.t. h1, we get
d 2V
= p tan 2 a [( h - h1 ) ( -3) + ( h - 3h1 ) ( -1)]
dh1 2
1
At h1 = h
3
d 2V é 1 ù
= p tan 2 a ê æç h - hö÷ ( -3) + 0ú
dh1 2 ë è 3 ø û
= -2ph tan 2 a < 0
1
\ Volume is maximum for h1 = h
3
1 1 2
Vmax = p tan 2 a . æç hö÷ æç h - hö÷ [Using (i)]
è3 øè 3 ø
4
= ph 3 tan 2 a
27
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2010
MATHEMATICS CBSE (Foreign)
CLASS – XII
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question number 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Write a square matrix of order 2, which is both symmetric and skew symmetric.
3x - 4
2. If ‘f’ is an invertible function, defined as f ( x) = , write f -1 ( x).
5
3. What is the domain of the function sin -1 x ?
4. What is the value of the following determinant?
4 a b+c
D= 4 b c+a
4 c a+b
® ® ® ® ® ®
5. Find| x |, if for a unit vector a , ( x - a ) . ( x + a ) = 15.
6. For what value of p, is (i$ + j$ + k$) p a unit vector?
7. If ò ( ax + b) 2 dx = f ( x) + c , find f ( x).
1 1
8. Evaluate: ò0 1 + x2
dx.
9. Write the cartesian equation of the following line given in vector form :
®
r = 2i$ + j$ - 4k$ + l (i$ - j$ - k$)
10. From the following matrix equation, find the value of x :
æx + y 4 ö æ 3 4ö
ç ÷=ç ÷
è -5 3 y ø è -5 6ø
212 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 3 marks each.
11. Consider f : R ® [-5, ¥ ) given by f ( x) = 9x 2 + 6x - 5. Show that f is invertible with
æ y + 6 - 1ö
f -1 ( y) = çç ÷.
÷
è 3 ø
OR
Let A = N ´ N and * be a binary operation on A defined by ( a, b) * ( c , d) = ( a + c , b + d). Show
that * is commutative and associative. Also, find the identity element for * on A, if any.
ép 1 a ù ép 1 a ù 2b
12. Prove the following: tan ê + cos -1 æç ö÷ ú + tan ê - cos -1 æç ö÷ ú = .
ë4 2 è ø
b û ë4 2 è b øû a
13. Prove the following, using properties of determinants:
a + b + 2c a b
c b + c + 2a b = 2 ( a + b + c) 3
c a c + a + 2b
OR
æ 3 -1 ö
Find the inverse of A = ç ÷ using elementary transformations.
è -4 1ø
p x dy d2y p
14. If y = log tan æç + ö÷ , show that = sec x. Also find the value of at x = ×
è 4 2ø dx dx 2 4
æ 2x + 1 ö dy
15. If y = cos -1 çç ÷ , find .
x÷ dx
è1 + 4 ø
16. Evaluate: ò sin x . sin 2x . sin 3x dx.
OR
2
x - 3x
Evaluate: ò dx.
( x - 1) ( x - 2)
p x tan x
17. Evaluate: ò dx.
0 sec x + tan x
18. Form the differential equation representing the family of ellipses foci on x-axis and centre at
the origin.
19. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation satisfying the given
condition :
dx
( 3x 2 + y) = x, x > 0, when x = 1, y = 1
dy
OR
y
Solve the following differential equation: y dx + x log æç ö÷ dy = 2x dy
è xø
Examination Papers – 2010 213
® ® ® ® ®
20. Let a = i$ - j$ , b = 3j$ - k$ and c = 7i$ - k$. Find a vector d which is perpendicular to both a and
® ® ®
b , and c . d = 1.
21. Find the shortest distance between the following pair of lines and hence write whether the
lines are intersecting or not :
x-1 y+1 x+1 y- 2
= =z; = ; z=2
2 3 5 1
22. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. Find the probability that in the next six
trails there will be at least 4 successes.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 2 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. A factory makes two types of items A and B, made of plywood. One piece of item A requires
5 minutes for cutting and 10 minutes for assembling. One piece of item B requires 8 minutes
for cutting and 8 minutes for assembling. There are 3 hours and 20 minutes available for
cutting and 4 hours for assembling. The profit on one piece of item A is Rs 5 and that on item
B is Rs 6. How many pieces of each type should the factory make so as to maximise profit?
Make it as an L.P.P. and solve it graphically.
24. An urn contains 4 white and 3 red balls. Let X be the number of red balls in a random draw of
three balls. Find the mean and variance of X.
OR
In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses.
3 2
Let be the probability that he knows the answer and be the probability that he guesses.
5 5
Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 1 , what is
3
the probability that the student knows the answer, given that he answered it correctly?
25. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (3, –4, –5) and (2, –3, 1) crosses the
plane determined by points A (1, 2, 3), B ( 2, 2, 1) and C ( -1, 3, 6).
æ 2 -3 5ö
ç ÷
26. If A = ç 3 2 -4÷ , find A -1 . Using A -1 solve the following system of equations :
ç1 1 -2÷ø
è
2x - 3y + 5z = 16 ; 3x + 2y - 4z = - 4 ; x + y - 2z = - 3
27. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines,
4x - y + 5 = 0; x + y - 5 = 0 and x - 4y + 5 = 0
OR
Using integration, find the area of the following region : {( x, y) ;| x + 2| £ y £ 20 - x 2 } .
28. The lengths of the sides of an isosceles triangle are 9 + x 2 , 9 + x 2 and 18 - 2x 2 units. Calculate
the area of the triangle in terms of x and find the value of x which makes the area maximum.
3/ 2
29. Evaluate the following : ò | x cos px| dx.
0
214 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
2. If f : R ® R and g : R ® R are given by f ( x) = sin x and g( x) = 5x 2 , find gof ( x).
3. From the following matrix equation, find the value of x :
æ1 3ö æ xö æ5 ö
ç ÷ ç ÷=ç ÷
è 4 5 ø è 2ø è 6ø
11. Prove the following, using properties of determinants :
b+c c+a a+b
c+a a+b b + c = 2 ( 3abc - a 3 - b 3 - c 3 )
a+b b+c c+a
OR
æ 3 2ö
Find the inverse of the following matrix, using elementary transformations: A = ç ÷.
è7 5 ø
æ1 - x ö æ x+2 ö
14. Differentiate the following function with respect to x : f ( x) = tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷.
è1 + x ø è 1 - 2x ø
5
17. Evaluate : ò | x + 2| dx.
-5
21. Find the cartesian and vector equations of the plane passing through the points (0, 0, 0) and
x- 4 y+ 3 z+1
(3, –1, 2) and parallel to the line = = .
1 -4 7
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations :
3x - 2y + 3z = - 1 ; 2x + y - z = 6 ; 4x - 3y + 2z = 5
3/ 2
24. Evaluate the following : ò | x sin px| dx.
-1
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given
1. If f ( x) = 27 x 3 and g( x) = x 1/ 3 , find gof ( x).
æ3 4ö æ xö æ19ö
7. If ç ÷ ç ÷ = ç ÷ , find the value of x.
è2 xø è 1 ø è15ø
13. Prove the following, using properties of determinants :
a + bx 2 c + dx 2 p + qx 2 b d q
2 2 2 4
ax + b cx + d px + q = ( x - 1) a c p
u v w u v w
OR
æ6 5ö
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix : A = ç ÷.
è5 4ø
Examination Papers – 2010 215
t d2y
17. If x = a æç cos t + log tan ö÷ , y = a (1 + sin t) , find .
è 2ø dx 2
1
19. Evaluate the following : ò x 2 (1 - x) n dx.
0
21. The scalar product of the vector i$ + 2j$ + 4k$ with a unit vector along the sum of vectors
i$ + 2j$ + 3k$ and li$ + 4j$ - 5k$ is equal to one. Find the value of l.
æ 2 1 3ö
ç ÷
23. If A = ç 1 3 -1÷ , find A -1 . Using A -1 , solve the following system of equations :
ç -2 1 1÷ø
è
2x + y + 3z = 9 ; x + 3y - z = 2 ; -2 x + y + z = 7
27. The sum of the perimeter of a circle and a square is K, where K is some constant. Prove that
the sum of their areas is least when the side of the square is double the radius of the circle.
SOLUTIONS
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. Square matrix of order 2, which is both symmetric and skew symmetric is
é 0 0ù
ê 0 0ú
ë û
3x - 4
2. We are given f ( x) = which is invertible
5
3x - 4
Let y=
5
5y + 4
Þ 5y = 3x - 4 Þ x=
3
5y + 3 5x + 4
\ f -1 ( y) = and f -1 ( x) =
3 3
3. -1 £ x £ 1 is the domain of the function sin -1 x.
4. We are given
4 a b+c
D= 4 b c+a
4 c a+b
Applying C 3 ® C 3 + C 2
216 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
4 a b+c+a 1 a 1
D= 4 b c + a + b = 4 ( a + b + c) 1 b 1
4 c a+b + c 1 c 1
As we know if two columns are same in any determinant then its value is 0
\ D=0
®
5. For a unit vector a ,
® ® ® ®
( x - a ) . ( x + a ) = 15
® ® ® ®
x 2 - a 2 = 15 Þ | x |2 -| a |2 = 15
® ®
Þ | x |2 - 1 = 15 [| a |2 = 1]
® ® ®
Þ | x |2 = 16 or | x |2 = ( 4) 2 or | x | = 4
®
6. Let, a = p (i$ + j$ + k$)
® ®
Magnitude of a is| a |
®
| a | = ( p) 2 + ( p) 2 + ( p) 2 = ± 3p
®
As a is a unit vector,
® 1
\ | a |= 1 Þ ± 3p = 1 Þ p=± ×
3
2
7. Given ò ( ax + b) dx = f ( x) + C
( ax + b) 3 ( ax + b) 3
Þ + C = f ( x) + C Þ f ( x) =
3a 3a
1 1
8. ò0 1 + x2
dx
1 p
[tan x]
-1
0
= [tan -1 1 - tan -1 0] =
4
9. Vector form of a line is given as :
®
r = 2i$ + j$ - 4k$ + l (i$ - j$ - k$)
Direction ratios of above equation are (1, –1, –1) and point through which the line passes is
(2, 1, –4).
\Cartesian equation is
x - x1 y - y1 z - z 1
= =
a b c
x- 2 y-1 z+ 4
i.e., = = = or x - 2 = 1 - y = -z - 4
1 -1 -1
Examination Papers – 2010 217
SECTION–B
11. Given f : R ® [-5, ¥) , given by
f ( x) = 9x 2 + 6x - 5
(i) Let f ( x 1 ) = f ( x 2 )
Þ 9x 12 + 6x 1 - 5 = 9x 22 + 6x 2 - 5
Þ 9 (x1 - x2 ) (x1 + x2 ) + 6 (x1 - x2 ) = 0
Þ ( x 1 - x 2 ) [9 ( x 1 + x 2 ) + 6] = 0
Þ x 1 - x 2 = 0 or 9( x 1 + x 2 ) + 6 = 0 …(i)
6
Þ x 1 = x 2 or 9 ( x 1 + x 2 ) = - 6 i.e., ( x 1 + x 2 ) = - which is not possible.
9
\ x1 = x2
So, we can say, f ( x 1 ) = f ( x 2 ) Þ x 1 = x 2
\ f is one-one.
(ii) Let y Î [-5, ¥]
So that y = f ( x) for some x Î R +
Þ 9x 2 + 6x - 5 = y
Þ 9x 2 + 6x - 5 - y = 0
-6 ± 36 + 4( 9)(5 + y)
Þ 9x 2 + 6x - (5 + y) = 0 Þ x=
2´9
-6 ± 6 1 + 5 + y -1 ± y + 6
Þ x= =
18 3
-1 + y + 6 -1 - y + 6
Þ x= ,
3 3
-1 + y + 6
here x = Î R+
3
\ f is onto.
Since function is one-one and onto, so it is invertible.
-1 + y + 6 x+ 6 -1
f -1 ( y) = i.e., f -1 ( x) =
3 3
218 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
OR
Given A = N ´ N
* is a binary operation on A defined by
( a, b) * ( c , d) = ( a + c , b + d)
(i) Commutativity: Let (a, b), (c, d) Î N ´ N
Then ( a, b) * ( c , d) = ( a + c , b + d) = ( c + a, d + b)
(Qa, b , c , d Î N , a + c = c + a and b + d = d + c)
= ( c , d) * b
Hence, ( a, b) * ( c , d) = ( c , d) * ( a, b)
\ * is commutative.
(ii) Associativity: let (a, b), (b, c), (c, d)
Then [( a, b) * ( c , d)] * ( e , f ) = ( a + c , b + d) * ( e , f ) = (( a + c) + e , (b + d) + f )
= {a + ( c + e), b + ( d + f )] (Q set N is associative)
= ( a, b) * ( c + e , d + f ) = (a, b) * {(c, d) * (e, f)}
Hence, [( a, b) * ( c , d)] * ( e , f ) = ( a, b) * {( c , d) * ( e , f )}
\ * is associative.
(iii) Let (x, y) be identity element for Ú on A,
Then ( a, b) * ( x, y) = ( a, b)
Þ ( a + x, b + y) = ( a, b)
Þ a + x = a, b + y=b
Þ x = 0, y=0
But (0, 0) Ï A
\ For *, there is no identity element.
ép 1 a ù ép 1 a ù 2b
12. tan ê + cos -1 æç ö÷ ú + tan ê - cos -1 æç ö÷ ú =
ë4 2 è b û ø ë4 2 è b øû a
ép 1 a ù ép 1 a ù
L.H.S. tan ê + cos -1 æç ö÷ ú + tan ê - cos -1 æç ö÷ ú
ë4 2 èb øû ë4 2 èb øû
a a
Let cos -1 = x Þ = cos x
b b
p 1 p 1
LHS = tan é + xù + tan é - xù
êë 4 2 úû êë 4 2 úû
p x p x
tan + tan tan - tan
= 4 2 + 4 2
p x p x
1 - tan tan 1 + tan tan
4 2 4 2
é tan a + tan b tan a - tan b ù
êQ tan ( a + b) = and tan ( a - b) = ú
ë 1 - tan a tan b 1 - tan a tan b û
Examination Papers – 2010 219
x æ xö
1 + tan æç ö÷ 1 - tan ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
= +
x æ xö
1 - tan æç ö÷ 1 + tan ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
2 2
é æ x öù é æ x öù x
êë1 + tan çè 2 ÷ø úû + êë1 - tan çè 2 ÷ø úû 2 é1 + tan 2 ù
êë 2 úû
= =
x x
1 - tan 2 1 - tan 2
2 2
æ 2
2 1 + tan q ö
= çQ cos 2q = ÷
ç ÷
cos x è 1 - tan 2 q ø
2 2b
= =
a/b a
LHS = RHS Hence Proved.
a + b + 2c a b
13. L.H.S. = c b + c + 2a b
c a c + a + 2b
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
2 ( a + b + c) a b
= 2 ( a + b + c) b + c + 2a b
2 ( a + b + c) a c + a + 2b
1 a b
= 2 ( a + b + c) 1 b + c + 2a b
1 a c + a + 2b
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 and R 2 ® R 2 - R 3
0 - ( a + b + c) 0
= 2 ( a + b + c) 0 ( a + b + c) - ( a + b + c)
1 a c + a + 2b
0 -1 0
= 2( a + b + c +) 3 0 1 -1 = 2( a + b + c) 3 [1(1 - 0)] = 2( a + b + c) 3 = RHS
1 a c + a + 2b
OR
é 3 -1 ù
Given A=ê
ë -4 1úû
We know that A = IA
é 3 -1 ù é 1 0ù
Þ ê -4 = A
ë 1úû êë 0 1úû
220 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R
2 2
é 1 -1 / 2 ù é 1 1 / 2ù
ê -4 = A
ë 1úû êë 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 + 4R 1
é1 -1 / 2 ù é 1 1 / 2ù
ê0 = A
ë -1 úû êë 4 3 úû
Applying R 2 ® - R 2
é 1 -1 / 2 ù é 1 1 / 2ù
ê0 = A
ë 1 úû êë -4 -3úû
1
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R
2 2
é 1 0 ù é -1 -1 ù
ê 0 1 ú = ê -4 -3úû
A
ë û ë
é1 0 ù -1 é -1 -1 ù
Þ ê0 A =ê
ë 1úû ú
ë -4 -3 û
é -1 -1 ù
Þ A -1 = ê ú
ë -4 -3 û
p x
14. Given y = log tan æç + ö÷
è 4 2ø
By differentiating of w.r.t. x, we get
dy 1 p x 1
= . sec 2 æç + ö÷ .
dx æ p xö è 4 2ø 2
tan ç + ÷
è 4 2ø
p x
cos æç + ö÷
è 4 2ø 1
= =
p x p x p x p x
2 sin æç + ö÷ cos 2 æç + ö÷ 2 sin æç + ö÷ cos æç + ö÷
è 4 2ø è 4 2ø è 4 2ø è 4 2ø
1 1 1
= = = = sec x
p x p cos x
sin 2 æç + ö÷ sin æç + xö÷
è 4 2ø è2 ø
Now again differentiating w.r.t. x,
d2y
= sec x tan x
dx 2
p d2y p p
At x = , = sec tan = 2
4 dx 2 4 4
Examination Papers – 2010 221
æ 2x + 1 ö é 2 x .2 1 ù
15. Given y = cos -1 çç ÷ Þ y = cos -1 ê ú
x÷ x
è 1 + 4 ø êë 1 + 4 úû
Let 2 x = tan a Þ a = tan -1 ( 2 x )
æ 2 tan a ö é æp öù
\ y = cos -1 ç ÷ = cos -1 (sin 2a ) = cos -1
êë cos çè 2 - 2a ÷ø úû
ç 1 + tan 2 a ÷
è ø
p p
Þ y = - 2a = - 2 tan -1 ( 2 x )
2 2
By differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy d 2 . 2 x log e 2 -2 x + 1 log e 2
=-2 [tan -1 ( 2 x )] = - =
dx dx 1 + 2 2x 1 + 4x
16. ò sin x . sin 2x . sin 3x dx
Multiplying and dividing by 2
1 1
= ò 2 sin x sin 3x sin 2x dx = ò sin x [2 sin 3x sin 2x] dx
2 2
1
= ò sin x [cos x - cos 5x] dx [Q 2 sin a sin b = cos ( a - b) - cos ( a + b)]
2
1 1
= ò (sin x cos x - cos 5x sin x) dx = ò ( 2 sin x cos x - 2 cos 5x sin x) dx
2 4
1 1 é cos 2x cos 6x cos 4x ù
= ò (sin 2x - sin 6x + sin 4x) dx = ê - + - +C
4 4ë 2 6 4 úû
cos 2x cos 6x cos 4x
=- + - +C
8 24 16
OR
2 2
( x - 3x) dx ( x - 3x) dx
Givenò
( x - 1) ( x - 2) ò x 2 - 3x + 2
=
( x 2 - 3x + 2) - 2 é 2 ù
=ò dx = ò ê1 - ú dx
x 2 - 3x + 2 êë x 2 - 3x + 2 úû
dx dx
= ò dx - 2 ò =x-2ò
2 2
x - 3x + 2 æx - 3 ö - 1
ç ÷
è 2ø 4
é 3 1 ù
ê x- - ú
2 2 +C é dx 1 x-a ù
= x - 2 ê log
3 1 ú êQ ò 2 2
=
2 a
log
x + a
+ cú
ê x- + ú ë x -a û
ë 2 2 û
x-2
= x - 2 log +C
x-1
222 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
p x tan x
17. Let I = ò dx …(i)
0 sec x + tan x
a a
As ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx
0 0
p ( p - x) tan ( p - x)
\ I=ò dx
0 sec ( p - x) + tan ( p - x)
p ( p - x) tan x
=ò dx …(ii)
0 sec x + tan x
By adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
p tan x
2I = p ò dx
0 sec x + tan x
dv v - 2v + v log v v log v - v
Þ x = =
dx 2 - log v 2 - log v
2 - log v dx
Þ dv =
v log v - v x
2 - log v dx
Þ ò v log v - v dv = ò x
1 + (1 - log v) dx
Þ ò v (log v - 1) dv = ò x
dx dv dx
Þ ò v(log v - 1) - ò v
=ò
x
...(i)
1
Let log v - 1 = t Þ dv = dt
v
1 1 dx
\ (i) Þ ò t dt - ò v dv = ò x
Þ log|t| - log|v| = log| x| + log| c|
t t
Þ log = log| cx| Þ = cx
v v
log v - 1
Þ = cx
v
é æ yö ù
ê log çè x ÷ø - 1ú
ë û
Þ = cx
y
x
é æ yö ù
Þ ê log çè x ÷ø - 1ú = cy, which is the required solution.
ë û
® ® ®
20. Given a = i$ - j$, b = 3j$ - k$, c = 7i$ - k$
® ® ®
Q vector d is perpendicular to both a and b
® ®
\ d is along vector a ´ b
i$ j$ k$
® ® ®
Þ d = l ( a ´ b ) = l 1 -1 0 = l (i$ + j$ + 3k$)
0 3 -1
® ®
Also c . d =1 Þ (7i$ - k$) . l (i$ + j$ + 3k$) = 1
1
Þ l(7 + 0 - 3) = 1 Þ l=
4
® 1 $ $
\ d = (i + j + 3k$)
4
Examination Papers – 2010 225
-9 -9
= =
2 2
( -1) + (5) + ( -13) 2 1 + 25 + 169
-9 9
= = units
195 195
Lines are not intersecting as the shortest distance is not zero.
22. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails.
2
\ p = P (success) =
3
1
and q = P (failure) =
3
no. of trials = n = 6
By the help of Binomial distribution,
2 r 1 6 -r
P (r) = 6 Cr æç ö÷ æç ö÷
è 3ø è 3ø
P (at least four success) = P ( 4) + P (5) + P ( 6)
226 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
1 2 2 4 1 2 5 2 6
= 6 C 4 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ + 6 C5 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ + 6 C 6 æç ö÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
2 4 1 2 4
= æç ö÷ é 6 C 4 + 6 C5 + 6 C 6 ù
è 3 ø êë 9 9 6 úû
2 4 15 2 4 16 31 496
= æç ö÷ é + ´ 6 + ù = ´ =
è 3 ø êë 9 9 9 úû 81 9 729
SECTION–C
23. Let the factory makes x pieces of item A and B by pieces of item.
Time required by item A (one piece)
Y
cutting = 5 minutes, assembling
= 10 minutes
Time required by item B (one piece) 40
0 4/35 0 0
1 18/35 18/35 18/35
2 12/35 24/35 48/35
3 1/35 3/35 9/35
Total 1 9/7 15/7
9
Mean = S XP(X) =
7
15 81 24
Variance = SX 2 . P(X) - ( SX. P(X)) 2 = - =
7 49 49
OR
Let A, B and and E be the events defined as follows:
A : Student knows the answer
B : Student guesses the answer
E : Student answers correctly
3 2
Then, P ( A) = , P ( B) = , P (E / A ) = 1
5 5
1
P(E / B) =
3
Using Baye’s theorem, we get
3
P ( A) . P (E / A ) 5 3´ 3 9
P ( A / E) = = = =
P ( A) . P (E / A ) + P ( B) P (E / B) 3 + 2 ´ 1 9 + 2 11
5 5 3
25. The line through (3, –4, –5) and (2, –3, 1) is given by
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
= =
2 - 3 -3 + 4 1 + 5
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
Þ = = ...(i)
-1 1 6
The plane determined by points A (1, 2, 3), B ( 2, 2, 1) and C ( -1, 3, 6)
x-1 y- 2 z- 3
2-1 2-2 1- 3 =0
-1 - 1 3-2 6- 3
228 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
x-1 y- 2 z- 3
Þ 1 0 -2 =0
-2 1 3
0 -2 1 -2 1 0
Þ ( x - 1) - ( y - 2) + (z - 3) =0
1 3 -2 3 -2 1
Þ ( x - 1) ( 2) - ( y - 2) ( -1) + (z - 3) (1) = 0
Þ 2x - 2 + y - 2 + z - 3 = 0 Þ 2x + y + z - 7 = 0 ...(ii)
P ( -m + 3, m - 4, 6m - 5) is the general point for line (i).
If this point lies on plane (ii), we get
-2m + 6 + m - 4 + 6m - 5 - 7 = 0 Þ m = 2
\ P (1, - 2, 7) is the point of intersection.
é2 -3 5ù
26. If A= 3 ê 2 -4 ú
ê ú
êë 1 1 -2úû
1
A -1 = Adj. A
| A|
2 -3 5
| A| = 3 2 - 4 = 2 ( - 4 + 4) + 3 ( -6 + 4) + 5 ( 3 - 2)
1 1 -2
= 2 (0) + 3 (– 2 ) + 5 (1) = – 1 ¹ 0
é 0 2 1 ù é 0 -1 2ù
ê
Adj. A = -1 -9 -5 = 2 -9 23ú
ú ê
ê ú ê ú
êë 2 23 13úû êë 1 -5 13úû
é0 -1 2ù é 0 1 -2 ù
1 ê ú ê
-1
A = 2 -9 23 = -2 9 -23ú …(i)
-1 ê ú ê ú
êë 1 -5 13úû êë -1 5 -13úû
Given equations are
2x - 3y + 5z = 16
3x + 2y - 4z = - 4
x + y - 2z = - 3
Matrix form is
é2 -3 5ù é xù é 16ù
ê3 2 -4 ú ê y ú = ê -4 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 1 1 -2úû êë z úû êë -3úû
AX = B
Þ X = A -1 B ...(ii)
Examination Papers – 2010 229
Given region is {( x, y) :| x + 2| £ y £ 20 - x 2 .}
It consists of inequalities y ³| x + 2|
y
y £ 20 - x 2
2|
4 +
Plotting these inequalities, we obtain the |x
y=
adjoining shaded region. y 3
|
=
|x
Solving y=x+2 +
2| 2
2 2
and y = 20 - x 1
2 2
Þ ( x + 2) = 20 - x x' | | x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
Þ 2x + 4x - 16 = 0
y'
230 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
or ( x + 4) ( x - 2) = 0
Þ x = - 4, 2
The required area
2 -2 2
=ò 20 - x 2 dx - ò - ( x + 2) dx - ò ( x + 2) dx
-4 -4 -2
2 -2 2
éx 20 x ù é x2 ù é x2 ù
=ê 20 - x 2 + sin -1 ú +ê + 2xú - ê + 2xú
ë2 2 20 û -4 êë 2 úû -4 êë 2 úû -2
1 æ 2 ö
= 4 + 10 sin -1 + 4 + 10 sin -1 ç ÷ + [2 - 4 - 8 + 8] - [2 + 4 - 2 + 4]
5 è 5ø
æ 1 2 ö
= 8 + 10ç sin -1 + sin -1 ÷-2-8
è 5 5ø
æ 1 2 ö
= - 2 + 10 ç sin -1 + sin -1 ÷
è 5 5ø
é 1 4 2 1ù
= - 2 + 10 sin -1 ê 1- + 1- ú
ë 5 5 5 5û
1 4
= - 2 + 10 sin -1 é + ù= - 2 + 10 sin -1 1
êë 5 5 úû
p
= - 2 + 10 = (5p - 2) sq. units.
2
28. As given, the lengths of the sides of an isosceles triangle are 9 + x 2 , 9 + x 2 and 18 - 2x 2 units.
Using Heron's formula, we get
2s = 9 + x 2 + 9 + x 2 + 18 - 2x 2 = 36 Þ s = 18
d2A
At x = - 3 , = 36 3 > 0
dx 2
\ For x = 3 , area is maximum.
3/ 2
29. ò0 | x cos px| dx
As we know that
p
cos x = 0 Þ x = ( 2n - 1) , nÎZ
2
1 3
\ cos px = 0 Þ x= ,
2 2
1
For 0 < x < , x>0
2
cos px > 0 Þ x cos px > 0
1 3
For <x< , x>0
2 2
cos px < 0 Þ x cos px < 0
3/ 2
\ ò0 | x cos px| dx
1/ 2 3/ 2
=ò x cos p x dx + ò ( - x cos px) dx …(i)
0 1/ 2
I II
1/ 2 3/ 2
é sin px ù 1/ 2 sin px é x sin px ù 3 / 2 sin px
= êx -ò 1. dx - ê -ò dx
ë p úû 0 0 p ë p ú
û 1/ 2 1/2 p
1/ 2 3/ 2
éx 1 ù éx 1 ù
= ê sin px + cos pxú - ê sin px + cos pxú
p 2 p 2
ë p û0 ë p û 1/ 2
æ 1 1 ö æ 3 1 ö 5 1
=ç +0- ÷ - ç- - ÷= -
è 2p 2
p ø è 2p 2p ø 2p p 2
Set–II
2. Given f : R ® R and g : R ® R defined by
f ( x) = sin x and g( x) = 5x 2
\ gof ( x) = g [ f ( x)] = g (sin x) = 5 (sin x) 2 = 5 sin 2 x
3. Given :
é1 3ù é xù é5 ù
ê 4 5 ú ê 2ú = ê 6ú
ë ûë û ë û
é(1) ( x) + ( 3) ( 2) ù é 5 ù é x + 6 ù é5 ù
Þ ê 4 ( x) + (5) ( 2) ú = ê 6ú Þ ê 4x + 10ú = ê 6ú
ë û ë û ë û ë û
232 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 2 , C 2 ® C 2 ® C 3
0 0 1
é b-c c-a ù
= 2 ( a + b + c) b - c c -a a = 2 ( a + b + c) ê ú
c-a a-b b ë c - a a-b û
= 2 ( a + b + c) [(b - c) ( a - b) - ( c - a) ( c - a)]
= 2 ( a + b + c) ( - a 2 - b 2 - c 2 + ab + bc + ca)
= 2 ( 3abc - a 3 - b 3 - c 3 ) = RHS Hence Proved.
OR
We are given
é 3 2ù
A=ê ú
ë7 5 û
Þ A = IA
é 3 2ù é1 0ù
ê7 5 ú = ê 0 1 ú A
ë û ë û
Examination Papers – 2010 233
é7 5ù é0 1ù
Þ ê3 = A [By applying R 1 « R 2 ]
ë 2úû êë 1 0úû
é1 1 ù é -2 1 ù
Þ ê3 = A [By applying R 1 ® R 1 - 2R 2 ]
ë 2úû êë 1 0úû
é 1 1 ù é -2 1ù
Þ ê 0 -1 ú = ê 7 A [By applying R 2 ® R 2 - 3R 1 ]
ë û ë -3úû
é1 0ù é 5 -2 ù
Þ ê 0 -1ú = ê7 A [By applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 ]
ë û ë -3úû
é 1 0ù é 5 -2 ù
Þ ê 0 1 ú = ê -7 A [By applying R 2 ® - R 2 ]
ë û ë 3úû
é 5 -2 ù
Hence, A -1 = ê
ë -7 3úû
æ1 - x ö æ x+2 ö
14. f ( x) = tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷
è1 + x ø è 1 - 2x ø
æ 1- x ö æ x+2 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷
è 1 + x.1 ø è 1 - 2. x ø
æ -1 a - b ö
= (tan -1 1 - tan -1 x) - (tan -1 x + tan -1 2) çQ tan = tan -1 a - tan -1 b ÷
è 1 + ab ø
= tan -1 1 - tan -1 2 - 2 tan -1 x
Differentiating w.r.t. x
2
f ¢( x) = -
1 + x2
ì ( x + 2) if x + 2 > 0 i.e., x > -2
17. x+ 2 =í
îï -( x + 2) if x + 2 < 0 i.e., x < -2
5 -2 5
\ ò-5 x + 2 dx = ò-5 - ( x + 2) dx + ò
-2
( x + 2) dx
-2 5
é x2 ù é x2 ù
= ê- - 2xú + ê + 2xú
êë 2 úû -5 êë 2 úû –2
4 25 25 4
= é - + 4ù - é - + 10ù + é + 10ù - é - 4ù
êë 2 úû êë 2 úû êë 2 úû êë 2 úû
5 45
=2+ + + 2 = 29
2 2
21. Plane passing through the point (0, 0, 0) is
a ( x - 0) + b ( y - 0) + c (z - 0) = 0 …(i)
Plane (i) passes through the point (3, –1, 2)
\ 3a - b + 2c = 0 …(ii)
234 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
SECTION–C
23. 3x - 2y + 3z = - 1
2x + y - z = 6
4x - 3y + 2z = 5
Now the matrix equation form of above three equations is
é 3 -2 3 ù é x ù é -1 ù
ê2 1 -1 ú ê y ú = ê 6 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 4 -3 2úû êë zúû êë 5úû
i.e., AX = B Þ X = A -1 B
1
we know that A -1 = Adj. A
| A|
3 -2 3
| A| = 2 1 -1
4 -3 2
1 -1 2 -1 2 1
=3 +2 +3
-3 2 4 2 4 -3
= - 3 + 16 - 30 = - 17 ¹ 0
¢
é -1 -8 -10ù é -1 -5 -1 ù
ê
Adj. A = -5 -6 ú
1 = ê -8 -6 9ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -1 9 7 úû êë -10 1 7 úû
Examination Papers – 2010 235
é -1 -5 -1 ù
1 ê
A -1
= -8 -6 9ú
-17 ê ú
êë -10 1 7 úû
é -1 -5 -1 ù é -1 ù
1 ê
X=A -1
B= - -8 -6 9ú ê 6ú
17 ê úê ú
êë -10 1 7 úû êë 5úû
é xù é -34ù é 2ù
ê yú = - 1 ê 17 ú = ê -1ú
ê ú 17 ê ú ê ú
êë zúû êë 51úû êë -3úû
By comparing both sides, we get
x = 2, y = - 1, z = - 3
3/ 2
24. ò-1 | x sin p x| dx
As we know
sin q = 0 Þ q = np , n Î Z
\ sin px = 0 Þ x = 0, 1, 2, K
For -1 < x < 0,
x < 0, sin px < 0 Þ x sin px > 0
For 0 < x < 1,
x > 0, sin px > 0 Þ x sin px > 0
3
For 1 < x < ,
2
x > 0, sin px < 0 Þ x sin px < 0
3/ 2
\ ò-1 | x sin px| dx
1 3/ 2
=ò x sin px dx + ò ( - x sin px) dx
-1 1
1 3/ 2
é (cos px) ù 1 - cos px é - cos px ù 3/ 2 cos px
= êx × ú - ò 1. dx - ê x × ú +ò 1. dx
ë p û -1 -1 p ë p û1 1 p
1 3/ 2
é x 1 ù é x 1 ù
= ê - cos px + sin pxú - ê - cos px + sin pxú
2 2
ë p p û -1 ë p p û1
é 1 1 1 1ù 1 1 é 1 1ù 1 3 1 + 3p
=ê + + + ú = é + 0 + - 0ù - ê 0 - - ú= + = .
2 ê ú 2 2
ë p p p pû ëp p û ë p pû p p p2
Set–III
1. Given f ( x) = 27 x 3 and g( x) = x 1/ 3
( gof ) ( x) = g [ f ( x)] = g [27 x 3 ] = [27 x 3 ] 1/ 3 = 3x
236 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
7. Given,
é3 4ù é xù é19ù é 3 ( x) + 4 (1) ù é19ù
Þ ê2 = Þ ê ú=ê ú
ë xúû êë 1 úû êë15úû ë( 2) ( x) + ( x) (1) û ë15û
é 3x + 4ù é19ù
Þ ê 3x ú = ê15ú
ë û ë û
Comparing both sides, we get
3x + 4 = 19 and 3x = 15
Þ 3x = 19 - 4, 3x = 15
Þ 3x = 15, x=5
\ x=5
13. We have to prove
a + bx 2 c + dx 2 p + qx 2 b d q
2 2 2 4
ax + b cx + d px + q = ( x - 1) a c p
u v w u v w
a + bx 2 c + dx 2 p + qx 2
2 2
L.H.S = ax + b cx + d px 2 + q
u v w
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2
b ( x 4 - 1) d ( x 4 - 1) q ( x 4 - 1)
1 2 2
= ax + b cx + d px 2 + q
2
x u v w
b d q
x4 - 1 2 2 2
= ax + b cx + d px + q
x2 u v w
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - R 1
b d q
x4 - 1
= ax 2 cx 2
px 2
x2 u v w
b d q b d q
x 2 ( x 4 - 1)
= a c p = ( x 4 - 1) a c p = RHS
x2 u v w u v w
Examination Papers – 2010 237
OR
é6 5ù
Given A=ê
ë5 4úû
We can write A = IA
é1 1 ù é1 0ù
ê5 4ú = ê 0 1 ú A
ë û ë û
[By applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 ]
é1 1 ù é 1 -1ù
Þ ê5 4ú = ê 0 A
ë û ë 1úû
[By applying R 2 ® R 2 - 5R 1 ]
é1 1 ù é 1 -1 ù
ê 0 -1 ú = ê -5 6úû
A
ë û ë
[By applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 ]
é1 0 ù é -4 5 ù
ê 0 -1 ú = ê -5 6 ú A
ë û ë û
[By applying R 2 ® - R2 ]
é1 0 ù é -4 5ù
ê0 = A
ë 1úû êë 5 -6úû
é1 0 ù -1 é -4 5ù
ê0 A =ê
ë -1úû ë 5 -6úû
é -4 5ù
\ A -1 = ê
ë 5 -6úû
t
17. Given x = a é cos t + log tan ù …(i)
êë 2 úû
y = a (1 + sin t) …(ii)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. t
ì ü ì ü
dx ï 1 2 t 1ï ï 1 ï
= a í - sin t + . sec × ý = a í - sin t + ý
dt t 2 2ï t t
ï tan ï 2 sin cos ï
ïî 2 þ ïî 2 2þ
dx ì 1 ü ìï - sin 2 t + 1 üï cos 2 t
Þ = a í - sin t + ý = aí ý= a
dt ïî sin t þ îï sin t ïþ sin t
Differentiating equation (ii), w.r.t. t
dy
= a ( 0 + cos t) = a cos t
dt
dy dy dt a cos t ´ sin t
Now, = ´ = = tan t
dx dt dx a cos 2 t
238 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
Þ (1 + l) + 12 - 8 = (1 + l) 2 + 40
Þ l + 5 = (1 + l) 2 + 40
Squaring both sides, we get
l2 + 10l + 25 = 1 + 2l + l2 + 40
Þ 8l = 16 Þ l=2
é 2 1 3ù
23. Given ê
A= 1 3 -1 ú
ê ú
êë -2 1 1úû
and 2x + y + 3z = 9 …(i)
x + 3y - z = 2 …(ii)
-2 x + y + z = 7 …(iii)
Examination Papers – 2010 239
1
As we know A -1 = Adj. A
| A|
2 1 3
3 -1 1 -1 1 3
| A| = 1 3 -1 = 2 -1 +3
1 1 -2 1 -2 1
-2 1 1
= 2 ( 4) - 1 ( -1) + 3 (7) = 30 ¹ 0
é 4 1 7 ù é4 2 -10ù
Adj. A = ê 2 8 -4 = 1 ú ê 8 5ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -10 5 5úû êë7 -4 5úû
é4 2 -10ù
1 ê
A -1
= 1 8 5ú
30 ê ú
êë7 -4 5úû
Matrix equation form of equations (i), (ii), (iii), is given by
é 2 1 3ù é xù é 9ù
ê 1 3 -1 ú ê y ú = ê 2 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë -2 1 1úû êë z úû êë7 úû
i.e., AX = B Þ X = A -1 B
é4 2 -10ù é 9ù
1 ê
Þ X= 1 8 5ú ê 2ú
30 ê ú ê ú
êë7 -4 5úû êë7 úû
é xù é -30ù é x ù é -1 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 60ú Þ ê yú = ê 2ú
ê ú 30 ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 90úû êë z úû êë 3úû
By comparing both sides, we get
x = - 1, y = 2, z = 3
27. Let side of square be a units and radius of a circle be r units.
It is given,
k - 4a
\ 4a + 2pr = k where k is a constant Þ r =
2p
Sum of areas, A = a 2 + pr 2
2
é k - 4a ù 1
Þ A = a2 + p ê 2
ú = a + 4p ( k - 4a)
2
ë 2 p û
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dA 1 2 ( k - 4a)
= 2a + × 2 ( k - 4a) . ( -4) = 2a - …(i)
da 4p p
240 Xam idea Mathematics – XII
dA
For minimum area, =0
da
2 ( k - 4a)
Þ 2a - =0
p
2 ( k - 4a) 2 ( 2pr)
Þ 2a = Þ 2a =
p p
[As k = 4a + 2pr given]
Þ a = 2r
Now again differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x
d2A 2 8
=2- ( -4) = 2 +
2 p p
da
d2A 8
at a = 2p, =2+ >0
2 p
da
\ For ax = 2r , sum of areas is least.
Hence, sum of areas is least when side of the square is double the radius of the circle.
EXAMINATION PAPERS – 2011
CBSE (Delhi) Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry one mark each.
1. State the reason for the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} not to be
transitive.
ép 1 ù
2. Write the value of sin ê – sin –1 æç – ö÷ ú
ë3 è 2 øû
i
3. For a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [aij], whose elements are given by aij = , write the value of a12.
j
é5 – x x + 1ù
4. For what value of x, the matrix ê is singular?
ë 2 4 úû
é2 5 ù
5. Write A–1 for A = ê ú
ë1 3û
6. Write the value of ò sec x (sec x + tan x) dx
dx
7. Write the value of ò .
2
x + 16
8. For what value of ‘a’ the vectors 2i$ – 3j$ + 4k$ and ai$ + 6j$ – 8k$ are collinear?
242 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Consider the binary operation* on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a * b = min. {a, b}. Write the
operation table of the operation *.
12. Prove the following:
é 1 + sin x + 1 – sin x ù x æ pö
cot – 1 ê ú = , x Î ç 0, ÷
1 + sin x – 1 – sin x 2 è 4ø
ëê ûú
OR
æ xö æ x – yö
Find the value of tan –1 ç ÷ – tan – 1 ç ÷
è yø è x + yø
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that
– a 2 ab ac
ba –b 2 bc = 4a 2 b 2 c 2
ca cb –c2
14. Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function f defined as
ì a sin p ( x + 1), x £ 0
ï
f ( x) = í tan x2– sin x
ï , x>0
ïî x3
is continuous at x = 0.
x2 + 1
15. Differentiate x x cos x + w. r. t. x
x2 – 1
OR
d2y
If x = a (q – sin q), y = a (1 + cos q), find
dx 2
16. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3/s. The falling sand forms a cone on the
ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base.
How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
OR
Find the points on the curve x 2 + y 2 – 2x – 3 = 0 at which the tangents are parallel to x–axis.
5x + 3
17. Evaluate: ò dx
x 2 + 4x + 10
Examination Papers – 2011 243
OR
2x
Evaluate: ò dx
( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 + 3)
18. Solve the following differential equation:
e x tan y dx + (1 – e x ) sec 2 y dy = 0
19. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
cos 2 x + y = tan x.
dx
® ® ® ® ®
20. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a + b and a – b , where a
®
= 3i$ + 2j$ + 2k$ and b = i$ + 2j$ - 2k$.
21. Find the angle between the following pair of lines:
–x+2 y–1 z+ 3 x + 2 2y – 8 z – 5
= = and = =
–2 7 –3 –1 4 4
and check whether the lines are parallel or perpendicular.
1 1
22. Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are and
2 3
respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (i) the
problem is solved (ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Using matrix method, solve the following system of equations:
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, – + = 1, + – = 2; x, y, z ¹ 0
x y z x y z x y z
OR
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix
æ 1 3 – 2ö
ç ÷
ç– 3 0 – 1÷
ç 2 1 0 ÷ø
è
24. Show that of all the rectangles inscribed in a given fixed circle, the square has the maximum
area.
25. Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have equations
y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4.
p/ 2
–1
26. Evaluate: ò 2 sin x cos x tan (sin x) dx
0
OR
p/ 2
x sin x cos x
Evaluate: ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx
0
244 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
27. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes
® ®
r . (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) - 4 = 0, r . ( 2i$ + j$ - k$) + 5 = 0 and which is perpendicular to the plane
®
r . (5i$ + 3j$ - 6k$) + 8 = 0.
28. A factory makes tennis rackets and cricket bats. A tennis racket takes 1 × 5 hours of machine
time and 3 hours of craftman’s time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hours of machine
time and 1 hour of craftman’s time. In a day, the factory has the availability of not more than
42 hours of machine time and 24 hours of craftsman’s time. If the profit on a racket and on a
bat is ` 20 and ` 10 respectively, find the number of tennis rackets and crickets bats that the
factory must manufacture to earn the maximum profit. Make it as an L.P.P. and solve
graphically.
29. Suppose 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at
random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal
number of males and females.
12. Find the value of a and b such that the following function f(x) is a continuous function:
ì5; x £ 2
ï
f ( x) = í ax + b; 2 < x < 10
ï 21; x ³ 10
îï
13. Solve the following differential equation:
(1 + y 2 ) (1 + log x) dx + xdy = 0
® ® ® ® ® ®
14. If two vectors a and b are such that | a|= 2, | b|= 1 and a × b = 1, then find the value of
® ® ® ®
( 3 a – 5 b ) × ( 2 a + 7 b ).
23. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six.
Find the probability that it is actually a six.
24. Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest perimeter.
246 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
CBSE (Delhi) Set–I
SECTION – A
1. R is not transitive as
(1, 2) Î R , ( 2, 1) Î R But (1, 1) Ï R
[Note : A relation R in a set A is said to be transitive if ( a, b) Î R , (b , c) Î R Þ ( a, c) Î R
" a, b , c Î R]
1
sin -1 æç - ö÷ = q
é 1 é p p ùù
2. Let
è 2ø êëQ - 2 Î [-1, 1] Þ q Î êë - 2 , 2 úû úû
1 p
Þ sin q = - Þ sin q = sin æç - ö÷
2 è 6ø
p p p 1 p
Þ q = - Î é- , ù Þ sin -1 æç - ö÷ = -
ê
6 ë 2 2û ú è 2 ø 6
ép 1 ù é p p ù
Now, sin ê - sin -1 æç - ö÷ ú = sin ê - æç - ö÷ ú
ë3 è 2 øû ë 3 è 6 øû
p p æ 2p + p ö
= sin æç + ö÷ = sin ç ÷
è 3 6ø è 6 ø
3p p
= sin = sin = 1
6 2
i 1
3. Q aij = Þ a 12 = [Here i = 1 and j = 2]
j 2
é5 – x x + 1ù
4. If ê is singular matrix.
ë 2 4 úû
5–x x+1
then =0 [QA square matrix A is called singular if| A| = 0]
2 4
Þ 4 (5 - x) - 2 ( x + 1) = 0
Þ 20 - 4x - 2x - 2 = 0 Þ 18 - 6x = 0
18
Þ 6x = 18 Þ x= =3
6
5. For elementary row operations we write
A = IA
é 2 5 ù é1 0ù
Þ ê1 3ú = ê 0 1 ú . A
ë û ë û
é1 3ù é 0 1 ù
Þ ê 2 5 ú = ê1 0ú . A Applying R 1 « R 2
ë û ë û
Examination Papers – 2011 247
é1 3ù é 0 1ù
Þ ê0 = A Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1
ë -1 úû êë 1 -2úû
é1 0 ù é 3 -5 ù
Þ ê0 = A Applying R 1 ® R 1 + 3R 2
ë -1úû êë 1 -2úû
é1 0 ù é 3 -5 ù
Þ ê0 = A Applying R 2 ® ( -1) R 2
ë 1úû êë -1 2úû
é 3 -5 ù é 3 -5 ù
Þ I=ê A Þ A -1 = ê
ë -1 2úû ë -1 2úû
[Note : B is called inverse of A if AB = BA = 1]
6. ò sec x (sec x + tan x) dx é d 2 ù
= ò sec 2 x dx + ò sec x . tan x dx êQ dx (tan x) = sec x ú
ê ú
= tan x + sec x + C ê and d (sec x) = sec x . tan xú
êë dx úû
dx dx
7. ò x 2 + 16 = ò x 2 + 4 2
1 x é dx 1 x ù
= × tan -1 + C êQ ò x2 + a2 = tan -1 + C ú
4 4 êë a a ûú
8. If 2 i$ - 3 j$ + 4 k$ and ai$ + 6 j$ - 8 k$ are collinear
2 -3 4 2´6 2´-8
then = = Þ a= or a=
a 6 -8 -3 4
Þ a=-4
® ® ® ®
[Note : If a and b are collinear vectors then the respective components of a and b are
proportional.]
9. Direction cosines of vector -2i$ + j$ - 5k$ are
-2 1 -5
, ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
( -2) + 1 + ( -5) ( -2) + 1 + ( -5) ( -2) + 1 2 + ( -5) 2
2
-2 1 -5
, ,
30 30 30
Note : If l, m, n are direction cosine of ai$ + bj$ + ck$ then
a b c
l= , m= , n=
2 2 2 2 2 2
a +b + c a +b + c a + b2 + c2
2
248 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION – B
11. Required operation table of the operation * is given as
* 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 3 3
4 1 2 3 4 4
5 1 2 3 4 5
é 1 + sin x + 1 – sin x ù
12. L.H.S. = cot – 1 ê ú
ê 1 + sin x – 1 – sin x ú
ë û
é 1 + sin x + 1 – sin x 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù
= cot – 1 ê ´ ú
êë 1 + sin x – 1 – sin x 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x úû
é ( 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ) 2 ù
= cot -1 ê ú
êë ( 1 + sin x ) 2 - ( 1 - sin x ) 2 úû
– a 2 ab ac
13. L.H.S. = ba –b 2 bc
ca cb –c2
-a b c
= abc a -b c Taking out factor a, b, c from R 1 , R 2 and R 3 respectively
a b -c
-1 1 1
2 2 2
=a b c 1 -1 1 Taking out factor a, b, c from C 1 , C 2 and C 3 respectively.
1 1 -1
0 0 2
2 2 2
=a b c 1 -1 1 Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2
1 1 -1
2 2 2
= a b c [0 - 0 + 2 (1 + 1)]
= 4a 2 b 2 c 2 = R.H.S.
14. Q f ( x) is continuous at x = 0.
Þ (L.H.L. of f ( x) at x = 0) = (R.H.L. of f ( x) at x = 0) = f ( 0)
Þ lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( 0) …(i)
x ® 0- x ® 0+
p éQ f ( x) = a sin p ( x + 1), if x £ 0ù
Now, lim f ( x) = lim a sin ( x + 1)
x ® 0- x®0 2 êë 2 úû
250 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p p
= lim a sin æç + xö÷
x®0 è2 2 ø
p
= lim a cos x = a . cos 0 = a
x®0 2
tan x - sin x é tan x - sin x ù
lim f ( x) = lim
3 êQ f ( x) = 3
if x > 0ú
x ® 0+ x®0 x ë x û
sin x
- sin x
cos x
= lim
x®0 x3
sin x - sin x . cos x sin x (1 - cos x)
= lim = lim
3
x®0 cos x . x x®0 cos x . x 3
x
2 sin 2
1 sin x 2 éQ 1 - cos x = 2 sin 2 x ù
= lim . lim .
x ® 0 cos x x ® 0 x 2 êë 2 úû
x
´4
4
æ sin x ö2
1 1 ç ÷
= .1 . lim ç 2÷
1 2 x®0 ç x ÷
è 2 ø
æ x ö2
sin
1 ç ÷
2÷ = 1 ´1= 1
= × ç lim
2 çx ® 0 x ÷ 2 2
è2 2 ø
p
Also, f ( 0) = a sin ( 0 + 1)
2
p
= a sin = a
2
1
Putting above values in (i) we get, a =
2
x2 + 1
15. Let y = x x cos x +
x2 - 1
x2 + 1
Let y = u + v where u = x x cos x , v =
x2 - 1
dy du dv
\ = + …(i) [Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x]
dx dx dx
Now, u = x x cos x
Examination Papers – 2011 251
Taking log of both sides we get
log u = log x x cos x Þ log u = x cos x . log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
1 du 1
. = 1 . cos x . log x + ( - sin x) . x log x + . x cos x
u dx x
1 du
. = cos x . log x - x . log x . sin x + cos x
u dx
du
= x x cos x {cos x . log x - x log x sin x + cos x}
dx
x2 + 1
Again, v=
x2 - 1
2 2
dv ( x - 1) . 2x - ( x + 1) . 2x
\ =
dx ( x 2 - 1) 2
3 3
dv 2x - 2x - 2x - 2x -4 x
= =
2 2
dx ( x - 1) ( x - 1) 2
2
du dv
Putting the values of and in (i) we get
dx dx
dy 4x
= x x cos x {cos x . log x - x log x . sin x + cos x} -
dx ( x - 1) 2
2
4x
= x x cos x {cos x . (1 + log x) - x log x . sin x} -
( x - 1) 2
2
OR
Given, x = a (q - sin q)
Differentiating w.r.t. (q) we get
dx
= a (1 - cos q) …(i)
dq
y = a (1 + cos q)
Differentiating w.r.t. q we get
dy
= a ( - sin q) = - a sin q …(ii)
dq
dy
dy dq - a sin q
Now, = = [Putting values from (i) and (ii)]
dx dx a (1 - cos q)
dq
q q
- 2 sin . cos
= 2 2 = - cot q
q 2
2 sin 2
2
252 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
16. Let V, r and h be the volume, radius and height of the sand-cone at time t respectively.
dV
Given, = 12 cm 3 /s
dt
r
h= Þ r=6h
6
1 1
Now, V = pr 2 h Þ V = p 36h 3 = 12ph 3
3 3
Differentiating w.r.t. t we get
dV dh
= 12p. 3h 2 .
dt dt
dh 12 é dV 2 ù
Þ =
dt 36ph 2 êëQ dt = 12 cm / súû
é dh ù 12 1
Þ êë dt úû = = cm/s.
t =4 36p ´ 16 48p
OR
Let required point be ( x 1 , y 1 ) on given curve x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 3 = 0.
Now, equation of curve is
x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 3 = 0
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get
dy dy -2x + 2
2x + 2y . -2=0 Þ =
dx dx 2y
æ dy ö -2 x 1 + 2 - x 1 + 1
Þ ç ÷ = =
è dx ø ( x ,y ) 2y 1 y1
1 1
Since tangent at ( x 1 , y 1 ) is parallel to x-axis.
\ Slope of tangent = 0
æ dy ö -x1 + 1
Þ ç ÷ =0 Þ =0
è dx ø ( x ,y ) y1
1 1
Þ -x1 + 1 = 0 Þ x1 = 1
2 2
Since ( x 1 , y 1 ) lies on given curve x + y - 2x - 3 = 0.
\ x 12 + y 12 - 2x 1 - 3 = 0
Þ 1 2 + y 12 - 2 ´ 1 - 3 = 0 [Q x 1 = 1]
Þ y 12 = 4 Þ y1 = ± 2
Hence, required points are (1, 2) and (1, –2).
æ dy ö
[Note : Slope of tangent at a point ( x 1 , y 1 ) on curve y = f ( x) is ç ÷ ]
è dx ø ( x
1 , y1 )
Examination Papers – 2011 253
d 2
17. Let, 5x + 3 = A ( x + 4x + 10) + B
dx
Þ 5x + 3 = A ( 2x + 4) + B Þ 5x + 3 = 2Ax + ( 4A + B)
Equating coefficient of x and constant, we get
5 5
2A = 5 Þ A= and 4A + B = 3 Þ B = 3 - 4 ´ = - 7
2 2
5
( 2x + 4) - 7
5x + 3
Hence, ò dx = 2 ò dx
x 2 + 4x + 10 x 2 + 4x + 10
5 2x + 4 dx dx
=
2 ò 2
-7 ò 2
x + 4x + 10 x + 4x + 10
5
= I1 - 7I2 …(i)
2
( 2x + 4) dx dx
where I 1 = ò and I 2 = ò
2 2
x + 4x + 10 x + 4x + 10
( 2x + 4) dx
Now, I1 = ò
x 2 + 4x + 10
dz é Let x 2 + 4x + 10 = z ù
=ò = z -1/ 2 dz
z ò
ê ú
êë ( 2x + 4) dx = dzúû
1
- + 1
z 2
= + C1 = 2 z + C1
-1 / 2 + 1
I 1 = 2 x 2 + 4x + 10 + C 1 …(ii)
dx
Again I2 = ò
x 2 + 4x + 10
dx dx
=ò =ò
2
x + 2×2×x + 4 + 6 ( x + 2) 2 + ( 6 ) 2
= log|( x + 2) + ( x + 2) 2 + ( 6 ) 2 | + C 2
5x + 3 5
ò dx = ´ 2 x 2 + 4x + 10 - 7 log|( x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 10| + C
x 2 + 4x + 10 2
é where C = 5 C - 7C ù
ëê 2 1 2ú
û
= 5 x 2 + 4x + 10 - 7 log|( x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 10| + C
OR
2
Let x = z Þ 2x dx = dz
2x dx dz
\ ò ( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 + 3) = ò (z + 1) (z + 3)
1 A B
Now, = + …(i)
(z + 1) (z + 3) z + 1 z + 3
1 A (z + 3) + B (z + 1)
=
(z + 1) (z + 3) (z + 1) (z + 3)
Þ 1 = A (z + 3) + B (z + 1) Þ 1 = ( A + B) z + ( 3A + B)
Equating the coefficient of z and constant, we get
A+B=0 …(ii)
and 3A + B = 1 …(iii)
Substracting (ii) from (iii) we get
1
2A = 1 Þ A =
2
1
\ B=-
2
Putting the values of A and B in (i) we get
1 1 1
= -
(z + 1) (z + 3) 2 (z + 1) 2 (z + 3)
2x dx dz
\ ò ( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 + 3) = ò (z + 1) (z + 3)
æ 1 1 ö 1 dz 1 dz
= òç - ÷ dz = ò - ò
è 2 (z + 1) 2 (z + 3) ø 2 z+1 2 z+ 3
1 1 1 1
= log|z + 1| - log|z + 3| + C = log|x 2 + 1| - log| x 2 + 3|
2 2 2 2
1 x2+ 1 é Note : log m + log n = log m. n ù
= log +C ê and log m - log n = log m / nú
2 x2 + 3 ë û
x2 + 1
= log +C
x2 + 3
Examination Papers – 2011 255
é Let tan x = z ù
Þ y. e tan x = ò z. e z dz + C ê 2 ú
êë Þ sec x dx = dzúû
Þ y. e tan x = z. e z - ò e z dz + C Þ y. e tan x = z. e z - e z + C
®
20. Given a = 3i$ + 2j$ + 2k$
®
b = i$ + 2j$ - 2k$
® ®
\ a + b = 4i$ + 4j$
® ®
a - b = 2i$ + 4k$
256 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ® ® ®
Now, vector perpendicular to ( a + b ) and ( a - b ) is
® ® ® ®
( a + b) ´( a - b)
i$ j$ k$
= 4 4 0
2 0 4
2i$ - 2j$ - k$ æ2 2 k$ ö
=± = ± çç i$ - j$ - ÷÷
9 è3 3 3ø
2$ 2 $ 1 $
=± i + j+ k
3 3 3
21. The equation of given lines can be written in standard form as
x - 2 y - 1 z - ( -3)
= = …(i)
2 7 -3
x - ( -2) y - 4 z - 5
and = = …(ii)
-1 2 4
® ®
If b 1 and b 2 are vectors parallel to lines (i) and (ii) respectively, then
® ®
b 1 = 2i$ + 7 j$ - 3k$ and b 2 = - i$ + 2j$ + 4k$
® ®
Obviously, if q is the angle between lines (i) and (ii) then q is also the angle between b 1 and b 2 .
® ®
b1 .b2
\ cos q =
® ®
|b 1 ||b 2 |
-2 + 14 - 12
= =0
62 . 21
p
Þ q=
2
Angle between both lines is 90°.
Hence, given lines are perpendicular to each other.
22. Let A and B be the events that the problem is solved independently by A and B respectively.
1 1
\ P ( A) = and P ( B) =
2 3
\ P ( A ¢) = Probability of event that the problem is not solved by A
= 1 - P ( A)
1 1
=1- =
2 2
P ( B ¢) = Probability of event that the problem is not solved by B
= 1 - P ( B)
1 2
=1- =
3 3
(i) P (event that the problem is not solved) = P (event that the problem is not solved by A and B)
= P ( A ¢ Ç B ¢)
= P ( A ¢) ´ P ( B ¢) [Q A and B are independent events]
1 2 1
= ´ =
2 3 3
\ P (event that the problem is solved) = 1 - P (event that the problem is not solved)
1 2
=1- =
3 3
(ii) P (event that exactly one of them solves the problem)
= P (solved by A and not solved by B or not solved by A and solved by B)
= P ( A Ç B ¢) + P ( A ¢ Ç B)
= P ( A) ´ P( B ¢) + P ( A ¢) ´ P ( B)
1 2 1 1 1 1 1
= ´ + ´ = + =
2 3 2 3 3 6 2
[Note : If A and B are independent events of same experiment then
(i) A ¢ and B are independent (ii) A and B ¢ are independent (iii) A ¢ and B ¢ are independent]
258 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION – C
1 1 1
23. Let = u, = v, = w
x y z
Now the given system of linear equation may be written as
2u + 3v + 10w = 4, 4u - 6v + 5w = 1 and 6u + 9v - 20w = 2
Above system of equation can be written in matrix form as
AX = B Þ X = A -1 B …(i)
é2 3 10ù é uù é 4ù
where A = ê 4 -6 5 , X = v , B = ê 1ú
ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 6 9 -20úû êëw úû êë 2úû
2 3 10
| A| = 4 -6 5 = 2 (120 - 45) - 3 ( -80 - 30) + 10 ( 36 + 36)
6 9 -20
é 75 150 75ù
1 1 ê
\ A -1
= . adj. A = 110 -100 30ú
| A| 1200 ê ú
êë 72 0 -24úû
éuù é 600ù
Þ êv ú = 1 ê 400ú
ê ú 1200 ê ú
êëw úû êë 240úû
é u ù é1 / 2 ù
Þ ê v ú = ê1 / 3ú
ê ú ê ú
êëw úû êë 1 / 5 úû
Equating the corresponding elements of matrix we get
1 1 1
u= ,v= ,w = Þ x = 2, y = 3, z = 5
2 3 5
OR
é 1 3 -2 ù
Let A = ê -3 0 -1 ú
ê ú
êë 2 1 0úû
For finding the inverse, using elementary row operation we write
A = IA
é 1 3 -2 ù é 1 0 0 ù
Þ ê -3 0 -1 ú = ê 0 1 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 2 1 0úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 + 3R 1 and R 3 ® R 3 - 2R 1 , we get
é1 3 -2 ù é 1 0 0ù
Þ ê 0 ú
9 -7 = 3 ê 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -5 4úû êë -2 0 1úû
1
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2
3
é1 0 1 / 3ù é 0 -1 / 3 0 ù
Þ ê0 9 -7 ú = ê 3 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -5 4úû êë -2 0 1úû
1
Applying R 2 ® R 2
9
é1 0 1 / 3ù é 0 -1 / 3 0ù
Þ ê0 1 -7 / 9ú = ê1 / 3 1/9 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -5 4 úû êë -2 0 1úû
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + 5R 2
é1 0 1 / 3ù é 0 -1 / 3 0ù
Þ ê 0 1 -7 / 9 ú = ê 1 / 3 1/9 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 / 9úû êë -1 / 3 5/9 1úû
260 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - 3R 3 , R 2 ® R 2 + 7 R 3
é1 0 0 ù é 1 -2 -3 ù
Þ ê 0 1 ú
0 = ê -2 4 7ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 / 9úû êë -1 / 3 5/9 1úû
Applying R 3 ® 9R 3
é1 0 0ù é 1 -2 -3 ù é 1 -2 -3 ù
Þ ê0 1 0 ú = ê -2 4 7ú A Þ I = ê -2 4 7ú A
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1úû êë -3 5 9úû êë -3 5 9úû
é 1 -2 -3 ù
Hence, A -1
= ê -2 4 7ú
ê ú
êë -3 5 9úû
24. Let x and y be the length and breadth of a rectangle inscribed in a circle of radius r. If A be the
area of rectangle then
A = x. y
A = x . 4r 2 - x 2
éQ DABC is right angled triangle
dA 1 ê
Þ = x. ´ ( -2x) + 4r 2 - x 2 2 2
ê Þ 4r = x + y
2
dx 2
2 4r - x 2
ê 2 2 2
ê Þ y = 4r - x
dA 2x 2 ê
=- + 4r 2 - x 2 êë Þ y = 4r 2 - x 2 …(i)
dx 2
2 4r - x 2
2 2 2
dA - x + 4r - x
=
dx 4r 2 - x 2 D C
2 2 r
dA 4r - 2x O y
=
dx 4r 2 - x 2 r
dA A x B
For maximum or minimum, =0
dx
4r 2 - 2x 2
Þ =0 Þ 2x 2 = 4r 2 Þ x = 2r
2 2
4r - x
1 ´ - 2x
4r 2 - x 2 .( -4x) - ( 4r 2 - 2x 2 ) .
d2A 2 4r 2 - x 2
Now, =
dx 2 ( 4r 2 - x 2 ) 2
-4x ( 4r 2 - x 2 ) + x ( 4r 2 - 2x 2 ) x {-16r 2 + 4x 2 + 4r 2 - 2x 2 }
= =
( 4r 2 - x 2 ) 3 / 2 ( 4r 2 - x 2 ) 3 / 2
Examination Papers – 2011 261
x ( -12r 2 + 2x 2 )
=
( 4r 2 - x 2 ) 3 / 2
é d2Aù 2r ( -12r 2 + 2.2r 2 )
ê 2ú =
êë dx úû x = 2r ( 4r 2 - 2r 2 ) 3 / 2
2r ´ - 8r 2 -8 2r 3
= = =-4<0
( 2r 2 ) 3 / 2 2 2r 3
Hence, A is maximum when x = 2r.
Putting x = 2r in (i) we get
y = 4r 2 - 2r 2 = 2r
i.e., x = y = 2r
Therefore, Area of rectangle is maximum when x = y i.e., rectangle is square.
25. The given lines are
14 –
y = 2x + 1 …(i) 13 – B (4, 13)
+1
y = 3x + 1 …(ii) 12 –
2x
11 –
+1
x=4 …(iii)
y=
10 –
3x
9–
For intersection point of (i) and (iii) C
y=
8–
(4, 9)
y= 2´ 4+1= 9 7–
6–
Coordinates of intersecting point of (i) and (iii) is (4, 9) 5– x=4
4–
For intersection point of (ii) and (iii) 3–
2–
y = 3 ´ 4 + 1 = 13 (0, 1)1 – A D
| | | | | |
i.e., Coordinates of intersection point of (ii) and (iii) is (4, 13)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
For intersection point of (i) and (ii)
2x + 1 = 3x + 1 Þ x=0
\ y=1
i.e., Coordinates of intersection point of (i) and (ii) is (0, 1).
Shaded region is required triangular region.
\ Required Area = Area of trapezium OABD - Area of trapezium OACD
4 4
= ò ( 3x + 1) dx - ò ( 2x + 1) dx
0 0
4 4
é x2 ù é 2x 2 ù
= ê3 + xú - ê + xú
êë 2 úû 0 êë 2 úû 0
= [( 24 + 4) - 0] - [(16 + 4) - 0] = 28 - 20
= 8 sq. units
262 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p/ 2
26. Let I = 2 ò sin x . cos x . tan -1 (sin x) dx
0
1
é z2 ù 1 1 z2
= 2 ê tan -1 z . ú - 2 ò . dz
êë 2 úû
0
0
1 + z2 2
p 1 2 1 z2
= 2 é . - 0ù - ò0 dz
êë 4 2 úû 2
1 + z2
2
p 1 1+z -1 p 1 1 dz
= -ò dz = - ò dz + ò
2
4 0
1+z 4 0 0
1 + z2
p p p p
= - [z]10 + [tan -1 z] 10 = - 1 + é - 0ù = - 1
4 4 êë 4 úû 2
OR
p/ 2
x sin x cos x
Let I= ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx
0
æ p - xö . sin æ p - xö . cos æ p - xö
p/ 2 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ é By Property
è2 ø è2 ø è2 ø
Þ I= ò dx ê a a
p p ê ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx
0 sin 4 æç - xö÷ + cos 4 æç - xö÷ ë0 0
è2 ø è2 ø
æ p - xö cos x . sin x
p/ 2 ç ÷
è2 ø
Þ I= ò cos 4 x + sin 4 x
dx
0
p/ 2 p/ 2
p cos x . sin x x sin x . cos x
Þ I=
2 ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx - ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx
0 0
p/ 2
p sin x . cos x dx
Þ I=
2 ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
-I
0
Examination Papers – 2011 263
sin x . cos x
dx
p/ 2 p/ 2
p sin x . cos x dx
p cos 4 x
Þ 2I =
2 ò 4 4
=
sin x + cos x 2
ò tan 4 x + 1
0 0
Normal
Normal
20 –
x 0 28
16 –
y 14 0 (0, 14) B
12 – C(4, 12)
\ Graph for 1 × 5x + 3y £ 42 is the
8–
part of Ist quadrant which contains the
origin. 4–
A (28, 0)
Graph for 3x + y £ 24 x-axis
–
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Graph of 3x + y = 24 (8, 0)
x 0 8
y 24 0
Therefore, maximum profit is ` 200, when factory makes 4 tennis rackets and 12 cricket bats.
29. Let E1 , E2 and A be event such that
E1 = Selecting male person
E2 = Selecting women (female person)
A = Selecting grey haired person.
1 1
Then P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) =
2 2
æAö 5 æ A ö 0 × 25
Pç ÷= , Pç ÷=
è E1 ø 100 è E2 ø 100
æE ö
Here, required probability is P ç 1 ÷ .
èAø
æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
\ P ç 1÷ =
èAø æAö æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷ + P (E2 ) . P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø
1 5
´
E
æ ö 2 100 5 500 20
\ P ç 1÷ = = = =
èAø 1 5 1 0 × 25 5 + 0 × 25 525 21
´ + ´
2 100 2 100
266 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
= ò tan 2 x dx = ò (sec 2 x - 1) dx
= ò sec 2 x dx - ò dx = tan x - x + c
15. The equation of parabola having vertex at origin and axis along +ve y-axis is
x 2 = 4ay …(i) where a is parameters.
dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get, 2x = 4a .
dx
é dy ù
i.e., x = 2ay ¢ ê where y¢ = dx ú
ë û
x
Þ a=
2y ¢
x
Putting a = in (i) we get
2y ¢
x
x2 = 4 . .y
2y ¢
2y
Þ y¢ = Þ xy ¢ = 2y
x
Þ xy ¢ - 2y = 0
It is required differential equation.
16. Given two vectors are
® ®
a = 2i$ + 3j$ - k$ and b = i$ - 2j$ + k$
® ® ®
If c is the resultant vector of a and b then
® ® ®
c = a +b
Examination Papers – 2011 267
= 5a - 2b
lim f (1) = lim 3ax + b [Q f ( x) = 3ax + b if x > 1]
x ® 1+ x®1
= 3a + b
Also, f (1) = 11
Putting these values in (i) we get
5a - 2b = 3a + b = 11
Þ 5a - 2b = 11 …(ii)
3a + b = 11 …(iii)
On solving (ii) and (iii), we get
a = 3, b = 2
x y z
20. L.H.S. = x 2 y2 z2
x3 y3 z3
1 1 1
= xyz x y z [Taking x, y, z common from C 1 , C 2 , C 3 respectively]
2 2 2
x y z
1 0 0
= xyz x y-x z-x C 2 ® C 2 - C 1, C 3 ® C 3 - C 1
x2 y -x2 2
z -x2 2
268 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æE ö
P ç 2 ÷ is required.
èAø
æAö
P (E2 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E2 ø
By Baye’s theorem, Pç 2÷=
èAø æAö æAö
P (E1 ). P ç ÷ + P (E2 ) . P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø
1 5 5
´
= 2 11 = 11
1 3 1 5 3 5
´ + ´ +
2 7 2 11 7 11
5 77 35
= ´ =
11 68 68
29. Let the length and breadth of rectangle be x and y.
If A and P are the area and perimeter of rectangle respectively then
A = x.y and P = 2 ( x + y)
P æQ y = P - xö
Þ A = x æç - xö÷ ç ÷
è2 ø è 2 ø
P dA P
Þ x - x2
A= Þ = - 2x
2 dx 2
For maximum and minimum of A.
dA
=0
dx
P P
Þ - 2x = 0 Þ x=
2 4
Examination Papers – 2011 269
d2A
Again =-2
dx 2
æ d2Aö
Þ ç ÷ =0
ç 2÷
è dx ø x = P
4
P
Hence, A is maximum for x =
4
P P P
\ y= - =
2 4 4
P
Therefore, for largest area of rectangle x = y = i.e., with given perimeter, rectangle having
4
largest area must be square.
1 1 1
= (5x + 4) 2x x+4 2x [Taking (5x + 4) common from R 1 ]
2x 2x x+4
1 0 0
C2 ® C2 - C1
= (5x + 4) 2x 4-x 0
C 3 ® C 3 - C1
2x 0 4-x
lim f ( x) = lim 5 [Q f ( x) = 5 if x £ 2]
x ® 2- x®2
=5
lim f ( x) = lim ax + b [Q f ( x) = ax + b if x > 2]
x ® 2+ x®2
= 2a + b
f ( 2) = 5
Putting these values in (i) we get
2a + b = 5 …(iii)
Again lim f ( x) = lim ax + b [Q f ( x) = ax + b if x < 10]
x ® 10 - x ® 10
= 10a + b
lim f ( x) = lim 21 [Q f ( x) = 21 if x > 10]
x ® 10 + x ® 10
= 21
f (10) = 21
Putting these values in (ii) we get
10a + b = 21 = 21
Þ 10a + b = 21 …(iv)
Substracting (iii) from (iv) we get
Examination Papers – 2011 271
10a + b = 21
_ 2a ± b = _ 5
8a = 16
a=2
\ b =5- 2´ 2=1
a = 2, b = 1
13. (1 + y 2 ) (1 + log x) dx + xdy = 0
x dy = - (1 + y 2 ) (1 + log x) dx
dy 1 + log x
Þ =- dx
2 x
1+y
Integrating both sides we get
dy 1 + log x
ò 1 + y2 =-ò
x
dx
é Let 1 + log x = zù
Þ tan -1 y = - ò z dz ê 1 ú
ê dx = dz ú
ë x û
z2
Þ tan -1 y = - +c
2
1
Þ tan -1 y = - (1 + log x) 2 + c
2
® ® ® ®
14. Given | a | = 2,| b | = 1 and a . b = 1
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Now, ( 3 a - 5 b ) .( 2 a + 7 b ) = 3 a . 2 a + 3 a . 7 b - 5 b . 2 a - 5 b . 7 b
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= 6 a . a + 21 a . b - 10 b . a - 35 b . b
® ® ® ®
= 6| a |2 + 11 a . b - 35| b |2
= 6 ( 2) 2 + 11 ´ 1 - 35 (1) 2
= 24 + 11 - 35 = 0
® ® ® ® ® ®
[Note : a . a =| a |.| a |cos 0° =| a |2 ´ 1 =| a |2
Also, scalar product of vectors is commutative
® ® ® ®
\ a .b = b . a
23. Let E1 , E2 and A be event such that
E1 = Occurring six on die.
E2 = Not occurring six on die.
A = Reporting six by man on die.
272 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 5
Here P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) =
6 6
æAö
P ç ÷ = P (Speaking truth i.e., man reports six on die when six has occurred on the die)
è E1 ø
3
=
4
æAö
P ç ÷ = P (Not speaking truth i.e., man report six on die when six has not occurred on die)
è E2 ø
3 1
=1- =
4 4
æE ö
Required probability is P ç 1 ÷ .
èAø
æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
By Baye’s theorem, P ç 1 ÷ =
èAø æAö æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷ + P (E2 ) . P ç ÷
E
è 1ø è E2 ø
1 3
´
6 4 3 24 3
= = ´ =
1 3 5 1 24 3 + 5 8
´ + ´
6 4 6 4
24. Let x, y be the length and breadth of rectangle whose area is A and perimeter is P.
\ P = 2 ( x + y)
éQ A = x. yù
A
Þ P = 2 æç x + ö÷ ê A ú
è xø ê y= ú
ë x û
For maximum or minimum value of perimeter P
dP æ Aö
= 2 ç1 - ÷=0
dx è x2 ø
A
Þ 1- =0 Þ x2 = A
x2
Þ x= A [Dimensions of rectangle is always positive]
2
d P æ -1 ö 2 A
Now, = 2 ç0 - A ´ ÷=
2
dx è x3 ø x3
é d2P ù 2a
\ ê 2ú = >0
êë dx úû x = A ( A) 3
i.e., for x = A , P (perimeter of rectangle) is smallest.
A A
\ y= = = A
x A
Hence, for smallest perimeter, length and breadth of rectangle are equal ( x = y = A ) i. e. ,
rectangle is square.
EXAMINATION PAPERS –2011
CBSE (All India) Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let f = {(1, 4), (2,5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. State
whether f is one-one or not.
2p 2p ö
2. What is the principal value of cos – 1 æç cos ö÷ + sin – 1 æç sin ÷?
è 3ø è 3ø
3. Evaluate:
cos 15° sin 15°
sin 75° cos 75°
é2 3ù
4. If A = ê , write A–1 in terms of A.
ë5 – 2úû
dx
7. Evaluate: ò
1 – x2
8. Write the direction-cosines of the line joining the points (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 1).
9. Write the projection of the vector i$ – j$ on the vector i$ + j$.
x–5 y+4 z– 6
10. Write the vector equation of the line given by = = .
3 7 2
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Let f : R® R be defined as f ( x) = 10x + 7. Find the function g : R® R
such that gof = fog = I R .
OR
A binary operation * on the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined as:
274 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
ì a + b, if a + b < 6
a *b =í
î a + b – 6, if a + b ³ 6
Show that zero is the identity for this operation and each element ‘a’ of the set is invertible
with 6–a, being the inverse of ‘a’.
12. Prove that:
é 1 + x - 1 - xù p 1 1
tan – 1 ê –1
ú = – cos x, – £ x £1
ë 1 + x + 1 – x û 4 2 2
13. Using properties of determinants, solve the following for x:
x – 2 2x – 3 3x – 4
x – 4 2x – 9 3x – 16 = 0
x – 8 2x – 27 3x – 64
14. Find the relationship between ‘a’ and ’b’ so that the function ‘f’ defined by:
ì ax + 1, if x £ 3
f ( x) = í is continuous at x = 3 .
îbx + 3, if x > 3
OR
dy log x
If x y = e x – y , show that = .
dx {log ( xe)} 2
4 sin q p
15. Prove that y = – q is an increasing function in é 0, ù.
( 2 + cos q) ê
ë 2 úû
OR
If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm with an error of 0.03 cm, then find the
approximate error in calculating its surface area.
1
16. If x = tan æç log yö÷, show that
èa ø
d2y dy
(1 + x 2 ) + ( 2x – a) =0
2 dx
dx
p/ 2
x + sin x
17. Evaluate: ò 1 + cos x
dx
0
18. Solve the following differential equation:
x dy – y dx = x 2 + y 2 dx
19. Solve the following differential equation:
dx
( y + 3x 2 ) =x.
dy
20. Using vectors, find the area of the triangle with vertices A (1, 1, 2), B (2, 3, 5) and C (1, 5, 5).
Examination Papers – 2011 275
21. Find the shortest distance between the following lines whose vector equations are:
® ®
r = (1 – t) i$ + (t – 2) j$ + ( 3 – 2t) k$ and r = ( s + 1) i$ + ( 2s – 1) j$ – ( 2s + 1) k$ .
22. A random variable X has the following probability distribution:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P (X) 0 K 2K 2K 3K K2 2K 2 7K 2 + K
Determine:
(i) K (ii) P (X < 3) (iii) P (X > 6) (iv) P (0 < X < 3)
OR
Find the probability of throwing at most 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single die.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
4x + 3y + 3z = 60, x + 2y + 3z = 45 and 6x + 2y + 3z = 70
24. Show that the right-circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has an altitude
equal to 2 times the radius of the base.
OR
A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the
perimeter of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the
largest area of the window.
p/ 3
dx
25. Evaluate: ò 1 + tan x
p/ 6
OR
6x + 7
Evaluate: ò dx
( x – 5) ( x – 4)
26. Sketch the graph of y =|x + 3| and evaluate the area under the curve y =| x + 3| above x-axis
and between x = – 6 to x = 0.
27. Find the distance of the point (–1, –5, –10), from the point of intersection of the line
® ®
r = ( 2i$ – j$ + 2k) + l ( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$) and the plane r .(i$ – j$ + k$) = 5.
28. Given three identical boxes I, II and III each containing two coins. In box I, both coins are
gold coins, in box II, both are silver coins and in box III, there is one gold and one silver coin.
A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is the
probability that the other coin in the box is also of gold?
29. A merchant plans to sell two types of personal computers — a desktop model and a portable
model that will cost ` 25,000 and ` 40,000 respectively. He estimates that the total monthly
demand of computers will not exceed 250 units. Determine the number of units of each type
of computers which the merchant should stock to get maximum profit if he does not want to
invest more than ` 70 lakhs and his profit on the desktop model is ` 4,500 and on the portable
model is ` 5,000. Make an L.P.P. and solve it graphically.
276 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ®
2. Write the angle between two vectors a and b with magnitudes 3 and 2 respectively having
® ®
a × b = 6.
1 1 1 p
11. Prove that : tan –1 æç ö÷ + tan –1 æç ö÷ + tan –1 æç ö÷ =
è 2ø è5 ø è 8ø 4
Examination Papers – 2011 277
Solutions
CBSE (All India) Set–I
f
SECTION – A
1. f is one-one because 1 4
2 5
f (1) = 4 ; f ( 2) = 5 ; f ( 3) = 6
3 6
No two elements of A have same f image. 7
2p ö 2p ö 2p ö æ p ö é 2p æ p p ö ù
2. cos -1 æç cos ÷ + sin -1 æç sin ÷ = cos -1 æç cos ÷ + sin -1 ç sin æç p - ö÷ ÷ Q Ï ç- , ÷
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø è è 3 ø ø êë 3 è 2 2 ø úû
2p ö p
= cos -1 æç cos ÷ + sin -1 æç sin ö÷
è 3ø è 3ø
2p p
= +
3 3
é Note : By Property of inverse functions ù
ê ú
3p p p
= =p ê sin -1 (sin x) = x if x Î é - , ù ú
3 ê ëê 2 2 ûú ú
ê -1 ú
ë and cos (cos x) = x if x Î [0, p] û
3. Expanding the determinant, we get
cos 15° . cos 75° - sin 15° . sin 75°
= cos (15° + 75° ) = cos 90° = 0
[Note : cos ( A + B) = cos A . cos B - sin . sin B]
278 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
é2 3ù
4. A = ê
ë5 -2úû
2 3
\ | A| = = - 4 - 15 = - 19 ¹ 0
5 -2
Þ A is invertible matrix.
Here, C 11 = - 2, C 12 = - 5, C 21 = - 3, C 22 = 2
é -2 -5 ù T é -2 -3 ù
\ adj A = ê =ê
ë -3 2úû ë -5 2 û
ú
1
\ A -1 = . adj A
| A|
1 é -2 -3 ù 1 é2 3ù
= ê -5 =
-19 ë 2úû 19 ê5
ë -2úû
1
= A [Note : Cij is cofactor aij of A = [aij ] ]
19
5. Possible orders are 1 ´ 5 and 5 ´ 1.
3
6. ò ( ax + b) dx
Let ax + b = z
dz
adx = dz Þ dx =
a
3 dz
\ ò ( ax + b) dx = ò z 3 .
a
1 z4 1
= +c= ( ax + b) 4 + c
a 4 4a
dx d 1
7. ò = sin -1 x + c. Because (sin -1 x) = .
1-x 2 dx 1 - x2
SECTION – B
11. Q gof = fog = I R
Þ fog = I R
Þ fog ( x) = I ( x)
Þ f ( g( x)) = x [Q I ( x) = x being identity function]
Þ 10 ( g( x)) + 7 = x [Q f ( x) = 10x + 7]
x-7
Þ g( x) =
10
x-7
i.e., g : R ® R is a function defined as g( x) = .
10
OR
For Identity Element :
Let a be an arbitrary element of set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Now, a*0= a+ 0= a …(i)
0*a= 0+ a= a …(ii) [Q a + 0 = 0 + a < 6 " a Î {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}]
Eq. (i) and (ii) Þ a * 0 = 0 * a = a "a Î {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Hence, 0 is identity for binary operation * .
For Inverse :
Let a be an arbitrary element of set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Now, a * ( 6 - a) = a + ( 6 - a) - 6 [Q a + ( 6 - a) ³ 6]
280 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
=a+6-a-6
= 0 (identity) …(i)
Also, ( 6 - a) * a = ( 6 - a) + a - 6 [Q a + ( 6 - a) ³ 6]
=6-a+a-6
= 0 (identity) …(ii)
Eq. (i) and (ii) Þ a * ( 6 - a) = ( 6 - a) * a = 0 (identity) " a Î {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Hence, each element ‘a’ of given set is invertible with inverse 6 - a.
12. Let x = sin q éQ - 1 £ x £ 1 ù
-1 ê 2 ú
Þ q = sin x ê ú
æ pö p
ê Þ sin çè - ÷ø £ sin q £ sin ú
é 1 + x - 1 - xù ê 4 2 ú
Now, tan -1 ê ú êÞ q Î é- p , p ù ú
ë 1 + x + 1 - xû êë êë 4 2 úû úû
é 1+x - 1-x 1 + x - 1 - xù
= tan -1 ê ´ ú
ë 1+x + 1-x 1 + x - 1 - xû
é ( 1 + x - 1 - x) 2 ù
= tan -1 ê ú
2 2
êë ( 1 + x ) - ( 1 - x ) úû
é ( 1 + x) 2 + ( 1 - x) 2 - 2 . 1 + x . 1 - x ù
= tan -1 ê ú
êë 1+ x-1+ x úû
é1 + x + 1 - x - 2 1 - x 2 ù é1 - 1 - x 2 ù
= tan -1 ê ú = tan -1 ê ú
ê 2x ú ê x ú
ë û ë û
é 1 - 1 - sin 2 q ù é 1 - cos q ù
= tan -1 ê ú = tan -1 ê ú
ê sin q ú ë sin q û
ë û
æ 2 sin 2 q ö
-1
ç 2 ÷ = tan -1 æç tan q ö÷
= tan ç
q q÷ è 2ø
ç 2 sin . cos ÷
è 2 2 ø
q 1 -1
= = sin x
2 2
é Q sin -1 x + cos -1 x = p ù
=
1 æç p - cos -1 xö÷ ê 2 ú
2 è2 ø ê é 1 ù ú
ê and x Î ëê - 2 , 1ûú Ì [-1, 1]ú
ë û
Examination Papers – 2011 281
x – 2 2x – 3 3x – 4
13. Given, x – 4 2x – 9 3x – 16 = 0
x – 8 2x – 27 3x – 64
x– 2 1 2
C 2 ® C 2 - 2C 1
Þ x– 4 -1 -4 = 0
C 3 ® C 3 - 3C 1
x– 8 -11 -40
x– 2 1 2
R2 ® R2 - R1
Þ -2 -2 -6 = 0
R 3 ® R 3 - R1
–6 -12 -42
expanding along R 1 we get
Þ ( x - 2) ( 84 - 72) - 1 ( 84 - 36) + 2 ( 24 - 12) = 0
Þ 12x - 24 - 48 + 24 = 0 Þ 12x = 48
Þ x=4
14. Since, f ( x) is continuous at x = 3.
Þ lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( 3) …(i)
x ® 3- x ® 3+
é Let x = 3 - h
Now, lim f ( x) = lim f ( 3 - h) êx ® 3 - Þ h ® 0
x ® 3- h®0 ë
= lim a ( 3 - h) + 1 [Q f ( x) = ax + 1 " x £ 3]
h®0
= lim 3a - ah + 1 = 3a + 1
h®0
é Let x = 3 + h ù
lim f ( x) = lim f ( 3 + h) ê + ú
x ® 3+ h®0 ë x ® 3 Þ h ® 0û
= lim b ( 3 + h) + 3 [Q f ( x) = bx + 3 " x > 3]
h®0
= 3b + 3
From (i) , 3a + 1 = 3b + 3
3a - 3b = 2
2
a-b = or 3a - 3b = 2 which is the required relation.
3
OR
y x-y
Given, x =e
Taking log of both sides
Þ log x y = log e x - y
282 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p/ 2 x dx p/ 2 sin x
where I 1 = ò and I 2 = ò dx
0 1 + cos x 0 1 + cos x
p/ 2 x dx
Now, I1 = ò
0 1 + cos x
p/ 2 x dx 1 p/ 2 x
=ò = ò0 x . sec 2 dx
0 x 2 2
2 cos 2
2
1 éì xü p / 2 p/ 2 x ù
= êí 2 x . tan ý -2ò tan dxú [Q ò sec 2 x dx = tan x + c]
0
2 ëî 2þ 0 2 û
p/ 2
p ì x ü
= ìí . 1 - 0üý - í 2 log sec ý [Q ò tan x dx = log sec x + c]
î2 þ î 2 þ0
p ì p ü
= - 2 í log sec - log sec 0ý [Q log 1 = 0]
2 î 4 þ
p
= - log ( 2 ) 2
2
p
I 1 = - log 2
2
p / 2 sin x dx
Again, I2 = ò
0 1 + cos x
p p
Let 1 + cos x = z Also, if x = , z = 1 + cos = 1 + 0 = 1
2 2
- sin x dx = dz if x = 0, z = 1 + 1 = 2
Þ sin x dx = - dz
1 - dz
\ I2 = ò
2 z
2 dz éQ b f ( x) dx = - a f ( x) dx ù
=ò
1 z êë òa òb úû
2
= [ log z]1
= log 2 - log 1 = log 2
Puting the values of I 1 and I 2 in (i), we get
p / 2 x + sin x p p
ò0 1 + cos x dx = 2 - log 2 + log 2 = 2
18. Given x dy - y dx = x 2 + y 2 dx
2 2
dy y + x + y
Þ x dy = ( y + x 2 + y 2 ) dx Þ =
dx x
Examination Papers – 2011 285
y + x2 + y2
Let F ( x, y) =
x
l y + l2 x 2 + l2 y 2
\ F ( lx, ly) =
lx
l {y + x 2 + y 2 }
= = l° . F ( x, y)
lx
Þ F( x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree zero.
2 2
dy y + x + y
Now, =
dx x
Let y = vx
dy dv
Þ =v + x.
dx dx
Putting above value, we have
2 2 2
dv vx + x + v x
v + x. =
dx x
dv dv
Þ v + x. = v + 1 + v2 Þ x. = 1 + v2
dx dx
dx dv
Þ =
x 1 + v2
Integrating both sides, we get
dx dv
ò x =ò
1 + v2
é ù
dx
Þ log x + log c = log|v + 1 + v 2 | êQ
ò = log| x + x 2 + a 2 | + c ú
ê x2 + a2 ú
ë û
y y2
Þ cx = v + 1 + v 2 Þ cx = + 1+
x x2
y x2 + y2
Þ cx = + Þ cx 2 = y + x 2 +`y 2
x x
2 dx
19. ( y + 3x ) =x
dy
2
dy y + 3x dy y
Þ = Þ = + 3x
dx x dx x
286 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy æ 1 ö
Þ + ç - ÷ . y = 3x
dx è x ø
dy
It is in the form of + Py = Q
dx
1
Here P = - and Q = 3x
x
1
P dx ò - dx
\ I.F. = e ò =e x
1
log 1
- log x
=e =e x = [Q e log z = z]
x
Hence, general solution is
1 1
y. = ò 3x . dx + c [General solution y ´ 1. F = ò Q ´ I . F . dx + C]
x x
y
Þ = 3x + c
x
Þ y = 3x 2 + cx
20. Given, A º (1, 1, 2); B º ( 2, 3, 5) ; C º (1, 5, 5)
®
\ AB = ( 2 - 1) i$ + ( 3 - 1) j$ + (5 - 2) k$
®
AB = i$ + 2j$ + 3k$
®
AC = (1 - 1) i$ + (5 - 1) j$ + (5 - 2) k$
= 0. i$ + 4j$ + 3k$
1 ® ®
\ The area of required triangle = | AB ´ AC|
2
$i j$ k$
® ®
AB ´ AC = 1 2 3
0 4 3
= {( 6 - 12) i$ - ( 3 - 0) j$ + ( 4 - 0) k$}
= - 6i$ - 3j$ + 4k$
® ®
\ | AB ´ AC| = ( -6) 2 + ( -3) 2 + ( 4) 2 = 61
1 61
\ Required area = 61 = sq. units.
2 2
21. The given equation of lines may be written as
®
r = (i$ - 2j$ + 3k$) + t ( -i$ + j$ - 2k$) …(i)
®
r = (i$ - j$ - k$) + s (i$ + 2j$ - 2k$) …(ii)
Examination Papers – 2011 287
® ® ® ® ® ®
Comparing given equation (i) and (ii) with r = a 1 + l b 1 and r = a 2 + l b 2 , we get
® ®
a 1 = i$ - 2j$ + 3k$ , b 1 = - i$ + j$ - 2k$
® ®
a 2 = i$ - j$ - k$ , b 2 = i$ + 2j$ - 2k$
® ®
a 2 - a 1 = j$ - 4k$
i$ j$ k$
® ®
b 1 ´ b 2 = -1 1 -2
1 2 -2
= ( -2 + 4) i$ - ( 2 + 2) j$ + ( -2 - 1) k$
= 2i$ - 4j$ - 3k$
® ®
\ |b 1 ´ b 2 | = 2 2 + ( -4) 2 + ( -3) 2 = 29
® ®
( a 2 - a 1 ) .(b 1 ´ b 2 )
\ Required shortest distance = ® ®
|b 1 ´ b 2 |
\ 0 + k + 2k + 2k + 3k + k 2 + 2k 2 + 7 k 2 + k = 1
Þ 10k 2 + 9k - 1 = 0
Þ 10k 2 + 10k - k - 1 = 0 Þ
10k ( k + 1) - 1 ( k + 1) = 0
1
Þ ( k + 1) (10k - 1) = 0 Þ k = - 1 and k =
10
But k can never be negative as probability is never negative.
1
\ k=
10
Now,
1
(i) k =
10
(ii) P (X < 3) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
3
= 0 + k + 2k = 3k = .
10
288 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
(iii) P (X > 6) = P (X = 7) = 7 k 2 + k
1 1 17
=7 ´ + =
100 10 100
(iv) P ( 0 < X < 3) = P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
3
= k + 2k = 3k = .
10
OR
The repeated throws of a die are Bernoulli trials.
Let X denotes the number of sixes in 6 throws of die.
Obviously, X has the binomial distribution with n = 6
1 1 5
and p= , q=1- =
6 6 6
where p is probability of getting a six
and q is probability of not getting a six
Now, Probability of getting at most 2 sixes in 6 throws = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
= 6 C 0 . p 0 . q 6 + 6 C 1 p 1 q5 + 6 C 2 p 2 q 4
5 6 6 ! 1 æ 5 ö5 6 ! æ1 ö2 æ5 ö4
= æç ö÷ + . .ç ÷ + . ç ÷ .ç ÷
è 6ø 1 !5 ! 6 è 6ø 2 ! 4 ! è 6ø è 6ø
5 6 1 5 5 6 ´ 5 æ1 ö2 æ5 ö4
= æç ö÷ + 6 . æç ö÷ + ´ ç ÷ .ç ÷
è 6ø 6 è 6ø 2 è 6ø è 6ø
5 4 é 25 + 5 + 5 ù
= æç ö÷
è 6ø êë 36 6 12 úû
5 4 25 + 30 + 15 æ 5 ö 4 70
= æç ö÷ ´ =ç ÷ ´
è 6ø 36 è 6ø 36
21875
=
23328
SECTION – C
23. The system can be written as
AX = B Þ X = A -1 B …(i)
é4 3 2ù é xù é 60ù
where A = ê 1 2 3ú , X = ê yú and B = ê 45ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 6 2 3úû êë z úû êë 70 úû
| A| = 4 ( 6 - 6) - 3 ( 3 - 18) + 2 ( 2 - 12)
= 0 + 45 - 20 = 25 ¹ 0
Examination Papers – 2011 289
For adj A
A11 = 6 - 6 = 0 A21 = - ( 9 - 4) = - 5 A 31 = ( 9 - 4) = 5
A12 = - ( 3 - 18) = 15 A22 = (12 - 12) = 0 A 32 = - (12 - 2) = - 10
A13 = ( 2 - 12) = - 10 A23 = - ( 8 - 18) = 10 A 33 = ( 8 - 3) = 5
T
é 0 15 -10ù é 0 -5 5ù
\ adj A = ê -5 0 10ú = ê 15 0 -10ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 5 -10 5úû êë -10 10 5úû
é 0 -5 5ù
1 ê
\ A -1
= 15 0 -10ú
25 ê ú
êë -10 10 5úû
é 0 -1 1ù é 0 -1 1ù
5 ê 1
= 3 0 -2 ú = ê 3 0 -2 ú
25 ê ú 5 ê ú
-
êë 2 2 1úû êë -2 2 1úû
Now putting values in (i), we get
é xù é 0 -1 1ù é 60ù
\ ê yú = 1 ê 3 0 -2ú ê 45ú
ê ú 5 ê úê ú
êë z úû êë -2 2 1úû êë 70 úû
é xù é 0 - 45 + 70 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 180 + 0 - 140 ú
ê ú 5 ê ú
êë z úû êë -120 + 90 + 70úû
é xù é 25ù é 5 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 40ú = ê 8ú
ê ú 5 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 40úû êë 8úû
Hence, x = 5, y = 8, z = 8.
24. Let ABC be right-circular cone having radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’. If V and S are its volume and
surface area (curved) respectively, then
A
S = prl
S = pr h 2 + r 2 …(i) l
h
Putting the value of h in (i), we get
éQ V = 1 pr 2 h B r C
9V 2 ê 3 D
S = pr + r2 ê
p 2r 4 3V
ê h= 2
æ 9V 2 + p 2 r 6 ö ë pr
Þ S 2 = p 2 r 2 çç ÷
÷ [Maxima or Minima is same for S or S 2 ]
è p 2r 4 ø
290 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
9V 2
Þ S2 = + p 2r 4
2
r
-18V 2
Þ (S2 ) ¢ = + 4p 2 r 3 …(ii) [Differentiating w.r.t. ‘r’]
r3
Now, (S2 ) ¢ = 0
V2
Þ - 18 + 4p 2 r 3 = 0
3
r
Þ 4p 2 r 6 = 18V 2
1
Þ 4p 2 r 6 = 18 ´ p 2 r 4 h 2 [Putting value of V]
9
h
Þ 2r 2 = h 2 Þ r=
2
Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. ‘r’, again
54V 2
( S 2 ) ¢¢ = + 12p 2 r 2
r4
Þ ( S 2 ) ¢¢] h >0 (for any value of r)
r =
2
2 h
Hence, S i.e., S is minimum for r = or h = 2 r.
2
i.e., For least curved surface, altitude is equal to 2 times the radius of the base.
OR
Let x and y be the dimensions of rectangular part of window and x be side of equilateral part.
If A be the total area of window, then
3 2
A = x. y + x
4
Also x + 2y + 2x = 12
x x
Þ 3x + 2y = 12
12 - 3x
Þ y=
2
(12 - 3x) 3 2
\ A = x. + x y y
2 4
3x 2 3 2
Þ A = 6x - + x x
2 4
3
Þ A¢ = 6 - 3x + x [Differentiating w.r.t. x]
2
Now, for maxima or minima
A¢ = 0
3
6 - 3x + x=0
2
Examination Papers – 2011 291
12
Þ x=
6- 3
3
Again A ¢¢ = - 3 + < 0 (for any value of x)
2
A ¢¢] 12 <0
x=
6- 3
æ 12 ö
12 - 3 ç ÷
12 è6 - 3ø
i.e., A is maximum if x = and y = .
6- 3 2
12 18 - 6 3
x= and y = .
6- 3 6- 3
p/ 3 p/ 3
dx dx
25. Let I= ò 1 + tan x = ò sin x
p/ 6 p/ 6 1+
cos x
p/ 3 cos x dx
I= ò cos x + sin x
…(i)
p/ 6
p p
p/ 3 cos æç + - xö÷ dx
è3 6 ø
= ò p p p p
p/ 6 cos æç + - xö÷ + sin æç + - xö÷
è3 6 ø è3 6 ø
p/ 3 sin x dx
I= ò sin x + cos x
…(ii)
p/ 6
p/ 3 sin x + cos x
Adding (i) and (ii), 2I = ò sin x + cos x
dx
p/ 6
p/ 3
2I = ò dx = [x]pp // 63
p/ 6
1 é p p ù 1 é 2p - p ù
\ I= - =
2 ëê 3 6 ûú 2 êë 6 úû
p
I=
12
292 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
OR
6x + 7 6x + 7
Let I=ò dx = ò dx
( x - 5) ( x - 4) x 2 - 9x + 20
d 2
Now, Let 6x + 7 = A . ( x - 9x + 20) + B
dx
6x + 7 = A ( 2x - 9) + B
Þ 6x + 7 = 2Ax - 9A + B
Comparing the coefficient of x, we get
2A = 6 and -9A + B = 7
A = 3 and B = 34
3 ( 2x - 9) + 34
\ I=ò dx
x 2 - 9x + 20
( 2x - 9) dx dx
= 3ò + 34 ò
2 2
x - 9x + 20 x - 9x + 20
I = 3I 1 + 34I 2 …(i)
( 2x - 9) dx dx
where I1 = ò and I 2 = ò
x 2 - 9x + 20 2
x - 9x + 20
( 2x - 9) dx
Now, I1 = ò
x 2 - 9x + 20
Let x 2 - 9x + 20 = z 2
( 2x - 9) dx = 2z dz
z dz
\ I1 = 2 ò = 2z + c 1
z
I 1 = 2 x 2 - 9x + 20 + c 1
dx dx
I2 = ò =ò
2
x - 9x + 20 9 9 2 81
x2 - 2 . x + æç ö÷ - + 20
2 è 2ø 4
dx
=ò
2
æç x - 9 ö÷ - 1
è 2ø 4
dx
I2 = ò
2 2
æç x - 9 ö÷ - æç 1 ö÷
è 2ø è 2ø
Examination Papers – 2011 293
9 9 2 1 2
= log æç x - ö÷ + æç x - ö÷ - æç ö÷ + C 2
è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø
é
dx
êQ
ò = log| x + x 2 - a 2| + x
ê x -a2 2
ë
9
= log æç x - ö÷ + x 2 - 9x + 20 + C 2
è 2ø
Putting the value of I 1 and I 2 in (i)
ì 9 ü
\ I = 6 x 2 - 9x + 20 + 3c 1 + 34 í log æç x - ö÷ + x 2 - 9x + 20 ý + 34C 2
î è 2 ø þ
9
= 6 x 2 - 9x + 20 + 34 log æç x - ö÷ + x 2 - 9x + 20 + C
è 2ø
where C = 3c 1 + 34c 2 .
26. For graph of y =| x + 3|
x 0 –3 –6 –2 –4
y 3 0 3 1 1 y-axis
x = –6
y
x=0
=
3|
|x
+
+
|x
3|
=
y
(–6, 3) (0, 3) 3
2
|
1
| | | | | | | x-axis
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
(–3, 0)
é 9 36 ù é 9 ù
= - æç - 9ö÷ - æç - 18ö÷ + 0 - æç - 9ö÷
êë è 2 ø è 2 ú ê
øû ë è2 ø úû
9 9
= + = 9 sq. units.
2 2
27. Given line and plane are
®
r = ( 2i$ - j$ + 2k$) + l ( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$) …(i)
®
r . (i$ - j$ + k$) = 5 …(ii)
®
For intersection point, we solve equations (i) and (ii) by putting the value of r from (i) in (ii).
[( 2i$ - j$ + 2k$) + l ( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$)] .(i$ - j$ + k$) = 5
Þ ( 2 + 1 + 2) + l ( 3 - 4 + 2) = 5 Þ 5 + l = 5 Þ l = 0
Hence, position vector of intersecting point is 2i$ - j$ + 2k$.
i.e., coordinates of intersection of line and plane is (2, –1, 2).
Hence, Required distance = ( 2 + 1) 2 + ( -1 + 5) 2 + ( 2 + 10) 2
= 9 + 16 + 144 = 169 = 13
28. Let E1 , E2 , E 3 be events such that
E1 º Selection of Box I ; E2 º Selection of Box II ; E 3 º Selection of Box III
Let A be event such that
A º the coin drawn is of gold
1 1 1 æAö 2
Now, P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) = , P (E 3 ) = , P ç ÷ = P (a gold coin from box I) = = 1
3 3 3 è E1 ø 2
æAö æAö 1
P ç ÷ = P (a gold coin from box II) = 0, P ç ÷ = P (a gold coin from box III) =
è E2 ø èE3 ø 2
æE ö
the probability that the other coin in the box is also of gold = P ç 1 ÷
èAø
æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
\ P ç 1÷ =
èAø æAö æAö æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷ + P (E2 ) . P ç ÷ + P (E 3 ) . P ç ÷
E
è 1ø E
è 2ø èE3 ø
1
´1
3 2
= = ×
1 1 1 1 3
´1+ ´ 0+ ´
3 3 3 2
Examination Papers – 2011 295
29. Let the number of desktop and portable computers to be sold be x and y respectively.
Here, Profit is the objective function Z.
\ Z = 4500x + 5000y …(i)
we have to maximise z subject to the constraints
x + y £ 250 …(ii) (Demand Constraint)
25000x + 40000y £ 70, 00, 000 …(iii) (Investment constraint)
Þ 5x + 8y £ 1400
x ³ 0, y ³ 0 …(iv) (Non-negative constraint)
Graph of x = 0 and y = 0 is the y-axis and x-axis respectively.
\ Graph of x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is the Ist quadrant.
Graph of x + y £ 250 :
y-axis
Graph of x + y = 250
x=0
x 0 250
y 250 0
300 –
\ Graph of x + y £ 250 is the part of Ist
250 –
quadrant where origin lies.
Graph of 5x + 8y £ 1400 : 200 –
–
0
of Ist quadrant where origin lies. 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y = 0
x+
For cooridnates of C, equation y=
x + y = 250 and 5x + 8y = 1400 are 25
0
solved and we get
x = 200, y = 50
Now, we evaluate objective function Z at each corner
Corner Point Z = 4500x + 5000y
O ( 0, 0) 0
A ( 250, 0) 1125000
C ( 200, 50) 1150000 maximum
B ( 0, 175) 875000
Maximum profit is ` 11,50,000 when he plan to sell 200 unit desktop and 50 portable
computers.
296 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
= ( 3a - x) [1 ( 0 + 4x 2 )] [Expanding along R 1 ]
= 4x 2 ( 3a - x)
\ 4x 2 ( 3a - x) = 0
Þ x = 0 or x = 3a
p/ 4
21. Let I= ò log (1 + tan x) dx
0
p/ 4
é æç p - xö÷ ù dx éQ a a
f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dxù
= ò log 1 + tan
êë è4 ø úû êë ò0 0 úû
0
æ p
p/ 4 ç tan - tan x ö÷
4
= ò log ç1 +
p ÷ dx
0 ç 1 + tan tan x ÷
è 4 ø
p/ 4 p/ 4
æ 1 - tan x ö æ 1 + tan x + 1 - tan x ö
= ò log ç1 +
è
÷ dx = ò log ç
1 + tan x ø è 1 + tan x
÷ dx
ø
0 0
p/ 4
æ 2 ö
= ò log ç ÷ dx
è 1 + tan x ø
0
p/ 4 p/ 4
= ò log 2dx - ò log (1 + tan x) dx
0 0
I = log 2 [x] p0 / 4 - I
p
Þ 2I = log 2
4
p
Þ I = log 2
8
22. x dy - ( y + 2x 2 ) dx = 0
The given differential equation can be written as
dy dy 1
x - y = 2x 2 or - . y = 2x
dx dx x
1
- dx
òx x -1 1
I.F. = e = e- log x
= e log =
x
298 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 1
\ Solution is y. = ò 2x . dx
x x
1
Þ y . = 2x + C or y = 2x 2 + Cx
x
28. The given system can be written as
AX = B Þ X = A -1 B …(i)
é1 2 1ù é xù é 7ù
where A = ê 1 0 3 , X = y and B = ê11ú
ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 2 -3 0úû êë zúû êë 1úû
1 2 1
| A| = 1 0 3 = 1 ( 0 + 9) - 2 ( 0 - 6) + 1 ( -3 - 0) = 18 ¹ 0
2 -3 0
For adj A
A11 = 0 + 9 = 9 A12 = - ( 0 - 6) = 6 A13 = - 3 - 0 = - 3
A21 = - ( 0 + 3) = - 3 A22 = 0 - 2 = - 2 A23 = - ( -3 - 4) = 7
A 31 = 6 - 0 = 6 A 32 = - ( 3 - 1) = - 2 A 33 = 0 - 2 = - 2
T
é 9 6 -3 ù é 9 -3 6ù
\ adj. A = ê -3 -2 7ú =ê 6 -2 -2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 6 -2 -2úû êë -3 7 -2úû
1
\ A -1 = . adj. A
| A|
é 9 -3 6ù
1 ê
= 6 -2 -2 ú
18 ê ú
-
êë 3 7 -2úû
Now putting above values in (i), we get
é xù é 9 -3 6ù é 7 ù
ê yú = 1 ê 6 -2 -2ú ê11ú
ê ú 18 ê úê ú
êë z úû êë -3 7 -2úû êë 1 ûú
é xù é 63 - 33 + 6 ù é 36ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 42 - 22 - 2 ú Þ =
1 ê ú
18
ê ú 18 ê ú 18 ê ú
êë z úû êë -21 + 77 - 2úû êë 54 úû
é xù é 2ù
Þ ê yú = ê1 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 3úû
Þ x = 2, y = 1, z = 3 [From equality of matrices]
Examination Papers – 2011 299
6= 3 . 2 cos q
6 3. 2 2 1
\ cos q = = = =
2´ 3 2 3 2 2
æ 1 ö p
\ q = cos -1 ç ÷=
è 2ø 4
1 æç 1 ö÷ + tan -1 æç 1 ö÷
11. L.H.S. = tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1
è 2ø è5 ø è 8ø
1 1
+
= tan -1 2 5 + tan -1 æç 1 ö÷ éQ 1 ´ 1 = 1 < 1ù
1 1
1- ´
è 8ø ëê 2 5 10 úû
2 5
æ 7 +1 ö
= tan -1 æç 7 ö÷ + tan -1 æç 1 ö÷ = tan -1 ç 9 8 ÷ = tan -1 æç 65 ´ 72 ö÷
è 9ø è 8ø ç 7 1÷ è 72 65 ø
ç1 - ´ ÷
è 9 8ø
p
= tan -1 (1) = ×
4
x+a x x
12. Let D= x x+a x
x x x+a
3x + a 3x + a 3x + a
= x x+a x R1 ® R1 + R2 + R 3
x x x+a
0 0 3x + a
C1 ® C1 - C 3
= 0 a x
C2 ® C2 - C 3
-a -a x+a
= ( 3x + a) ( 0 + a) [Expanding along R 1 ]
2
= a ( 3x + a) = 3ax + a
Given D=0
\ 3ax + a 2 = 0
a2 a
x=- =-
3a 3
Examination Papers – 2011 301
1 1
13. Let I = ò log æç - 1ö÷ dx
0 èx ø
1 æ 1 - xö
= ò log ç ÷ dx …(i)
0 è x ø
1 æ 1 - (1 - x) ö éQ a a
I=ò log ç ÷ dx ò0 f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dxù
0 è 1-x ø êë 0 úû
1 æ x ö
I=ò log ç ÷ dx …(ii)
0 è1 - x ø
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
1 æ1 - x ö 1 æ x ö
2I = ò log ç ÷ dx + ò0 log ç ÷ dx
0 è x ø è1 - x ø
1 æ1 - x x ö
=ò log ç . ÷ dx [Q log A + log B = log ( A ´ B)]
0 è x 1 - xø
1
=ò log 1 dx
0
2I = 0 \ I=0
14. x dy + ( y - x 3 ) dx = 0
3
dy - y + x
Þ x dy = - ( y - x 3 ) dx Þ =
dx x
dy - y dy æ 1 ö
Þ = + x2 Þ + ç ÷ .y = x2
dx x dx è x ø
dy
It is in the form of + Py = Q
dx
1
where P = and Q = x 2
x
1
òx dx
\ I.F. = e = e log x
=x
Hence, solution is
y . x = ò x . x 2 dx + C
x4 x3 C
+C Þ y= xy =
+
4 4 x
23. The given system of equation can be written as
AX = B Þ X = A -1 B …(i)
é1 2 -3 ù é xù é -4 ù
where A = ê 2 3 2 , X = y , B = ê 2ú
ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 3 -3 -4úû êë zúû êë 11úû
1 2 -3
Now, | A| = 2 3 2 = 1 ( -12 + 6) - 2 ( -8 - 6) - 3 ( -6 - 9) = 67 ¹ 0
3 -3 -4
302 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
For adj A :
A11 = - 6 A21 = 17 A 31 = 13
A12 = 14 A22 = 5 A 32 = - 8
A13 = - 15 A23 = 9 A 33 = - 1
T
é - 6 14 - 15 ù é -6 17 13ù
\ adj. A = 17 ê 5 9 ú ê
= 14 5 -8 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 13 -8 -1úû êë -15 9 -1úû
1
\ A -1 = . adj. A
| A|
é -6 17 13ù
1 ê
= 14 5 -8 ú
67 ê ú
êë -15 9 -1úû
Putting the value of X , A -1 and B in (i), we get
é xù é -6 17 13ù é -4ù é xù é 24 + 34 + 143ù é 201ù
ê yú = 1 ê 14 5 -8 ú ê 2 ú Þ ê y =ú 1 ê
-56 + 10 - 88 =ú 1 ê
-134ú
ê ú 67 ê úê ú ê ú 67 ê ú 67 ê ú
êë z úû êë -15 9 -1úû êë 11úû êë z úû êë 60 + 18 - 11 úû êë 67 úû
é xù é 3ù
Þ ê y ú = ê -2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 1úû
Þ x = 3, y = - 2, z = 1
24. The given planes are
2x + y - z - 3 = 0 …(i)
and 5x - 3y + 4z + 9 = 0 …(ii)
The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of (i) and (ii) is given by
( 2x + y - z - 3) + l (5x - 3y + 4z + 9) = 0
Þ ( 2 + 5l) x + (1 - 3l) y + ( 4l - 1) z + ( 9l - 3) = 0 …(iii)
x-1 y- 3 z-5
It is given that plane (iii) is parallel to = = .
2 4 5
Þ Normal of (iii) is perpendicular to given line.
\ ( 2 + 5l) . 2 + (1 - 3l) . 4 + ( 4l - 1) . 5 = 0
Þ 18l + 3 = 0
1
Þ l=-
6
Putting the value of l in (iii), we get the required plane.
1
( 2x + y - z - 3) - (5x - 3y + 4z + 9) = 0
6
Þ 12x + 6y - 6z - 18 - 5x + 3y - 4z - 9 = 0
Þ 7 x + 9y - 10z - 27 = 0
EXAMINATION PAPERS –2011
CBSE (Foreign) Set–I
SECTION – A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry one mark each.
1. If f : R ® R is defined by f ( x) = 3x + 2, define f [ f ( x)].
2. Write the principal value of tan -1 ( -1).
3. Write the values of x - y + z from the following equation :
é x + y + zù é 9 ù
ê x + z ú = ê5 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë y + z úû êë7 úû
4. Write the order of the product matrix :
é1 ù
ê 2 ú [2 3 4]
ê ú
êë 3úû
x x 3 4
5. If = , write the positive value of x.
1 x 1 2
6. Evaluate :
(1 + log x) 2
ò x
dx.
7. Evaluate :
3 dx
ò1 1 + x2
.
8. Write the position vector of the mid-point of the vector joining the points P ( 2, 3, 4) and
Q ( 4, 1, -2).
® ® ® ® ®
9. If a . a = 0 and a . b = 0, then what can be concluded about the vector b ?
10. What are the direction cosines of a line, which makes equal angles with the co-ordinates
axes?
304 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION – B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Consider f : R + ® [4, ¥] given by f ( x) = x 2 + 4. Show that f is invertible with the inverse ( f -1 )
of f given by f -1 ( y) = y - 4, where R + is the set of all non-negative real numbers.
12. Prove the following :
9p 9 1 9 æ2 2ö
- sin -1 æç ö÷ = sin -1 ç ÷
8 4 è 3ø 4 è 3 ø
OR
Solve the following equation for x :
æ1 - x ö 1
tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ( x), x > 0
è1 + x ø 2
13. Prove, using properties of determinants :
y+k y y
y y+k y = k 2 ( 3 y + k)
y y y+k
14. Find the value of k so that the function f defined by
ì k cos x p
ïï p - 2x , if x ¹ 2
f ( x) = í
ï 3 , if x = p
ïî 2
p
is continuous at x = .
2
15. Find the intervals in which the function f given by
f ( x) = sin x + cos x, 0 £ x £ 2p
is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
OR
Find the points on the curve y = x 3 at which the slope of the tangent is equal to the
y-coordinate of the point.
16. Prove that :
d éx a2 x ù
ê a2 - x2 + sin -1 æç ö÷ ú = a 2 - x 2
dx ëê 2 2 è a øú
û
OR
d2y dy
If y = log [x + x 2 + 1 ] , prove that ( x 2 + 1) +x = 0.
2 dx
dx
2x
17. Evaluate : òe sin x dx
OR
3x + 5
Evaluate : ò dx
x 2 - 8x + 7
Examination Papers – 2011 305
27. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (–1, 3, 2) and perpendicular to each
of the planes :
306 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 3x + 3y + z = 0
28. A cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the use
of grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on the grinding/cutting
machine and 3 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes one hour on the
grinding/cutting machine and 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day,
the sprayer is available for at the most 20 hours and the grinding/cutting machine for at the
most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is ` 5 and that from a shade is ` 3. Assuming
that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades that he produces, how should he
schedule his daily production in order to maximise his profit? Make an L.P.P. and solve it
graphically.
29. A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of the
items of output and machine B produced 40% of the items. Futher, 2% of the items produced
by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one
stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What
is the probability that it was produced by machine B?
28. Find the vector equation of the plane, passing through the points A ( 2, 2, - 1), B ( 3, 4, 2) and
C (7 , 0, 6). Also, find the cartesian equation of the plane.
29. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is
transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II at random. The ball so
drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
continuous at x = 0 ?
13. Solve the following differential equation :
dy 1
(1 + x 2 ) + 2xy = , given y = 0 when x = 1.
dx 1 + x2
14. Find the shortest distance betwen the lines :
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ + k$) + l (i$ - j$ + k$)
®
and r = ( 2i$ - j$ - k$) + m ( 2i$ + j$ + 2k$)
23. Find the equation of the palne passing through the point (1, 1, –1) and perpendicular to the
planes x + 2y + 3z - 7 = 0 and 2x - 3y + 4z = 0.
24. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having heads on both faces), another is a
biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the times and the third is an unbiased coin. One of
the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, and it shows heads. What is the probability
that it was the two-headed coin?
308 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
CBSE (Foreign) Set–I
Section – A
1. f ( f ( x )) = f (3x + 2)
= 3. (3x + 2) + 2 = 9x + 6 + 2
= 9x + 8
2. Let tan -1 ( -1) = q
Þ tan q = -1
p
Þ tan q = - tan
4
p æ p pö
æ pö p \- Î ç - , ÷ range of the
Þ tan q = tan ç - ÷ Þ q = - 4 è 2 2ø
è 4ø 4
principal value branch of tan -1
p
Þ tan -1( -1) = - æ pö
4 function and tan ç - ÷ = -1
è 4ø
p
\ Principal value of tan -1 ( -1) is - .
4
3. We have
éx + y + z ù é9ù
ê x + z ú = ê5 ú
ê y + z ú ê7 ú
ë û ë û
By definition of equality of matrices, we have
x + y+z =9 ... (i)
x + z =5 .... (ii)
y + z =7 ... (iii)
(i) – (ii) Þ x + y + z - x - z = 9 -5
Þ y=4 ... (iv)
(ii) – (iv) Þ x - y + z =5 -4
Þ x - y + z =1
4. Order is 3 ´ 3 because it is product of two matrices having order 3 ´ 1 and 1 ´ 3.
5. We have
x x 3 4
Q =
1 x 1 2
Þ x 2 -x = 6 -4 Þ x 2 -x -2 = 0
Examination Papers – 2011 309
Þ x 2 - 2x + x - 2 = 0 Þ x ( x - 2) + 1 ( x - 2) = 0
Þ ( x - 2) ( x + 1) = 0
Þ x = 2 or x = -1 (Not accepted)
Þ x =2
(1 + log x ) 2
6. I =ò dx
x
Let 1 + log x = z
1
dx = dz Þ I = ò z 2 dz
x
z3 1
= + C = (1 + log x ) 3 + C
3 3
3 dx
7. I =ò
1
1+ x 2
é d 1 ù
= [tan -1 x ]1 3 -1
êQ dx (tan x ) = ú
ë 1+ x 2 û
= tan -1 ( 3 ) - tan -1 (1)
p p p
= - =
3 4 12
® ®
8. Let a . b be position vector of points P( 2, 3, 4) and Q( 4, 1, - 2) respectively.
®
\ a = 2i$ + 3 $j + 4k$
®
b = 4i$ + $j - 2k$
® ®
a + b 6i$ + 4 $j + 2k$
\ Position vector of mid point of P and Q = =
2 2
= 3i$ + 2 j$ + k$
® ®
9. \ a . a = 0
® ®
Þ a . a . cos q = 0
® ®
Þ a . a =0 [\cos 0 = 1]
® 2 ®
Þ a =0 Þ a =0
® é ® ® ® ® ® ù
Þ b may be any vector êas a . b = a . b . cos q = 0 b . cos q = 0ú
ë û
10. Let a be the angle made by line with coordinate axes.
Þ Direction cosines of line are cos a , cos a , cos a
310 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Section – B
11. For one-one
Let x 1 , x 2 Î R (Domain)
f ( x 1 ) = f ( x 2 ) Þ x 12 + 4 = x 22 + 4
Þ x 12 = x 22
Þ x1 = x 2 [\x 1 , x 2 are +ve real number]
f is one-one function.
For onto
Let y Î [ 4, ¥) s.t.
y = f ( x ) " x Î Rt (set of non-negative reals)
Þ y=x2 + 4
Þ x = y-4 [\x is + ve real number]
Obviously, " y Î [ 4, a ] , x is real number Î R (domain)
i.e., all elements of codomain have pre image in domain.
Þ f is onto.
Hence f is invertible being one-one onto.
For inverse function : If f -1 is inverse of f , then
-1
fof =I (Identity function)
-1
Þ fof ( y) = y " y Î [ 4, ¥)
-1
Þ f (f ( y)) = y
-1
Þ (f ( y)) 2 + 4 = y [ Q f ( x ) = x 2 + 4]
-1
Þ f ( y) = y - 4
Therefore, required inverse function is f -1 [ 4, ¥ ] ® R defined by
f -1 ( y) = y - 4 " y Î [ 4, a).
9p 9 1
12. L.H.S. = - sin -1
8 4 3
9æp -1 1 ö
= ç - sin ÷
4è2 3ø
Examination Papers – 2011 311
9 1 éQ 1 Î [ -1, 1]ù
= cos -1 æç ö÷
4 è3ø êë 3 úû
1
Let cos -1 æç ö÷ = q
è3ø
1
Þ cos q = [ q Î [ 0, p] ]
3
2
\
1
sin q = + 1 - æç ö÷ é Q q Î [ 0, p] ù
è3ø êëÞ sin q is + ve úû
8 2 2
Þ sin q = =
9 3
æ2 2ö 1 æ2 2ö
Þ q = sin -1 çç ÷ Þ cos -1 æç ö÷ = sin -1 ç ÷
÷ ç 3 ÷
è 3 ø è3ø è ø
Putting the value of q]
9 æ2 2ö
\ L.H.S = sin -1 çç ÷ = R.H.S.
÷
4 è 3 ø
OR
æ 1 - x ö 1 -1 1 - x
tan -1 ç -1
÷ = tan x Þ 2 tan = tan -1 x
è1 + x ø 2 1+ x
1-x ö
2æç ÷ éBy property ù
Þ tan -1 è + x ø = tan -1 x
1
ê ú
1– x
1-x ö
2
êHere – 1 < < 1 as x > 0ú
1 - æç ÷ ë 1+ x û
è1 + x ø
æ 2 (1 - x 2 ) ö
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 x
ç (1 + x ) 2 - (1 - x ) 2 ÷
è ø
1-x 2
Þ = x Þ 3x 2 = 1
2x
1
Þ x= [\ x > 0]
3
y+k y y
13. L.H.S. = y y+k y
y y y+k
3y + k y y
= 3y + k y + k y [Applying C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3
3y + k y y+k
1 y y
= (3y + k) 1 y + k y [Taking common (3y + k) from C1
1 y y+k
312 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 y y éApplying
= (3y + k) 0 k 0 êR 2 ® R 2 - R1
0 0 k êR ® R - R
ë 3 3 1
Expanding along C1 we get
= (3y + k) {1 ( k 2 - 0) - 0 + 0}
= (3y + k). k 2
= k 2 (3y + k)
éLet x = p - h
p ê 2
14. lim f ( x ) = lim f æç - h ö÷ ê
p - h®0 è2 ø p-
x ® ê x® Þ h=0
2 ë 2
p
k cos æç - h ö÷
= lim è2 ø
p
p - 2 æç - h ö÷
h®0
è2 ø
k sin h é k cos x pù
= lim \f ( x ) = if x =/
h®0 2h êë p - 2x 2 úû
k sin h k
= lim = …(i)
2 h®0 h 2
éLet x = p + h ù
p ê 2 ú
lim f ( x ) = lim f æç + h ö÷ ê + ú
p + h®0 è2 ø p
x® ê x® Þ h = 0ú
2 ë 2 û
p
k cos æç + h ö÷
è 2 ø é k cos x pù
= lim ê\ f (x ) = if x =/ ú
p p - 2x 2 û
p - 2 æç + h ö÷
h®0 ë
è2 ø
-k sin h
= lim
h ® 0 p - p - 2h
k sin h k sin h k
= lim = lim = … (ii)
h®0 2 h 2 h®0 h 2
p é\f ( x ) = 3 if x = p ù
Also f æç ö÷ = 3
è2ø êë 2 úû
p
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x =
2
p
\ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f æç ö÷
- +
x ®
p
x®
p è2ø
2 2
k k
= =3 Þ k = 6.
2 2
Examination Papers – 2011 313
æ dy ö
Þ Slope of tangent at point ( x 1 , y1 ) on curve ( y = x 3 ) is ç ÷
è dx ø( x 1 y1 )
314 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
From question
3x 12 = y1 … (i)
Also since ( x 1 , y1 ) lies on curve y = x 3
\ y1 = x 13 … (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
3x 12 = x 13 Þ 3x 12 - x 13 = 0
Þ x 12 (3 - x 1 ) = 0 Þ x 1 = 0, x 1 = 3
If x 1 = 0, y1 = 0
If x 1 = 3, y1 = 27
Hence, required points are (0, 0) and (3, 27).
16. Prove that
d éx a2 x ù
ê a 2
- x 2
+ sin -1 æç ö÷ú = a 2 - x 2
dx ë 2 2 è a øû
d æx d æç a 2 x ö
L.H.S. = ç a 2 - x 2 ö÷ + sin -1æç ö÷ ÷
dx è 2 ø dx è 2ç è a ø ÷ø
1 ìï 1 üï a 2 1 1
= íx . ´ - 2x + a 2 - x 2 ý + . ´
2 ïî 2 a 2 - x 2 ïþ 2 x2 a
1-
a2
-x 2 a2 -x 2 a2
= + +
2 a2 -x 2 2 2 a2-x 2
- x 2 + a2 - x 2 + a2
=
2 a2 - x 2
a2 - x 2
= = a 2 - x 2 = R.H.S.
2 2
a -x
OR
Given y = log éx + x 2 + 1 ù
ëê úû
dy 1 é 2x ù
Þ = ´ ê1 + ú [Differentiating]
dx x + x 2 + 1 ê 2 x 2 + 1 ú
ë û
2 ( x + x 2 + 1)
=
( x + x 2 + 1) ´ 2 x 2 + 1
dy 1
=
dx 2
x +1
Examination Papers – 2011 315
= - e 2 x cos x - ò 2e 2 x ( - cos x ) dx
= - e 2 x cos x + 2 ò e 2 x cos x dx
= e 2 x ( 2 sin x - cos x ) - 4I + C ¢
e 2x C¢ ù
Þ I= [ 2 sin x - cos x ] + C [where C =
5 5 úû
OR
d 2
Now 3x + 5 = A. ( x - 8x + 7) + B
dx
Þ 3x + 5 = A ( 2x - 8) + B
Þ 3x + 5 = 2Ax - 8A + B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant, we get
2A = 3 and -8A + B = 5
3 3
A = and -8 ´ + B = 5
2 2
Þ B = 5 + 12 = 17
3
( 2x - 8) + 17
3x + 5 2
Hence ò 2 dx = ò 2 dx
x - 8x + 7 x - 8x + 7
3 ( 2x - 8) dx
= ò dx + 17 ò
2 x 2 - 8x + 7 x 2 - 8x + 7
3
= I 1 , + 17 I 2 …(i)
2
2x - 8 dx
Where I1 = ò dx , I 2 = ò
2 2
x - 8x + 7 x - 8x + 7
2x - 8
Now I1 = ò dx
x 2 - 8x + 7
Let x 2 - 8x + 7 = z 2 Þ ( 2x - 8) dx = 2zdz
316 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
2zdz
\ I1 = ò
z
= 2ò dz = 2z + C1
I 1 = 2 x 2 - 8 x + 7 + C1 …(ii)
dx
I2 = ò
2
x - 8x + 7
dx dx
=ò =ò
2
x - 2. x .4 + 16 - 16 + 7 ( x - 4) 2 - 3 2
= log ( x - 4) + ( x - 4) 2 - 3 2 + C 2
I 2 = log ( x - 4) + x 2 - 8x + 7 + C2 … (iii)
= 3 x 2 - 8x + 7 + 17 log | ( x - 4) x 2 - 8x + 7 | + C.
é dx ù
êNote : ò = log x + x 2 - a 2 + C ú
êë x 2 -a2 úû
18. Given equation is
(1 + e 2 x ) dy + (1 + y 2 ) e x dx = 0
dy e x dx
Þ (1 + e 2 x ) dy = - (1 + y 2 ) e x dx Þ =-
1 + y2 1 + e 2x
Integrating both sides, we get
e x dx
tan -1 y = - ò
1 + (e x ) 2
dz
Þ tan -1 y = - ò Let e x = z, e x dx = dz
2
1+z
-1
Þ tan y = - tan -1 z + C Þ tan -1 y + tan -1 e x = c
For particular solution :
Putting y =1 and x = 0, we get
tan -1 (1) + tan -1 e 0 = C Þ tan -1 (1) + tan -1 (1) = c
p p p
Þ + =C Þ C=
4 4 2
Therefore, required particular solution is
p
tan -1 y + tan -1 e x =
2
Examination Papers – 2011 317
Þ y sin x = 2x 2 + C
p
Putting y = 0 and x = , we get
2
p2 p2
0=2 +C Þ C =-
4 2
p2
Therefore, required solution is y sin x = 2x 2 -
2
dy
Note: When the given differential equation is in the form of + Py = Q, where P, Q are
dx
constant or function of x only, then general solution is
y ´ (I. F. ) = ò ( Q ´ I. F. ) dx + C
Pdx
where I. F. = e ò
20. Here
® ® ®
a = 2i$ + 2 $j + 3k$, b = - i$ + 2 $j + k$, c = 3i$ + $j
® ®
a + l b = ( 2i$ + 2 $j + 3k$) + l ( -i$ + 2 $j + k$) = ( 2 - l) i$ + ( 2 + 2l) $j + (3 + l) k$
® ® ®
Since ( a + l b ) is perpendicular to c
® ® ®
Þ ( a + l b) . c = 0 Þ ( 2 - l) . 3 + ( 2 + 2l). 1 + (3 + l) . 0 = 0
Þ 6 - 3l + 2 + 2l = 0 Þ l = 8
® ® ® ® ® ®
[Note : If a is perpendicular to b , then a . b = | a | . | b | . cos 90° = 0]
318 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Section – C
23. Given system of equation is
x - y + 2z = 1, 2y - 3z = 1, 3x - 2y + 4z = 2
Above system of equation can be written in matrix form
as A X = B Þ X = A -1 B … (i)
1 -1 2 éx ù é1 ù
whrere A= 0 -3 , X = ê y ú , B = ê1 ú
2
3 -2 4 êz ú ê2ú
ë û ë û
é-2 0 1ù
Let C = ê 9 2 -3 ú
ê 6 1 -2 ú
ë û
é 1 -1 2ù é-2 0 1ù
Now AC = ê0 2 -3ú ê 9 2 -3ú
ê3 -2 4ú ê 6 1 -2ú
ë ûë û
é -2 - 9 + 12 0 -2 + 2 1+3 -4 ù
= ê 0 + 18 -18 0 + 4 -3 0 -6 + 6 ú
ê-6 -18 + 24 0 -4 + 4 3 + 6 -8 ú
ë û
é1 0 0ù
=ê 0 1 0ú
ê0 0 1ú
ë û
Þ AC = I
Þ A -1 ( AC) = A -1 I [Pre multiplication by A -1 ]
Þ ( A -1 A) C = A -1 [By Associativity]
-1 -1
Þ I C =A Þ A =C
é -2 0 1 ù
Þ A -1 = ê 9 2 -3 ú
ê 6 1 -2 ú
ë û
320 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
é 3 -1 1 ù
I = ê -15 6 -5 ú A
ê 5 -2 2 ú
ë û
é 3 - 1 1 ù
Þ A -1 = ê -15 6 -5 ú
ê 5 -2 2 ú
ë û
24. Let x and y be the length and width of rectangle part of window
respectively. Let A be the opening area of window which admit Light.
x/2 x/2
Obviously, for admitting the maximum light through the opening, A
must be maximum.
Now A = Area of rectangle + Area of semi-circle y
1 x2
A = xy + p.
2 4 x
2
px
Þ A = xy +
8
ì x ( p + 2) ü px 2 é
Þ A =x í 5- ý+ êFrom question
î 4 þ 8 ê
( p + 2) × x 2 px 2 ê\ x + 2y + p × x = 10
Þ A = 5x - + ê 2
4 8 ê æ p ö
Þ
æ p + 2 pö 2
A = 5x - ç - ÷x êÞ x çè 2 + 1÷ø + 2y = 10
è 4 8ø ê
êÞ 2y = 10 - x æç p + 2 ö÷
p+ 4 2 dA æp+ 4ö è 2 ø
Þ A = 5x - x Þ =5 -ç ÷ 2x ê
8 dx è 8 ø ê x ( p + 2) K(i)
êÞ y = 5 -
For maximum or minimum value of A, ë 4
dA
=0
dx
æp+ 4ö p+ 4
Þ 5 -ç ÷ .2x = 0 Þ . 2x = 5
è 8 ø 8
20
Þ x=
p+ 4
d 2A p+ 4 p+ 4
Now =- ´ 2 =-
2 8 4
dx
2 ù
d A
i.e., ú <0
dx 2 û x = 20
p+ 4
20
Hence for x = , A is maximum
p+ 4
20 p+ 2 é 20 ù
and thus y =5 - ´ êPutting x = in (i) ú
p+ 4 4 ë p+ 4 û
322 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
5 ( p + 2)
=5 -
p+ 4
5p + 20 - 5p -10 10
= =
p+ 4 p+ 4
Therefore, for maximum A i.e., for admitting the maximum light
20
Length of rectangle = x = .
p+ 4
10
Breadth of rectangle = y =
p+ 4
25. Given lines are
2x + y = 4 … (i)
3x - 2y = 6 … (ii)
x - 3y + 5 = 0 … (iii)
For intersection point of (i) and (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2 and adding with (ii), we get
4x + 2y = 8
3x - 2y = 6
7x = 14 Þ x = 2
\ y=0
Here, intersection point of (i) and (ii) is (2, 0).
For intersection point of (i) and (iii) 4–
Multiplying (i) by 3 and adding with (iii), we get 5 B (4, 3)
3– y=–
6x + 3y = 12 (1, 2) x – 3
2– A
6
x - 3y = - 5
y=
2x
–2
7x = 7 Þ x =1 1 –
+y
3x
\ y=2
=4
C
–
–
Hence, intersection point of (i) and (iii) is (1, 2). 0 1D 2 3 4E 5
For intersection point of (ii) and (iii) (2, 0)
Multiplying (iii) by 3 and subtracting from (ii), we get
3x - 2y = 6
_ 3x m 9y = m 15
7y = 21
Þ y =3
\ x =4
Hence intersection point of (ii) and (iii) is (4, 3).
With the help of intersecting points, required region DABC in ploted.
Shaded region is required region.
\ Required Area = Area of DABC
= Area of trap ABED – Area of DADC - Area of DCBE
4 x +5 2 4 3x - 6
=ò dx - ò ( 4 - 2x ) dx - ò dx
1 3 1 2 2
4 4
1 é x2 ù 2 1 é 3x 2 ù
= ê
3ë 2 û1
[
+ 5x ú - 4x - x 2 ] 1
- ê
2ë 2
- 6x ú
û2
Examination Papers – 2011 323
1 ì æ 16 ö æ1 öü 1 ì æ 3 ´ 16 ö æ3´ 4 öü
= í ç + 20 ÷ - ç + 5 ÷ý - {(8 - 4) - ( 4 -1) } - í ç - 24 ÷ - ç - 12 ÷ý
3 îè 2 ø è 2 øþ 2 îè 2 ø è 2 øþ
1ì 11 ü 1
= í 28 - ý - { 4 - 3} - { 0 + 6}
3î 2 þ 2
1 45
= ´ -1 - 3
3 2
7
= sq. unit.
2
4 b
26. Comparing ò1 ( x 2 - x ) dx with òa f ( x ) dx , we get
f (x ) = x 2 - x and a = 1, b = 4
By definition
b
òa f ( x ) dx = lim h [ f ( a) + f ( a + h) + f ( a + 2h) + .... + f ( a + ( n -1) h) ]
h®0
4 -1 3 b -a
Here h= = where h =
n n n
Þ nh = 3 Also n ® a Û h ® 0
4
\ ò1 ( x 2 - x ) dx = lim h [ f (1) + f (1 + h) + f (1 + 2h) + .... + f (1 + ( n -1) h)]
h®0
= lim h [ 0 + {(1 + h) - (1 + h)} + {(1 + 2h) 2 - (1 + 2h)} + .... + {(1 + ( n -1) h) 2 - (1 + ( n -1) h)}]
2
h®0
= lim h [ 0 + {1 + h 2 + 2h -1 - h} + {1 + 4h 2 + 4h -1 - 2h}
h®0
+ ... + {1 + ( n -1) 2 h 2 + 2( n -1) h -1 - ( n -1) h}]
= lim h [ 0 + ( h 2 + h) + ( 4h 2 + 2h) + ... {( n -1) 2 h 2 + ( n -1) h}]
h®0
= lim h [ h 2 {1 + 2 2 + ... + ( n -1) 2} + h {1 + 2 + ... + ( n -1)}]
h®0
é ( n -1) n ( 2n -1) ( n -1) n ù
= lim h h 2 . +h
h ® 0 êë 6 2 úû
é 3 3 æ 1 öæ 1ö 2 2 æ 1ö ù
ê h . n çè1 - n ÷ø çè 2 - n ÷ø h . n çè1 - n ÷ø ú
= lim ê + ú
h®0 ê 6 2 ú
ëê úû
é æ 1 öæ 1ö æ 1 öù
ê 27 çè1 - n ÷ø çè 2 - n ÷ø 9 çè1 - n ÷ø ú éQ h = 3 ù
= lim ê + ú ê n ú
n®¥ ê 6 2 ú êë\ h ® 0 Þ n ® ¥ úû
êë úû
27 ´ (1 - 0) ( 2 - 0) 9(1 - 0) 54 9 9 27
= + = + =9+ =
6 2 6 2 2 2
324 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
OR
Let sin x - cos x = z If x = 0, z = -1
p
(cos x + sin x ) dx = dz If x = , z = 0
4
Also, Q sin x - cos x = z
Þ (sin x - cos x ) 2 = z 2 Þ sin 2 x + cos 2 x - 2 sin x .cos x = z 2
Þ 1 - sin 2x = z 2 Þ sin 2x = 1 - z 2
p / 4 sin x + cos x 0 dz
Now ò0 9 + 16 sin 2x dx = ò-1 9 + 16 (1 - z 2 )
0 dz 0 dz
=ò =ò
2
-1
9 + 16 -16 z -1
25 -16 z 2
0
é 5 ù
+z
1 0 dz 1 1 ê 4 ú
= ò-1 = êlog ú
16 2 16 5 ê 5
æ 5 ö -z 2 2. -z ú
ç ÷ 4 ë 4 û -1
è4ø
1 é 1 1
= log 1 - log ù = [log1 - log1 + log 9]
40 ëê ú
9 û 40
1
= log 9
40
27. Let equation of plane passing through (–1, 3, 2) be
a( x + 1) + b( y - 3) + c(z - 2) = 0 … (i)
Since (i) is perpendicular to plane x + 2y + 3z = 5
Þ a .1 + b . 2 + c . 3 = 0
Þ a + 2b + 3c = 0 … (ii)
Again plane (i) is perpendicular to plane 3x + 3y + z = 0
Þ a . 3 + b . 3 + c .1 = 0
Þ 3a + 3 b + c = 0 … (iii)
From (ii) and (iii)
a b c
= =
2 - 9 9 -1 3 - 6
a b c
= = =l (say)
-7 8 -3
Þ a = -7 l, b = 8l, c = -3l
Putting the value of a, b, c in (i), we get
-7 l ( x + 1) + 8 l ( y - 3) - 3l (z - 2) = 0
Þ -7x - 7 + 8y - 24 - 3z + 6 = 0
Þ -7x + 8y - 3z - 25 = 0 Þ 7x - 8y + 3z + 25 = 0
It is required plane.
28. Let the number of padestal lamps and wooden shades manufactured by cottage industry be x and y
respectively.
Here profit is the objective function Z.
\ Z = 5x + 3y … (i)
Examination Papers – 2011 325
x 0 20/3
y 10 0
y-axis
12 –
10 – C
8–
6–
B
4–
2–
A
x-axis
–
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
3x + 2y = 20
2x + y = 12
For coordinate B.
Equation 2x + y = 12 and 3x + 2y = 20 are solved as
3x + 2 (12 - 2x ) = 20
Þ 3x + 24 - 4x = 20 Þ x = 4
\ Þ y = 12 - 8 = 4
Coordinate of B = ( 4, 4)
Now we evaluate objective function Z at each corner.
Corner points Z = 5x + 3 y
0 (0, 0) 0
A (6, 0) 30
B (4, 4) 32 maximum
C (0, 10) 30
= 5x - 2
2x -2 x
(e -e )
10. I =ò dx
2x -2 x
e +e
Let e 2 x + e -2 x = z
( 2e 2 x - 2e -2 x ) dx = dz
dz
( e 2 x - e -2 x ) dx =
2
1 dz
\ I= ò
2 z
1
= log| z |+C
2
1
= log e 2 x + e -2 x + C
2
a -b -c 2a 2a
19. L.H.S. = 2b b -c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a -b
Applying R1 ® R1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get
a + b+c a + b+ c a + b + c
= 2b b -c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a -b
1 1 1
= ( a + b + c) 2b b -c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a -b
Applying C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 , we get
0 0 1
= ( a + b + c) 0 -b - c - a 2b
c + a + b c+a+b c-a -b
Expanding along R1 , we get
= ( a + b + c) [ 0 - 0 + 1 {0 - ( -b - c - a). ( c + a + b)}]
= ( a + b + c). ( a + b + c) 2
= ( a + b + c) 3 = RHS
328 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
éLet x = p - h
20. lim f ( x ) = lim f ( p - h) ê -
x ® p- h®0 ëx ® p Þ h ® 0
= lim K ( p - h) + 1 [Q f ( x ) = kx + 1 for x £ p
h®0
= K p +1
éLet x = p + h ù
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( p + h) ê + ú
h®p + h®0 ëx ® p Þ h ® 0û
= lim cos ( p + h) [Q f ( x ) = cos x for x > p]
h®0
= lim - cos h = -1
h®0
Also f ( p) = k p + 1
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = p
Þ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( p)
x ® p- x ® p+
Þ k p + 1 = -1 = k p + 1
Þ k p = -2
2
Þ k =-
p
21. Given differential equation is
dy
+ 2 tan x . y = sin x
dx
dy
Comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = 2 tan x , Q = sin x
2 tan xdx
\ I. F. = e ò
sec2 x
= e 2 log sec x = e log [Q e log z = z ]
= sec 2 x
Hence general solution is
y. sec 2 x = ò sin x . sec 2 x dx + C
Þ y = cos x + C cos 2 x
p
Putting y = 0 and x = , we get
3
p p
0 = cos+ C . cos 2
3 3
1 C
0= + Þ C = -2
2 4
\ Required solution is y = cos x - 2 cos 2 x
Examination Papers – 2011 329
® ® ® ®
( a 2 - a1 ) . ( b1 ´ b2 )
\ S.D. =
® ®
b1 ´ b2
x + y + 2z x y
11. L.H.S = z y + z + 2x y
z x z + x + 2y
Applying C1 ® C1 ® C 2 + C 3 we get
2( x + y + z) x y
= 2( x + y + z) y + z + 2x y
2( x + y + z) x z + x + 2y
1 x y
= 2 ( x + y + z) 1 y + z + 2x y [Taking common from C1 ]
1 x z + x + 2y
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - R1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R1 , we get
1 x y
= 2( x + y + z) 0 x + y +z 0
0 0 x + y+z
Expanding along C1 , we get
= 2 ( x + y + z) [1{( x + y + z) 2 - 0} - 0 + 0]
= 2 ( x + y + z) 3 = RHS
12. lim f ( x ) = lim l ( x 2 - 2x ) [\f ( x ) = l ( x 2 - 2x ) for x £ 0]
- x ®0
x ®0
= l ( 0 - 0) = 0
lim f ( x ) = lim 4x + 1 [\f ( x ) = 4x + 1 for x > o]
x ® 0+ x ®0
= 4 ´ 0 +1 = 1
Since lim f ( x ) =/ lim f ( x ) for any value of l. Hence for no value of l, f is continuous at x = 0
x ® o- x ® 0+
® ® ® ®
( a 2 - a1 ) . ( b1 ´ b2 )
\ Shortest distance =
® ®
b1 ´ b2
-3 - 0 - 6
=
3 2
9 2
= ´
3 2 2
9 2 3 2
= =
3´ 2 2
23. Let the equation of plane passing through point (1, 1, –1) be
a( x - 1) + b( y - 1) + c(z + 1) = 0 … (i)
Since (i) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2y + 3z - 7 = 0
\ 1. a + 2 . b + 3 . c = 0
a + 2b + 3c = 0 … (ii)
Again plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 2x - 3y + 4z = 0
\ 2 . a -3 . b + 4 . c = 0
2a - 3b + 4c = 0 … (iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we get
a b c
= =
8 + 9 6 - 4 -3 - 4
a b c
Þ = = =l
17 2 -7
Þ a = 17 l, b = 2l, c = - 7l
Puttting the value of a, b, c in (i) we get
17 l ( x -1) + 2l ( y -1) - 7l (z + 1) = 0
Þ 17 ( x -1) + 2( y -1) - 7(z + 1) = 0
Þ 17 x + 2y - 7z -17 - 2 - 7 = 0
Þ 17x + 2y - 7z - 26 = 0
It is required equation.
[Note: The equation of plane pasing through ( x 1 , y1 , z1 ) is given by
a ( x - x 1 ) + b ( y - y1 ) + c (z - z1 ) = 0
where a, b, c are direction ratios of normal of plane.]
24. Let E1 , E 2 , E 3 and A be events such that
E1 = event of selecting two headed coin.
E 2 = event of selecting biased coin.
E 3 = event of selecting unbiased coin.
A = event of getting head.
1
P( E1 ) = P( E 2 ) = P( E 3 ) =
3
334 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ A ö æ A ö 75 3 æ A ö 1
P çç ÷÷ = 1, Pçç ÷÷ = = , Pçç ÷÷ =
E
è 1ø E
è 2ø 100 4 è E3 ø 2
æE ö
Pç 1 ÷ is required.
è A ø
By Baye’s Theorem,
æ A ö
P( E1 ) . Pçç ÷÷
æE ö
Pç 1 ÷ = è E1 ø
è A ø æ A ö æ A ö æ A ö
P( E1 ) . Pçç ÷÷ + P(E 2 ) . Pçç ÷÷ + P( E 3 ) . Pçç ÷÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø è E3 ø
1
´1
= 3
1 1 3 1 1
´1 + ´ + ´
3 3 4 3 2
1
æE ö 3
Pç 1 ÷ =
è A ø 1 1 1
+ +
3 4 6
1 12 4
= ´ =
3 9 9
CBSE Examination Paper
(Delhi 2012)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three Sections A, B and C. Section A
comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each
and Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the exact
requirement of the question.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of four marks
each and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such
questions.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. If a line has direction ratios 2, –1, –2, then what are its direction cosines?
® ®
2. Find ‘l’ when the projection of a = li$ + j$ + 4k$ on b = 2i$ + 6j$ + 3k$ is 4 units.
® ® ®
3. Find the sum of the vectors a = i$ - 2j$ + k$, b = -2i$ + 4j$ + 5k$ and c = i$ - 6j$ - 7 k$.
3
1
4. Evaluate: ò x dx.
2
5. Evaluate: ò (1 - x) x dx.
5 3 8
6. If D = 2 0 1 , write the minor of the element a 23 .
1 2 3
é 2 3 ù é 1 -3 ù é -4 6 ù
7. If ê úê ú=ê ú , write the value of x.
ë 5 7 û ë -2 4 û ë -9 x û
336 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
dy
11. If (cos x) y = (cos y) x , find .
dx
OR
2
dy sin ( a + y)
If sin y = x sin( a + y), prove that
= .
dx sin a
12. How many times must a man toss a fair coin, so that the probability of having at least one
head is more than 80%?
13. Find the Vector and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (1, 2, –4) and
x - 8 y + 19 z - 10 x - 15 y - 29 z - 5
perpendicular to the two lines = = and = = .
3 -16 7 3 8 -5
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
14. If a , b , c are three vectors such that| a |= 5, | b |= 12 and| c |= 13, and a + b + c = O, find the
® ® ® ® ® ®
value of a . b + b . c + c . a .
15. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
2x 2 - 2xy + y 2 = 0.
dx
16. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
dy
= 1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 , given that y = 1 when x = 0.
dx
17. Evaluate: ò sin x sin 2x sin 3x dx
OR
2
Evaluate: ò (1 - x)(1 + x 2 ) dx
18. Find the point on the curve y = x 3 - 11x + 5 at which the equation of tangent is y = x - 11.
OR
Using differentials, find the approximate value of 49.5.
d2y dy
19. If y = (tan -1 x) 2 , show that ( x 2 + 1) 2 + 2x( x 2 + 1) = 2.
2 dx
dx
Examination Papers – 2012 337
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Find the equation of the plane determined by the points A(3, –1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and C(–1, –1, 6)
and hence find the distance between the plane and the point P(6, 5, 9).
24. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40% day scholars (not
residing in hostel). Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in hostel
attain ‘A’ grade and 20% of day scholars attain ‘A’ grade in their annual examination. At the
end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an ‘A’ grade,
what is the probability that the student is a hosteler?
25. A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours
on machine B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on
machine B to produce a package of bolts. He earns a profit of `17.50 per package on nuts and
`7 per package of bolts. How many packages of each should be produced each day so as to
maximize his profits if he operates his machines for at the most 12 hours a day? Form the
linear programming problem and solve it graphically.
p
4
p
26. Prove that: ò ( tan x + cot x ) dx = 2 .
2
0
OR
3
Evaluate: ò ( 2x 2 + 5x) dx as a limit of a sum.
1
27. Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines
3x - 2y + 1 = 0, 2x + 3y - 21 = 0 and x - 5y + 9 = 0.
28. Show that the height of a closed right circular cylinder of given surface and maximum
volume, is equal to the diameter of its base.
338 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
9. Find the sum of the following vectors:
® ® ®
a = i$ - 3k$, b = 2j$ - k$, c = 2i$ - 3j$ + 2k$.
1 2 3
10. If D = 2 0 1 , write the minor of element a 22 .
5 3 8
19. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
1+a 1 1
1 1+b 1 = ab + bc + ca + abc
1 1 1+c
d2y dy
20. If y = sin -1 x, show that (1 - x 2 ) -x = 0.
2 dx
dx
21. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
dy
xy = ( x + 2)( y + 2); y = -1 when x = 1
dx
22. Find the equation of a line passing through the point P( 2, - 1, 3) and perpendicular to the
lines
® ®
r = (i$ + j$ - k$) + l( 2i$ - 2j$ + k$) and r = ( 2i$ - j$ - 3k$) + m(i$ + 2j$ + 2k$).
28. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. Two balls
are transferred at random from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball
so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred balls were
both black.
29. Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the following lines:
5x - 2y - 10 = 0
x+y-9=0
2x - 5y - 4 = 0
340 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. Here direction ratios of line are 2, –1, –2
2 -1 -2
\ Direction cosines of line are , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 + ( -1) + ( -2) 2 + ( -1) + ( -2) 2 + ( -1) 2 + ( -2) 2
2
2 -1 -2
i.e., , ,
3 3 3
a
[Note: If a, b, c are the direction ratios of a line, the direction cosines are ,
2 2 2
a +b + c
b c
, ]
a2 + b 2 + c 2 a2 + b 2 + c 2
® ®
® ® a. b
2. We know that projection of a on b =
®
| b|
® ®
a. b
Þ 4= ...(i)
®
| b|
® ®
Now, a . b = 2l + 6 + 12 = 2l + 18
®
Also | b| = 2 2 + 6 2 + 3 2 = 4 + 36 + 9 = 7
Putting in (i) we get
2l + 18
4=
7
10
Þ 2l = 28 - 18 Þ l= =5
2
® ® ®
3. a + b + c = (1 - 2 + 1)i$ + ( -2 + 4 - 6) j$ + (1 + 5 - 7) k$
= - 4j$ - k$
3
1 3
4. ò x dx = [log x]2 = log 3 - log 2
2
1
1+
2 dx
5. ò (1 - x) x dx = ò xdx - ò x
1 3
=ò 2
x dx -ò 2
x dx
Examination Papers – 2012 341
1 3
+1 +1 3 5
x2 x2 2 2
= - + c = x2 - x2 + c
1 3 3 5
+1 +1
2 2
5 3
6. Minor of a 23 = = 10 - 3 = 7.
1 2
é 2 3 ù é 1 -3 ù é -4 6 ù
7. Given ê 5 7 ú . ê -2 4 ú = ê -9 x ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 2 ´ 1 + 3 ´ ( -2) 2 ´ ( -3) + 3 ´ 4ù é -4 6ù
Þ ê 5 ´ 1 + 7 ´ ( -2) 5 ´ ( -3) + 7 ´ 4 ú = ê -9 xú
ë û ë û
é -4 6 ù é -4 6 ù
Þ ê -9 13ú = ê -9 xú
ë û ë û
Equating the corresponding elements, we get
x = 13
é cos q sin q ù é sin q - cos q ù
8. cos q ê ú + sin q ê ú
ë - sin q cos q û ë cos q sin q û
é cos 2 q sin q. cos q ù é sin 2 q - sin q. cos q ù
=ê 2 ú+ê ú
êë - sin q. cos q cos q úû êë sin q. cos q sin 2 q úû
é sin 2 q + cos 2 q 0 ù é1 0ù
=ê 2
=
2 ú ê0 1ú
êë 0 sin q + cos q úû ë û
1 p
9. We have, cos -1 æç ö÷ = cos -1 æç cos ö÷
è 2ø è 3ø
p éQ p Î [0, p]ù
=
3 êë 3 úû
1 p
Also sin -1 æç - ö÷ = sin -1 æç - sin ö÷
è 2ø è 6ø
æ p ö
= sin -1 ç sin æç - ö÷ ÷
è è 6 øø
p é p p p ù
=- êQ - Îé - , ù ú
6 ë 6 ë 2 2 úû û
ê
1 1 p p
\ cos -1 æç ö÷ - 2 sin -1 æç - ö÷ = - 2æç - ö÷
è 2ø è 2ø 3 è 6ø
p p 2p
= + =
3 3 3
p p
[Note: Principal value branches of sin x and cos x are é - , ù and [0, p] respectively.]
êë 2 2 úû
10. 5 * 7 = LCM of 5 and 7 = 35
342 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
11. Given,
(cos x) y = (cos y) x
Taking logrithm of both sides, we get
log (cos x) y = log (cos y) x
Þ y . log (cos x) = x . log (cos y) [Q log mn = n log m]
Differentiating both sides we get
1 dy 1 dy
Þ y. ( - sin x) + log (cos x) . = x. . ( - sin y) . + log (cos y)
cos x dx cos y dx
y sin x dy x sin y dy
Þ - + log (cos x) . =- . + log (cos y)
cos x dx cos y dx
dy x sin y dy y sin x
Þ log (cos x) . + . = log (cos y) +
dx cos y dx cos x
dy é x sin y ù y sin x
Þ ê log (cos x) + ú = log (cos y) +
dx ë cos y û cos x
y sin x
log (cos y) +
Þ
dy
= cos x = log (cos y) + y tan x
dx x sin y log (cos x) + x tan y
log (cos x) +
cos y
OR
Here sin y = x sin ( a + y)
sin y
Þ =x
sin ( a + y)
dy dy
sin ( a + y) . cos y . - sin y . cos ( a + y).
Þ dx dx = 1
sin 2 ( a + y)
dy
Þ {sin ( a + y) . cos y - sin y . cos ( a + y)} = sin 2 ( a + y)
dx
dy sin 2 ( a + y)
Þ =
dx sin ( a + y - y)
2
dy sin ( a + y)
Þ =
dx sin a
12. Let no. of times of tossing a coin be n.
1
Here, Probability of getting a head in a chance = p =
2
1 1
Probability of getting no head in a chance = q = 1 - =
2 2
Examination Papers – 2012 343
a b c
Þ = = = l (say)
2 3 6
Þ a = 2l , b = 3l , c = 6l
Putting the value of a, b, c in (i) we get required cartesian equation of line as
x-1 y- 2 z+ 4
= =
2l 3l 6l
x-1 y- 2 z+ 4
Þ = =
2 3 6
Hence vector equation is
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ - 4k$) + l( 2i$ + 3j$ + 6k$)
® ® ® ®
14. Q a+ b+ c =O ...(i)
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ a .( a + b + c ) = a . O
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ a. a + a. b + a. c = 0
® ® ® ® ® é ® ® ® 2ù
Þ a . b + a . c = -| a |2 êQ a . a =| a | ú
ë û
® ® ® ® é ® ® ® ®ù
Þ a . b + c . a = - 25 ...(ii) êQ a . c = c . a ú
ë û
® ®
Similarly taking dot product of both sides of (i) by b and c respectively we get
® ® ® ® ®
a . b + b . c = -| b |2 = -144 ...(iii)
® ® ® ® ®
and c . a + b . c = -| c |2 = -169 ...(iv)
Adding (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
a . b + c . a + a . b + b . c + c . a + b . c = - 25 - 144 - 169
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 2( a . b + b . c + c . a ) = - 338
® ® ® ® ® ® 338
Þ a. b + b . c + c . a = - = - 169
2
dy
15. Given 2x 2 - 2xy + y 2 = 0
dx
dy
Þ 2x 2 = 2xy - y 2
dx
dy 2xy - y 2
Þ = ...(i)
dx 2x 2
It is homogeneous differential equation.
dy dv
Let y = vx Þ =v+ x
dx dx
Examination Papers – 2012 345
x3
Þ tan -1 y = x + +c
3
Putting y = 1 and x = 0, we get
Þ tan–1 (1) = 0 + 0 + c
p
Þ c = tan -1 (1) =
4
Therefore required particular solution is
x3 p
tan -1 y = x + +
3 4
346 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1
= ò sin x . ( 2 sin 2x . sin 3x) dx
2
1
= ò sin x . (cos x - cos 5x) dx [Q 2 sin A sin B = cos ( A - B) - cos ( A + B)]
2
1 1
=
2´2 ò 2 sin x . cos x dx -
2´2 ò
2 sin x . cos 5x dx
1 1
4ò
= sin 2x dx - ò (sin 6x - sin 4x) dx
4
cos 2x cos 6x cos 4x
=- + - +C
8 24 16
OR
2
Here ò (1 - x)(1 + x 2 ) dx
2 A Bx + C
Now, = +
2 1 - x 1 + x2
(1 - x)(1 + x )
2 A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 - x)
Þ =
(1 - x)(1 + x 2 ) (1 - x)(1 + x 2 )
Þ 2 = A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 - x)
Þ 2 = A + Ax 2 + Bx - Bx 2 + C - Cx
Þ 2 = ( A + C) + ( A - B) x 2 + ( B - C) x
Equating co-efficient both sides, we get
A+C = 2 ...(i)
A-B=0 ...(ii)
B-C = 0 ...(iii)
From (ii) and (iii) A = B = C
Putting C = A in (i), we get
A+A=2
Þ 2A = 2 Þ A = 1
i.e., A=B=C=1
2 1 x+1
\ = +
(1 - x)(1 + x ) 1 - x 1 + x 2
2
2 1 x+1
\ ò (1 - x)(1 + x 2 ) = ò 1 - x dx + ò 1 + x 2 dx
Examination Papers – 2012 347
x 1
= - log|1 - x|+ ò dx + ò dx
2
1+x 1 + x2
1
= - log|1 - x|+log|1 + x 2|+ tan -1 x + c
2
18. Let the required point of contact be ( x 1 , y 1 ).
Given curve is
y = x 3 - 11x + 5 ...(i)
dy
\ = 3x 2 - 11
dx
é dy ù
Þ ê dx ú = 3x12 - 11
ë û( x , y )
1 1
i.e., Slope of tangent at ( x 1 , y 1 ) to give curve (i) = 3x12 - 11
From question
3x12 - 11 = Slope of line y = x - 11, which is also tangent
3x12 - 11 = 1
Þ x12 = 4 Þ x 1 = ±2
Since ( x 1 , y 1 ) lie on curve (i)
\ y 1 = x13 - 11x 1 + 5
When x 1 = 2, y 1 = 2 3 - 11 ´ 2 + 5 = - 9
x 1 = -2, y 1 = ( -2) 3 - 11 ´ ( -2) + 5 = 19
But ( -2, 19) does not satisfy the line y = x - 11
Therefore ( 2, - 9) is required point of curve at which tangent is y = x - 11
OR
Let f ( x) = x, where x = 49
let dx = 0.5
\ f ( x + dx) = x + dx = 49.5
Now by definition, approximately we can write
f ( x + dx) - f ( x)
f '( x) = ...(i)
dx
Here f ( x) = x = 49 = 7
dx = 0.5
1 1 1
f '( x) = = =
2 x 2 49 14
Putting these values in (i), we get
1 49.5 - 7
=
14 0.5
348 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
0.5
Þ 49.5 = +7
14
0.5 + 98 98.5
= = = 7.036
14 14
19. We have y = (tan -1 x) 2 ... (i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 1
= 2 tan -1 x × ... (ii)
dx 1 + x2
or (1 + x 2 ) y 1 = 2 tan -1 x
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy d 1
(1 + x 2 ). 1 + y 1 (1 + x 2 ) = 2 .
dx dx 1 + x2
2
Þ (1 + x 2 ). y 2 + y 1 . 2x =
1 + x2
or (1 + x 2 ) 2 y 2 + 2x(1 + x 2 ) y 1 = 2
b+c q+r y+z
20. LHS D= c+a r+p z+x
a+b p+ q x+ y
Applying, R 1 « R 3 and R 3 « R 2 , we get
a+b p+ q x+ y
= b + c q+r y+z
c+a r+p z+x
Applying, R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get
2 ( a + b + c) 2 ( p + q + r) 2 ( x + y + z)
D= b+c q+r y+z
c+a r+p z+x
a+b + c p+ q+r x+ y+z
=2 b+c q+r y+z
c+a r+p z+x
a p x
=2 b+c q+r y + z [Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 ]
c+a r+p z+x
a p x
= 2 b + c q+r y+z [Applying R 3 ® R 3 - R 1 ]
c r z
Examination Papers – 2012 349
OR
-1 æ 8ö -1 æ 3 ö
Let sin ç ÷ = a and sin ç ÷ = b
è 17 ø è5ø
8 3
Þ sin a = and sin b =
17 5
Þ cos a = 1 - sin 2 a and cos b = 1 - sin 2 b
64 9
Þ cos a = 1 - and cos b = 1 -
289 25
289 - 64 25 - 9
Þ cos a = and cos b =
289 25
225 16
Þ cos a = and cos b =
289 25
15 4
Þ cos a = and cos b =
17 5
Now, cos(a + b) = cos a . cos b - sin a . sin b
15 4 8 3
Þ cos(a + b) = ´ - ´
17 5 17 5
60 24 36
Þ cos(a + b) = - Þ cos(a + b) =
85 85 85
-1 æ 36 ö
Þ a + b = cos ç ÷
è 85 ø
8 3 36
Þ sin -1 + sin -1 = cos -1 æç ö÷ [Putting the value of a , b]
17 5 è 85 ø
22. Let x 1 , x 2 Î A.
x1 - 2 x2 - 2
Now, f (x1) = f (x2 ) Þ =
x1 - 3 x2 - 3
Þ ( x 1 - 2)( x 2 - 3) = ( x 1 - 3)( x 2 - 2)
Þ x 1 x 2 - 3x 1 - 2x 2 + 6 = x 1 x 2 - 2x 1 - 3x 2 + 6
Þ -3 x 1 - 2 x 2 = -2 x 1 - 3 x 2
Þ -x1 = -x2 Þ x1 = x2
Hence f is one-one function.
For Onto
x-2
Let y=
x- 3
Þ xy - 3y = x - 2 Þ xy - x = 3y - 2
Þ x( y - 1) = 3y - 2
3y - 2
Þ x= ...(i)
y-1
From above it is obvious that " y except 1, i.e., " y Î B = R - { 1} $ x Î A
Examination Papers – 2012 351
SECTION–C
23. The equation of the plane through three non-collinear points A(3, –1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and C (–1, –1, 6)
can be expressed as
x- 3 y+1 z- 2
5- 3 2+1 4-2 =0
-1 - 3 -1 + 1 6 - 2
x- 3 y+1 z- 2
Þ 2 3 2 =0
-4 0 4
Þ 12( x - 3) - 16( y + 1) + 12(z - 2) = 0
Þ 12x - 16y + 12z - 76 = 0 Þ 3x - 4y + 3z - 19 = 0 is the required equation.
Now, distance of P(6, 5, 9) from the plane is given by
3 ´ 6 - 4(5) + 3( 9) - 19 6 6
= = = units.
9 + 16 + 9 34 34
24. Let E1 , E2 and A be events such that
E1 = student is a hosteler
E2 = student is a day scholar
A = getting A grade.
Now from question
60 6 40 4
P(E1 ) = = , P(E2 ) = =
100 10 100 10
æ A ö 30 3 æ A ö 20 2
Pç E ÷ = = , Pç E ÷ = =
è 1 ø 100 10 è 2 ø 100 10
æE ö
We have to find P ç 1 ÷ .
èAø
P(E1 ). P æç A E ö÷
E è 1ø
Now P æç 1 A ö÷ =
è ø
P(E1 ). P æç A E ö÷ + P(E2 ). P æç A E ö÷
è 1ø è 2ø
6 3 18
.
10 10 100 18 100 18 9
= = = ´ = =
6 3 4 2 18 8 100 26 26 13
. + . +
10 10 10 10 100 100
352 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
12
11
10
5
x+
3y
=1 A(0, 4)
2
4
C(3, 3)
3
B(4, 0)
X’ –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 X
(0, 0)
3x +
–1
y=
12
Y’
b
Q ò f ( x) dx = hlim h[ f ( a) + f ( a + h) + ... + f {a + (n - 1) h}]
®0
a
3
2
\ ò ( 2x + 5x) dx = lim h [ f (1) + f (1 + h) + ... + f {1 + (n - 1) h}]
h ®0
1
= lim h[{2 ´ 1 2 + 5 ´ 1} + {2(1 + h) 2 + 5(1 + h)} + ... + {2(1 - (n - 1) h) 2 + 5((1 + (n - 1) h}]
h ®0
Þ 2y = 10 Þ y=5 Y
0
1=
For intersection of (ii) and (iii) 2x
y+
7 +3
Applying (ii) – (iii) × 2, we get
–2
y–
21
3x
6 =0
2x + 3y - 21 - 2x + 10y - 18 = 0
Þ 13y - 39 = 0 (3, 5)
5
Þ y= 3
Putting y = 3 in (ii), we get 4
(6, 3)
2x + 9 - 21 = 0 3
Þ 2x - 12 = 0 +9=0
2 x – 5y
Þ x=6 (1, 2)
Intersection point of (ii) and (iii) is (6, 3) 1
For intersection of (i) and (iii)
Applying (i) – (iii) × 3, we get X’ –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
3x - 2y + 1 - 3x + 15y - 27 = 0 Y’
Þ 13y - 26 = 0 Þ y = 2
Putting y = 2 in (i), we get
3x - 4 + 1 = 0
Þ x=1
Intersection point of (i) and (iii) is (1, 2)
With the help of point of intersection we draw the graph of lines (i), (ii) and (iii)
Shaded region is required region.
3 6 6
3x + 1 -2x + 21 x+9
\ Area of Required region = ò dx + ò dx - ò dx
2 3 5
1 3 1
3 3 6 6 6 6
3 1 2 1 9
=
2 ò x dx + ò dx - ò x dx + 7 ò dx - ò x dx - ò dx
2 3 5 5
1 1 3 3 1 1
3 6 6
3 é x2 ù
1 3 2 é x2 ù 1 é x2 ù 9
= ê ú [x] 1 - ê ú + 7[x] 63 - ê ú - [x] 61
+
2 êë 2 úû
2 3 ëê 2 úû 5 êë 2 úû 5
1 3 1
3 1 2 1 9
= ( 9 - 1) + ( 3 - 1) - ( 36 - 9) + 7( 6 - 3) - ( 36 - 1) - ( 6 - 1)
4 2 6 10 5
7
= 6 + 1 – 9 + 21 – - 9
2
7 20 - 7 13
= 10 – = =
2 2 2
28. Let r and h be radius and height of given cylinder of surface area S.
If V be the volume of cylinder then
V = pr 2 h
356 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
pr 2 .( S - 2pr 2 ) S - 2 pr 2
V= [Q S = 2pr 2 + 2prh Þ = h]
2 pr 2 pr
Sr - 2pr 3
Þ V=
2
dV 1
Þ = ( S - 6 pr 2 )
dr 2
For maximum or minimum value of V
dV
=0
dr
1
Þ ( S - 6 pr 2 ) = 0 Þ S - 6 pr 2 = 0
2 h
S S
Þ r2 = Þ r=
6p 6p
d 2V 1 r
Now = - ´ 12pr
dr 2 2
d 2V
Þ = -6 pr
dr 2
é d 2V ù
Þ ê 2 ú = –ve
êë dr úû r = S
6p
S
Hence for r = . Volume V is maximum.
6p
S
S - 2p.
6p Þ 3S - S 6p
Þ h= h= ´
S 3 ´ 2p S
2p
6p
2S 6p S
Þ h= . =2
6p S 6p
é S ù
Þ h = 2r (diameter) êQ r = ú
ë 6p û
Therefore, for maximum volume height of cylinder in equal to diameter of its base.
29. The given system of equation can be written in matric form as AX = B
é 1 -1 2 ù é xù é7 ù
A = 3 4 -5 , X = y , B = ê -5 ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 2 -1 3 úû êë z úû êë 12 úû
1 -1 2
Now,|A|= 3 4 -5 = 1(12 - 5) + 1( 9 + 10) + 2( -3 - 8)
2 -1 3
= 7 + 19 - 22 = 4 ¹ 0
Examination Papers – 2012 357
é xù é8ù é xù é 2 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 4 ú Þ ê yú = ê 1 ú
ê ú 4ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë12úû êë z úû êë 3úû
Equating the corresponding elements, we get
x = 2, y = 1, z = 3
OR
é -1 1 2 ù
Let A = ê 1 2 3ú
ê ú
êë 3 1 1 úû
For applying elementary row operation we write,
A = IA
é -1 1 2 ù é 1 0 0 ù
ê 1 2 3ú = ê 0 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 1 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 1 « R 2 , we get
é 1 2 3ù é 0 1 0ù
ê -1 1 2 ú = ê 1 0 0 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 1 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying R 2 ® R 2 + R 1 and R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 1 , we get
é1 2 3 ù é 0 1 0ù
ê 0 3 5 ú = ê1 1 0ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 -5 -8úû êë 0 -3 1 úû
2
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 , we get
3
é1 0 - 1 ù é - 2 1 ù
ê 3ú ê 3 3 0ú
ê0 3 5 ú=ê 1 1 0ú A
ê 0 -5 -8 ú ê 0 -3 1 úû
ë û ë
1
Applying R 2 ® R , we get
3 2
é1 0 - 1 ù é - 2 1 ù
ê 3ú ê 3 3 0ú
5 1 1
ê0 1 3 ú=ê 3 3 0ú A
ê 0 -5 -8 ú ê 0 -3 1 úû
ë û ë
Applying R 3 ® R 3 + 5R 2 , we get
é1 0 - 1 3ù é - 2 3 1 3 0ù
ê 5 ú=ê 1 1 ú
ê0 1 3 ú ê 3 3 0ú A
ê0 0 1 ú ê 5 4 ú
ë 3 û ë 3 - 3 1û
Examination Papers – 2012 359
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 3 and R 2 ® R 2 - 5R 3
é1 0 0ù é1 -1 1ù
ê ú ê ú
ê0 1 0 ú = ê -8 7 -5 ú A
ê0 0 1 ú ê5 4 ú
ë 3û ë 3 - 3 1 û
Applying R 3 ® 3R 3 , we get
é 1 0 0 ù é 1 -1 1 ù
ê 0 1 0 ú = ê -8 7 -5 ú A
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 5 -4 3 úû
é 1 -1 1 ù
Hence A -1
= ê -8 7 -5 ú
ê ú
êë 5 -4 3 úû
Set–II
® ® ®
9. a + b + c = (i$ - 2j$) + ( 2i$ - 3j$) + ( 2i$ + 3k$)
= 5i$ - 5j$ + 3k$
5 8
10. Co-factor of a 32 = ( -1) 3 + 2 = -(5 - 16) = 11
2 1
1 1 1
19. LHS = a b c
3 3
a b c3
Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C 1 , C 3 ® C 3 - C 1 , we get
1 0 0
= a b-a c-a
a3 b 3 - a3 c3 - a3
dy
22. Given ( x + 1) = 2e - y - 1
dx
dy dx
Þ =
-y
2e - 1 x + 1
Integrating both sides we get
dy dx
ò 2e - y - 1 = ò x + 1
e y dy
Þ ò 2 - ey = log|x + 1|+ c
dz
Þ -ò = log|x + 1|+ c [Let 2 - e y = z Þ - e y dy = dz Þ e y dy = - dz]
z
Þ - log z = log|x + 1|+ c
Þ - log|2 - e y|= log|x + 1|+ c
Þ ( x + 1)( 2 - e y ) = k
Putting x = 0, y = 0, we get
1.( 2 - e 0 ) = k Þ k =1
Therefore, required particular solution is
( x + 1)( 2 - e y ) = 1
28. Let E1 , E2 , A be events such that
E1 = getting 5 or 6 in a single throw of die
E2 = getting 1, 2, 3 or 4 in a single throw of a die
A = getting exactly two heads
æE ö
P ç 2 ÷ is required.
èAø
2 1 4 2
Now, P(E1 ) = = and P(E2 ) = =
6 3 6 3
æAö 3
Pç ÷ = [Q {HHH, HHT, HTT, TTT, TTH, THH, THT, HTH}]
è E1 ø 8
æAö 1
Pç ÷ = [{HH, HT, TH, TT}]
è E2 ø 4
362 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æAö
P(E2 ). P ç ÷
æE ö è E2 ø
\ Pç 2 ÷ =
èAø æAö æAö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷ + P(E2 ). P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø
2 1 1 1
´
3 4 1 24 4
= = 6 = 6 = ´ =
1 3 2 1 1 1 3+4 6 7 7
´ + ´ +
3 8 3 4 8 6 24
29. Given lines are
3x - y - 3 = 0 ...(i)
2x + y - 12 = 0 ...(ii)
x - 2y - 1 = 0 ...(iii)
For intersecting point of (i) and (ii)
(i) + (ii) Þ 3x - y - 3 + 2x + y - 12 = 0
Þ 5x - 15 = 0
Þ x= 3
Putting x = 3 in (i), we get
9-y- 3=0
Þ y=6
Intersecting point of (i) and (ii) is (3, 6)
For intersecting point of (ii) and (iii)
(ii) – 2 × (iii) Þ 2x + y - 12 - 2x + 4y + 2 = 0
Þ 5y - 10 = 0
Þ y=2
Putting y = 2 in (ii) we get
2x + 2 - 12 = 0
Þ x=5
Intersecting point of (ii) and (iii) is (5, 2).
For Intersecting point of (i) and (iii)
(i) – 3 × (iii) Þ 3x - y - 3 - 3x + 6y + 3 = 0
Þ 5y = 0
Þ y=0
Putting y = 0 in (i), we get
3x - 3 = 0
Þ x=1
Intersecting point (i) and (iii) is (1, 0).
Examination Papers – 2012 363
2x
Y
=0
+y
y–3
–1
7
2=
3x –
0
6 (3, 6)
2 (5, 2)
=0
1 y –1
x –2
(1, 0)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X
Set–III
® ® ®
9. a + b + c = i$ - 3k$ + 2j$ - k$ + 2i$ - 3j$ + 2k$
= 3i$ - j$ - 2k$
1 3
10. Minor of a 22 = = 8 - 15 = -7
5 8
364 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1+a 1 1
19. LHS = D = 1 1+b 1
1 1 1+c
Taking out a, b, c common from I, II, and III row respectively, we get
1 1 1
+1
a a a
1 1 1
D = abc +1
b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + +1 + + +1 + + +1
a b c a b c a b c
1 1 1
D = abc +1
b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
1 1 1
æ 1 1 1 ö 1 1 1
= abc ç + + + 1÷ +1
èa b c ø b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C 1 , C 3 ® C 3 - C 1 , we get
1 0 0
1 1 1 1
D = abc æç + + + 1ö÷ 1 0
èa b c ø b
1
0 1
c
1 1 1
= abc æç + + + 1ö÷ ´ (1 ´ 1 ´ 1) (Qthe determinant of a triangular matrix
èa b c ø
is the product of its diagonal elements.)
1 1 1 æ bc + ac + ab + abc ö
= abc æç + + + 1ö÷ = abc ç ÷ = ab + bc + ca + abc = R.H.S.
èa b c ø è abc ø
20. Q y = sin -1 x
dy 1 dy
Þ = Þ 1 - x2 =1
dx 1 - x2 dx
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy 1 ´ (– 2x)
1 - x2 + . =0
dx 2 dx 2 1 - x 2
Examination Papers – 2012 365
d2y xdy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) – =0
2 dx
dx
21. Given differential equation is
dy
xy = ( x + 2)( y + 2)
dx
y x+2
Þ dy = dx
y+2 x
Integrating both sides
y æ 2ö
ò y + 2 dy = ò çè1 + ÷ dx
xø
æ 2 ö æ 2ö
Þ ò çè1 - y + 2 ÷ø dy = ò çè1 + x ÷ø dx
Þ y - 2 log|y + 2| = x + 2 log|x| + c … (i)
Given that y = – 1 when x = 1
\ -1 - 2 log 1 = 1 + 2 log|1 |+ C
Þ C = -2
\ The required particular solution is
y - 2 log|y + 2| = x + 2 log|x| - 2
22. Let the equation of line passing through the point (2, –1, 3) be
x- 2 y+1 z- 3
= = ...(i)
a b c
Given lines are
®
r = (i$ + j$ - k$) + l( 2i$ - 2j$ + k$)...(ii)
®
r = ( 2i$ - j$ - 3k$) + m(i$ + 2j$ + 2k$) ...(iii)
Since (i), (ii) and (i), (iii) are perpendicular to each other
Þ 2a - 2b + c = 0
a + 2b + 2c = 0
a b c
Þ = =
-4 - 2 1 - 4 4 + 2
a b c
Þ = = = l (say)
-6 -3 6
Þ a = -6 l, b = -3 l, c = 6 l
Putting it in (i) we get required equation of line as
x- 2 y+1 z- 3
= =
-6l -3 l 6l
x-2 z- 3
Þ = y+1=
2 –2
366 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
5 (4, 5)
x
+
4
y
0
–
9
10 =
=
0
3
2y –
5x –
2
(7, 2)
0
1 4=
5y –
2x –
(2, 0)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three Sections A, B and C. Section A
comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each
and Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the exact
requirement of the question.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of four marks each
and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. The binary operation * : R × R ® R is defined as a * b = 2a + b. Find (2 * 3) * 4
2. Find the principal value of tan–1 3 - sec–1 (-2).
3. Find the value of x + y from the following equation:
éx 5 ù é 3 -4 ù é 7 6 ù
2ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë7 y - 3û ë 1 2 û ë15 14û
é 3 4ù
é -1 2 1ù
4. If A = ê -1
T
2ú and B = ê , then find AT – BT.
ê ú ë 1 2 3 úû
êë 0 1 úû
5. Let A be a square matric of order 3 × 3. Write the value of 2A, where A = 4.
2
6. Evaluate: ò 4 – x 2 dx
0
x
7. Given òe (tan x + 1) sec x dx = e x f ( x) + c.
Write f(x) satisfying the above.
8. Write the value of (i$ ´ j$ ) . k$ + i$ . j$ .
Examination Papers – 2012 369
®
9. Find the scalar components of the vector AB with initial point A (2,1) and terminal point B (–5, 7).
10. Find the distance of the plane 3x – 4y + 12z = 3 from the origin.
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
3 3 6
11. Prove the following: cos æç sin –1 + cot –1 ö÷ =
è 5 2 ø 5 13
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
2x + 3y + 3z = 5, x – 2y + z = – 4, 3x – y – 2z = 3
24. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which can
be inscribed in a given cone is half of that of the cone.
OR
An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of cardboard of area
c3
c2 square units. Show that the maximum volume of the box is cubic units.
6 3
x sin –1 x
25. Evaluate: ò dx
1 – x2
OR
2
x +1
Evaluate: ò ( x - 1) 2 ( x + 3) dx
26. Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 4, x + y ³ 2}.
x– 1 y– 2 z– 3 x– 1 y- 2 z - 3
27. If the lines = = and = – are perpendicular, find the value of k
–3 –2k 2 k 1 5
and hence find the equation of plane containing these lines.
28. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin 3 times and notes the number
of heads. If she gets 1,2,3 or 4 she tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is
obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1,2,3, or 4
with the die?
29. A dietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that the vitamin contents of
the mixture contains at least 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food I
contains 2 units/kg of vitamin A and 1 units/kg of vitamin C while Food II contains 1
unit/kg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin C. It costs `5 per kg to purchase Food I and
`7 per kg to purchase Food II. Determine the minimum cost of such a mixture. Formulate the
above as a LPP and solve it graphically.
Examination Papers – 2012 371
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
10. Write the value of ( k$ ´ j$) . i$ + j$ . k$
4 12 33
19. Prove that: cos -1 æç ö÷ + cos -1 æç ö÷ = cos -1 æç ö÷
è5 ø è 13 ø è 65 ø
d2y dy
20. If y = (tan–1 x)2 , show that ( x 2 + 1) 2 + 2x ( x 2 + 1) = 2.
2 dx
dx
21. Find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy p
+ y cot x = 4x cos ec x, (x ¹ 0) given that y = 0 when x = .
dx 2
22. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through the points (3,–4, –5) and (2,–3, 1)
crosses the plane 2x + y + z = 7.
28. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
x + y – z = 3; 2x + 3y + z = 10; 3x – y – 7z = 1
29. Find the length and the foot of the perpendicular from the point P (7, 14, 5) to the plane
2x + 4y - z = 2. Also find the image of point P in the plane.
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given
10. Find the value of x + y from the following equation:
é 1 3ù é y 0ù é5 6ù
2ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 x û ë 1 2û ë1 8û
t d2y d2y
19. If x = a æç cos t + log tan ö÷, y = a sin t, find and .
è 2ø dt 2 dx 2
20. Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line through the points (3, –4, –5) and (2, –3, 1)
crosses the plane 3x + 2y + z + 14 = 0.
21. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation.
dy y
x – y + x sin æç ö÷ = 0, given that when x = 2, y = p
dx è xø
12 3 56
22. Prove that: cos –1 æç ö÷ + sin –1 æç ö÷ = sin –1 æç ö÷
è 13 ø è5ø è 65 ø
28. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular and the length of the perpendicular drawn
®
from the point P (5, 4, 2) to the line r = - i$ + 3j$ + k$ + l( 2i$ + 3j$ - k$). Also find the image of P
in this line.
29. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations.
3x + 4y + 7z = 4
2x – y + 3z = –3
x + 2y – 3z = 8
372 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. (2 * 3) * 4 = (2 × 2 +3) * 4
= 7*4
= 2 × 7 + 4 = 18
2. tan - 1 ( 3 ) - sec - 1 ( - 2)
p p é æ p pö ù
= tan - 1 æç tan ö÷ - sec - 1 æç - sec ö÷
-1
è ê tan (tan x) = x if x Î çè - 2 , 2 ÷ø ú
3ø è 3ø ê ú
p p ù p 2p ö ê p æ p pö ú
é
= - sec - 1 ê sec æç p - ö÷ ú = - sec - 1 æç sec ÷ ê Here 3 Î çè - 2 , 2 ÷ø ú
3 ë è ø
3 û 3 è 3ø ê ú
ê -1 pú
p 2p p ê also, sec (sec x ) = x if x Î [0, p ] -
= - =- . 2ú
3 3 3 ê ú
ê Here 2p p ú
5 ù é 3 -4 ù é 7 6 ù Î [0, p ] -
éx êë 3 2 úû
3. Given: 2ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë7 y - 3û ë 1 2 û ë15 14û
é 2x 10 ù é 3 -4ù é 7 6 ù
Þ ê 14 2y - 6ú + ê 1 2 ú = ê15 14ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 2x + 3 6 ù é7 6ù
Þ ê 15 =
ë 2 y - 4úû êë15 14úû
Equating the corresponding element we get
2x + 3 = 7 and 2y - 4 = 14
7-3 14 + 4
Þ x= and y =
2 2
Þ x=2 and y = 9
\ x + y = 2 + 9 = 11
é -1 2 1 ù
4. Given: B=ê ú
ë 1 2 3û
é –1 1 ù
\ BT = ê 2 2ú
ê ú
êë 1 3úû
é3 4ù é –1 1ù é4 3ù
T ê ú ê
T
Now A - B = –1 2 – 2 2 ú = ê –3 0ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 0 1 úû êë 1 3úû êë –1 – 2úû
Examination Papers – 2012 373
SECTION–B
11. Here
3 3
LHS = cos æç sin –1 + cot -1 ö÷
è 5 2ø
3 3
Let sin –1 = q and cot –1 = f
5 2
3 3
Þ sin q = and cot f =
5 2
4 2 3
Þ cos q = and sin f = , cos f =
5 13 13
\ LHS = cos (q + f)
= cos q. cos f – sin q ´ sin f
4 3 3 2 12 6 6
= . – . = – =
5 13 5 13 5 13 5 13 5 13
b+c a a
12. LHS = b c+a b
c c a +b
Applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 we get
2(b + c) 2( c + a) 2( a + b)
= b c+a b
c c a+b
Taking 2 common from R1 we get
(b + c) ( c + a) ( a + b)
=2 b c+a b
c c a+b
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - R 1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R 1 we get
(b + c) ( c + a) ( a + b)
= 2 –c 0 -a
–b -a 0
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3 we get
0 c b
= 2 – c 0 -a
-b - a 0
Expanding along R1 we get
= 2 [0 – c (0 – ab) + b (ac – 0)]
= 2 [abc + abc]
= 4 abc
Examination Papers – 2012 375
Þ * is not associative.
Hence, ‘*’ is commutative but not associative.
For Operation ‘o’
o : R × R ® R s.t.
aob = a
Commutativity " a, b Î R
aob = a and boa = b
Q a ¹ b Þ aob ¹ boa
Þ ‘o’ is not commutative.
Associativity: " a, b, c Î R
(aob) oc = aoc = a
ao(boc) = aob = a
Þ (aob) oc = ao (boc)
Þ ‘o’ is associative
Hence ‘o’ is not commutative but associative.
- 1t
14. Given x = a sin
Taking log on both sides, we have
- 1 t 1/ 2
log x = log ( a sin )
1 -1 1
= log ( a sin t ) = ´ sin - 1 t . log a
2 2
1 -1
log x = sin t . log a
2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we have
1 dx 1 1
= log a ´
x dt 2 1 - t2
æ ö
dx 1 1
\ = x ç log a ´ ÷
dt ç 2 ÷
è 1 - t2 ø
- 1t
Again, y = a cos
Taking log on both sides, we have
1 -1
log y = log a cos t
2
1
Þ log y = ´ cos - 1 t log a
2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we have
1 dy 1 -1
= log a ´
y dt 2 1 - t2
Examination Papers – 2012 377
dy 1 -1
= y ´ log a ´
dt 2 1 - t2
1 1
y´
log a ´ -
2 1 - t2
dy dy / dt dy y
\ = = Þ =-
dx dx / dt 1 1 dx x
x ´ log a ´
2 1 - t2
OR
é 1 + x2 - 1ù
Let y = tan -1 ê ú
êë x úû
-p -1 dt 1 dt éQ – a f ( x) dx = - a f ( x) dx and 2 a f ( x) dx = 2 a f ( x) dxù
I=
2 ò1 1+t 2
=pò
0
1+t 2 êë ò a ò- a ò0 ò0 úû
p p2
= p [tan -1 t] 10 = p [tan -1 1 - tan -1 0] = p é - 0ù =
êë 4 úû 4
18. Let C denotes the family of circles in the second quadrant and touching the coordinate axes.
Let ( - a, a) be the coordinate of the centre of any member of this family (see figure).
Equation representing the family C is Y
( x + a) 2 + ( y - a) 2 = a 2 ...(i)
(–a, a)
or x 2 + y 2 + 2ax - 2ay + a 2 = 0 ...(ii)
Differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t. x, we get X' X
O
dy dy
2x + 2y + 2a - 2a =0
dx dx
dy æ dy ö
or x+y = a ç - 1÷
dx è dx ø Y'
x + yy ¢ æ dy ö
or a= çy ¢ = ÷
y¢ - 1 è dx ø
Substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get
2 2 2
é x + yy ¢ ù é x + yy' ù é x + yy ¢ ù
êx + ú + êy - ú =ê ú
ë y¢ - 1 û ë y¢ - 1 û ë y¢ - 1 û
or [xy ¢ - x + x + yy ¢] 2 + [yy ¢ - y - x - yy ¢] 2 = [x + yy ¢] 2
or ( x + y) 2 y ¢ 2 + ( x + y) 2 = ( x + yy ¢) 2
or ( x + y) 2 [( y ¢) 2 + 1] = [x + yy ¢] 2 , is the required differential equation representing
the given family of circles.
OR
Given differential equation is
dy
x ( x 2 - 1) = 1,
dx
dx
dy =
x( x 2 - 1)
dx
Þ dy =
x( x - 1)( x + 1)
Integrating both sides we get
dx
ò dy = ò x( x - 1)( x + 1)
dx
Þ y =ò ...(i)
x( x - 1)( x + 1)
Examination Papers – 2012 381
1 A B C
= + +
x( x - 1)( x + 1) x x - 1 x + 1
1 A( x - 1)( x + 1) + B x ( x + 1) + C x ( x - 1)
Þ =
x( x - 1)( x + 1) x( x - 1)( x + 1)
Þ 1 = A( x - 1)( x + 1) + Bx ( x + 1) + Cx ( x - 1)
1
Putting x = 1 we get 1= 0 + B. 1. 2 + 0 Þ B=
2
1
Putting x = -1 we get 1 = 0 + 0 + C .(-1).(-2) Þ C =
2
Putting x = 0 we get 1= A (-1).1 Þ A = -1
1 -1 1 1
Hence = + +
x( x - 1)( x + 1) x 2( x - 1) 2( x + 1)
From (i)
æ 1 1 1 ö
y = ò ç- + + ÷ dx
è x 2( x - 1) 2( x + 1) ø
dx 1 dx 1 dx
Þ y = -ò + ò + ò
x 2 x-1 2 x+1
1 1
Þ y = – log x + log x - 1 + log x + 1 + log c
2 2
1
Þ 2y = 2 log + log x 2 - 1 + 2 log c
x
x2 - 1
Þ 2y = log + log c 2 ...(ii)
2
x
When x = 2, y = 0
4-1
Þ 0 = log + log c 2
4
3
Þ log c2 = – log
4
2 3
Putting log c = - log in (ii) we get
4
x2 - 1 3
2y = log – log
2 4
x
1 x2 - 1 1 3
Þ y= log – log
2 2 2 4
x
19. Given differential equation is
(1 + x 2 ) dy + 2xy dx = cot x. dx
dy 2x cot x
Þ + .y =
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
382 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy
It is in the form of + Py = Q. Where
dx
2x cot x
P= ,Q=
2
1+x 1 + x2
Pdx
\ I. F. = e ò
2x
ò dx
=e 1+ x 2
dz
ò
= e z [Let 1 + x2 = z Þ 2x dx = dz]
2
= e log z = e log (1 + x )
= 1 + x2 [ Q e log z = z]
Hence the solution is
y ´ I . F = ò Q ´ I . F dx + c
cot x
Þ y(1 + x 2 ) = ò .(1 + x 2 ) dx + c
1 + x2
Þ y(1 + x 2 ) = ò cot x dx + c
cos x dx
Þ y(1 + x 2 ) = ò +c
sin x
Þ y(1 + x 2 ) = log sin x + c
log sin x c
Þ y= +
2
1+x 1 + x2
20. Given,
® ® ®
a = i$ + 4j$ + 2k$, b = 3i$ - 2j$ + 7 k$, c = 2i$ - j$ + 4k$
® ® ® ® ® ®
Vector p is perpendicular to both a and b i.e., p is parallel to vector a ´ b .
i$ j$ k$
® ® 4 2 1 2 1 4
\ a´b = 1 4 2 = i$ - j$ + k$ = 32i$ - j$ - 14k$
-2 7 3 7 3 -2
3 -2 7
® ® ®
Since p is parallel to a ´ b
®
\ p = m ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$)
® ®
Also, p . c = 18
Þ m ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$) .( 2i$ - j$ + 4k$) = 18
Þ m ( 64 + 1 - 56) = 18 Þ 9m = 18 or m=2
®
\ p = 2 ( 32i$ - j$ - 14k$) = 64i$ - 2j$ - 28k$
Examination Papers – 2012 383
21. Let P (a, b, g) be the point at which the given line crosses the xy plane.
Now the equation of given line is
x- 3 y- 4 z-1 A (3,4,1)
= = …(i)
2 -3 5
Since P (a, b, g) lie on line (i)
a - 3 b - 4 g -1
\ = = = l (say) P(a,b,g)
2 -3 5
z=0
Þ a = 2l + 3; b = -3l + 4
and g = 5l + 1
Also P (a, b, g) lie on given xy plane, i.e., z = 0
B (5,1,6)
\ 0. a + 0. b + g = 0
Þ 5l + 1 = 0 Þ l = - 15 .
Hence the coordinates of required points are
1 13
a = 2 ´ æç - ö÷ + 3 =
è 5ø 5
1 23
b = –3 ´ æç - ö÷ + 4 =
è 5ø 5
1
g = 5 ´ æç - ö÷ + 1 = 0
è 5ø
13 23 ö
i.e., required point in æç , , 0÷.
è5 5 ø
22. Total no. of cards in the deck = 52
Number of red cards = 26
No. of cards drawn = 2 simultaneously
\ X = value of random variable = 0, 1, 2
X or xi P(X) xi P( X ) xi2P( X )
26
0 C 0 ´ 26 C 2 25 0 0
52
=
C2 102
26
1 C1 ´ 26 C1 52 52 52
52
= 102 102
C2 102
26
2 C 0 ´ 26 C 2 25 50 100
52
= 102 102
C2 102
Sxi P(X) = 1 152
Sxi 2 P(X) =
102
SECTION–C
23. The given system of equation can be represented in matrix form as AX = B, where
é2 3 3 ù éx ù é 5ù
A = 1 -2 1 , X = y , B = ê -4 ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 3 -1 -2úû êë z úû êë 3 úû
2 3 3
Now A = 1 -2 1 = 2 (4 + 1) –3 (–2–3) + 3 (–1 + 6)
3 -1 -2
= 10 + 15 + 15 = 40 ¹ 0
-2 1
C11 = (-1) 1+1 =4+1=5
-1 - 2
1 1
C12 = (-1) 1+2 = – (-2 - 3) = 5
3 -2
1 -2
C13 = (-1) 1+3 = (-1 + 6) = 5
3 -1
3 3
C21 = (-1) 2+1 = -(-6 + 3) = 3
-1 - 2
2 3
C22 = (-1) 2+2 = (-4 - 9) = - 13
3 -2
2 3
C23 = (-1) 2+3 = -(-2 - 9) = 11
3 -1
3 3
C31 = (-1) 3+1 = (3 + 6) = 9
-2 1
2 3
C32 = (-1) 3+2 = -(2 - 3) = 1
1 1
2 3
C33 = (-1) 3+3 = -4 - 3 = - 7
1 -2
T
é5 5 5 ù é5 3 9ù
ê
Adj A = 3 - 13 11 ú = 5 - 13 1 ú
ê
ê ú ê ú
êë 9 1 - 7 úû êë5 11 - 7 úû
é5 3 9ù
1 1 ê
A –1
= adj A = 5 - 13 1 ú
A 40 ê ú
êë5 11 - 7 úû
Examination Papers – 2012 385
\ AX = B Þ X = A –1 B
é xù é5 3 9 ù é 5ù
\ ê yú = 1 ê5 - 13 1 ú ê – 4ú
ê ú 40 ê ú ê ú
êëz úû ëê5 11 - 7 úû êë 3úû
é 25 - 12 + 27 ù
1 ê
= 25 + 52 + 3 ú
40 ê ú
êë 25 - 44 - 21 úû
é 40ù
1 ê
= 80ú
40 ê ú
êë – 40 úû
é xù é 1 ù
ê yú = ê 2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êëz úû êë -1úû
Equating the corresponding elements we get
x = 1, y = 2, z = -1
24. Let r and h be the radius and height of right circular A
cylinder inscribed in a given cone of radius R and height
H. If S be the curved surface area of cylinder then
S = 2prh
Q D AOC ~ D FEC
(R - r) OC AO
Þ S = 2pr . .H r
R Þ = G F H
EC FE
2pH
Þ S= (rR - r 2 ) R H
R Þ = h
R -r h
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. r, ( R - r). H
we get Þh=
R B D O E C
dS 2pH
= ( R - 2r) R
dr R
For maxima and minima
dS
=0
dr
2pH
Þ ( R - 2r) = 0
R
R
Þ R - 2r = 0 Þ r=
2
d 2 S 2pH
Now, = ( 0 - 2)
dr 2 R
é d 2 Sù 4pH
Þ ê ú =- = -ve
êë dr úû r = R R
2
386 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
R
Hence for r = S is maximum.
2
i.e., radius of cylinder is half of that of cone.
OR
Let the length, breadth and height of open box with square base be x, x and h unit respectively.
If V be the volume of box then
V = x.x. h
Þ V = x2h ....(i)
2 2
Also c = x + 4xh
c2 - x2
Þ h=
4x
Putting it in (i) we get
h
x 2 (c 2 - x 2 ) c2x x 3 x
V= Þ V= - x
4x 4 4
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get
dV c 2 3x 2
= -
dx 4 4
Now for maxima or minima
dV
=0
dx
c 2 3x 2 3x 2 c 2
Þ - =0 Þ =
4 4 4 4
c2 c
Þ x2 = Þ x=
3 3
d 2V 6x 3x
Now, =- =-
2 4 2
dx
é d 2V ù 3c
\ ê 2ú =- = -ve.
êë dx úû x = c 2 3
3
c
Hence, for x = volume of box is maximum.
3
c2 - x2
\ h=
4x
c2
c2 - 2
= 3 = 2c ´ 3 = c
c 3 4c 2 3
4
3
Examination Papers – 2012 387
x2 + 1 3 1 5
\ = + +
2 8( x - 1) 2( x - 1) 2 8( x + 3)
( x - 1) ( x + 3)
x2 + 1 æ 3 1 5 ö
\ ò ( x - 1) 2 ( x + 3) dx = ò çè 8( x - 1) 2( x - 1) 2 8( x + 3) ÷÷ø dx
ç + +
3 dx 1 5 dx
= ò + ò ( x - 1) -2 dx + ò
8 x-1 2 8 x+ 3
3 1 5
= log x - 1 - + log x + 3 + c
8 2( x - 1) 8
26. Let R = {( x, y): x 2 + y 2 £ 4, x + y ³ 2}
Þ R = {( x, y): x 2 + y 2 £ 4} Ç {( x, y): x + y ³ 2}
i.e., R = R1 Ç R2 where
R 1 = {( x, y): x 2 + y 2 £ 4} and R 2 = {( x, y): x + y ³ 2}
For region R1
Obviously x 2 + y 2 = 4 is a circle having centre at (0,0) and radius 2.
Since (0,0) satisfy x 2 + y 2 £ 4. Therefore region R1 is the region lying interior of circle
x2 + y2 = 4
For region R2
x 0 2
y 2 0
2 1 4 2
We have, P(E1 ) = = , P(E2 ) = =
6 3 6 3
P( A / E1 ) = Probability of getting exactly one head when a coin is tossed three times
1 1 1 2 3
= 3 C 1 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ =
è 2ø è 2ø 8
1
P( A / E2 ) = Probability of getting exactly one head when a coin is tossed once only =
2
Now,
Required probability = P(E2 / A)
2 1
´
P(E2 ) P( A / E2 ) 3 2
= =
P(E1 ) P( A / E1 ) + P(E2 ) P( A / E2 ) 1 ´ 3 + 1 ´ 2
3 8 2 3
1
1 24 8
= 3 = ´ =
1 1 3 11 11
+
8 3
29. Let the mixture contain x kg of Food I and y kg of Food II.
According to question we have following constraints:
2x + y ³ 8 ...(i)
x + 2y ³ 10 ...(ii)
x³0 ...(iii)
y³0 ...(iv)
It z be the total cost of purchasing x kg of Food I and y kg of Food II then
Z = 5x + 7 y ...(v)
Here we have to minimise Z subject to the constraints (i) to (iv)
On plotting inequalities (i) to (iv) we get shaded region having corner points A, B, C which is
required feasible region.
Now we evaluate Z at the corner points A (0, 8), B (2, 4) and C (10, 0)
Corner Point Z = 5x + 7y
A (0, 8) 56
B (2, 4) 38 Minimum
C (10, 0) 50
Since feasible region is unbounded. Therefore we have to draw the graph of the inequality.
5x + 7 y < 38 ...(vi)
Since the graph of inequality (vi) is that open half plane which does not have any point
common with the feasible region.
Examination Papers – 2012 391
8 A(0, 8)
6
x+
2y
=1
0
5
B(2, 4)
4
C(10, 0)
X’ –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X
2x
5x
+
+
–1 7y
y=
=3
8
8
–2
Y’
Set–II
10. ( k$ ´ j$) . i$ + j$. k$ = - i$ . i$ + 0 = -1 + 0 = -1
4 12
19. Let cos -1 = x , cos –1 =y [x, y Î[o, p]]
5 13
4 12
Þ cos x = , cos y =
5 13
4 2 12 2
\ sin x = 1 - æç ö÷ , sin y = 1 - æç ö÷ [Q x, y Î [0, p] Þ sin x and sin y are +ve]
è5 ø è 13 ø
3 5
Þ sin x = , sin y =
5 13
Now cos ( x + y) = cos x . cos y - sin x . sin y
4 12 3 5
= ´ - ´
5 13 5 13
392 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
33
Þ cos ( x + y) =
65
-1 æ 33 ö éQ 33 Î [-1, 1]ù
Þ x + y = cos ç ÷
è 65 ø ëê 65 ûú
Putting the value of x and y we get
4 12 33
cos -1 + cos -1 = cos –1 æç ö÷ Proved.
5 13 è 65 ø
20. Refer to CBSE Delhi Set-I Q.No. 19.
dy dy
21. Given differential equation is + y cot x = 4x cosec x and is of the type + Py = Q where
dx dx
P = cot x, Q = 4x cosec x
Pdx
\ I.F. = e ò
cot xdx
\ I.F. = e ò = e log|sin x| = sin x
Its solution is given by
Þ sin x . y = ò 4x cosec x. sin x dx
4x 2
Þ y sin x = ò 4x dx = +C Þ y sin x = 2x 2 + C
2
p
Now y = 0 when x =
2
p2 p2
\ 0=2´ + C ÞC = -
4 2
Hence, the particular solution of given differential equation is
p2
y sin x = 2x 2 -
2
22. The equation of line passing through the point (3, - 4, -5) and (2, -3, 1) is
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
= =
2 - 3 -3 + 4 1 + 5
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
Þ = = ...(i)
-1 1 6 A (3, –4, –5)
Let the line (i) crosses the plane 2x + y + z = 7 ...(ii) at point P (a , b , g )
Q P lies on line (i), therefore (a , b , g ) satisfy equation (i)
a - 3 b + 4 g +5
\ = = = l (say)
-1 1 6 P (a,b,g)
Þ a = -l + 3
b=l-4 2x + y + z = 7
g = 6l - 5
B (2, –3,1)
Also P (a , b , g ) lie on plane (ii)
\ 2a + b + g = 7
Examination Papers – 2012 393
Þ 2 ( - l + 3) + ( l - 4) + ( 6l - 5) = 7
Þ -2 l + 6 + l - 4 + 6 l - 5 = 7
Þ 5l = 10 Þ l=2
Hence the co-ordinate of required point P is (-2 + 3, 2 - 4, 6 × 2 -5) i.e., (1, -2, 7)
28. The given system of linear equations may be written in matrix form as:
AX = B
é 1 1 – 1 ù é xù é 3 ù
i.e., ê2 3 1 ú ê yú = ê10ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 3 – 1 – 7 úû êë z úû êë 1 úû
1 1 –1
Now, |A| = 2 3 1
3 –1 –7
= 1 (– 21 + 1) – 1 (– 14 – 3) – 1(– 2– 9)
= – 20 + 17 + 11 = 8 ¹ 0
C11 = – 20 C12 = 17 C13 = – 11
C21 = + 8 C22 = – 4 C23 = 4
C31 = 4 C32 = – 3 C33 = 1
¢
é - 20 17 - 11ù é - 20 8 4 ù
\ ê
Adj A = + 8 - 4 4 = 17 - 4 – 3ú
ú ê
ê ú ê ú
êë 4 – 3 1 úû êë - 11 4 1 úû
é - 20 8 4ù
1 1ê
Þ A –1
= Adj A = + 17 - 4 –3ú
|A| 8ê ú
êë - 11 4 1 úû
Now, AX = B Þ X = A–1B
é xù é - 20 8 4ù é 3 ù é – 60 + 80 + 4ù é 24ù é 3ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê + 17 - 4 – 3ú ê10ú = 1 ê 51 – 40 – 3 ú = 1 ê 8 ú = 1 ê 1 ú
ê ú 8ê úê ú 8ê ú 8ê ú 8ê ú
êë z úû êë - 11 4 1 úû êë 1 úû êë – 33 + 40 + 1úû êë 8 úû êë 1 úû
On equating, we get
P (7, 14, 5)
x = 3, y = 1, z = 1
29. Let Q (a, b, g) be the foot of perpendicular from P to the given plane
2x + 4y - z = 2 ...(i)
Let P ¢ ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) be the image of P in the plane (i) Q (a, b, g)
®
Now PQ = (a - 7 )i$ + (b - 14) j$ + ( g - 5) k$
2x + 4y – z = 2
Also, Normal vector of plane (i) is
®
N = 2i$ + 4j$ - k$ P' (x1, y1, z1)
394 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ®
Since PQ || N
a - 7 b - 14 g - 5
\ = = = l (say)
2 4 -1
Þ a = 2l + 7
b = 4l + 14
g = –l + 5
Again Q Q (a , b , g ) lie on plane (i)
\ 2a + 4b - g = 2
2 ( 2l + 7) + 4( 4l + 14) - ( - l + 5) = 2
Þ 4l + 14 + 16l + 56 + l - 5 - 2 = 0
Þ 21l + 63 = 0
Þ 21l = -63 Þ l = –3
Þ the coordinates of Q are (2×(-3)+7, 4×(-3)+14, - (-3) + 5) i.e., (1, 2, 8)
\ Length of perpendicular = (7 - 1) 2 + (14 - 2) 2 + (5 - 8) 2
= 36 + 144 + 9
= 189 = 3 21
Also Q (1, 2, 8) in mid point of PP’
7 + x1
\ 1= Þ x 1 = -5
2
14 + y 1
2= Þ y 1 = -10
2
5 + z1
8= Þ z1 = 11
2
Hence the required image is (-5, -10, 11).
Set–III
10. Given:
é 1 3ù é y 0ù é5 6ù
2ê ú+ê ú=ê 8úû
ë 0 x û ë 1 2û ë1
é 2 6 ù é y 0ù é5 6ù
Þ ê 0 2xú + ê 1 2ú = ê1
ë û ë û ë 8úû
é2 + y 6 ù é5 6ù
Þ ê 1 =
ë 2x + 2úû êë1 8úû
Equating the corresponding elements we get
2+ y=5 and 2x + 2 = 8
Þ y= 3 and x= 3
\ x + y = 3 + 3 = 6.
Examination Papers – 2012 395
t
19. Q x = a æç cos t + log tan ö÷
è 2ø
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get
æ ö
dx ç 1 2 t 1
÷
= a ç - sin t + . sec . ÷
dt t 2 2÷
ç tan
è 2 ø
ì ü
ï 1 ï ì 1 ü
= a í - sin t + = a í - sin t +
t tý î
ý
sin t þ
ï 2 sin . cos ï
î 2 2þ
dx æ 1 - sin 2 tö cos 2 t
=aç ÷=a
dt ç sin t ÷ sin t
è ø
Q y = a sin t
Differentiating w.r.t t, we get
dy d2y
= a . cos t Þ = – a sin t
dt dt 2
dy dy / dt a cos t . sin t
\ = = = tan t
dx dx / dt a cos 2 t
d2y dt 1 ´ sin t 1
\ = sec 2 t . = sec 2 t . = sec 4 t . sin t
dx 2 dx 2
a cos t a
d2y d2y sec 4 t sin t
Hence, = – a sin t and =
dt 2 dx 2 a
20. The equation of the line passing through the point (3, -4, -5) and (2, -3, 1) is
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
= =
2 - 3 -3 + 4 1 + 5
x- 3 y+ 4 z+5
Þ = = ...(i)
-1 1 6
Let the line (i) crosses the plane 3x + 2y + z + 14 = 0 ...(ii) at point P(a , b , g ).
Q P lie on line (i) therefore (a , b , g ) satisfy equation (i)
A (–3, – 4, –5)
a - 3 b +4 g +5
\ = = = l (say)
-1 1 6
Þ a = - l + 3; b = l - 4 and g = 6l - 5
Also P (a , b , g ) lie on plane (ii) P (a,b,g)
\ 3a + 2b + g + 14 = 0
Þ 3( - l + 3) + 2( l - 4) + ( 6l - 5) + 14 = 0
Þ –3l + 9 + 2l – 8 + 6l – 5 + 14 = 0
Þ 5l + 10 = 0 Þ l = – 2 B (2, –3,1)
396 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Þ 4l - 2 + 9l + 9 + l - 1 - 20 = 0
Þ 14l - 14 = 0 Þ l =1
Hence the coordinates of foot of perpendicular Q are (2 × 1 – 1, 3 × 1 + 3, – 1 + 1), i.e., (1, 6, 0)
\ Length of perpendicular = (5 - 1) 2 + ( 4 - 6) 2 + ( 2 - 0) 2
= 16 + 4 + 4
= 24 = 2 6 unit.
Also since Q is mid-point of PP’
x +5
\ 1= 1 Þ x 1 = -3
2
y +4
6= 1 Þ y1 = 8
2
z +2
0= 1 Þ z 1 = -2
2
Therefore required image is (-3, 8, -2).
29. The given system of linear equations may be written in matrix form as
AX = B Where
é3 4 7 ù é xù é4ù
A = 2 -1 3 , X = y and B = ê -3ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 1 2 -3úû êë z úû êë 8 úû
3 4 7
Now, A = 2 - 1 3
1 2 -3
= 3 ( 3 - 6) - 4( -6 - 3) + 7( 4 + 1)
= - 9 + 36 + 35 = 62 ¹ 0
-1 3
C11 = (-1)1+1 = 3 - 6 = -3
2 -3
2 3
C12 = (-1)1+2 = -{-6 - 3} = 9
1 -3
2 -1
C13 = (-1)1+3 =4+1=5
1 2
4 7
C21 = (-1)2+1 = - (-12 -14)= 26
2 -3
3 7
C22 = (-1)2+2 = - 9 - 7= -16
1 -3
3 4
C23 = (-1)2+3 = - (6 - 4)= –2
1 2
Examination Papers – 2012 399
4 7
C31 = (-1)3+1 = 12 + 7= 19
–1 3
3 7
C32 = (-1)3+2 = - (9 -14) = 5
2 3
3 4
C33 = (–1)3 +3 = (-3 -8) = -11
2 -1
¢
é -3 9 5 ù
\ Adj. A = 26 -16 -2 ú
ê
ê ú
êë 19 5 -11úû
é -3 26 19 ù
= ê 9 -16 5 ú
ê ú
êë 5 -2 -11úû
1
\ A -1 = Adj A
A
é -3 26 19 ù
1 ê
= 9 -16 5 ú
62 ê ú
êë 5 -2 -11úû
\ AX = B
Þ X = A -1 B
é xù é -3 26 19 ù é 4 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 9 -16 5 ú ê -3ú
ê ú 62 ê úê ú
êëz úû êë 5 -2 -11úû êë 8 úû
é -12 - 78 + 152ù
1 ê
= 36 + 48 + 40 ú
62 ê ú
êë 20 + 6 - 88 úû
é xù é 62 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 124 ú
ê ú 62 ê ú
êë z úû êë - 62úû
é xù é 1 ù
Þ ê yú = ê 2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êëz úû êë -1úû
Equating the corresponding elements we get
x = 1 , y = 2 , z = -1
CBSE Examination Paper
(Foreign 2012)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three Sections A, B and C. Section A
comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each
and Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the exact
requirement of the question.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of four marks each
and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question number 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. If the binary operation * on the set Z of integers is defined by a * b = a + b - 5, then write the
identity element for the operation * in Z.
2. Write the value of cot (tan -1 a + cot -1 a).
3. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then write the value of (I + A)2 - 3A.
é 2ù é -1ù é10ù
4. If x ê ú + y ê ú = ê ú, write the value of x.
3
ë û ë1 û ë5û
5. Write the value of the following determinant:
102 18 36
1 3 4
17 3 6
æ x - 1ö
6. If ò ç 2 ÷ e x dx = f ( x) e x + c, then write the value of f(x).
è x ø
a
7. If ò 3x 2 dx = 8, write the value of ‘a’.
0
8. Write the value of (i$ ´ j$) . k$ + ( j$ ´ k$) . i$
9. Write the value of the area of the parallelogram determined by the vectors 2i$ and 3j.
$
Examination Papers – 2012 401
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
4x + 3 2 2
11. If f(x) = , x ¹ , show that fof ( x) = x for all x ¹ . What is the inverse of f ?
6x - 4 3 3
-1 æ 63 ö -1 æ 5 ö -1 æ 3 ö
12. Prove that: sin ç ÷ = sin ç ÷ + cos ç ÷
è 65 ø è 13 ø è5ø
OR
Solve for x:
p
2 tan -1 (sin x) = tan -1 ( 2 sec x), x ¹
2
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that
a a+b a+b + c
2a 3a + 2b 4a + 3b + 2c = a 3
3a 6a + 3b 10a + 6b + 3c
dy y
14. If x m y n = ( x + y) m+ n , prove that = .
dx x
-1
15. If y = e a cos x
, - 1 £ x £ 1, show that
d2y dy
(1 - x 2 ) 2
-x - a 2 y = 0.
dx dx
OR
dy 1
If x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0, –1 < x < 1, x ¹ y, then prove that =- .
dx (1 + x) 2
2x
16. Show that y = log (1 + x) - , x > -1 is an increasing function of x throughout its domain.
2+x
OR
Find the equation of the normal at the point (am2, am3) for the curve ay2=x3.
17. Evaluate: ò x 2 tan -1 x dx
OR
3x - 1
Evaluate: ò dx
( x + 2) 2
18. Solve the following differential equation:
é e -2 x y ù dx
ê - ú = 1, x ¹ 0
êë x x úû dy
19. Solve the following differential equation:
p
3e x tan y dx + ( 2 - e x ) sec 2 y dy = 0, given that when x = 0 , y = .
4
402 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ® ® ® ® ® ®
20. If a = 3i$ + 4j$ + 5k$ and b = 2i$ + j$ – 4k,
$ then express b in the form b = b + b , where b is
1 2 1
® ® ®
parallel to a and b 2 is perpendicular to a .
21. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line passing through the point P (1, 2, 3) and
® ®
parallel to the planes r .(i$ - j$ + 2k$) = 5 and r .( 3i$ + j$ + k$) = 6.
22. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered a success, find the
probability distribution of the number of successes and hence find its mean.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
x - y + z = 4; 2x + y - 3z = 0; x + y + z = 2
OR
é 3 -1 1 ù é 1 2 -2 ù
If A = -15 6 -5 and B = ê -1 3 0 ú, find (AB)–1.
–1 ê ú
ê ú ê ú
ëê 5 -2 2 ûú ëê 0 -2 1 ûú
24. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in
4R
a sphere of radius R is .
3
25. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, the line x = 3 y and the
circle x 2 + y 2 = 4.
3
26. Evaluate: ò ( x 2 + x) dx
1
OR
p4 2
cos x
Evaluate: ò cos x + 4 sin 2 x
2
dx
0
27. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 1, –1) and (–1, 3, 4) and
perpendicular to the plane x - 2y + 4z = 10. Also show that the plane thus obtained contains
®
the line r = - i$ + 3j$ + 4k$ + l( 3i$ - 2j$ - 5k$).
28. A company produces soft drinks that has a contract which requires that a minimum of
80 units of the chemical A and 60 units of the chemical B go into each bottle of the drink. The
chemicals are available in prepared mix packets from two different suppliers. Supplier S had
a packet of mix of 4 units of A and 2 units of B that costs `10. The supplier T has a packet of
mix of 1 unit of A and 1 unit of B costs `4. How many packets of mixed from S and T should
the company purchase to honour the contract requirement and yet minimize cost? Make a
LPP and solve graphically.
29. In a certain college, 4% of boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75 metres. Furthermore, 60%
of the students in the college are girls. A student is selected at random from the college and is
found to be taller than 1.75 metres. Find the probability that the selected student is a girl.
Examination Papers – 2012 403
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
3ab
9. If the binary operation * on set R of real numbers is defined as a * b = , write the identity
7
element in R for *.
2
10. Evaluate: ò dx
1 + cos 2x
dy y
19. If x13 y 7 = ( x + y) 20 , prove that = .
dx x
20. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
y
e x 1 - y 2 dx + dy = 0, x = 0, y = 1
x
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
$ then express b in the form b = b + b , where b is parallel
21. If a = 3 i - j and b = 2i$ + j$ - 3k, 1 2 1
® ® ®
to a and b 2 is perpendicular to a .
22. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line passing through the point P (3, 0, 1) and
® ®
parallel to the planes r .(i$ + 2j$) = 0 and r .( 3j$ - k$) = 0.
28. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x - axis, the line y = 3x and the
circle x 2 + y 2 = 16.
29. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6) and
perpendicular to the plane 2x - 5y - 15 = 0. Also show that the plane thus obtained contains
®
the line r = i$ + 3j$ - 2k$ + l (i$ - j$ + k$).
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given
9. If the binary operation * on the set Z of integers is defined by a * b = a + b + 2, then write the
identity element for the operation * in Z.
dy 2y
19. If x16 y 9 = ( x 2 + y) 17 , prove that = .
dx x
20. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
( x 2 - yx 2 ) dy + ( y 2 + x 2 y 2 ) dx = 0; y = 1, x = 1
21. Find the distance between the point P (6, 5, 9) and the plane determined by the points
A ( 3, - 1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and C (–1, –1, 6).
22. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2i$ - 4j$ + 5k$ and i$ - 2j$ - 3k$. Find the unit vector
parallel to one of its diagonals. Also, find its area.
28. Using the method of integration, find the area of the DABC, coordinates of whose vertices are
A (2, 0), B(4, 5) and C(6, 3).
29. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 2, 1) and (9, 3, 6) and perpendicular
to the plane 2x + 6y + 6z = 1. Also, show that the plane thus obtained contains the line
®
r = 4i$ + 3j$ + 3k$ + l (7i$ + j$ + 5k$).
404 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
1. Let e Î Z be required identity
\ a* e = a " a ÎZ
Þ a+ e -5= a
Þ e = a- a+5
Þ e =5
p
2. cot (tan -1 a + cot -1 a) = cot æç - cot -1 a + cot -1 aö÷
è2 ø
p
= cot = 0
2
-1 -1
[Note: tan x + cot x = 2 " x Î R]
p
3. (I + A)2 – 3A = I 2 + A 2 + 2A - 3A
= I 2 + A2 - A
= I2 + A - A [Q A2 = A]
2
=I =I.I=I
é 2ù é -1ù é10ù
4. Given xê ú+ yê ú= ê ú
ë 3û ë1 û ë5û
é 2x ù é - yù é10ù
Þ ê 3xú + ê y ú = ê 5 ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 2x - y ù é10ù
ê 3x + yú = ê 5 ú
ë û ë û
Equating the corresponding elements we get.
2x - y = 10 ...(i)
3x + y = 5 ...(ii)
(i) and (ii) Þ 2x - y + 3x + y = 10 + 5
Þ 5x = 15 Þ x = 3.
102 18 36
5. Let D = 1 3 4
17 3 6
Applying R1 ® R1 - 6R 3
0 0 0
D= 1 3 4 =0 [Q R1 is zero]
17 3 6
Examination Papers – 2012 405
æ x - 1ö x x
6. Given ò çè x2 ø
÷e dx = f ( x). e + c
æ1 1 ö x
Þ ò çè x - x 2 ÷øe dx = f ( x). e x + c
1 x
Þ . e + c = f ( x). e x + c
x
Equating we get
1
f ( x) =
x
[Note: ò [ f ( x) + f '( x)] e x = f ( x) e x + c]
a
2
7. Given ò 3x dx = 8
0
a
éx3 ù
Þ 3ê ú = 8
ë 3 û0
Þ a3 = 8 Þ a=2
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
8. (i ´ j ) . k + ( j ´ k) . i = k . k + i . i$
$
=1+1=2
® ® ® ® ® ® ®
[Note a . b =| a|.| b| cos q. Also| i |=| j|=| k|= 1]
9. Required area of parallelogram = 2i$ ´ 3j$
SECTION–B
4x + 3 2
11. Given f ( x) = ,x¹
6x - 4 3
æ 4x + 3 ö
\ fof ( x) = f ( f ( x)) = f ç ÷
è 6x - 4 ø
æ 4x + 3 ö
4ç ÷+3
è 6x - 4 ø 16x + 12 + 18x - 12 34x
= = = =x
æ 4x + 3 ö 24x + 18 - 24x + 16 34
6ç ÷-4
è 6x - 4 ø
406 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ 2 sin x ö
Þ tan -1 ç –1
÷ = tan (2 sec x)
è 1 - sin 2 x ø
Þ
2 sin x
= 2 sec x éQ x ¹ p Þ 1 - sin 2 x ¹ 0ù
1 - sin x2 êë 2 úû
2 sin x
Þ 2
= 2 sec x Þ sin x = sec x . cos 2 x
cos x
1
Þ sin x = . cos 2 x Þ sin x = cos x
cos x
p
Þ tan x = 1 Þ x=
4
Examination Papers – 2012 407
a a+b a+b + c
13. L.H.S. = 2a 3a + 2b 4a + 3b + 2c
3a 6a + 3b 10a + 6b + 3c
a a a+b + c a b a+b + c
= 2a 3a 4a + 3b + 2c + 2a 2b 4a + 3b + 2c
3a 6a 10a + 6b + 3c 3a 3b 10a + 6b + 3c
1 1 a+b + c 1 1 a+b + c
2
=a 2 3 4a + 3b + 2c + ab 2 2 4a + 3b + 2c
3 6 10a + 6b + 3c 3 3 10a + 6b + 3c
1 1 a+b + c
2
=a 2 3 4a + 3b + 2c + ab .0 [Qc1 = c 2 in second det.]
3 6 10a + 6b + 3c
1 1 a+b + c
= a2 2 3 4a + 3b + 2c
3 6 10a + 6b + 3c
1 1 a 1 1 b 1 1 c
= a2 2 3 4a + a 2 2 3 3b + a 2 . c 2 3 2c
3 6 10a 3 6 6b 3 6 3c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2
= a .a 2 3 4 + a .b 2 3 3 + a .c 2 3 2
3 6 10 3 6 6 3 6 3
1 1 1
3 éQc 2 = c 3 in second det.ù
=a 2 3 4 + a 2b. 0 + a 2 c.0 ê c = c in third det. ú
3 6 10 ë 1 3 û
1 1 1
3
=a 2 3 4
3 6 10
Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C1 and C 3 ® C 3 - C1 we get
1 0 0
a3 2 1 2
3 3 7
Expanding along R1 we get
= a 3 . 1 (7 - 6) - 0 + 0
= a 3.
408 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
14. Given x m . y n = ( x + y) m+ n
Taking logarithm of both sides we get
log ( x m . y n ) = log ( x + y) m+ n
Þ log x m + log y n = (m + n) . log ( x + y)
Þ m log x + n log y = (m + n) . log ( x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
m n dy m + n æ dy ö
+ . = . ç1 + ÷
x y dx x + y è dx ø
m m + n æ m + n n ö dy
Þ - =ç - ÷
x x + y è x + y y ø dx
mx + my - mx - nx æ my + ny - nx - ny ö dy
Þ =ç ÷.
x( x + y) è y( x + y) ø dx
my - nx my - nx dy
Þ = .
x ( x + y) y ( x + y) dx
dy my - nx y( x + y) y
Þ = . =
dx x( x + y) my - nx x
-1
15. We have, y = e a cos x
d2y é - ay xy ù
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2
= - a ê 1 - x2 ´ + ú
dx ê 1-x 2
1 - x2 ú
ë û
d2y axy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2
= a2y -
dx 1 - x2
d2y dy
\ (1 - x 2 ) 2
= a2y + x [From (i)]
dx dx
Examination Papers – 2012 409
We have,
d2y dy
(1 - x 2 ) 2
-x - a2y = 0
dx dx
OR
Given, x 1+y +y 1+x=0
Þ x 1+y =-y 1+x
Squaring both sides, we have
x 2 (1 + y) = y 2 (1 + x)
Þ x 2 + x 2 y = y 2 + xy 2 Þ x 2 - y 2 = xy ( y - x)
Þ x + y + xy = 0 [Q x ¹ y]
x
Þ y=-
1+x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy (1 + x) ( - 1) + x -1
= 2
=
dx (1 + x) (1 + x) 2
2x
16. Here f ( x) = log (1 + x) – [Where y = f(x)]
2+x
1 é ( 2 + x) . 1 - x ù
Þ f ¢( x) = -2ê 2 ú
1+x êë ( 2 + x) úû
1 2( 2 + x - x) 1 4
= - = –
1+x ( 2 + x) 2 1 + x ( 2 + x) 2
4 + x 2 + 4x - 4 - 4x x2
= 2
=
( x + 1)( x + 2) ( x + 1)( x + 2) 2
For f(x) being increasing function
f ¢( x) > 0
x2 1 x2
Þ >0 Þ . >0
( x + 1)( x + 2) 2 x + 1 ( x + 2) 2
1 é x2 ù
Þ >0 ê 2
> 0ú
x+1 êë ( x + 2) úû
Þ x+1> 0 [Q 1 > 0]
Þ x+1> 0 orx>–1
2x
i.e., f ( x) = y = log(1 + x) – is increasing function in its domain x > -1 i.e. ( -1, ¥).
2+x
410 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
OR
Given, curve ay 2 = x 3
dy
We have, 2ay = 3x 2
dx
dy 3x 2
Þ =
dx 2ay
dy 3 ´ a 2m 4 3m
Þ at ( am 2 , am 3 ) = =
dx 2a ´ am 3 2
1 1 2
\ Slope of normal = - =- =-
Slope of tangent 3m 3m
2
Equation of normal at the point ( am 2 , am 3 ) is given by
y - am 3 2
2
=-
x - am 3m
Þ 3my – 3am4 = – 2x + 2am2
Þ 2x + 3my - am 2 ( 2 + 3m 2 ) = 0
Hence, equation of normal is
2x + 3my - am 2 ( 2 + 3m 2 ) = 0
x3 1 x3
17. ò x 2 tan -1 x dx = tan -1 x . -ò . dx
3 1 + x2 3
é ù
ê ú
ê x ú
x 3 tan -1 x 1 æ x ö ê1 + x 2 x 3 ú
= - ò çx - 2 ÷ dx
3 3 è x + 1ø ê
3
ú
ê –x ± xú
ê ú
ë -xû
x 3 tan -1 x 1 é x ù
= - ê ò xdx - ò 2 dxú
3 3ë x +1 û
é ù
ê Let x2 + 1 = z ú
x 3 tan -1 x 1 x 2 1 dz ê ú
= - + ò êÞ 2xdx = dz ú
3 3 2 3 2z ê dz ú
êÞ xdx = ú
ë 2û
x 3 tan -1 x x 2 1
= - + log|z|+ c
3 6 6
x 3 tan -1 x x 2 1
= - + log x 2 + 1 + c
3 6 6
Examination Papers – 2012 411
OR
3x - 1 A B
Let = +
( x + 2) 2 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
3x - 1 A( x + 2) + B
Þ 2
=
( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2
Þ 3x - 1 = A( x + 2) + B
Þ 3x - 1 = Ax + ( 2A + B)
Equating coefficients, we get
A = 3, 2A + B = – 1
Þ 2×3+B=–1
Þ B=–7
3x - 1 3 7
\ = -
( x + 2) 2 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
3x - 1 3 7
Þ ò ( x + 2) 2 dx = ò x + 2 dx - ò ( x + 2) 2 dx
( x + 2) -1
= 3 log x + 2 - 7 +c
-1
7
= 3 log x + 2 + +c
( x + 2)
æ e -2 x y ö dx
ç ÷
18. Given ç x - x ÷ dy = 1, x ¹ 0
è ø
dy e -2 x y
Þ = -
dx x x
dy 1 e -2 x
Þ + .y =
dx x x
dy
It is linear equation of form + py = Q.
dx
1 e -2 x
Where P= , Q=
x x
Pdx
\ I. F. = e ò
1
ò dx
=e x
-1
òx 2 dx
=e
1
+1
x2
1
- +1
= e 2 = e2 x
412 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
e -2 x 2
Þ y.e 2 x
=ò .e x
dx + c
x
1
dx x - 2+1
Þ y.e 2 x
=ò +c Þ y.e 2 x
= +c
x - 12 + 1
Þ y.e 2 x
=2 x +c
19. Given
3e x tan y dx + ( 2 - e x ) sec 2 y dy = 0
Þ ( 2 - e x ) sec 2 y dy = -3e x tan y dx
sec 2 y -3 e x sec 2 y dy - e x dx
Þ
tan y
dy =
2 - ex
dx Þ ò tan y
= 3ò
2 - ex
x
Þ log tan y = 3 log 2 - e + log c
3
Þ log tan y = log c ( 2 - e x )
Þ tan y = c ( 2 - e x ) 3
p
Putting x = 0, y = we get
4
p
Þ tan = c ( 2 - e° ) 3
4
1
1 = 8c Þ c=
8
Therefore particular solution is
(2 - e x ) 3
tan y = .
8
® ®
20. Q b 1 is parallel to a
® ®
Þ b 1 = l a where l is any scalar quantity.
®
Þ b 1 = 3li$ + 4lj$ + 5lk$
® ® ®
Also If, b = b 1 + b 2
®
Þ 2i$ + j$ - 4k$ = ( 3li$ + 4lj$ + 5lk$) + b 2
®
Þ b 2 = ( 2 - 3l) i$ + (1 - 4l) j$ - ( 4 + 5l) k$
® ®
It is given b 2 ^ a
Þ ( 2 - 3l) . 3 + (1 - 4l) . 4 - ( 4 + 5l) . 5 = 0
Þ 6 - 9l + 4 - 16l - 20 - 25l = 0
Examination Papers – 2012 413
-1
Þ – 10 – 50l = 0 Þ l=
5
® 3$ 4$ $
Therefore b 1 = – i+ j -k
5 5
® 3 4
b 2 = æç 2 + ö÷i$ + æç1 + ö÷ j$ - ( 4 - 1) k$
è 5ø è 5ø
13 9
= i$ + j$ - 3k$
5 5
Therefore required expression is
3 4 13 9
( 2i$ + j$ - 4k$) = æç - i$ - j$ - k$ ö÷ + æç i$ + j$ - 3k$ ö÷
è 5 5 ø è5 5 ø
21. Let required cartesian equation of line be
x-1 y- 2 z- 3
= = ...(i)
a b c
Given planes are
®
r .(i$ - j$ + 2k$) = 5 ...(ii)
®
r .( 3i$ + j$ + k$) = 6 ...(iii)
Since line (i) is parallel to plane (ii) and normal vector of plane (ii) is i$ - j$ + 2k$
Þ a - b + 2c = 0 ...(iv)
Similarly line (i) is parallel to plane (iii) and normal vector of plane (iii) is 3i$ + j$ + k$
Þ 3a + b + c = 0 ...(v)
From (iv) and (v)
a b c
= =
-1 - 2 6 - 1 1 + 3
a b c
= = =l
-3 5 4
Þ a = -3 l , b = 5 l , c = 4 l
Putting value of a, b and c in (i) we get required cartesian equation of line
x-1 y- 2 z- 3 x-1 y- 2 z- 3
= = Þ = =
-3 l 5l 4l -3 5 4
Its vector equation is
®
r = (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) + l( -3i$ + 5j$ + 4k$)
22. Here, number of throws = 4
6 1
P(doublet) = p = =
36 6
30 5
P(not doublet) = q = =
36 6
414 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Now X = A -1 B
-1
For A , we have
é4 - 5 1ù
Cofactors matrix of A = ê 2 0 - 2ú
ê ú
êë 2 5 3úû
é 4 2 2ù
\ ê
adj A = -5 0 5ú
ê ú
êë 1 - 2 3úû
é 4 2 2ù
adj A
1 ê
\ A = -1
= -5 0 5ú
| A| 10 ê ú
êë 1 - 2 3úû
é 4 2 2ù é 4 ù é 16 + 0 + 4 ù
1 ê ú ê ú 1 ê
-1
Thus, X = A . B = -5 0 5 0 = - 20 + 0 + 10ú
10 ê ú ê ú 10 ê ú
êë 1 - 2 3úû êë 2 úû ëê 4 - 0 + 6 úû
é xù é 20ù é 2 ù
ê yú = 1 ê - 10ú = ê - 1 ú
ê ú 10 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 10úû êë 1 úû
The required solution is
\ x = 2, y = - 1, z = 1
OR
–1
For B
1 2 -2
B = -1 3 0
0 -2 1
= 1(3 - 0) -2(-1 - 0) -2(2 - 0)
=3+2-4=1¹0
i.e., B is invertible matrix
Þ B–1 exist.
3 0
Now C11 = (–1)1+1 = 3-0= 3
-2 1
-1 0
C12 = ( -1) 1+ 2 = -( -1 - 0) = 1
0 1
-1 3
C13 = ( -1) 1+ 3 =2-0=2
0 -2
2 -2
C 21 = ( -1) 2+1 = -( 2 - 4) = 2
-2 1
416 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 -2
C 22 = ( -1) 2+ 2 =1- 0=1
0 1
1 2
C 23 = ( -1) 2+ 3 = -( -2 - 0) = 2
0 -2
2 -2
C 31 = ( -1) 3+1 =0+6=6
3 0
1 -2
C 32 = ( -1) 3+ 2 = -( 0 - 2) = 2
-1 0
1 2
C 33 = ( -1) 3+ 3 = ( 3 + 2) = 5
-1 3
é 3 1 2ù ¢ é 3 2 6ù
\ Adj B = ê 2 1 2ú = ê 1 1 2ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 6 2 5 úû êë 2 2 5 úû
1
Þ B–1 = ( adj B)
B
é 3 2 6ù é 3 2 6ù
1ê
= 1 1 2ú = ê 1 1 2ú
1ê ú ê ú
êë 2 2 5 úû êë 2 2 5 úû
Now (AB)–1 = B–1. A–1
é 3 2 6 ù é 3 -1 1 ù
= ê 1 1 2ú . ê -15 6 -5ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 2 2 5 úû êë 5 -2 2 úû
=
é 9 - 30 + 30 -3 + 12 - 12 3 - 10 + 12ù
ê 3 - 15 + 10 -1 + 6 - 4 1-5+ 4 ú
ê ú A
êë 6 - 30 + 25 -2 + 12 - 10 2 - 10 + 10 úû
é 9 -3 5 ù
= ê -2 1 0 ú R
ê ú
êë 1 0 2úû
O
24. Let h be the altitude of cone inscribed in a sphere of radius R. R
Also let r be radius of base of cone.
r r
If V be volume of cone then B D C
1 2
V = pr h
3
1
V = p( 2hR - h 2 ). h [In DOBD BD2 = OB2 - OD2
3
Examination Papers – 2012 417
p
V= ( 2h 2 R - h 3 ) Þ r 2 = R 2 - ( h - R) 2
3
dV p
Þ = ( 4hR - 3h 2 ) Þ r 2 = R 2 - h 2 - R 2 + 2hR
dh 3
Þ r 2 = 2hR - h 2
For maximum or minimum value
dV
=0
dh
p
Þ ( 4hR - 3h 2 ) = 0
3
Þ 4hR - 3h 2 = 0
Þ h( 4R - 3h) = 0
4R
Þ h = 0, h = .
3
d 2V p
Now = ( 4R - 6h)
dh 2 3
2 ù
d V d 2V ù
2 ú
= +ve and ú = -ve
dh û h= 0 dh 2 û h= 4R
3
4R
Hence for h = , volume of cone is maximum.
3
25. Obviously x 2 + y 2 = 4 is a circle having centre at ( 0, 0) and radius 2 units.
For graph of line x = 3y
x 0 1
y 0 0.58
3 2
1 é x2 ù é x 4 - x2 4 xù
= ê ú +ê + sin -1 ú
3 ë 2 û0 êë 2 2 2 úû
3
1 é æ 3 3 öù
= ( 3 - 0) + ê 2 sin -1 1 - ç + 2 sin -1 ÷ú
2 3 ë è 2 2 øû
3 é p 3 2p ù
= + ê2 - - ú
2 ë 2 2 3û
3 3 2p
+ p- = -
2 2 3
2p p
=p- = sq. unit.
3 3
b - a 3-1 2
26. Here a = 1, b = 3, h = = =
n n n
Þ nh = 2
Also f ( x) = x 2 + x
b
By definition ò f ( x) dx = lim
h ®0
h{ f ( a) + f ( a + h) +.............+ f ( a + (n - 1) h}
a
3
ò f ( x) dx = lim
h ®0
h { f (1) + f (1 + h) +...........+ f (1 + (n - 1) h}
1
Now f(1) = 12 + 1 = 2
f (1 + h) = (1 + h) 2 + (1 + h) = 1 2 + h 2 + 2h + 1 + h = 2 + 3h + h 2
f (1 + 2h) = (1 + 2h) 2 + (1 + 2h) = 1 2 + 2 2 h 2 + 4h + 1 + 2h = 2 + 6h + 2 2 h 2
f (1 + (n - 1) h = {1 + (n - 1) h} 2 + {1 + (n - 1)h}
= 2 + 3 (n - 1) h + (n - 1) 2 h 2
Hence
3
2
ò (x + x) dx = lim h{2 + ( 2 + 3h + h 2 ) + ( 2 + 6h + 2 2 h 2 ) + ....... + ( 2 + 3(n - 1) h + (n - 1) 2 . h 2 )}
1 h ®0
p 2 ¥
=- + [tan -1 2z]
6 3 0
p 2
= - + [tan -1 ¥ - tan -1 0]
6 3
p 2 p
= - + é - 0ù
6 3 êë 2 úû
p p p
=- + = .
6 3 6
420 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
For coordinate of P
Y
80 B(0, 80)
70
60
50
P(10, 40)
40
30
20
10
A (30, 0)
X’ –1 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 X
4x +
2x
10x
–1
+4
y =
y
= 80
y=
60
Y’
260
Point of intersection of
2x + y = 60 ...(vi)
and 4x + y = 80 ...(vii)
(vi) – (vii) Þ 2x + y - 4x - y = 60 - 80
Þ -2x = -20 Þ x = 10
Þ y = 40
Q co-ordinate of P º (10, 40)
Now the value of Z is evaluated at corner point in the following table
Corner point Z = 10x + 4y
A (30, 0) 300
P (10, 40) 260 Minimum
B (0, 80) 320
Since feasible region is unbounded. Therefore we have to draw the graph of the inequality.
10x + 4y < 260 ...(viii)
Since the graph of inequality (viii) does not have any point common.
So the minimum value of Z is 260 at (10, 40).
422 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
i.e., minimum cost of each bottle is ` 260 if the company purchases 10 packets of mixes from S
and 40 packets of mixes from supplier T.
29. Let E1, E2, A be events such that
E1 = student selected is girl
E2 = student selected is Boy
A = student selected is taller than 1.75 metres.
Here P( E1 A) is required.
60 3 40 2
Now P(E1 ) = = , P(E2 ) = =
100 5 100 5
æAö 1 æAö 4
Pç ÷ = , Pç ÷=
è E1 ø 100 è E2 ø 100
æAö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
\ Pç 1 ÷ =
èAø æAö æAö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷ + P(E2 ). P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø
3 1 3
´
5 100 500 3 500 3
= = = ´ =
3 1 2 4 3 8 500 11 11
´ + ´ +
5 100 5 100 500 500
Set–II
9. Let e Î R be identity element.
\ a*e = a " a ÎR
3ae 7a
Þ =a Þ e=
7 3a
7
Þ e=
3
2 2
10. ò dx = ò dx
1 + cos 2x 2 cos 2 x
= ò sec 2 x dx = tan x + c
19. Given x13 y 7 = ( x + y) 20
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log ( x13 y 7 ) = log ( x + y) 20
Þ log x13 + log y 7 = 20 log( x + y)
Þ 13 log x + 7 log y = 20 log ( x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
13 7 dy 20 æ dy ö
+ . = . ç1 + ÷
x y dx x + y è dx ø
Examination Papers – 2012 423
13 20 æ 20 7 ö dy
Þ - =ç - ÷
x x + y è x + y y ø dx
13x + 13y - 20x æ 20y - 7 x - 7 y ö dy
Þ =ç ÷
x ( x + y) è ( x + y). y ø dx
13y - 7 x æ 13y - 7 x ö dy
Þ =ç ÷.
x ( x + y) è x ( x + y) ø dx
dy 13y - 7 x y( x + y) dy y
Þ = ´ Þ =
dx x( x + y) 13y - 7 x dx x
y
20. Given e x 1 - y 2 dx + dy = 0
x
y y
dy = - e 1 - y 2 dx
x
Þ dy = - x e x dx
x 1-y 2
® 1$ 1$ 3$ 1$
\ b1 = 3 ´ i- j= i- j
2 2 2 2
® 1 ö$ æ 1 ö$ 1 3
æ
b 2 = ç 2 - 3 ´ ÷i + ç1 + ÷ j - 3k$ = i$ + j$ - 3k$
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 2
Therefore required expression is
3 1 1 3
2i$ + j$ - 3k$ = æç i$ - j$ ö÷ + æç i$ + j$ - 3k$ ö÷
è2 2 ø è2 2 ø
22. Let the cartesian equation of the line passing through the point P (3, 0, 1) be
x- 3 y- 0 z-1
= = ...(i)
a b c
Given planes are
®
r .(i$ + 2j$) = 0 ...(ii)
®
r .( 3i$ - k$) = 0 ...(iii)
Since line (i) is parallel to plane (ii) and (iii)
Þ ( ai$ + bj$ + ck$) .(i$ + 2j$) = 0 Þ a + 2b + 0. c = 0 ...(iv)
and ( ai$ + bj$ + ck$) .( 3i$ - k$) = 0 Þ 3a + 0. b - c = 0 ...(v)
From (iv) and (v)
a b c
= =
-2 - 0 0 + 1 0 - 6
a b c
Þ = = = l (say)
-2 1 -6
Þ a = -2l, b = l, c = -6l
Putting the value of a = -2l , b = l , c = -6l in (i) we get required cartesian equation of line
x- 3 y z-1 x- 3 y z-1
= = Þ = =
-2 l l -6 l -2 1 -6
Therefore required vector equation is
®
r = ( -3i$ + k$) + l( -2i$ + j$ - 6k$)
28. Obviously x 2 + y 2 = 16 is a circle having centre at (0, 0) and radius 4 units.
For graph of line y = 3x 5
4
x 0 1 (2, 2Ö3)
3
y 0 3 = 1732
. 2 (1, 1 3)
1
For intersecting point of given circle and line
Putting y = 3x in x 2 + y 2 = 16 we get –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O1 2 3 4 5
–1
2 2
x + ( 3x) = 16 –2
16
Þ 4x 2 = 16 Þ x =±2
=
–3
y2
\ y = ±2 3.
+
3x
x2
–4
y=
Set–III
9. Let e be the identity for * in Z.
\ a* e = a " aÎ Z
Þ a+e+2=a
Þ e =a-a-2
Þ e = -2
19. Given
x16 y 9 = ( x 2 + y) 17
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log( x16 y 9 ) = log( x 2 + y) 17
Þ log x16 + log y 9 = 17 log( x 2 + y)
Þ 16 log x + 9 log y = 17 log( x 2 + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
16 9 dy 17 æ dy ö
Þ + . = ç 2x + ÷
x y dx x 2 + y è dx ø
16 9 dy 34x 17 dy
Þ + . = 2 + 2 .
x y dx x + y x + y dx
æ9 17 ö dy 34x 16
Þ ç - 2 ÷ = 2 -
è y x + yø dx x +y x
æ 9x 2 + 9y - 17 y ö dy 34x 2 - 16x 2 - 16y
Þ çç 2
÷÷ . =
è y( x + y) ø dx x( x 2 + y)
2 2
dy 18x 2 - 16y y( x + y) 2( 9x - 8y). y 2y
Þ = ´ = =
dx x( x 2 + y) 9x 2 - 8y x( 9x 2 - 8y) x
20. Given ( x 2 - yx 2 ) dy + ( y 2 + x 2 y 2 ) dx = 0
Þ x 2 (1 - y) dy + y 2 (1 + x 2 ) dx = 0
(1 - y) . dy æ 1 + x 2 ö
Þ = ç 2 ÷ dx
y2 è x ø
Integrating both sides we get
1-y 1 + x2
Þ ò y2 dy = ò x 2 dx
1 y 1
Þ ò y 2 dy - ò y 2 dy = ò x 2 dx + ò dx
-2 1 -2
Þ ò y dy - ò y dy = ò x dx + ò dx
y -2+1 x -2+1
Þ - log y = +x+c
-2 + 1 -2 + 1
Examination Papers – 2012 427
1 1
Þ - - log y = - + x + c ...(i)
y x
Putting x = 1, y = 1 we get
1 1
Þ - - log 1 = - + 1 + c
1 1
Þ -1-0=-1+1+c Þ c=-1
Putting c = -1 in (i) we get particular solution
1 1
- - log y = - + x - 1
y x
1 1 y - x 2 y + xy - x
Þ log y = - x+1- Þ log y =
x y xy
21. Plane determined by the points A ( 3, - 1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and C ( -1, - 1, 6) is
x- 3 y+1 z-2 x- 3 y+1 z-2
5- 3 2+1 4-2 =0 Þ 2 3 2 =0
-1 - 3 -1 + 1 6-2 -4 0 4
3 2 2 2 2 3
Þ ( x - 3) - ( y + 1) + (z - 2) =0
0 4 -4 4 -4 0
Þ 12x - 36 - 16y - 16 + 12z - 24 = 0
Þ 3x - 4y + 3z - 19 = 0
Distance of this plane from point P ( 6, 5, 9) is
( 3 ´ 6) - ( 4 ´ 5) + ( 3 ´ 9) - 19 18 - 20 + 27 - 19 6
= = units.
( 3) 2 + ( 4) 2 + ( 3) 2 9 + 16 + 9 34
SECTION C
28. Vertices of DABC are A (2, 0), B (4, 5), C (6, 3).
Equation of line AB is
y-0 5-0 y 5
= Þ =
x-2 4-2 x-2 2
5
Þ y = ( x - 2) ...(i)
2
Y
5 B(4, 5)
y=
–x
4
+
9
)
2 (x – 2
3 C(6, 3)
y= 5
2 )
–2
3 (x
1 y= 4
A(2, 0)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
Equation of line BC is
y-5 3-5 -2
= Þ y-5= ( x - 4)
x-4 6-4 2
Þ y = -x + 4 + 5
Þ y = -x + 9 ...(ii)
Equation of line AC
y-0 3-0 y 3
= Þ =
x-2 6-2 x-2 4
3
Þ y = ( x - 2) ...(iii)
4
Now Area of DABC = Area of region bounded by line (i), (ii) and (iii)
Examination Papers – 2012 429
4 6 6
5 3
= ò ( x - 2) dx + ò ( - x + 9) dx - ò ( x - 2) dx
2
2 4 2
4
2 4 6 6
5 é ( x - 2) ù é ( x - 9) 2 ù 2
3 é ( x - 2) ù
= ê ú -ê ú - ê ú
2 êë 2 úû 2 êë 2 úû 4 êë 2 úû
4 2
5 1 3
= ( 4 - 0) - ( 9 - 25) - (16 - 0)
4 2 8
= 5 + 8 – 6 = 7 sq. unit
29. Let the equation of plane through (2, 2, 1) be
a ( x - 2) + b ( y - 2) + c (z - 1) = 0 ...(i)
Q (i) passes through (9, 3, 6)
\ a ( 9 - 2) + b ( 3 - 2) + c ( 6 - 1) = 0
Þ 7 a + b + 5c = 0 ...(ii)
Also since plane (i) is perpendicular to plane 2x + 6y + 6z = 1
2a + 6b + 6c = 0 ...(iii)
From (ii) and (iii)
a b c
= =
6 - 30 10 - 42 42 - 2
a b c
Þ = =
-24 -32 40
a b c
Þ = = = m (say)
-3 -4 5
Þ a = -3m, b = - 4m, c = 5m
Putting the value of a, b, c in (i) we get
-3m( x - 2) - 4m( y - 2) + 5m(z - 1) = 0
Þ -3x + 6 - 4y + 8 + 5z - 5 = 0
Þ -3x - 4y + 5z = -9
It is required equation of plane.
Its vector form is
®
r .( -3i$ - 4j$ + 5k$) = -9 ...(iv)
Obviously, plane (iv) contains the line
®
r = ( 4i$ + 3j$ + 3k$) + l(7i$ + j$ + 5k$) ...(v)
if point ( 4i + 3j + 3k) satisfy equation (iv) and vector (7i$ + j$ + 5k$) is perpendicular to
$ $ $
$
-3i$ - 4j$ + 5k.
Here ( 4i$ + 3j$ + 3k$).( -3i$ - 4j$ + 5k$) = -12 - 12 + 15 = -9
Also (7i$ + j$ + 5k$) . ( -3i$ - 4j$ + 5k$) = –21 – 4 + 25 = 0
Therefore plane (iv) contains line (v).
CBSE Examination Papers
(Delhi–2013)
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1
1. Write the principal value of tan -1 (1) + cos –1 æç - ö÷ .
è 2ø
1
2. Write the value of tan æç 2 tan –1 ö÷.
è 5ø
é a - b 2 a + c ù é -1 5 ù
3. Find the value of a if ê ú=ê ú
ë 2a - b 3c + dû ë 0 13û
x+1 x-1 4 -1
4. If = , then write the value of x.
x- 3 x+2 1 3
é 9 -1 4 ù é 1 2 -1 ù
5. If ê ú =A+ê ú , then find the matrix A.
ë -2 1 3 û ë0 4 9 û
2 4
æ 2yö3çd dy
6. Write the degree of the differential equation x ç ÷ + xæç ö÷ = 0.
÷ è dx ø
è dx 2 ø
® ®
7. If a = xi$ + 2j$ - zk$ and b = 3i$ – yj$ + k$ are two equal vectors, then write the value of x + y + z.
® p
8. If a unit vector a makes angles $ p with j$ and an acute angle q with k$ , then find the
with i,
3 4
value of q.
9. Find the Cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (–2, 4, –5) and is
x+ 3 4-y z+8
parallel to the line = = .
3 5 6
10. The amount of pollution content added in air in a city due to x-diesel vehicles is given by
P( x) = 0.005x 3 + 0.02x 2 + 30x. Find the marginal increase in pollution content when 3 diesel
vehicles are added and write which value is indicated in the above question.
Examination Papers – 2013 431
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
2 4x + 3
11. Show that the function f in A = |R – ìí üý defined as f ( x) = is one-one and onto. Hence
î 3þ 6x - 4
find f -1 .
12. Find the value of the following:
1é 2x 1 - y2 ù
tan ê sin -1 + cos -1 ú , |x|< 1, y > 0 and xy < 1.
2 êë 1 + x2 1 + y 2 úû
OR
1 1 1 p
Prove that: tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan –1 æç ö÷ = .
è 2ø è5 ø è 8ø 4
13. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
1 x x2
x2 1 x = (1 - x 3 ) 2 .
x x2 1
x- 2 y+1 z- 2
21. Find the coordinates of the point, where the line = = intersects the plane
3 4 2
x - y + z - 5 = 0. Also find the angle between the line and the plane.
OR
Find the vector equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes
® ®
r .(i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) – 4 = 0 and r .( 2i$ + j$ - k$) + 5 = 0 and which is perpendicular to the plane
®
r .(5i$ + 3j$ – 6k$) + 8 = 0.
22. A speaks truth in 60% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of cases are
they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact? In the cases of contradiction do
you think, the statement of B will carry more weight as he speaks truth in more number of
cases than A?
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. A school wants to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Hard work
with a total cash award of ` 6,000. Three times the award money for Hardwork added to
that given for honesty amounts to ` 11,000. The award money given for Honesty and
Hardwork together is double the one given for Regularity. Represent the above situation
algebraically and find the award money for each value, using matrix method. Apart from
these values, namely, Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork, suggest one more value which the
school must include for awards.
24. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume, that can be inscribed in a sphere of
2R
radius R is . Also find the maximum volume.
3
OR
Find the equation of the normal at a point on the curve x 2 = 4y which passes through the
point (1, 2). Also find the equation of the corresponding tangent.
25. Using integration, find the area bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and the line x = 4y - 2.
OR
Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles x 2 + y 2 = 4
and ( x - 2) 2 + y 2 = 4.
26. Show that the differential equation 2ye x y dx + ( y - 2xe x y ) dy = 0 is homogeneous. Find the
particular solution of this differential equation, given that x = 0 when y = 1.
27. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through three points with position vectors
i$ + j$ – 2k$, 2i$ - j$ + k$ and i$ + 2j$ + k$. Also find the coordinates of the point of intersection of this
®
plane and the line r = 3i$ - j$ - k$ + l( 2i$ - 2j$ + k$).
28. A cooperative society of farmers has 50 hectares of land to grow two crops A and B. The
profits from crops A and B per hectare are estimated as `10,500 and `9,000 respectively. To
control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for crops A and B at the rate of 20 litres and
10 litres per hectare, respectively. Further not more than 800 litres of herbicide should be
used in order to protect fish and wildlife using a pond which collects drainage from this
Examination Papers – 2013 433
land. Keeping in mind that the protection of fish and other wildlife is more important than
earning profit, how much land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximize the total
profit? Form an LPP from the above and solve it graphically. Do you agree with the message
that the protection of wildlife is utmost necessary to preserve the balance in environment?
29. Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40%. Assuming that a
meditation and yoga course reduces the risk of heart attack by 30% and prescription of
certain drug reduces its chance by 25%. At a time a patient can choose any one of the two
options with equal probabilities. It is given that after going through one of the two options,
the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient
followed a course of meditation and yoga. Interpret the result and state which of the above
stated methods is more beneficial for the patient.
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
4
æ dy ö d2y
9. Write the degree of the differential equation ç ÷ + 3x = 0.
è dx ø dx 2
16. P, speaks truth in 70% of the cases and Q in 80% of the cases. In what percent of cases are they
likely to agree in stating the same fact? Do you think when they agree, means both are
speaking truth?
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
18. If a = i$ + j$ + k$ and b = j$ – k$, find a vector c , such that a ´ c = b and a . c = 3.
3
19. Evaluate: ò [ x - 1 + x - 2 + x - 3 ] dx.
1
x2 + 1
20. Evaluate: ò dx.
( x 2 + 4)( x 2 + 25)
dy y y
28. Show that the differential equation x sin æç ö÷ + x - y sin æç ö÷ = 0 is homogeneous. Find the
dx è x ø è xø
p
particular solution of this differential equation, given that x =1 when y = .
2
29. Find the vector equation of the plane determined by the points A (3, –1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and
C (–1, –1, 6). Also find the distance of point P (6, 5, 9) from this plane.
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
® ®
2. Write a unit vector in the direction of the sum of vectors a = 2i$ - j$ + 2k$ and b = –i$ + j$ + 3k$.
3 4
æ d2y ö æ dy ö
4. Write the degree of the differential equation xçç ÷
÷ + yç ÷ + x 3 = 0.
è dx 2 ø è dx ø
11. A speaks truth in 75% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of cases are
they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
Do you think that statement of B is true?
434 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
13. Using vectors, find the area of the triangle ABC with vertices A (1, 2, 3), B (2, –1, 4) and C
(4, 5, –1).
5
14. Evaluate: ò [|x - 2|+|x - 3|+|x - 5|] dx .
2
2x 2 + 1
15. Evaluate: ò dx .
x 2 ( x 2 + 4)
25. Find the coordinate of the point where the line through (3, –4, –5) and (2, –3, 1) crosses the
plane, passing through the points (2, 2, 1), (3, 0, 1) and (4, –1, 0).
26. Show that the differential equation ( x e y x
+ y) dx = xdy is homogeneous. Find the particular
solution of this differential equation, given that x = 1 when y = 1.
Examination Papers – 2013 435
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1 p æ p ö
1. tan –1 (1) + cos – 1 æç – ö÷ = tan – 1 æç tan ö÷ + cos – 1 ç cos æç p – ö÷ ÷
è 2ø è 4 ø è è 3 øø
p 2p
= tan – 1 æç tan ö÷ + cos – 1 æç cos ö÷
è 4 ø è 3ø
p 2p é p æ p pö 2p ù
= +
4 3 êëQ 4 Î çè – 2 , 2 ÷ø and 3 Î[0, p]úû
3p + 8p 11 p
= =
12 12
1
2. Let 2 tan – 1 = q
5
–1 1 q q 1
Þ tan = Þ tan =
5 2 2 5
q
2 tan
1
Now, tan æç 2 tan – 1 ö÷ = tan q = 2
è 5ø 2 q
1 – tan
2
1
2´
= 5 = 2 ´ 25 = 5
2 5 24 12
æ1 ö
1– ç ÷
è5 ø
é a–b 2 a + c ù é– 1 5 ù
3. Given: ê 2a – b 3c + dú = ê 0 13ú
ë û ë û
Þ a–b =–1 …(i)
2a + c = 5 …(ii)
2a – b = 0 …(iii)
3c + d = 13 …(iv)
b
From (iii) 2a = b Þ a =
2
b
Putting in (i) we get –b=–1
2
b
Þ =1 Þ b = 2
2
\ a=1
(ii) Þ c = 5 - 2 ´ 1 = 5 - 2 = 3
(iv) Þ d = 13 – 3 ´ ( 3) = 13 - 9 = 4
i.e. a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4
436 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
x +1 x–1 4 –1
4. Given =
x– 3 x+2 1 3
Þ ( x + 1) ( x + 2) – ( x – 1)( x – 3) = 12 + 1
Þ x + 2x + x + 2 – x 2 + 3x + x – 3 = 13
2
Þ 7 x – 1 = 13
Þ 7 x = 14
Þ x=2
é 9 – 1 4ù é 1 2 – 1ù
5. Given ê ú =A+ê
ë – 2 1 3û ë 0 4 9úû
é 9 –1 4 ù é 1 2 – 1ù
Þ A=ê –
ë– 2 1 3úû êë 0 4 9úû
é 8 –3 5ù
=ê
ë– 2 – 3 – 6úû
6. Degree = 2
® ®
7. Q a=b
x i$ + 2 j$ – z k$ = 3i$ – y j$ + k$
Equating, we get, x = 3,
– y= 2Þy= – 2
– z = 1 Þz = – 1
\ x + y +z= 3 – 2 – 1 = 0
®
8. Let l, m, n be Direction cosines of a
p 1 p 1
\ l = cos = ; m = cos = ; n = cos q
3 2 4 2
Q l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
2 2
Þ æ 1 ö + æ 1 ö + cos 2 q = 1
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
1 1
Þ + + cos 2 q = 1
4 2
1 1 3 1
Þ cos 2 q = 1 – æç + ö÷ = 1 – =
è 4 2ø 4 4
1 p
Þ cos q = Þ q=
2 3
9. Equation of required line is
x – ( – 2) y – 4 z – ( – 5)
= = [Q Direction ratios of given line are 3, – 5, 6]
3 –5 6
x+2 y– 4 z+5
Þ = =
3 –5 6
Examination Papers – 2013 437
SECTION–B
11. Let x 1 , x 2 ÎA
4x 1 + 3 4x 2 + 3
Now f ( x 1 ) = f ( x 2 ) Þ =
6x 1 – 4 6x 2 – 4
Þ 24 x 1 x 2 + 18 x 2 – 16x 1 – 12 = 24 x 1 x 2 + 18 x 1 – 16 x 2 – 12
Þ – 34 x 1 = – 34x 2 Þ x 1 = x 2
Hence f is one-one function
For onto
4x + 3
Let y = Þ 6xy – 4y = 4x + 3
6x – 4
Þ 6xy – 4x = 4y + 3 Þ x ( 6y – 4) = 4y + 3
4y + 3
Þ x=
6y – 4
2
Þ " y Î codomain $ x Î Domain éQ x ¹ ù
êë 3 úû
Þ f in onto function.
Thus f is one-one onto function.
4x + 3
Also, f –1 ( x) =
6x – 4
1é 2x 1 – y2 ù
12. tan ê sin – 1 + cos – 1 ú
2ê
ë 1 + x2 1 + y 2 úû
1
= tan [2 tan – 1 x + 2 tan –1 y]
2
= tan (tan – 1 x + tan – 1 y)
æ x+y ö x+y
= tan ç tan – 1 ÷=
è 1 – xy ø 1 – xy
é 2x 1 – x2 ù
ê Note: sin – 1 = 2 tan – 1 x = cos – 1 ú
êë 1 + x2 1 + x 2 úû
OR
Refer to Q. No. 17 page -47.
13. Refer to Q. No. 4 page -100.
438 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
log x
14. Let y = (log x) x + x
Þ y = u + v where u = (log x) x , v = x log x
dy du dv
Þ = + …(i)
dx dx dx
Now u = (log x) x
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log u = x. log (log x)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
1 du 1 1 du ì 1 ü
. = x. . + log (log x) Þ = uí + log (log x)ý
u dx log x x dx î log x þ
du ì 1 ü
Þ = (log x) x í + log (log x)ý …(ii)
dx î log x þ
Again v = x log x
Taking logarithm of both sides , we get
log v = log x log x
Þ log v = log x. log x Þ log v = (log x) 2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
1 dv 1
= 2 log x .
v dx x
dv log x log x
Þ = 2x . …(iii)
dx x
du dv
Putting and from (ii) and (iii) in (i) we get
dx dx
dy ì 1 ü log x . x log x
= (log x) x í + log (log x)ý + 2
dx î log x þ x
d2y dy
Þ (x 2 + a 2 ) + x. =0 [from (i)]
2 dx
dx
16. Here, f ( x) =|x - 3|
ì -( x - 3) , x < 3
ï
f ( x) = í 0 ,x= 3
ï ( x - 3) , x > 3
î
Now, lim f ( x) = lim f ( 3 + h) [Let x = 3 + h and x ® 3 + Þ h ® 0]
x® 3+ h ®0
= lim ( 3 + h - 3) = lim h = 0
h ®0 h ®0
lim f ( x) = 0 ...(i)
x® 3+
lim f ( x) = lim f ( 3 - h) [Let x = 3 - h and x ® 3 - Þ h ® 0]
x® 3- h ®0
= lim - ( 3 - h - 3) = lim h = 0
h ®0 h ®0
lim f ( x) = 0 ...(ii)
x® 3+
Also, f ( 3) = 0 ...(iii)
From equation (i), (ii) and (iii)
lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( 3)
x® 3+ x® 3-
Hence, f ( x) is continuous at x = 3
At x = 3
f ( 3 + h) - f ( 3) ( 3 + h - 3) - 0
RHD = lim = lim
h ®0 h h ®0 h
h
= lim [Q |h|= h, |0|= 0]
h ®0 h
= lim 1
h ®0
RHD =1 ...(iv)
f ( 3 - h) - f ( 3) -( 3 - h - 3) - 0
LHD = lim = lim
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h
h
= lim [Q |h|= h]
h ®0 -h
= lim( -1)
h ®0
LHD =–1 ...(v)
Equation (iv) and (v) Þ RHD ¹ LHD at x = 3.
Hence f ( x) is not differentiable at x = 3
Therefore, f ( x) =|x - 3|, x Î R is continuous but not differentiable at x = 3.
440 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
OR
é t öù
Here, x = a sin t , y = aê cos t + log æç tan ÷
ë è 2 ø úû
Q x = a sin t
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
dx
= a cos t ...(i)
dt
é t ù
Again, Q y = a ê cos t + log æç tan ö÷ ú
ë è 2 øû
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t we get
é ù
dy ê 1 2 t 1ú
= a ê - sin t + . sec . ú
dt t 2 2ú
ê tan
ë 2 û
2
dy 1 ù dy a(1 - sin t)
Þ = a é - sin t + Þ =
dt êë sin t ûú dt sin t
dy a cos 2 t
Þ = ...(ii)
dt sin t
dy dy dt
Q =
dx dx dt
dy a cos 2 t 1
Þ = ´ [From (i) and (ii)]
dx sin t a cos t
dy
Þ = cot t
dx
Differentiating again w.r.t. x we get
d2y dt
= - cos ec 2 t.
2 dx
dx
d2y 1 - cos ec 2 t
Þ = - cos ec 2 t. =
dx 2 a cos t a cos t
sin ( x – a)
17. Let I = ò dx
sin ( x + a)
Let x + a = t Þ x = t – a
Þ dx = dt
sin (t – 2a)
\ I =ò dt
sin t
sin t . cos 2a – cos t . sin 2a
=ò dt
sin t
= cos 2a ò dt – ò sin 2a. cot t dt = cos 2a . t – sin 2a . log|sin t|+ C
= cos 2a .( x + a) – sin 2a . log|sin ( x + a)|+ C
= x cos 2a + a cos 2a – (sin 2a) log|sin ( x + a)|+ C
Examination Papers – 2013 441
OR
Refer to Q. No. 10 page 282.
x2
18. Let I =ò dx
( x 2 + 4)( x 2 + 9)
Let x 2 = t
x2 t
\ =
2 2 (t + 4) (t + 9)
( x + 4) ( x + 9)
t A B A ( t + 9) + B ( t + 4)
Now = + =
(t + 4) (t + 9) t + 4 t + 9 ( t + 4) ( t + 9)
Þ t = ( A + B) t + ( 9A + 4B)
Equating we get
A + B = 1, 9A + 4B = 0
Solving above two equations, we get
4 9
A = – , B=
5 5
x2 4 9
\ =– +
2 2 2 2
( x + 4) ( x + 9) 5 ( x + 4) 5 ( x + 9)
4 dx 9 dx
I=– ò 2
5 x +2 2
+
5 ò x2 + 32
4 1 x 9 1 x
=– ´ tan – 1 + ´ tan –1 + C
5 2 2 5 3 3
2 –1 x 3 –1 x
= – tan + tan +C
5 2 5 3
4
19. Let I = ò (|x|+|x – 2|+|x – 4|) dx
0
4 4 4
= ò |x|dx + ò |x – 2|dx + ò |x – 4|dx
0 0 0
4 2 4 4
= ò |x|dx + éê ò |x – 2|dx + ò |x – 2|dxùú + ò |x – 4|dx [By properties]
0 ë0 2 û 0
4 2 4 4
= ò x dx + ò – ( x – 2) dx + ò ( x – 2) dx + ò – ( x – 4) dx
0 0 2 0
éQ |x|= x, if 0 £ x £ 4 ù
ê |x – 2|= – ( x – 2), if 0 £ x £ 2 ú
ê ú
ê |x – 2|= ( x – 2), if 2 £ x £ 4 ú
ê |x – 4|= – ( x – 4), if 0 £ x £ 4 úû
ë
4 2 4 4
é x2 ù é ( x – 2) 2 ù é ( x – 2) 2 ù é ( x – 4) 2 ù
=ê ú –ê ú +ê ú –ê ú
êë 2 úû 0 êë 2 úû 0 êë 2 úû 2 êë 2 úû 0
1 1 1 1
= ´ 16 – ´ ( 0 – 4) + ( 4 – 0) – ´ ( 0 – 16)
2 2 2 2
= 8 + 2 + 2 + 8 = 20
442 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ® ® ® ® ®
20. Q | a + b |=| a| Þ | a + b |2 =| a|2
® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ) .( a + b ) =| a|2
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ a . a + a . b + b . a + b . b =| a |2
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ | a |2 + 2 a . b + b . b =| a|2 [Q a . b = b . a]
® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 2 a . b + b. b =0 Þ ( 2 a + b ). b = 0
® ® ®
Þ ( 2 a + b ) is perpendicular to b .
21. Let the given line
x– 2 y+1 z– 2
= = …(i)
3 4 2
intersect the plane x – y + z – 5 = 0 (ii) at point P (a , b , g )
Q P (a , b , g ) lie on line (i)
a – 2 b+1 g – 2
\ = = = l (say) P (a,b,g)
3 4 2
a = 3l + 2; b = 4l – 1; g = 2l + 2
Also P (a , b , g ) lies on plane (ii)
\ ( 3l + 2) – ( 4l – 1) + ( 2l + 2) – 5 = 0
Þ 3l + 2 - 4l + 1 + 2l + 2 - 5 = 0
Þ l=0
\ a = 2, b = – 1, g = 2
Hence, co-ordinate of required point = (2, – 1, 2)
Now to find angle between line (i) and plane (ii)
If q be the required angle, then
® ®
b. n
sin q =
® ®
| b|.| n|
é ®
$ $ $ ù
ê Q b = 3 i + 4j + 2k ú
1 1 ê ® ú
\ sin q = = ê n = i$ – j$ + k$ ú
9 + 16 + 4 . 1 2 + (–1) 2 + 1 2 29 . 3 ê ® ® ú
ê\ b . n = 3 – 4 + 2 = 1 ú
ë û
1 æ 1 ö
sin q = Þ q = sin – 1 ç ÷
87 è 87 ø
OR
Refer to Q. No. 4 page 451.
22. Refer to Q. No. 6 page 500.
Yes, the statement of B will carry more weight as the probability of B to speak truth is more
than that of A.
Examination Papers – 2013 443
SECTION–C
23. Let x, y and z be the awarded money for honesty, Regularity and hardwork.
From question
x + y + z = 6000 …(i)
x + 3z = 11000 …(ii)
x + z = 2y Þ x – 2y + z = 0 …(iii)
The above system of three equations may be written in matrix form as
AX = B,
é1 1 1 ù éx ù é 6000 ù
where A = 1 0 3 , X = y , B = ê11000 ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë1 – 2 1 úû êë z úû êë 0 úû
1 1 1
Now |A|= 1 0 3 = 1 ( 0 + 6) – 1 (1 – 3) + 1 (– 2 – 0)
1 –2 1
=6+2– 2=6¹0
–1
Hence A exist
If Aij is co-factor of aij then
0 3
A11 = (–1) 1+ 1 =0+6=6
–2 1
1 3 1 0
A12 = (– 1) 1+ 2 = – (1 – 3) = 2 ; A13 = (– 1) 1+ 3 = (–2 – 0) = – 2
1 1 1 –2
1 1 1 1
A21 = (– 1) 2 + 1 = – (1 + 2) = – 3 ; A22 = (– 1) 2 + 2 = 0
–2 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
A23 = (– 1) 2 + 3 = (–2 – 1) = 3 ; A 31 = (– 1) 3 + 1 = 3 – 0= 3
1 –2 0 3
1 1 1 1
A 32 = (– 1) 3 + 2 = – ( 3 – 1) = – 2 ; A 33 = (– 1) 3 + 3 = 0 –1=–1
1 3 1 0
T
é 6 2
– 2ù é 6 –3 3ù
adj A = ê – 3 0 ú
3 = ê 2 0 – 2ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 – 2 – 1 úû êë – 2 3 – 1 úû
é 6 –3 3ù
1 1
\ A– 1 = . adj A = ê 2 0 – 2ú
|A| 6 ê ú
êë – 2 3 – 1 úû
Q AX = B Þ X = A – 1 B
é xù é 6 –3 3ù é 6000 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 2 0 – 2ú ê11000ú
ê ú 6 ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë – 2 3 – 1 úû ëê 0 úû
444 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
2x. e x / y – y
Let F( x, y) =
2y. e x / y
2l x. e lx/ ly – l y 2 x e x/ y – y
\ F( lx, ly) = = l0 = l0 . F ( x, y)
lx/ ly x/ y
2l y . e 2y e
Hence, given differential equation is homogeneous.
x/ y
dx 2x e –y
Now, = …(i)
dy 2y . e x / y
dx dv
Let x = vy Þ =v + y.
dy dy
vy
y
dv 2vy . e – y
\(i) Þ v + y. =
dy vy
2y . e y
v v
dv y ( 2v e – 1) dv 2v . e – 1
Þ y. = –v Þ y. = –v
dy 2y . e v dy 2e v
dv 1
Þ y =– v Þ 2y e v dv = – dy
dy 2e
dy
Þ 2 ò e v dv = – ò Þ 2e v = – log y + C
y
x
y
Þ 2e = log y = C
When x = 0, y = 1
\ 2e 0 + log 1 = C or C = 2
Hence, the required solution is
2e x / y + log y = 2 Þ log C = 2
446 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
27. The equation of plane passing through three points i$ + j$ – 2k$ , 2i$ – j$ + k$ and i$ + 2j$ + k$
i.e., (1, 1, –2), (2, – 1, 1) and (1, 2, 1) is
x– 1 y– 1 z+ 2 x– 1 y– 1 z+ 2
2– 1 –1– 1 1+ 2 =0 Þ 1 –2 3 =0
1– 1 2–1 1+ 2 0 1 3
Þ ( x – 1) ( – 6 – 3) – ( y – 1) ( 3 – 0) + (z + 2) (1 + 0) = 0
Þ –9x + 9 – 3y + 3 + z + 2 = 0
Þ 9x + 3y – z = 14 …(i)
Its vector form is,
®
r .( 9 j$ + 3j$ – k$) = 14
The given line is
®
r = ( 3i$ – j$ – k$) + l ( 2i$ – 2j$ + k$)
Its cartesian form is
x– 3 y+1 z+1
= = …(ii)
2 –2 1
Let the line (ii) intersect plane (i) at (a , b , g )
Q (a , b , g ) lie on (ii)
a – 3 b +1 g +1
= = = l (say)
2 –2 1
Þ a = 2l + 3; b = – 2l – 1; g = l – 1
Also, point (a , b , g ) lie on plane (i)
Þ 9 a + 3b – g = 14
Þ 9 ( 2l + 3) + 3 (–2l – 1) – ( l – 1) = 14
Þ 18l + 27 – 6 l – 3 – l + 1 = 14 Þ 11l + 25 = 14
Þ 11l = 14 – 25 Þ 11l = – 11
Þ l= –1
Therefore point of intersection º (1, 1, – 2).
28. Let x and y hectare of land be allocated to crop A and B respectively. If Z is the profit then
Z = 10500x + 9000 y …(i)
We have to maximize Z subject to the constraints
x + y £ 50 …(ii)
20x + 10y £ 800 Þ 2x + y £ 80 …(iii)
x ³ 0, y ³ 0 …(iv)
The graph of system of inequalities (ii) to (iv) are drawn, which gives feasible region OABC
with corner points O (0, 0), A (40, 0), B (30, 20) and C (0, 50).
Graph for x + y = 50
x 0 50
y 50 0
Examination Papers – 2013 447
Graph for 2x + y = 80
x 0 40
y 80 0
60
C(0, 50)
50
40
2x
+y
=8
30
0
B(30, 20)
20
x
+
y
=
10 50
A(40, 0)
X’ O 10 20 30 40 50 60 X
Y’
Hence the co-operative society of farmers will get the maximum profit of ` 4,95,000 by
allocating 30 hectares for crop A and 20 hectares for crop B.
Yes, because excess use of herbicide can make drainage water poisonous and thus it harm
the life of water living creature and wildlife.
29. Let E1 , E2 , A be events defined as
E1 = treatment of heart attack with Yoga and meditation
E2 = treatment of heart attack with certain drugs.
A = Person getting heart attack.
1 1
P (E1 ) = , P (E2 ) =
2 2
æAö 30 ö 28
Now P ç ÷ = 40% – æç 40 ´ ÷% = 40% – 12% = 28% =
èE ø è 100 ø 100
1
æAö 25 ö 30
P ç ÷ = 40% – æç 40 ´ ÷% = 40% – 10% = 30% =
E
è 2ø è 100 ø 100
448 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æE ö
We have to find P ç 1 ÷
èAø
æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
\ Pç 1÷ =
èAø æAö æAö
P (E1 ) . P ç ÷ + P (E2 ) . P ç ÷
E
è 1ø è E2 ø
1 28
´
2 100 28 100 14
= = ´ =
1 28 1 30 100 58 29
´ + ´
2 100 2 100
The problem emphasises the importance of Yoga and meditation.
Treatment with Yoga and meditation is more beneficial for the heart patient.
Set–II
9. Degree = 1
16. Let E1 and E2 be two events such that
E1 = P speaks truth
E2 = Q speaks truth
70 7 7 3
Now P (E1 ) = = Þ P (E 1) = 1 – =
100 10 10 10
80 4 4 1
P (E2 ) = = Þ P (E 2) = 1 – =
100 5 5 5
P (P and Q stating the same fact)
= P (speak truth and Q speak truth or P does not speak truth and Q does not speak truth)
= P (both speak truth) + P (both do not speak truth)
7 4 3 1 28 3 31
= ´ + ´ = + =
10 5 10 5 50 50 50
No, both can tell a lie.
18. Refer to page 412, Q. No. 12.
3 3 3 3
19. Let I = ò [|x - 1|+|x - 2|+|x - 3|] dx = ò|x - 1|dx + ò|x - 2|dx + ò|x - 3|dx
1 1 1 1
3 2 3 3
= ò|x - 1|dx + ò|x - 2|dx + ò|x - 2|dx + ò|x - 3|dx
1 1 2 1
[By properties of definite integral]
3 2 3 3
= ò ( x - 1) dx + ò -( x - 2) dx + ò ( x - 2) dx + ò -( x - 3) dx
1 1 2 1
ìx - 1 ³ 0, if 1 £ x £ 3 ü
ïx - 2 £ 0, if 1 £ x £ 2 ïï
ï
í ý
ïx - 2 ³ 0, if 2 £ x £ 3ï
ïî x - 3 £ 0, if 1 £ x £ 3ïþ
Examination Papers – 2013 449
3 2 3 3
é ( x - 1) 2 ù é ( x - 2) 2 ù é ( x - 2) 2 ù é ( x - 3) 2 ù
=ê ú -ê ú +ê ú -ê ú
êë 2 ú 2 2 2
û 1 êë úû 1 êë úû 2 êë úû 1
4 1 1 4 1 1
= æç - 0ö÷ - æç 0 - ö÷ + æç - 0ö÷ - æç 0 - ö÷ = 2 + + + 2 = 5
è2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 2
x2 +1
20. Let I =ò dx
( x 2 + 4) ( x 2 + 25)
Let x 2 = y
x2+1 y +1
Þ =
( x 2 + 4) ( x 2 + 25) ( y + 4) ( y + 25)
y +1 A B y +1 A ( y + 25) + B ( y + 4)
Now, = + Þ =
( y + 4) ( y + 25) y + 4 y + 25 ( y + 4) ( y + 5) ( y + 4) ( y + 5)
Þ y + 1 = ( A + B) y + ( 25A + 4B)
Equating we get
A + B = 1 and 25A + 4B = 1
–1 8
Þ A= , B=
7 7
x2 +1 –1 8
\ = +
2 2 2 2
( x + 4) ( x + 25) 7 ( x + 4) 7 ( x + 25)
é 1 8 ù 1 dx 8 dx
\ I = ò ê– + ú dx = – ò + ò
2 2 2
7 x +2 2 7 x +52
2
êë 7 ( x + 4) 7 ( x + 25) úû
1 1 x 8 1 x 1 x 8 x
= – ´ tan –1 + ´ tan –1 + C = – tan –1 + tan –1 + C
7 2 2 7 5 5 14 2 35 5
28. Given differential equation is
dy y y
x sin + x – y sin = 0
dx x x
y
Dividing both sides by x sin , we get
x
dy y y
+ cosec – = 0
dx x x
dy y y
Þ = – cosec …(i)
dx x x
y y
Let F ( x, y) = – cosec
x x
ly ly y y
\ F ( l x, l y) = – cosec = l0 éê – cosec ùú = l0 F( x, y)
lx lx ëx xû
Hence, differential equation (i) is homogeneous
y dy dv
Let y = vx Þ =v Þ =v + x.
x dx dx
450 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Set–III
® ®
2. a + b = ( 2 i$ – j$ + 2k$) + (– i$ + j$ + 3k$) = i$ + 5k$
® ® i$ + 5k$
\ Unit vector in the direction of a + b =
12 +52
1 $ 1 $ 5 $
= (i + 5k$) = i+ k
26 26 26
4. Degree = 3
11. Let E1 and E2 be two events such that
E1 = A speaks truth
E2 = B speaks truth
75 3 3 1
Now P (E1 ) = = Þ P (E 1) = 1 – =
100 4 4 4
90 9 9 1
P (E2 ) = = Þ P (E 2 ) = 1 – =
100 10 10 10
\ P ( A and B contradict to each other) = P (E1 ) ´ P (E 2 ) + P (E 1) ´ P (E2 )
3 1 1 9 12 3
= ´ + ´ = =
4 10 4 10 40 10
It is not necessary that the statement of B is always true, it may be false also.
13. Given A(1, 2, 3), B(2, – 1, 4) and C(4, 5, – 1)
®
Now AB = ( 2 – 1) i$ + (– 1 – 2) j$ + ( 4 – 3) k$ = i$ – 3 j$ + k$
®
AC = ( 4 – 1) i$ + (5 – 2) j$ + (– 1 – 3) k$ = 3i$ + 3 j$ – 4 k$
Examination Papers – 2013 451
i$ j$ k$
1 ® ® 1
Area of given triangle = |AB ´ AC|= 1 – 3 1
2 2
3 3 –4
1
= |(12 – 3) i$ – (– 4 – 3) j$ + ( 3 + 9) k$|
2
1 $ 1
= |9 i + 7 j$ + 12 k$|= 9 2 + 7 2 + 12 2
2 2
1
= 274 sq. unit
2
5
14. Let I = ò [|x – 2|+|x – 3|+|x – 5|] dx
2
5 5 5
= ò|x – 2|dx + ò|x – 3|dx + ò|x – 5|dx
2 2 2
5 3 5 5
= ò|x – 2|dx + ò|x – 3|dx + ò|x – 3|dx + ò|x – 5|dx
2 2 3 2
[By properties of Definite Integral]
5 3 5 5
= ò ( x – 2) dx + ò – ( x – 3) dx + ò ( x – 3) dx + ò – ( x – 5) dx
2 2 3 2
ìx - 2 ³ 0, if 2 £ x £ 5 ü
ïx - 3 £ 0, if 2 £ x £ 3ïï
ï
í ý
ïx - 3 ³ 0, if 3 £ x £ 5ï
ïî x - 5 £ 0, if 2 £ x £ 5 ïþ
5 3 5 5
é ( x - 2) 2 ù é ( x - 3) 2 ù é ( x - 3) 2 ù é ( x - 5) 2 ù
=ê ú - ê ú + ê ú - ê ú
êë 2 úû 2 êë 2 úû 2 êë 2 úû 3 êë 2 ú
û2
9 1 9 9 1 9
= æç – 0ö÷ – æç 0 – ö÷ + ( 2 - 0) – æç 0 - ö÷ = + + 2 +
è2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 2 2
9 + 1 + 4 + 9 23 23
= = =
2 2 2
2x 2 + 1
15. Let I =ò dx
x 2 ( x 2 + 4)
Let x 2 = y
2x 2 + 1 2y + 1
\ =
2 2
x ( x + 4) y ( y + 4)
2y + 1 A B
Now, = +
y ( y + 4) y y + 4
Þ 2y + 1 = A ( y + 4) + By
452 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Þ 2y + 1 = ( A + B) y + 4A
1
Þ 4A = 1 Þ A =
4
1 7
and A + B= 2 Þ B= 2– =
4 4
1 7 dx 1 x– 2+ 1 7 1 x
\ I =ò dx + ò = + ´ tan – 1 + C
2 2
4x 4 ( x + 4) 4 – 2 + 1 4 2 2
1 7 x
=– + tan – 1 + C
4x 8 2
25. The equation of line through the points (3, – 4, – 5) and (2, – 3, 1) is given by
x– 3 y+ 4 x+5
= =
2– 3 – 3+ 4 1+5
x– 3 y+ 4 z+5
Þ = = …(i)
–1 1 6
The equation of plane determined by points (2, 2, 1), (3, 0, 1) and (4, – 1, 0) is
x– 2 y– 2 z–1 x– 2 y– 2 z–1
3– 2 0– 2 1–1 =0 Þ 1 –2 0 =0
4– 2 –1 – 2 0 – 1 2 –3 –1
Þ ( x – 2) ( 2 – 0) – ( y – 2) (–1 – 0) + (z – 1) (– 3 + 4)
Þ 2x – 4 + y – 2 + z – 1 = 0
Þ 2x + y + z – 7 = 0 …(ii)
Let line (i) cross the plane (ii) at (a , b , g )
Q Point (a , b , g ) lies on line (i) (a,b)
a – 3 b + 4 g +5
\ = = = l (say)
–1 1 6
Þ a = – l + 3; b = l – 4; g = 6l – 5
Also, point (a , b , g ) lies on plane (ii)
\ 2a +b + g – 7 = 0
Þ 2 ( – l + 3) + ( l – 4) + 6l – 5 – 7 = 0
Þ – 2 l + 6 + l – 4 + 6l – 12 = 0
Þ 5 l – 10 = 0 Þ l = 2
Hence, the coordinate of the point, where line (i) cross the plane (ii) is (1, – 2, 7)
26. Given differential equation is
y
æ y ö
ç x . e x + y÷ dx = x dy dy x . e x + y
Þ = …(i)
ç ÷ dx x
è ø
y
x.e x + y
Let F( x, y) =
x
ly y
lx . e lx + ly 0 x.e x + y
\ F( lx, ly) = =l = l0 F( x, y)
lx x
Examination Papers – 2013 453
y
–
x
1
Þ –e = log x + C Þ – = log x + C
y
ex
y y
Þ e x . log x + C . e x + 1 = 0
Given that x = 1 when y = 1
1
\ e log 1 + Ce + 1 = 0 Þ C=–
e
\ The required particular solution is
y y
1 x
e x . log x – e +1 = 0
e
y y
-1
or e x log x – e x +1 = 0
zzz
CBSE Examination Papers
(All India–2013)
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Write the principal value of tan –1( 3 ) – cot –1 (– 3 ).
é æ 3 öù
2. Write the value of tan – 1 ê 2 sin ç 2 cos – 1 ÷ ú.
ë è 2 øû
é 0 1 – 2ù
3. For what value of x, is the matrix A = ê – 1ê 0 3úú a skew-symmetric matrix?
êë x – 3 0 úû
é 1 – 1ù
4. If matrix A = ê and A 2 = kA, then write the value of k.
ë– 1 1 úû
5. Write the differential equation representing the family of curves y = mx, where m is an
arbitrary constant.
2 –3 5
6. If Aij is the cofactor of the element aij of the determinant 6 0 4 , then write the value of
1 5 –7
a 32 . A 32 .
® ® ® ®
7. P and Q are two points with position vectors 3 a – 2 b and a + b respectively. Write the
position vector of a point R which divides the line segment PQ in the ratio 2:1 externally.
® ® ® ® ® ®
8. Find| x|, if for a unit vector a , ( x – a ) . ( x + a ) = 15.
9. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane 2x – 3y + 6z + 21 = 0.
10. The money to be spent for the welfare of the employees of a firm is proportional to the rate of
change of its total revenue (marginal revenue). If the total revenue (in rupees) received from
the sale of x units of a product is given by R( x) = 3x 2 + 36x + 5, find the marginal revenue
when x = 5, and write which value does the question indicate.
Examination Papers – 2013 455
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Consider f : R + ® [ 4, ¥) given by f ( x) = x 2 + 4. Show that f is invertible with the inverse f – 1
of f given by f – 1 ( y) = y – 4, where R+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers.
1 3 4– 7
12. Show that: tan æç sin – 1 ö÷ =
è2 4 ø 3
OR
3
Solve the following equation: cos (tan – 1 x) = sin æç cot –1 ö÷
è 4ø
13. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
x x + y x + 2y
x + 2y x x + y = 9y 2 ( x + y)
x+y x + 2y x
2
dy (1+ log y)
14. If y x = e y – x , prove that = .
dx log y
15. Differentiate the following with respect to x :
æ 2 x+ 1. 3 x ö
sin – 1 ç ÷
ç 1+ ( 36) x ÷
è ø
16. Find the value of k, for which
ì 1 + kx – 1 – kx
ï , if – 1 £ x < 0
ï x
f ( x) = í
2x + 1
ï , if 0 £ x < 1
ïî x–1
is continuous at x = 0.
OR
d2y p
If x = a cos 3 q and y = a sin 3 q, then find the value of at q = .
2 6
dx
cos 2x – cos 2a
17. Evaluate: ò cos x – cos a
dx.
OR
x+2
Evaluate: ò dx
x 2 + 2x + 3
dx
18. Evaluate : ò x ( x5 + 3)
2p
1
19. Evaluate : ò 1 + e sin x
dx
0
456 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ® ® ® ® ®
20. If a = i$ – j$ + 7 k$ and b = 5i$ – j$ + lk$ , then find the value of l, so that a + b and a – b are
perpendicular vectors.
21. Show that the lines
®
r = 3i$ + 2j$ – 4k$ + l (i$ + 2j$ + 2k$);
®
r = 5i$ – 2j$ + m ( 3i$ + 2j$ + 6k$);
are intersecting. Hence find their point of intersection.
OR
Find the vector equation of the plane through the points (2, 1, – 1) and (– 1, 3, 4) and
perpendicular to the plane x – 2y + 4z = 10.
3 5
22. The probabilities of two students A and B coming to the school in time are and
7 7
respectively. Assuming that the events, ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B coming in time’ are
independent, find the probability of only one of them coming to the school in time.
Write at least one advantage of coming to school in time.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
x2 y2
23. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse + = 1.
a2 b2
OR
4
Find the equations of tangents to the curve 3x 2 – y 2 = 8, which pass through the point æç , 0ö÷.
è3 ø
24. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x 2 and y = x .
25. Find the particular solution of the differential equation (tan –1 y – x) dy = (1 + y 2 ) dx, given that
when x = 0, y = 0.
26. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes
® ®
r .(i$ + 3j$) – 6 = 0 and r .( 3 i$ – j$ – 4k$) = 0, whose perpendicular distance from origin is unity.
OR
Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the
® ®
planes r .(i$ – j$ + 2k$) = 5 and r .( 3i$ + j$ + k$) = 6.
27. In a hockey match, both teams A and B scored same number of goals up to the end of the
game, so to decide the winner, the referee asked both the captains to throw a die alternately
and decided that the team, whose captain gets a six first, will be declared the winner. If the
captain of team A was asked to start, find their respective probabilities of winning the match
and state whether the decision of the referee was fair or not.
28. A manufacturer considers that men and women workers are equally efficient and so he
pays them at the same rate. He has 30 and 17 units of workers (male and female) and
capital respectively, which he uses to produce two types of goods A and B. To produce
one unit of A, 2 workers and 3 units of capital are required while 3 workers and 1 unit of
capital is required to produce one unit of B. If A and B are priced at ` 100 and ` 120 per
Examination Papers – 2013 457
unit respectively, how should he use his resources to maximise the total revenue? Form
the above as an LPP and solve graphically.
Do you agree with this view of the manufacturer that men and women workers are equally
efficient and so should be paid at the same rate?
29. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its
members (say x) for honesty, some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for
supervising the workers to keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is
12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times
the number of awardees for honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for
honesty and supervision is twice the number of awardees for helping others, using
matrix method, find the number of awardees of each category. Apart from these values,
namely, honesty, cooperation and supervision, suggest one more value which the
management of the colony must include for awards.
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
é 2 –2ù 2
9. If matrix A = ê ú and A = pA , then write the value of p.
ë – 2 2 û
® ® ® ®
10. A and B are two points with position vectors 2 a – 3 b and 6 b – a respectively. Write the
position vector of a point P which divides the line segment AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2.
dy log x
19. If x y = e x– y , prove that = .
dx (1 + log x) 2
dx
20. Evaluate: ò x ( x 3 + 8)
p x sin x
21. Evaluate: ò0 1 + cos 2 x dx
® ® ® ® ® ®
22. If p = 5 i$ + l j$ – 3 k$ and q = i$ + 3 j$ – 5 k$ , then find the value of l , so that p + q and p – q are
perpendicular vectors.
28. Find the area of the region {( x, y) : y 2 £ 6ax and x 2 + y 2 £ 16 a 2 ] using method of integration.
y
29. Show that the differential equation [ x sin 2 æç ö÷ – y] dx + x dy = 0 is homogeneous. Find the
è xø
p
particular solution of this differential equation, given that y = when x = 1.
4
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
é 3 – 3ù
9. If matrix A = ê and A 2 = lA , then write the value of l.
ë– 3 3 úû
® ® ® ®
10. L and M are two points with position vectors 2 a – b and a + 2 b respectively. Write the
position vector of a point N which divides the line segment LM in the ratio 2:1 externally.
458 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
19. Using vectors, find the area of the triangle ABC, whose vertices are A (1, 2, 3), B (2, –1, 4) and
C (4, 5, –1).
dx
20. Evaluate: ò .
x ( x 3 + 1)
2
dy sin ( a + y)
21. If x sin ( a + y) + sin a cos ( a + y) = 0, prove that = .
dx sin a
22. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
3x – x + y – x + z
x–y 3y z – y = 3 ( x + y + z) ( xy + yz + zx).
x–z y–z 3z
28. Find the area of the region {( x, y) : y 2 £ 4x, 4x 2 + 4y 2 £ 9} using method of integration.
29. Find the particular solution of the differential equation.
dx p
+ x cot y = 2y + y 2 cot y, ( y ¹ 0), given that x = 0 when y = .
dy 2
Examination Papers – 2013 459
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
p p
1. tan -1 3 – cot -1 ( - 3 ) = tan -1 æç tan ö÷ – cot -1 æç - cot ö÷
è 3 ø è 6ø
p æ p ö
= tan -1 æç tan ö÷ - cot -1 ç cot æç p - ö÷ ÷
è 3 ø è è 6 øø
p 5p
= tan -1 æç tan ö÷ - cot -1 æç cot ö÷
è 3 ø è 6ø
p 5p é p æ p pö 5p ù
= -
3 6 êQ 3 Î çè - 2 , 2 ÷ø and 6 Î( 0, p) ú
ë û
2p - 5p p
= =-
6 2
é æ 3 öù -1 æ æ p öö é 3 pù
2. tan -1 ê 2 sin ç 2 cos -1 ÷ ú = tan ç 2 sin ç 2 ´ ÷ ÷ êQcos -1 = ú
è 2 øû è è ø
6 ø ë 2 6û
ë
p æ 3ö p
= tan -1 æç 2 sin ö÷ = tan -1 ç 2 ´ ÷ = tan ( )
-1
3 =
è 3ø è 2 ø 3
3. A will be skew symmetric matrix if
A = – A'
é 0 1 -2 ù é 0 -1 x ù é 0 1 - x ù
Þ ê -1 0 3 ú = -ê 1 0 -3úú = êê -1 0 3 úú
ê ú ê
êë x -3 0 úû êë -2 3 0 úû êë 2 -3 0 úû
Equating, we get x = 2
4. Given A2 = kA
é 1 -1 ù é 1 -1 ù é 1 -1 ù
Þ ê -1 1 ú . ê -1 1 ú = k ê -1 1 ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 2 - 2 ù é 1 - 1 ù é 1 -1 ù é 1 -1 ù
Þ ê -2 2 ú = k ê -1 1 ú Þ 2ê ú = kê ú
ë û ë û ë -1 1 û ë -1 1 û
Þ k=2
5. y = mx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=m
dx
Hence, required differential equation is
dy
y = .x Þ ydx - xdy = 0
dx
460 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
2 5
6. a 32 . A 32 = 5 ´ ( -1) 3 + 2
6 4
= – 5 (8 – 30) = -5 ´ -22 = 110
®
7. If r is the position vector of R then by section formula
® ® ® ®
® 2( a + b ) - 1 .( 3 a – 2b) ® ® ® ® ®
r = 3a – 2b a–b r
2-1
® ® ® ® P P
2 a+ 2 b- 3 a+ 2 b ® ®
= =4b- a
1
® ® ® ®
8. Given ( x - a ) . ( x + a ) = 15
® ®
Þ ( x ) 2 - ( a ) 2 = 15
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ x . x - a . a = 15 Þ | x|2 -| a|2 = 15
® ®
Þ | x|2 -1 = 15 Þ | x|2 = 16
®
Þ | x|= 4 [Q –ve value is not acceptable]
9. Given plane is
2x - 3y + 6z + 21 = 0
0 ´ 2 + 0 ´ ( -3) + 0 ´ 6 + 21
\ Length of ^ar from origin (0, 0, 0) =
2 2 + ( -3) 2 + 6 2
21 21 21
= = = =3
4 + 9 + 36 49 7
Note: If p is perpendicular distance from (a, b, g) to plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 then
aa + bb + cg + d
p=
a2 + b 2 + c 2
10. Given: R( x) = 3x 2 + 36x + 5
Þ R ¢( x) = 6x + 36
\ Marginal revenue (when x = 5) = R ¢( x) ]x =5 = 6 × 5 + 36= `66.
The question indicates the value of welfare, which is necessary for each society.
SECTION–B
11. For one-one
Let x 1 , x 2 Î R+ (Domain)
f (x1) = f (x2 ) Þ x 12 + 4 = x 22 + 4
Þ x 12 = x 22
Þ x1 = x2 [Q x 1 , x 2 are +ve real number]
\ f is one-one function.
Examination Papers – 2013 461
For onto
Let y Î [4, ¥) s.t.
y = f ( x) " x Î R + (set of non-negative reals)
2
Þ y=x +4
Þ x= y-4 [Q x is + ve real number]
Obviously, " y Î [4, ¥] , x is real number Î R (domain)
i.e., all elements of codomain have pre image in domain.
Þ f is onto.
Hence f is invertible being one-one onto.
For inverse function: If f -1 is inverse of f, then
fof -1 = I (Identity function)
-1
Þ fof ( y) = y " y Î [4, ¥)
-1
Þ f (f ( y)) = y
-1
Þ (f ( y)) 2 + 4 = y [ Q f ( x) = x 2 + 4]
Þ f -1 ( y) = y - 4
Therefore, required inverse function is f -1 : [4, ¥] ® R defined by
f -1 ( y) = y - 4 " y Î [4, ¥).
3 3 é æ p p öù
12. Let sin -1 =q Þ sin q = êq Î çè - 2 , 2 ÷ø ú
4 4 ë û
q
2 tan
2 3 é 2 tan x ù
Þ
q
= êQ sin 2x = ú
1 + tan 2 4 ë 1 + tan 2 x û
2
q q q q
Þ 3 + 3 tan 2 = 8 tan Þ 3 tan 2 – 8 tan + 3 = 0
2 2 2 2
q 8 ± 64 - 36 q 8 ± 28
Þ tan = Þ tan =
2 6 2 6
q 8±2 7 q 4± 7
Þ tan = Þ tan =
2 6 2 3
1 3 4- 7 éQq = sin -1 3 ù
Þ tan æç sin -1 ö÷ = êë
è2 4 ø 3 4 úû
OR
3
Given cos (tan x) = sin æç cot -1 ö÷
-1
è 4ø
p 3
Þ cos(tan -1 x) = cosæç - cot -1 ö÷
è2 4ø
p 3
Þ tan -1 x = - cot -1
2 4
462 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p p 3 3
Þ - cot -1 x = - cot -1 Þ cot -1 x = cot -1
2 2 4 4
é p ù
ê Note: sin q = cos æç - q ö÷ ú
3 è2 ø
Þ x= ê ú
4 ê -1 -1 pú
tan x + cot x =
êë 2 úû
x x+y x + 2y
13. L.H.S. = x + 2y x x+y
x+y x + 2y x
3 ( x + y) 3 ( x + y) 3 ( x + y)
= x + 2y x x+y [Applying R 1 = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ]
x+y x + 2y x
1 1 1
= 3 ( x + y) x + 2y x x+y [Taking 3 ( x + y) common from R 1 ]
x+y x + 2y x
0 0 1
= 3 ( x + y) y -y x+y [Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 3 , C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
y 2y x
Expanding along R 1 we get
= 3 ( x + y) {1 ( 2y 2 + y 2 )}
= 9y 2 ( x + y) = RHS
14. Given y x = e y - x
Taking logarithm both sides we get
log y x = log e y - x
Þ x. log y = ( y - x). log e Þ x. log y = ( y - x)
y
Þ x (1 + log y) = y Þ x=
1 + log y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.y. We get
æ 1ö
(1 + log y).1 - y. ç 0 + ÷
dx è yø
=
dy 2
(1 + log y)
2
1 + log y - 1 log y dy (1 + log y)
= = Þ =
(1 + log y) 2 (1 + log y) 2 dx log y
é Note: (i) log e mn = log e m + log e n ù
ê ú
ê m
(ii) log e = log e m - log e nú
ê n ú
ê n ú
êë (iii) log e m = n log e m úû
Examination Papers – 2013 463
1 + k( - h) – 1 - k( - h)
= lim f (– h) = lim
h ®0 h ®0 -h
1 - kh - 1 + kh 1 – kh + 1 + kh
= lim ´
h ®0 -h 1 – kh + 1 + kh
(1 - kh) – (1 + kh) 2k
= lim = lim
h ®0 -h { 1 - kh + 1 + kh } h ®0
{ 1 - kh + 1 + kh }
2k
=
2
Þ lim f ( x) = k ....(i)
x ®0 –
2´ 0+1
Also f ( 0) = = –1
0-1
Q f is continuous at x = 0
\ lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( 0) Þ k = –1.
x ®0 – x ®0 +
OR
Given: x = a cos 3 q
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. q we get
dx
= -3a cos 2 q. sin q ...(i)
dq
Also y = a sin 3 q
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. q we get
dy
= 3a sin 2 q . cos q ...(ii)
dq
464 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy
dy dq 3a sin 2 q . cos q
Now = =
dx dx
dq –3a cos 2 q . sin q
dy
Þ = – tan q
dx
d2y dq
Þ = – sec 2 q.
2 dx
dx
– sec 2 q 1
= = sec 4 q . cos ec q
2 3 a
-3a cos q . sin q
d2y ù 1 p p
\ ú = sec 4 . cosec
2 3 a 6 6
dx úû x = p
6
4
1 æ 2 ö 32
.ç = ÷ ´ 2=
3a è 3 ø 27 a
cos 2x - cos 2a
17. Let I=ò dx
cos x - cos a
( 2 cos 2 x - 1) - ( 2 cos 2 a - 1)
=ò dx
cos x - cos a
2(cos 2 x - cos 2 a ) 2(cos x + cos a ).(cos x – cos a )
=ò dx =ò dx
cos x - cos a (cos x - cos a )
= 2ò (cos x + cos a ) dx = 2ò cos x dx + 2ò cos a dx
= 2 sin x + 2x cos a + C
OR
x+2
Let I = ò dx
x 2 + 2x + 3
1 2x + 4 1 ( 2x + 2) + 2
= ò dx = ò dx
2 2
x + 2x + 3 2 x 2 + 2x + 3
1 ( 2x + 2) dx 1 2dx
= ò + ò
2 x 2 + 2x + 3 2 x 2 + 2x + 3
1
I = I1 + I2 ....(i)
2
( 2x + 2) dx dx
Where I1 = ò and I2 = ò
2 2
x + 2x + 3 x + 2x + 3
2x + 2
Now I1 = ò dx
2
x + 2x + 3
Let x 2 + 2x + 3 = z 2
2z dz
( 2x + 2) dx = 2z dz Þ I1 = ò
z
= 2ò dz = 2z = 2 x 2 + 2x + 3 + C 1
Examination Papers – 2013 465
Þ I1 = 2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 + C 1
dx dx
Again I2 = ò =ò
2
x + 2x + 3 ( x + 1) 2 + ( 2 ) 2
= log|( x + 1) + ( x + 1) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 |
= log|( x + 1) + x 2 + 2x + 3|+C 2
Putting the value of I1, and I2 in (i) we get
I = 2 x 2 + 2x + 3 + log|( x + 1) + x 2 + 2x + 3|+(C 1 + C 2 )
= 2 x 2 + 2x + 3 + log|( x + 1) + x 2 + 2x + 3|+C.
dx x 4 dx 1 5x 4 dx
I=ò =ò
5 ò x5 ( x5 + 3)
18. Let =
x( x5 + 3) x5 ( x5 + 3)
Let x5 = z Þ 5x 4 dx = dz
1 dz
\ I= ò
5 z (z + 3)
1 z+ 3 -z 1 z+ 3 1 z
5 ´ 3 ò z (z + 3) 15 ò z (z + 3) 15 ò z (z + 3)
= dz = dz – dz
1 dz 1 dz 1
= ò . – ò = { log z - log z + 3 } + C
15 z 15 z + 3 15
1 z 1 x5
= log +C= log +C
15 z+ 3 15 x5 + 3
2p
1
19. Let I = ò 1+e sin x
dx ...(i)
0
a a
Applying properties ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx we get
0 0
2p 2p 2p
dx dx dx
I= ò 1+e sin( 2 p - x )
= ò 1+e - sin x
= ò 1
0 0 0 1+
e sin x
2p
e sin x dx
I= ò e sin x + 1
...(ii)
0
Adding (i) and (ii) we get
2p 2p 2p
dx e sin x dx 1 + e sin x
2I = ò 1 + e sin x
+ ò 1 + e sin x
= ò 1 + e sin x
dx
0 0 0
2p
2p
= ò dx = x]0
0
Þ 2I = 2p Þ I = p.
466 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ®
20. Here a = i$ - j$ + 7 k$ ; b = 5i$ - j$ + lk$
® ® ® ®
\ a + b = 6i$ - 2j$ + (7 + l) k$; a – b = -4i$ + (7 – l) k$
® ® ® ®
Q ( a + b ) is perpendicular to ( a - b )
® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ).( a – b ) = 0 Þ –24 + (7 + l) . (7 – l) = 0
Þ –24 + 49 – l2 = 0 Þ l2 = 25
Þ l = ± 5.
21. Given lines are
®
r = 3i$ + 2j$ – 4k$ + l (i$ + 2j$ + 2k$)
®
r = 5i$ + 2j$ + m ( 3i$ + 2j$ + 6k$)
Its corresponding Cartesian forms are
x- 3 y-2 z+4
= = ....(i)
1 2 2
x-5 y+ 2 z- 0
= = ....(ii)
3 2 6
If two lines (i) and (ii) intersect, let interesting point be (a , b, g).
Þ (a , b, g) satisfy line (i)
a - 3 b - 2 g +4
\ = = = l (say)
1 2 2
Þ a = l + 3, b = 2l + 2, g = 2l - 4
Also ( a , b , g ) will satisfy line (ii)
a -5 b + 2 g
\ = =
3 2 6
l + 3 - 5 2l + 2 + 2 2l - 4
Þ = =
3 2 6
l - 2 l + 2 l -2
\ = =
3 1 3
I II III
l-2 l+2
I and II Þ = Þ l - 2 = 3l + 6 Þ l = - 4
3 1
l+2 l-2
II and III Þ = Þ l = -4
1 3
\ The value of l is same in both cases.
Hence, both lines intersect each other at point
(a , b , g ) º (– 4 + 3, 2 × (– 4)+ 2, 2 (– 4)– 4) º (–1, –6, –12)
OR
Let the equation of plane through the point (2, 1 –1) be
a ( x - 2) + b ( y - 1) + c (z + 1) = 0 ....(i)
Since it passes through (–1, 3, 4)
Examination Papers – 2013 467
Þ a ( -1 - 2) + b ( 3 - 1) + c ( 4 + 1) = 0
Þ -3a + 2b + 5c = 0 ....(ii)
Also, line (i) is ^ar to x - 2y + 4z = 10
Þ a – 2b + 4c = 0 ....(iii)
From (ii) and (iii) we get
a b c
= =
8 + 10 5 + 12 6 - 2
a b c
Þ = = = l (say)
18 17 4
Þ a = 18l , b = 17 l , c = 4l
Putting the value of a, b and c in (i) we get
18l ( x - 2) + 17 l( y - 1) + 4l(z + 1) = 0
Þ 18x + 17 y + 4z = 49
®
Þ r .(18i$ + 17 j$ + 4k$) = 49.
22. Let E1 and E2 be two events such that
E1 = A coming to the school in time.
E2 = B coming to the school in time.
3 5
Here P (E1) = and P (E2) =
7 7
4 2
Þ P(E 1 ) = , P(E 2 ) =
7 7
P (only one of them coming to the school in time) = P(E1 ) ´ P(E 2 ) + P(E 1 ) ´ P(E2 )
3 2 5 4
= ´ + ´
7 7 7 7
6 20 26
= + =
49 49 49
Coming to school in time i.e., punctuality is a part of discipline which is very essential for
development of an individual.
SECTION–C
23. Let ABCD be rectangle having area A inscribed in an ellipse
x2 y2
+
=1 ...(i)
a2 b 2
Let the coordinate of A be (a , b)
\ coordinate of B º ( a , -b)
C º ( - a , - b)
D º ( - a , b)
Now A = Length × Breadth = 2a ´ 2b
A = 4 ab
468 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
3x 0 æ 4 ö
\ (0 – y0) = ç - x0 ÷
y è3
0
ø
Þ - y 0 = 4x 0 - 3x 0 2
2 ....(ii)
2 2
Also, Q ( x 0 , y 0 ) lie on given curve 3x - y = 8
Þ 3x 02 – y 02 = 8 Þ y 02 = 3x 02 - 8
Putting y 02 in (ii) we get
– ( 3x 02 - 8) = 4x 0 - 3x 02
Þ 4x 0 = 8 Þ x0 = 2
2
\ y0 = 3 ´ 2 - 8 = 4 = ±2
Therefore equations of required tangents are
3´2 3´2
( y - 2) = ( x - 2) and ( y + 2) = ( x - 2)
2 -2
Þ y - 2 = 3x – 6 and y + 2 = -3x + 6
Þ 3x - y - 4 = 0 and 3x + y - 4 = 0
24. Refer to Q. No. 4 Page No. 348.
25. Refer to Q. No. 14 Page 365.
26. The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes
® ®
r .(i$ + 3j$) - 6 = 0 and r .( 3i$ - j$ - 4k$) = 0 is
é® $ $ ù é® $ $ $ù
ê r .(i + 3j ) - 6ú + l ê r .( 3i – j - 4k) ú = 0
ë û ë û
®
Þ r .[(1 + 3l)i + ( 3 - l) j$ - 4lk$] - 6 = 0 ...(i)
Q Plane (i) is at unit distance from origin (0, 0, 0)
0+0-0-6
\ =1
(1 + 3l) 2 + ( 3 - l) 2 + ( -4l) 2
6
Þ =1
2 2 2
1 + 9l + 6l + 9 + l - 6l + 16l
6 36
Þ =1 Þ =1 [Squaring both sides]
2
26l2 + 10 26l + 10
Þ 26l2 + 10 = 36
Þ 26l2 = 26 Þ l2 = 1 Þ l = ±1
Hence, the equations of required planes are
® ®
r .( 4i$ + 2j$ - 4k$) = 6 and r .( -2i$ + 4j$ + 4k$) = 6
OR
The required line is parallel to the planes
®
r .(i$ - j$ + 2k$) = 5
470 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
®
r .( 3i$ + j$ + k$) = 6
\ Parallel vector of required line = (i$ - j$ + 2k$) ´ ( 3i$ + j$ + k$)
i$ j$ k$
= 1 -1 2 = ( -1 - 2)i$ - (1 - 6) j$ + (1 + 3) k$
3 1 1
14
13
3x +
12
y
11
= 17
A(
10 0, 10
)
9
C(3, 8)
8
7 2x
+ 3y
6 =3
5 0
4
3
2
1 17
B( , 0)
3
X’ O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 X
(0, 0)
–1
Y’
Therefore maximum revenue is `1,260 when 2 workers and 8 units capital are used for
production.
Yes, although women workers have less physical efficiency but it can be managed by her
other efficiency.
29. According to question
x + y + z = 12
2x + 3y + 3z = 33
x - 2y + z = 0
The above system of linear equation can be written in matrix form as
AX = B ....(i)
é1 1 1 ù é xù é 12 ù
Where A = êê 2 3 3úú, X = êê yúú, B = êê 33úú
êë 1 -2 1 úû êë z úû êë 0 úû
472 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 1 1
Now A = 2 3 3 = 1 (3 + 6) –1 (2–3) + 1 (– 4 –3) = 9 + 1 – 7 = 3
1 -2 1
A11 = 9, A12 = 1, A13 = –7
A21 = –3, A22 = 0, A23 = 3
A31 = 0, A32 = –1, A33 = 1
¢
é 9 1 -7 ù é9 -3 0ù
Adj A = êê -3 0 3 úú = êê 1 0 -1úú
êë 0 -1 1 úû êë -7 3 1 úû
é9 -3 0ù
1ê
\ A –1
= ê1 0 -1úú
3
êë -7 3 1 úû
Q AX = B Þ X = A -1 B
é xù é 9 -3 0 ù é 12 ù
\ ê yú = 1 ê 1 0 -1úú . êê 33úú
ê ú 3ê
ëê z ûú ëê -7 3 1 ûú êë 0 úû
é xù é 108 – 99 ù
ê yú = 1ê
ê ú 12 + 0 + 0úú
3ê
êë z úû êë -84 + 99 úû
é xù é 9 ù é 3ù
ê yú = 1ê ú ê ú
ê ú 12 = 4 Þ x = 3, y = 4, z = 5
3ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë15úû êë 5 úû
No. of awards for honesty = 3
No. of awards for helping others = 4
No. of awards for supervising = 5.
The persons, who work in the field of health and hygiene should also be awarded.
SET–II
é 2 -2 ù
9. Here A = ê ú
ë -2 2 û
Given A2 = pA
é 2 -2 ù é 2 -2 ù é 2 -2 ù
ê -2 2 ú . ê -2 2 ú = p ê -2 2 ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 8 -8 ù é 2 -2 ù
Þ ê -8 8 ú = p ê -2 2 ú
ë û ë û
é 2 -2 ù é 2 -2 ù
Þ 4ê ú = pê ú Þ p=4
ë -2 2 û ë -2 2 û
Examination Papers – 2013 473
®
10. Let r be the position vector of point P.
By section formula
® ® ® ®
® 1 .( 6 b - a ) + 2 .( 2 a - 3 b )
r =
1+2
® ® ® ® ®
6 b- a+ 4 a- 6 b 3a ®
= = = a
3 3
® ® ® ®
(2a – 3b) (6b – a)
A 1 P®
r
2 B
19. Given, x y = e x - y
Taking logarithm to the base e both sides, we get log x y = log e x - y
Applying law of logarithm, we get y log x = ( x - y). log e
Þ y log x = x - y [Q log e = 1]
x
Þ y(1 + log x) = x Þ y=
1 + log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
1
(1 + log x).1 - x.( 0 + )
dy x
=
dx (1 + log x) 2
dy log x
Þ =
dx (1 + log x) 2
dx x 2 dx
20. I=ò Þ I=ò
x( x 3 + 8) x 3 ( x 3 + 8)
Let x3 =z
dz
Þ 3x 2 dx = dz Þ x 2 dx =
3
1 dz 1 (z + 8) – z
3 ò z(z + 8) 3 ´ 8 ò z (z + 8)
\ I= = dz
1 é 1 - 1 ù dz = 1 dz - 1 dz
= ò ê
3 ´ 8 ëz z + 8û ú ò ò
24 z 24 z + 8
1 1
= log||z- log|z + 8|+C
24 24
1 z 1 z3
= log +C = log + C.
24 z+8 24 z3 + 8
p
x sin x
21. Let I = ò dx ...(i)
2
0 1 + cos x
p
( p - x) sin( p - x)
=ò dx [By properties]
0 1 + cos 2 ( p - x)
474 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p
( p - x) sin x
Þ I=ò dx ...(ii)
0 1 + cos 2 x
Adding (i) and (ii) we get
p
sin x
2I = p ò dx
2
0 1 + cos x
Let cos x = z
x = 0 Þz = 1
Þ – sin x dx = dz
and x = p Þ z = -1
–1 1
dz dz
\ 2I = - p ò =pò = p [tan -1 z] 1
2 2
11 +z –11 + z
ép p ù p2
= p [tan -1 1 - tan -1 ( -1)] = p ê - æç - ö÷ ú = .
ë 4 è 4 øû 2
®
22. Here p = 5i$ + lj$ - 3k$
® ® ® ®
q = i + 3 j -5 k
® ®
p + q = 6i$ + ( 3 + l) j$ - 8k$
® ® ® ® ®
p - q = 4 i + ( l - 3) j + 2 k
® ® ® ®
Since ( p + q ) is perpendicular to ( p – q ).
® ® ® ®
Þ ( p + q) . ( p – q) = 0
Þ ( 6i$ + ( 3 + l) j$ - 8k$) . ( 4i$ + ( l – 3 ) j$ + 2k$) = 0
Þ 24 + ( l2 - 9) - 16 = 0
Þ l2 = 1 Þ l =±1
SECTION C
28. Corresponding curves of given region Y
2 2 2 2
{( x, y): y £ 6ax and x + y £ 16a } are
B (2a, 2Ö3a)
x 2 + y 2 = 16a 2 ...(i)
y = 6ax ...(ii)
Obviously, curve (i) is a circle having centre
(0, 0) and radius 4a. While curve (ii) is right (–4a, 0) O A(4a, 0) X
handed parabola having vertex at (0, 0) and
axis along +ve direction of x-axis.
Obviously, shaded region OCAB is area C
represented by
y 2 £ 6ax
and x 2 + y 2 £ 16a 2
Examination Papers – 2013 475
Now let y = vx
dy dv
\ Þ =v+ x
dx dx
Putting these value is (i) we get
vx
vx - x sin 2 2
dv x dv x {v - sin v}
v+x = Þ v+x =
dx x dx x
dv dv
Þ v+x = v - sin 2 v Þ x = - sin 2 v
dx dx
dv dx
Þ =-
2 x
sin v
Integrating both sides, we get
2 1
Þ ò cosec vdv = - ò x dx
Þ – cot v = - log x + C
y
Þ log x - cot æç ö÷ = C …(ii)
è xø
p
Putting y = and x = 1 we get
4
p
log 1 – cot =C Þ 0–1=C
4
Þ C = -1
Hence particular solution is
y
log x - cot æç ö÷ = -1
è xø
æ yö
Þ log x - cot ç ÷ + 1 = 0
è xø
SET–III
é 3 -3 ù
9. Here A = ê ú
ë -3 3 û
Given A2 = lA
é 3 -3 ù é 3 -3 ù é 3 -3 ù
Þ ê -3 3 ú ê -3 3 ú = l ê -3 3 ú
ë û ë û ë û
é 18 -18ù é 3 -3 ù
Þ ê -18 18 ú = l ê -3 3 ú
ë û ë û
é 3 -3 ù é 3 -3 ù
Þ 6 ê ú =lê ú Þ l = 6.
ë -3 3 û ë -3 3 û
Examination Papers – 2013 477
®
10. If r is the position vector of N then by section formula
® ® ® ® ®
2a – b a – 2b r
L M N
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
® 2( a + 2 b ) – 1 ( 2 a - b ) 2 a+ 4 b- 2 a+ b ®
r = = =5 b
2-1 1
19. Given: A (1, 2, 3), B (2, –1, 4) and C (4, 5, –1)
®
We have AB = i$ - 3j$ + k$
®
AC = 3i$ + 3j$ – 4k$
1 ® ®
Now area of given triangle = AB ´ AC
2
i$ j$ k$
1 1
= 1 -3 1 = (12 - 3) i$ - ( -4 - 3) j$ + ( 3 + 9) k$
2 2
3 3 -4
1 $ 1 274
= ( 9i + 7 j$ + 12k$ = 9 2 + 7 2 + 12 2 = sq. unit.
2 2 2
dx x 2 dx
20. Let I = ò =ò
x( x 3 + 1) x 3 ( x 3 + 1)
Let x 3 = z
dz
Þ 3x 2 dx = dz Þ x 2 dx =
3
1 dz 1 (z + 1) - z
\ I= ò = ò
3 z(z + 1) 3 z(z + 1)
dz
1 é1 1 ù 1 dz dz
= ò ê - ú
3 ëz z + 1û
dz = ò
3 z
-ò
z+1
1 1
= log z - log z + 1 + C
3 3
1 z 1 x3
= log + C = log +C
3 z+1 3 x3 +1
21. Given: x sin( a + y) + sin a cos ( a + y) = 0
sin a . cos ( a + y)
Þ x=– Þ x = – sin a . cot( a + y)
sin ( a + y)
Differentiating w.r.t. y we get
dx sin a
= + sin a . cosec 2 ( a + y) =
dy sin 2 ( a + y)
2
dy sin ( a + y)
Þ =
dx sin a
478 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
3x - x + y - x + z
22. LHS D = x - y 3y z-y
x-z y-z 3z
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3
x+ y+z - x+ y - x+z
D= x+ y+z 3y z– y
x+ y+z y-z 3z
Applying R 2 ® R 2 – R 1 ; R 3 ® R 3 – R 1
1 - x+ y - x+z
D = (x + y + z) 0 2y + x x-y
0 x-z x + 2z
Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C 3
1 y - z -x + z
D = (x + y + z) 0 3y x-y
0 -3z x + 2z
1 , -9
Þ x=
2 2
1
when x = ,y=± 2
2
9
- is not possible as y 2 cannot be –ve.
2
Required Area = 2 × Area of OBCO
= 2 × (Area of OACO + Area of ABCA)
é 12 3 2 9 ù
= 2ê ò 4xdx + ò - x 2 dxú
0 12 4
ë û
é 2 12 é 3 2ù
x 9 9 2x ù
= 2ê 2éê x 3 2 ùú +ê . - x 2 + sin -1 ú ú
ê ë3 û0 ë 2 4 8 3 û1 2 ú
ë û
é4 1 3 2
9p 1 9 1 ù
= 2ê æç ö÷ + - 2 - sin -1 ú
êë 3 è 2 ø 16 4 8 3 úû
é 2 9p 2 9 1 ù é 4 9p 2 9 1 ù
= 2ê + - - sin -1 ú = ê + - - sin -1 ú
ë 3 2 16 4 8 3 û ë3 2 8 2 4 3û
1 9p 9 1
= + - sin -1 sq units.
3 2 8 4 3
29. Given differential equation is
dx
+ x cot y = 2y + y 2 cot y
dy
dx
It is in the form of + Px = Q
dy
Here P = cot y Q = 2y + y 2 cot y
cot y dy
\ I.F. = e ò = e log (sin y ) = sin y [Q e log z = z]
Hence, general solution is
x. sin y = ò ( 2y + y 2 cot y) . sin y dy + C
é y2 y2 ù
= 2ê sin y . - ò cos y . dyú + ò y 2 cos ydy + C
êë 2 2 úû
Þ x. sin y = y 2 sin y + C
480 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p
Putting x = 0 and y =
2
p2 p2
0= ´1+C Þ C=–
4 4
Hence, particular solution is
p2
x. sin y = y 2 sin y - .
4
zzz
CBSE Examination Papers
(Foreign–2013)
Set–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
9p ö
1. Write the principal value of tan -1 æç tan ÷.
è 8 ø
3
2. Write the value of sin æç 2 sin -1 ö÷.
è 5ø
1
3. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix, whose elements are given by a ij = – 3i + j , then write the value of a23.
3
4. If A is a square matrix and A = 2, then write the value of AA ¢ , where A ¢ is the transpose of
matrix A.
3 10
5. If A = , then write A–1.
2 7
6. Write the differential equation formed from the equation y = mx + c, where m and c are
arbitrary constants.
® ® ® ® ® ®
7. If a is a unit vector and (x- a) × (x+ a) = 24, then write the value of x .
® ® ®
8. For any three vectors a , b and c , write the value of the following:
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
a ´ (b + c) + b ´ (c + a) + c ´ (a + b)
9. Write the cartesian equation of a plane, bisecting the line segment joining the points A (2, 3, 5)
and B (4, 5, 7) at right angles.
10. If C = 0.003x3 + 0.02x2 + 6x + 250 gives the amount of carbon pollution in air in an area on the
entry of x number of vehicles, then find the marginal carbon pollution in the air, when 3
vehicles have entered in the area and write which value does the question indicate.
482 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Prove that the relation R in the set A = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} given by R = {(a, b) : a - b , is divisible by 2},
is an equivalence relation. Find all elements related to the element 6.
x - 1ö -1 æ x + 1 ö p
12. If tan -1 æç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = , then find the value of x.
è x - 2ø è x + 2ø 4
OR
x
If y = cot -1
( )
cos x - tan -1
( cos x , then prove that sin y = tan 2 æç ö÷.
) è 2ø
13. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
a2 + 1 ab ac
2
ab b +1 bc = 1 + a2 + b 2 + c 2
ca cb c2 + 1
19. The magnitude of the vector product of the vector i$ + j$ + k$ with a unit vector along the sum
of vectors 2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$ and li$ + 2j$ + 3k$ is equal to 2. Find the value of l.
x2 + 1
20. Evaluate: ò x 2 - 5x + 6 dx
21. Find the shortest distance between the following lines:
x+1 y+1 z+1 3- x y-5 z-7
= = ; = =
7 -6 1 -1 -2 1
OR
Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 1, –1) and (–1, 3, 4) and perpendicular to
the plane x – 2y + 4z = 10.
Examination Papers – 2013 483
22. In a group of 50 scouts in a camp, 30 are well trained in first aid techniques while the
remaining are well trained in hospitality but not in first aid. Two scouts are selected at
random from the group. Find the probability distribution of number of selected scouts who
are well trained in first aid. Find the mean of the distribution also.
Write one more value which is expected from a well trained scout.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. 10 students were selected from a school on the basis of values for giving awards and were
divided into three groups. The first group comprises hard workers, the second group has
honest and law abiding students and the third group contains vigilant and obedient
students. Double the number of students of the first group added to the number in the second
group gives 13, while the combined strength of first and second group is four times that of
the third group. Using matrix method, find the number of students in each group. Apart from
the values, hard work, honesty and respect for law, vigilance and obedience, suggest one
more value, which in your opinion, the school should consider for awards.
8
24. Prove that the volume of the largest cone, that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is of
27
the volume of the sphere.
OR
Show that the normal at any point q to the curve x = a cos q + a q sin q, y = a sin q – a q cos q is
at a constant distance from the origin.
25. Find the area enclosed by the parabola 4y = 3x 2 and the line 2y = 3x + 12.
dy æ yö
26. Find the particular solution of this differential equation x 2 - xy = 1 + cos ç ÷ , x ¹ 0. Find
dx è xø
p
the particular solution of this differential equation, given that when x = 1, y = .
2
$
27. Find the image of the point having position vector i$ + 3j$ + 4k in the plane
®
r × ( 2i$ - j$ + k$) + 3 = 0.
OR
Find the equation of a plane which is at a distance of 3 3 units from origin and the normal
to which is equally inclined to the coordinate axes.
28. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of `500 is made on each
executive class ticket out of which 20% will go to the welfare fund of the employees.
Similarly a profit of `400 is made on each economy ticket out of which 25% will go for the
improvement of facilities provided to economy class passengers. In both cases, the
remaining profit goes to the airline’s fund. The airline reserves at least 20 seats for executive
class. However at least four times as many passengers prefer to travel by economy class
than by the executive class. Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold in order
to maximise the net profit of the airline. Make the above as an LPP and solve graphically.
Do you think, more passengers would prefer to travel by such an airline than by others?
29. Often it is taken that a truthful person commands, more respect in the society. A man is
known to speak the truth 4 out of 5 times. He throws a die and reports that it is actually a
six. Find the probability that it is actually a six. Do you also agree that the value of
truthfulness leads to more respect in the society?
484 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Set–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
® ® ® ® ® ®
9. If p is a unit vector and ( x - p) × ( x + p) = 48, then write the value of x .
7pö
10. Write the principal value of tan -1 æç tan ÷.
è 6 ø
19. Differentiate the following with respect to x:
(sin x) x + ( cos x) sin x
20. Find a vector of magnitude 6, perpendicular to each of the vectors
® ® ® ® ® ®
a + b and a - b , where a = i$ + j$ + k$ and b = i$ + 2j$ + 3k$.
21. Prove that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, . . ., 12} given by R = {(a, b) : a - b is divisible by 3},
is an equivalence relation. Find all elements related to the element 1.
22. Evaluate:
1 - x2
ò x - 2x 2 dx.
28. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2 = 2x and the line x – y = 4.
dy
29. Show that the differential equation (x – y) = (x + 2y) is homogeneous and solve it.
dx
Set–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given.
æ 1 ö
9. Write cot -1 çç ÷÷, |x|>1 in simplest form.
è x2 - 1 ø
® ® ® ® ® ®
10. If a is a unit vector and ( 2x - 3 a ) × ( 2x + 3 a ) = 91, then write the value of |x|.
2x 2 + 3
19. Evaluate: ò x 2 + 5x + 6 dx.
Solutions
Set–I
SECTION–A
9p ö -1 æ p öö
1. tan -1 æç tan æ
÷ = tan ç tan ç p + ÷ ÷
è 8 ø è è 8 øø
p p é p æ p p öù
= tan -1 æç tan ö÷ = êëQ 8 Î çè – 2 , 2 ÷ø úû
è 8ø 8
3
2. Let sin æç 2 sin -1 ö÷ = q
è 5ø
3
Þ 2 sin -1 = sin -1 q
5
ì 3 9ü é Q2 sin -1 x = sin -1 {2x 1 - x 2 }ù
Þ sin -1 í 2 ´ 1 - ý = sin -1 q
îï 5 25 þ ëê ûú
6 4 24
Þ sin -1 ìí ´ üý = sin -1 q Þ sin -1 æç ö÷ = sin -1 q
îï 5 5 þ è 25 ø
24 3 24
Þ q= Þ sin æç 2 sin -1 ö÷ =
25 è 5 ø 25
1 1
3. a 23 = -3 ´ 2 + 3 = -6 + 3
3 3
1
= ´ 3=1
3
4. AA' = A . A' = A . A = A 2 = 22 = 4.
[Note: |AB|=|A|.|B|and|A|=|AT|, where A and B are square matrices.]
é 3 10ù
5. Here A = ê ú
ë2 7 û
T
é 7 -2 ù é 7 -10ù
\ Adj A = ê ú =ê
ë -10 3 û ë -2 3 úû
Also A = 21 - 20 = 1 ¹ 0
1 é 7 -10ù 1 é 7 -10ù é 7 -10ù
\ A -1 = = =
A êë -2 3 úû 1 êë -2 3 úû êë -2 3 úû
6. Here y = mx + c
dy
Differentiating, we get =m
dx
Again, differentiating we get
d2y
= 0 , which is the required differential equation
dx 2
486 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ ® ®ö æ ® ®ö
7. Given: ç x - a ÷ . ç x + a ÷ = 24
è ø è ø
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ x. x + x. a – a . x – a . a = 24
® ® ® é ® ù
Þ | x|2 -| a|2 = 24 Þ ( x) 2 = 25 êëQ | a|= 1úû
®
Þ | x|= 5
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
8. a ´ ( b + c ) + b ´ ( c + a) + c ´ ( a + b )
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= a´ b + a´ c + b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ a + c ´ b
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= a ´b + a ´ c+b ´ c – a ´ b - a ´ c- b ´ c = 0
9. One point of required plane = mid point of given line segment.
2 + 4 3 +5 5 +7ö
= æç , , ÷ = (3, 4, 6)
è 2 2 2 ø
Also D.r’s of Normal to the plane = 4 –2, 5–3, 7–5
= 2, 2, 2
Therefore, required equation of plane is
2( x - 3) + 2( y - 4) + 2(z - 6) = 0
2x + 2y + 2z = 26 or x + y + z = 13
10. We have to find i.e. [C ¢ ( x)] x = 3
Now C(x) = 0.003x3 + 0.02x2 + 6x + 250
\ C ¢( x) = 0.009x 2 + 0.04x + 6
[C ¢( x) ]x = 3 = 0.009 ´ 9 + 0.04 ´ 3 + 6
= 0.081 + 0.12 + 6 = 6.201
This question indicates “how increment of vehicles increase the carbon pollution in air,
which is harmful for creature.
SECTION–B
11. Here R is a relation defined as
R = {( a, b) : a - b is divisible by 2}
Reflexivity
Here (a, a) Î R as a - a = 0 = 0 divisible by 2 i.e., R is reflexive.
Symmetry
Let (a, b) Î R
( a, b) Î R Þ a - b is divisible by 2
Þ a - b = ± 2m Þ b - a = m 2m
Þ b - a is divisible by 2 Þ (b, a) Î R
Hence R is symmetric
Transitivity Let (a, b), (b, c) Î R
Now, (a, b), (b, c) Î R Þ a - b , b - c are divisible by 2
Þ a - b = ±2 m and b - c = ±2 n
Examination Papers – 2013 487
Þ a - b + b - c = ± 2(m + n)
Þ ( a - c) = ± 2k [Qk = m + n]
Þ ( a - c) = 2k
Þ ( a - c) is divisible by 2 Þ ( a, c) Î R.
Hence R is transitive.
Therefore, R is an equivalence relation.
The elements related to 6 are 6, 8.
12. Refer to Q 21, Page 49.
OR
Given y = cot -1
(
cos x - tan -1 cos x ) ( )
p
Þ y=
2
(
- tan -1 cos x - tan -1 ) ( cos x )
p p 1 - cos x ö
Þ y = - 2 tan -1 cos x ( ) Þ y= - cos -1 æç ÷
2 2 è 1 + cos x ø
1 - cos x ö
Þ y = sin -1 æç ÷
è 1 + cos x ø
1 - cos x 2 sin 2 x
2
Þ sin y = Þ sin y =
1 + cos x 2 cos 2 x 2
2
Þ sin y = tan x 2
é -1 -1 p ù
ê Note: tan x + cot x = , x Î R ú
ê 2 ú
ê p
sin x + cos x = , x Î [-1, 1]ú
- 1 - 1
ê 2 ú
ê 2 ú
ê and 2 tan -1 x = cos -1 1 - x , x ³ 0 ú
êë 1 + x2 úû
13. Refer to Q 6, Page 101.
14. Refer to Q 38, Page 188.
15. Refer to Q 56, Page 198.
16. Here f(x) = 2x - x
For continuity at x = 0
lim+ f ( x) = lim f ( 0 + h) lim f ( x) = lim f ( 0 - h)
x ®0 h ®0 x ®0 - h ®0
= lim f ( h) = lim f ( - h)
h ®0 h ®0
{
= lim 2h - h
h ®0
} {
= lim 2( - h) - - h
h ®0
}
= lim( 2h - h) = lim{-2h - h}
h ®0 h ®0
=0 ....(i) =0 ....(ii)
488 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Hence f ( x) is continuous at x = 0
For differentiability at x = 0
f ( 0 - h) - f ( 0) f ( - h) - f ( 0)
L.H.D. = lim = lim
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h
= lim
(2(- h) - h ) – { 2 ´ 0 - 0 } = lim -2h – h - 0
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h
-3 h
= lim = lim 3
h ®0 - h h®0
L.H.D. =3 ....(iv)
f ( 0 + h) - f ( 0)
Again R.H.D. = lim
h ®0 h
f ( h) - f ( 0) 2h - h - 2 ´ 0 - 0
= lim = lim
h ®0 h h ®0 h
2h - h h
= lim = lim
h ®0 h h ®0 h
= lim 1.
h®0
R.H.D. =1 ...(v)
From (iv) and (v)
L.H.D. ¹ R.H.D.
Hence, function f(x) = 2x – x is not differentiable at x = 0
i.e., f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
OR
æ 2 ö
1 + x - 1÷
Let u = tan -1 ç
ç x ÷
è ø
v = tan -1 x
du
We have to find
dv
æ 1 + x2 - 1ö
Now, u = tan -1 ç ÷
ç x ÷
è ø
Let x = tan q Þ q = tan -1 x
é 1 + tan 2 q - 1 ù é sec q - 1 ù
\ u = tan -1 ê ú = tan -1 ê ú
êë tan q úû ë tan q û
é 1 - 1ù
-1 ê cos q ú 1 - cos q cos q ù
= tan ê = tan -1 é .
sin q ú ê cos q sin q ûú
ë
ê ú
ë cos q û
Examination Papers – 2013 489
é 2 sin 2 q ù
-1 é 1- cos q ù -1 ê 2 ú
= tan = tan ê
êë sin q úû q qú
ê 2 sin cos ú
ë 2 2û
é sin q ù
-1 ê 2 ú = tan -1 æç tan q ö÷ = q
= tan ê
qú è 2ø 2
ê cos ú
ë 2û
1
\ u = tan -1 x
2
Differentiating, both sides w.r.t. x we get
du 1
= ...(i)
dx 2(1 + x 2 )
Also, v = tan -1 x
dv 1
Þ = ...(ii)
dx 1 + x 2
du 1 1 + x2 1
\ = 2
´ =
dv 2(1 + x ) 1 2
sin x + cos x
17. Let I = ò dx
9 + 16 sin 2x
Let sin x - cos x = z Þ (cos x + sin x) dx = dz
Also Q (sin x - cos x) = z Þ (sin x – cos x) 2 = z 2
Þ (sin x + cos x - 2 sin x . cos x) = z 2
2 2
Þ 1 - sin 2x = z 2
Þ sin 2x = 1 - z 2
dz dz
\ I=ò 2
=ò
9 + 16(1 - z ) 25 - 16z 2
5
+z
1 dz 1 1 4
16 ò æ 5 ö 2
= = . . log +C
2 16 2 ´ 5 5
- z
ç ÷ -z 4 4
è 4ø
1 5 + 4z 1 5 + 4(sin x - cos x)
= log +C= log +C
40 5 - 4z 40 5 - 4(sin x - cos x)
OR
2
Let I = ò x log(1 + x) dx
x3 1 x3
= log(1 + x). -ò . dx
3 1+x 3
x3 1 x3
= log(1 + x). - ò dx
3 3 x+1
x 3 log(1 + x) 1 ì 2 1 ü
= – ò í( x - x + 1) - ý dx
3 3 îï x + 1þ
490 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
x 3 . log(1 + x) 1 1 dx
=
3
–
3 ò (
x 2 - x + 1 dx + ò )
3 x+1
x 3 log (1 + x) x 3 x2 x 1
= - + - + log( x + 1) + C
3 9 6 3 3
18. Refer to Q. 18, Page 299.
® ® ®
19. Let a = i$ + j$ + k$ ; b = 2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$ ; c = li$ + 2j$ + 3k$
From question
® ® ® ® ®
® b+c a ´ (b + c)
a´ = 2Þ = 2
® ® ® ®
b+ c b+ c
® ®
b + c = ( 2 + l) i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
® ®
\ | b + c|= ( 2 + l) 2 + 6 2 + ( -2) 2
= 4 + l2 + 4l + 36 + 4
= l2 + 4l + 44
i$ j$ k$
® ® ®
Þ a ´ (b + c) = 1 1 1
2 + l 6 -2
= ( -2 - 6)i$ - ( -2 - 2 - l) j$ + ( 6 - 2 - l) k$
= -8i$ + ( 4 + l) j$ + ( 4 - l) k$
Putting it in (i), we get
-8i$ + ( 4 + l) j$ + ( 4 - l) k$ ( -8) 2 + ( 4 + l) 2 + ( 4 - l) 2
= 2 Þ = 2
l2 + 4l + 44 l2 + 4l + 44
Squaring both sides we get
64 + 16 + l2 + 8l + 16 + l2 - 8l 96 + 2l2
=2 Þ =2
l2 + 4l + 44 2
l + 4l + 44
Þ 8l = 8 Þ l =1
x2 + 1
20. Let I = ò 2 dx
x - 5x + 6
é 1 ù
ê x 2 - 5x + 6 x 2 + 1 ú
æ 5x - 5 ö ê ú
= ò ç1 + 2 ÷ dx ê ú
è x - 5x + 6 ø 2
ê - x ± 6 m 5xú
ê 5x - 5 ú
ê ú
ê ú
ë û
Examination Papers – 2013 491
5x - 5 5x - 5
= ò dx + ò 2
dx = x + ò 2 dx
x - 5x + 6 ( x - 3x - 2x + 6)
5x - 5 5x - 5
=x+ò dx = x + ò dx
x( x - 3) - 2( x - 3) ( x - 3)( x - 2)
I = x + I1 ....(i)
5x - 5
Now I1 = ò dx
( x - 3)( x - 2)
5x - 5 A B
Let = = + Þ 5x - 5 = A ( x - 2) + B ( x - 3)
( x - 3)( x - 2) x - 3 x - 2
If x = 2 Þ 5 = – B Þ B = – 5
If x = 3 Þ 10 = A Þ A = 10
5x - 5 10 -5
\ = +
( x - 3)( x - 2) x - 3 x - 2
10 5 ö
\ I 1 = ò æç - ÷ dx
è x - 3 x - 2ø
= 10 log x - 3 - 5 log x - 2 + C
Þ I = x + 10 log x - 3 - 5 log x - 2 + C (using (i) )
20
C2 20 ´ 19 38
Now P(X = 0) = 50
= =
C2 50 ´ 49 245
20 30
C1 ´ C1 20 ´ 30 ´ 2 120
P(X = 1) = 50
= =
C2 50 ´ 49 245
30
C2 30 ´ 29 87
P(X = 2) = 50
= =
C2 50 ´ 49 245
Now distribution table is as
X 0 1 2
P(x) 38 120 87
245 245 245
38 120 87
Now Mean = å x i p i = 0 ´ +1´ +2´
245 245 245
120 174 294
= + =
245 245 245
A well trained scout should be disciplined
23. Let no. of students in Ist, 2nd and 3rd group to x, y, z respectively.
From question
x + y + z = 10
2x + y = 13
x + y - 4z = 0
The above system of linear equations may be written in matrix form as
AX = B where
é 1 1 1 ù é xù é10ù
A = 2 1 0 , X = y , B = ê13ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 1 1 -4úû êë z úû êë 0 úû
1 1 1
A = 2 1 0 = 1( -4 - 0) - 1( -8 - 0) + 1( 2 - 1) = -4 + 8 + 1 = 5 ¹ 0
1 1 -4
1 0
Now A11 = ( -1) 1+1 = -4- 0= -4
1 -4
2 0 2 1
A12 = ( -1) 1+ 2 = - ( -8 - 0) = 8; A13 = ( -1) 1+ 3 = 2-1=1
1 -4 1 1
1 1 1 1
A21 = ( -1) 2+1 = -( -4 - 1) = 5; A22 = ( -1) 2+ 2 = -4 - 1 = -5
1 -4 1 -4
1 1 1 1
A23 = ( -1) 2+ 3 = -(1 - 1) = 0; A31 = ( -1) 3+1 = 0 - 1 = -1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
A32 = ( -1) 3+ 2 = -( 0 - 2) = 2; A33 = ( -1) 3+ 3 = 1 - 2 = -1
2 0 2 1
Examination Papers – 2013 493
T
é -4 8 1 ù é -4 5 -1 ù
\ ê
Adj A = 5 -5 0 ú = ê 8 -5 2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -1 2 -1úû êë 1 0 -1úû
Now AX = B Þ X = A–1 B.
é xù é -4 5 -1ù é10ù é xù é -40 + 65ù é 25ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 8 -5 2 ú ê13ú Þ ê yú = 1 ê 80 - 65 ú = 1 ê 15 ú
ê ú 5ê úê ú ê ú 5ê ú 5ê ú
êë z úû êë 1 0 -1úû êë 0 úû êë z úû êë 10 úû êë 10 úû
é xù é 5 ù
Þ ê yú = ê 3ú Þ x = 5, y = 3, z = 2
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 2 úû
Apart from these values, the school should consider “disciplined behaviour” for awards.
24. Refer to Q 3, Page 235.
OR
Given x = a cos q + a q sin q
y = a sin q - a q cos q
dx
\ = - a sin q + a (q cos q + sin q)
dq
= - a sin q + a q cos q + a sin q = aq cos q
dy
and = a cos q - a( -q sin q + cos q)
dq
= a cos q + a q sin q - a cos q = aq sin q
dy
dy a q sin q
Þ = dq = = tan q
dx dx a q cos q
dq
\ Slope of tangent at q = tan q
1
Þ Slope of normal at q = - = - cot q
tan q
Hence equation of Normal at q is
y - ( a sin q - a q cos q)
= - cot q
x - ( a cos q + a q sin q)
Þ y - a sin q + a q cos q + x cot q - cot q ( a cos q + a q sin q) = 0
cos q cos 2 q
Þ y - a sin q + a q cos q + x -a - a q cos q = 0
sin q sin q
Þ x cos q + y sin q - a = 0 ...(i)
0. cos q + 0. sin q - a
Distance from origin (0, 0) to (i) = =a
cos 2 q + sin 2 q
25. Refer to Q 23, Page 339.
dy æ yö
26. Given x 2 - xy = 2 cos 2 ç ÷, x ¹ 0
dx è 2x ø
494 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy æ yö
x2 - xy sec 2 ç ÷
dx è 2x ø é 2 dy ù
Þ =1 Þ ê x - xyú = 1
æ yö 2 ë dx û
2 cos 2 ç ÷
è 2x ø
Dividing both sides by x 3
æ yö
sec 2 ç ÷
è 2x ø é 1 dy y ù 1 d é æ y öù
Þ .ê . - 2ú= 3 Þ ê tan ç ÷ ú = x -3
2 ë x dx x û x dx ë è 2x ø û
Integrating both sides w.r.t.x we get.
dé æ y öù -3
ò dx êë tan çè 2x ÷ø úû dx = ò x dx
-3 +1
æ yö x æ yö 1
Þ tan ç ÷ = +C Þ tan ç ÷ = – x -2 + C
è 2 x ø -3 + 1 è 2x ø 2
æ yö 1
Þ tan ç ÷ = – 2 + C
è 2x ø 2x
p
For particular solution when x = 1, y = , we have
2
æ pö 1
tan ç ÷ = – + C
è4ø 2
1 3
Þ 1+ =C Þ C=
2 2
Hence Particular Solution is
æ yö 1 3
tan ç ÷ = - 2 +
è 2x ø 2x 2
27. Refer to Q 6, Page 450.
OR
Since, the required plane is at 3 3 unit distance from the origin and its normal is equally
inclined to the coordinate axes.
Þ d= 3 3
and Normal vector of required plane = li$ + mj$ + nk$ where
p 1 p 1 p 1
l = cos , = ; m = cos , = ; n = cos , =
4 2 4 2 4 2
®
\ n (normal unit vector of plane)
1 $ 1 $ 1 $
i+ j+ k
= 2 2 2
2 2 2
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø
2æ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ö
= ç i+ j+ k÷
3è 2 2 2 ø
1 $ 1 $ 1 $
= i+ j+ k
3 3 3
Examination Papers – 2013 495
Hence, 40 tickets of executive class and 160 tickets of economy class should be sold to
maximise the net profit of the airlines.
Yes, more passengers would prefer to travel by such an airline, because some amount of
profit is invested for welfare fund.
29. Let E1, E2 and E be three events such that
E1 = six occurs
E2 = six does not occurs
E = man reports that six occurs in the throwing of the dice.
1 5
Now P (E1) = , P (E2) =
6 6
496 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æEö 4 æEö 4 1
Pç ÷ = , Pç ÷ = 1 - =
è E1 ø 5 è E2 ø 5 5
æE ö
We have to find P ç 1 ÷
èEø
æEö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
Pç 1 ÷ =
èEø æEö æEö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷ + P(E2 ). P ç ÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø
1 4
´
6 5 4 30 4
= = ´ =
1 4 5 1 30 4 + 5 9
´ + ´
6 5 6 5
Everybody trust a truthful person, so he receives respect from everyone.
SET–II
® ® ® ®
9. Given Q ( x - p).( x + p) = 48
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ x . x + x . p - p. x - p. p = 48
® ®
Þ | x|2 -1 = 48 Þ | x|2 = 49
®
Þ | x|= 7
7pö -1 æ p öö
10. tan -1 æç tan æ
÷ = tan ç tan ç p + ÷ ÷
è 6 ø è è 6 øø
p pé p p p ù
= tan -1 æç tan ö÷ = êQ Î æç - , ö÷ ú
è 6 ø 6ë 6 è 2 2 øû
19. Let u = ( sin x) x and v = (cos x) sin x
\ Given differential equation becomes
y=u+v
dy du dv
Þ = + ....(i)
dx dx dx
Now u = (sin x) x
Taking log on both sides, we have
log u = x log sin x
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
1 du 1
. =x . cos x + log sin x
u dx sin x
du
Þ = u ( x cot x + log sin x)
dx
du
Þ = (sin x) x {x cot x + log sin x} ....(ii)
dx
Again v = (cos x) sin x
Examination Papers – 2013 497
Þ a - b = ± 3k
Þ b - a = m 3k
Þ b - a is divisible by 3
Þ b, a Î R
So, R is symmetric
Transitivity
Let a, b, c Î A such that (a, b) Î R and (b, c) Î R.
Þ a - b is divisible by 3 and b - c is divisible by 3
Þ a - b = 3m and Þ b - c = 3n m, n Î N
Þ a - b = ± 3m and b - c = ± 3n
Þ ( a - b) + (b - c) = ±3(m + n)
Þ a - b + b - c = ±3 (m + n)
Þ a - c = ±3(m + n)
Þ a - c = 3(m + n)
Þ a - c is divisible by 3
Þ ( a, c) Î R.
So, R is transitive
Therefore, R is an equivalence relation.
22. Refer to Q. 20, Page 287.
28. Given curves are y 2 = 2x ....(i)
and x - y = 4 ....(ii)
Obviously, curve (i) is right handed parabola having vertex at (0, 0)
and axis along +ve direction of x-axis while curve (ii) is a straight line.
For intersection point of curve (i) and (ii)
( x - 4) 2 = 2x
Þ x 2 - 8x + 16 = 2x Þ x 2 - 10x + 16 = 0
2
Þ x - 8x - 2x + 16 = 0 Þ x( x - 8) - 2( x - 8) = 0
Þ ( x - 8)( x - 2) = 0 Þ x = 2, 8
Þ y = -2, 4
Intersection points are (2, –2), (8, 4) Y
SET–III
æ 1 ö
9. cot -1 çç ÷÷
2
è x -1ø
Let x = sec q Þ q = sec -1 x
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Now, cot -1 çç ÷÷ = cot -1 çç ÷÷
è x2 - 1 ø è sec 2 - 1 ø
1 ö
= cot -1 æç -1
÷ = cot ( cot q )
è tan q ø
= q = sec -1 x
® ® ® ®
10. Given: ( 2 x - 3 a ).( 2 x + 3 a ) = 91
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 4| x|2 + 6 a × x - 6 x. a - 9| a|2 = 91
®
Þ 4| x|2 - 9 = 91
® 100 ®
Þ | x|2 = Þ | x|= 5
4
2
2x + 3
19. Let I = ò 2 dx
x + 5x + 6
2
æ 10x + 9 ö 2 2
= ò ç2 - 2 ÷ dx [ x + 5x + 6 2x + 3 ]
è x + 5x + 6 ø 2
– 2x ± 10x ± 12
- 10x - 9
10x + 9
= 2ò dx - ò 2
dx
x + 5x + 6
10x + 9
= 2x – ò 2 dx é 10x + 9 A B ù
x + 3x + 2x + 6 = +
ê (x + 2 ) (x + 3 ) x + 2 x + 3 ú
10x + 9 ê ú
= 2x - ò dx
x( x + 3) + 2( x + 3) ê Þ 10x + 9 = A (x + 3) + B (x + 2)ú
ê Putting x = -3 we get B = 21 ú
10x + 9 ê ú
= 2x - ò dx
( x + 3) ( x + 2) ë Putting x = -2 we get A = -11 û
-11 21 ö
= 2x - ò æç + ÷ dx
è x + 2 x + 3ø
dx dx
= 2x + 11ò - 21ò
x+2 x+ 3
= 2x + 11 log x + 2 - 21 log x + 3 + C
20. Refer to Q 5, Page 101.
®
21. Given a = 3i$ + 2j$ + 2k$
®
b = i$ + 2j$ - 2k$
500 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
® ®
\ a + 2 b = ( 3i$ + 2j$ + 2k$) + ( 2i$ + 4j$ - 4k$)
= 5i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
® ®
2 a + b = ( 6i$ + 4j$ + 4k$) + (i$ + 2j$ - 2k$)
= 7i$ + 6j$ + 2k$
® ® ® ®
Now, perpendicular vector of ( a + 2 b ) and ( 2 a + b )
i$ j$ k$
= 5 6 -2
7 6 2
¡ General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three Sections A, B and C. Section A
comprises of 10 questions of one mark each; Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each;
and Section C comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as per the exact
requirement of the question.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 4 questions of four marks
each and 2 questions of six marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such
questions.
5. Use of calculator is not permitted. You may ask for logarithmic tables, if required.
SET–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
ab
1. Let * be a binary operation, on the set of all non-zero real numbers, given by a * b = for all a,
5
b Î R - {0}. Find the value of x, given that 2 * ( x * 5) = 10.
1
2. If sin æç sin -1 + cos -1 xö÷ = 1, then find the value of x.
è 5 ø
é 3 4ù é1 yù é 7 0ù
3. If 2 ê ú+ê ú=ê ú , find (x – y).
ë 5 xû ë 0 1 û ë10 5 û
é 1 0ù
4. Solve the following matrix equation for x : [x 1] ê ú = O.
ë -2 0 û
2x 5 6 -2
5. If = , write the value of x.
8 x 7 3
æ 1 ö
6. Write the antiderivative of ç 3 x + ÷.
è xø
502 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
3
dx
7. Evaluate: ò .
0 9 + x2
8. Find the projection of the vector i$ + 3j$ + 7 k$ on the vector 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$.
® ® ® ®
9. If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + b is also a unit vector, then find the angle
® ®
between a and b .
10. Write the vector equation of the plane, passing through the point (a, b, c) and parallel to the
®
plane r . (i$ + j$ + k$) = 2.
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Let A = {1, 2, 3, …, 9} and R be the relation in A × A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b + c for
(a, b), (c, d) in A × A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Also obtain the equivalence class
[(2, 5)].
æ 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ö x æ pö
12. Prove that cot -1 ç ÷ = ; x Î çè 0, ÷.
è 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x ø 2 4ø
OR
1 æ5 2 ö -1 æ 1 ö p
Prove that 2 tan -1 æç ö÷ + sec -1 ç ÷ + 2 tan çè ÷ø = .
è5 ø è 7 ø 8 4
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that
2y y-z- x 2y
2z 2z z - x - y = ( x + y + z) 3 .
x- y-z 2x 2x
æ 1 - x2 ö
14. Differentiate tan -1 ç ÷ with respect to cos -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 ), when x ¹ 0.
ç x ÷
è ø
2
d2y 1 æ dy ö y
15. If y = x x , prove that - ç ÷ - = 0.
dx 2 è
y dx ø x
16. Find the intervals in which the function f ( x) = 3x 4 - 4x 3 - 12x 2 + 5 is
(a) strictly increasing
(b) strictly decreasing
OR
Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve x = a sin 3 q and y = a cos 3 q at
p
q= .
4
sin 6 x + cos 6 x
17. Evaluate: ò sin 2 x . cos 2 x
dx
OR
Evaluate: ò ( x - 3) x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
Examination Papers – 2014 503
y
18. Find the particular solution of the differential equation e x 1 - y 2 dx + dy = 0, given that
x
y = 1 when x = 0.
19. Solve the following differential equation:
dy 2
( x 2 - 1) + 2xy =
dx 2
x -1
® ® ®
20. Prove that, for any three vectors a , b , c
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
[ a + b , b + c , c + a ] = 2[ a , b , c ]
OR
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Vectors a , b and c are such that a + b + c = 0 and| a| = 3,| b|= 5 and| c|= 7. Find the angle
® ®
between a and b .
x+1 y+ 3 z+5 x-2 y-4 z-6
21. Show that the lines = = and = = intersect. Also find their
3 5 7 1 3 5
point of intersection.
22. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two
children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that
(i) the youngest is a girl?
(ii) atleast one is a girl?
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Discipline,
Politeness and Punctuality. The school P wants to award ` x each, ` y each and ` z each for
the three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students with a total award money of ` 1,000.
School Q wants to spend ` 1,500 to award its 4, 1, and 3 students on the respective values (by
giving the same award money for the three values as before). If the total amount of awards
for one prize on each value is ` 600, using matrices find the award money for each value.
Apart from the above three values, suggest one more value for awards.
24. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of the maximum volume and of given slant
1
height is cos -1 .
3
p/ 3
dx
25. Evaluate: ò 1 + cot x
p/ 6
26. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x and the
circle x 2 + y 2 = 32.
27. Find the distance between the point (7, 2, 4) and the plane determine by the points A(2, 5, –3),
B(–2, –3, 5) and C (5, 3, - 3).
OR
Find the distance of the point ( -1, - 5, - 10) from the point of intersection of the line
® ®
r = 2i$ - j$ + 2k$ + l( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$) and the plane r .(i$ - j$ + k$) = 5.
504 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
28. A dealer in rural area wishes to purchase a number of sewing machines. He has only ` 5,760
to invest and has space for at most 20 items for storage. An electronic sewing machine cost
him ` 360 and a manually operated sewing machine ` 240. He can sell an electronic sewing
machine at a profit of ` 22 and a manually operated sewing machine at a profit of ` 18.
Assuming that he can sell all the items that he can buy, how should he invest his money in
order to maximise his profit? Make it as a LPP and solve it graphically.
29. A card from a pack of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack three
cards are drawn at random (without replacement) and are found to be all spades. Find the
probability of the lost card being a spade.
OR
From a lot of 15 bulbs which include 5 defectives, a sample of 4 bulbs is drawn one by one
with replacement. Find the probability distribution of number of defective bulbs. Hence find
the mean of the distribution.
SET–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
9. Evaluate: ò cos -1 (sin x) dx.
® ® ® ® 2 ® ®
10. If vectors a and b are such that, | a|= 3,| b|= and a ´ b is a unit vector, then write the
3
® ®
angle between a and b .
19. Prove the following using properties of determinants:
a + b + 2c a b
c b + c + 2a b = 2( a + b + c) 3
c a c + a + 2b
x
20. Differentiate tan -1 with respect to sin -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 ).
2
1-x
21. Solve the following differential equation:
dy
cosec x log y + x 2 y 2 = 0.
dx
5- x y-7 z+ 3 x - 8 2y - 8 z - 5
22. Show that the lines = = and = = are coplanar.
-4 4 -5 7 2 3
p
x tan x
28. Evaluate: ò dx.
sec x. cosecx
0
29. Prove that the semi-vertical angle of the right circular cone of given volume and least curved
surface area is cot -1 2 .
SET–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
p/ 2
x
9. Evaluate: òe (sin x - cos x) dx.
0
Examination Papers – 2014 505
®
10. Write a unit vector in the direction of the sum of the vectors a = 2i$ + 2j$ - 5k$ and
®
b = 2i$ + j$ - 7 k$.
19. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
x2 + 1 xy xz
2
xy y +1 yz = 1 + x2 + y2 + z2 .
xz yz z2 + 1
æ 1 + x2 - 1ö
20. Differentiate tan -1 ç ÷ with respect to sin -1 æç 2x ö÷ , when x ¹ 0.
ç x ÷ è1 + x 2 ø
è ø
dy x( 2 log x + 1)
21. Find the particular solution of the differential equation = given that
dx sin y + y cos y
p
y= when x = 1.
2
® ®
22. Show that lines r = (i$ + j$ - k$) + l( 3i$ - j$) and r = ( 4i$ - k$) + m( 2i$ + 3k$) intersect. Also find
their point of intersection.
p/ 2
x sin x cos x
28. Evaluate: ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx.
0
29. Of all the closed right circular cylindrical cans of volume 128 p cm3, find the dimensions of
the can which has minimum surface area.
506 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Solutions
SET–I
SECTION–A
1. Given 2 * ( x * 5) = 10
x´5
Þ 2* = 10 Þ 2 * x = 10
5
2´x 10 ´ 5
Þ = 10 Þ x= Þ x = 25.
5 2
1
2. Given sin(sin -1 + cos -1 x) = 1
5
-1 1 1 p
Þ sin + cos -1 x = sin -1 1 Þ sin -1 + cos -1 x =
5 5 2
1 p -1 1 1
Þ sin -1 = - cos -1 x Þ sin -1
= sin x Þ x= .
5 2 5 5
é 3 4ù é1 yù é 7 0ù
3. Given 2 ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë 5 xû ë 0 1 û ë10 5 û
é 6 8 ù é1 yù é 7 0ù é 7 8 + y ù é 7 0ù
Þ ê10 2xú + ê 0 1 ú = ê10 5 ú Þ ê10 2x + 1ú = ê10 5 ú
ë û ë û ë û ë û ë û
Equating we get 8 + y = 0 and 2x + 1 = 5
Þ y = -8 and x = 2 Þ x - y = 2 + 8 = 10
é 1 0ù
4. Given [x 1] ê ú=0
ë -2 0 û
Þ [x - 2 0] = [0 0]
Þ x-2=0 Þ x=2
2x 5 6 -2
5. Given =
8 x 7 3
Þ 2x 2 - 40 = 18 - ( -14) Þ 2x 2 - 40 = 32
Þ 2x 2 = 72 Þ x 2 = 36 Þ x=±6
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
6. Antiderivative of ç 3 x + ÷ = ò ç3 x + ÷ dx
è x ø è xø
1
= 3ò xdx + ò dx = 3ò x 1/ 2 dx + ò x -1/ 2 dx
x
x 1/ 2 + 1 x -1/ 2 + 1
= 3. + +c
1 1
+1 - +1
2 2
2 3/ 2
= 3´ x + 2x 1/ 2 + c
3
= 2x 3 / 2 + 2 x + c
Examination Papers – 2014 507
3
dx
7. Let I = ò 9 + x2
0
3
dx 1é x 3
= ò 32 + x2 = tan -1 ù
3 ëê 3 úû 0
0
1 1 p p
= [tan -1 (1) - tan -1 ( 0)] = é - 0ù =
3 3 êë 4 úû 12
®
8. Let a = i$ + 3j$ + 7 k$
®
b = 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$
® ®
® ® a. b
Now projection of a on b =
®
| b|
(i$ + 3j$ + 7 k$).( 2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$)
=
|2i$ - 3j$ + 6k$|
2 - 9 + 42 35 35
= = = = 5.
2 2 + ( -3) 2 + 6 2 49 7
® ® ® ® ® ®
9. | a + b|2 = ( a + b ).( a + b )
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 1 2 =| a|2 +2 a . b +| b|2 [Q| a + b|= 1]
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 1 = 1 + 2 a. b + 1 [Q a and b are unit vector, hence| a|= 1 and| b|= 1]
® ® ® ® 1
Þ 1 = 2 a. b + 2 Þ a. b = -
2
® ® 1 ® ®
Þ | a|.| b|cos q = - , where q is angle between a and b
2
1 ® ®
Þ 1.1 cos q = - [Q| a | =| b| = 1]
2
1
Þ cos q = -
2
p p
Þ cos q = - cos Þ cos q = cosæç p - ö÷
3 è 3ø
2p 2p
Þ cos q = cos Þ q= .
3 3
®
10. Since, the required plane is parallel to plane r .(i$ + j$ + k$) = 2
\ Normal of required plane is normal of given plane.
Þ Normal of required plane = i$ + j$ + k$.
\ Required vector equation of plane
®
{ r - ( ai$ + bj$ + ck$)}.(i$ + j$ + k$) = 0
508 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
11. Given, R is a relation in A × A defined by
( a, b) R( c , d) Û a + d = b + c
(i) Reflexivity: "a , b Î A
Q a + b = b + a Þ ( a, b) R( a, b)
So, R in reflexive.
(ii) Symmetry: Let (a, b) R (c, d)
Q ( a, b) R( c , d) Þ a + d = b + c
Þ b + c = d + a [Q a, b, c, d Î N and N is commutative under addition]
Þ c +b = d+ a
Þ ( c , d) R( a, b)
So, R is symmetric.
(iii) Transitivity: Let ( a, b) R( c , d) and ( c , d) R( e , f )
Now, ( a, b) R( c , d) and ( c , d) R( e , f ) Þ a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e
Þ a+ d+ c + f =b + c + d+ e
Þ a+ f =b + e
Þ ( a, b) R( e , f ).
R is transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
2nd Part: Equivalence class: [( 2, 5)] = {( a, b) Î A ´ A : ( a, b) R( 2, 5)}
= {( a, b) Î A ´ A : a + 5 = b + 2}
= {( a, b) Î A ´ A : b - a = 3}
= {(1, 4), ( 2, 5), ( 3, 6), ( 4, 7), (5, 8), ( 6, 9)}
æ 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ö p
12. LHS = cot -1 çç ÷÷, x Î æç 0, ö÷ Given
è 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x ø è 4ø
é p ù
æ (cos x / 2 + sin x / 2) 2 + (cos x / 2 - sin x / 2) 2 ö ê 0<x< ú
4
= cot -1 ç ÷ ê x p ú
ç 2 2 ÷ êÞ 0 < < ú
è (cos x / 2 + sin x / 2) - (cos x / 2 - sin x / 2) ø ê 2 8 ú
æ cos x / 2 + sin x / 2 + cos x / 2 - sin x / 2 ö ê Þ x Î æç 0, p ö÷ Ì ( 0, p) ú
= cot -1 ç ÷ êë 2 è 8ø úû
è cos x / 2 + sin x / 2 - cos x / 2 + sin x / 2 ø
æ cos x / 2 ö x
= cot -1 ç -1
÷ = cot (cot x / 2) = = R.H.S.
è sin x / 2 ø 2
OR
1 æ5 2 ö -1 æ 1 ö
L.H.S. = 2 tan -1 æç ö÷ + sec -1 ç ÷ + 2 tan çè ÷ø
è5 ø è 7 ø 8
ì 1 1 ü æ5 2 ö
= 2í tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ý + sec -1 ç ÷
î è 5 ø è 8 øþ è 7 ø
Examination Papers – 2014 509
ì 1+1 ü 2
-1 ï ï æ5 2 ö
= 2 tan í 5 8 ý + tan -1 ç ÷ -1 [Q sec -1 x = tan -1 x 2 - 1 ]
1 1 è 7 ø
ï1 - . ï
î 5 8þ
13
50 13 40 1
= 2 tan -1 40 + tan -1 - 1 = 2 tan -1 ´ + tan -1
39 49 40 39 49
40
æ ö
ç 2´ 1 ÷
1 1
= 2 tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = tan -1 ç 3 ÷ + tan -1 æç 1 ö÷ éQ 2 tan -1 x = tan -1 2x ù
è 3ø è7 ø ç 1 2÷ è 7 ø êë ú
1 - x2 û
ç 1 - æç ö÷ ÷
è è 3ø ø
æ2ö
ç ÷ 1 2 9 1 3 1
= tan -1 ç 3 ÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = tan -1 æç ´ ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷
è ø è ø è ø è ø è 7ø
ç8÷ 7 3 8 7 4
è9ø
æ 3+1 ö
ç ÷ 25 28 p
= tan -1 ç 4 7 ÷ = tan -1 æç ´ ö÷ = tan -1 (1) = = R.H.S.
3 1 è 28 25 ø 4
ç1 - ´ ÷
è 4 7ø
2y y-z- x 2y
13. L.H.S. D= 2z 2z z-x-y
x- y-z 2x 2x
Applying R 2 « R 3 then R 1 « R 2 , we have
x- y-z 2x 2x
D= 2y y-z- x 2y
2z 2z z-x-y
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we have
x+ y+z y+z+x z+ x+ y
D= 2y y-z-x 2y
2z 2z z-x-y
Taking out ( x + y + z) from first row, we have
1 1 1
D = ( x + y + z) 2y y - z - x 2y
2z 2z z-x- y
Applying C 1 ® C 1 - C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 , we have
0 0 1
D = ( x + y + z) y + z + x - ( y + z + x) 2y
0 z+ x+y z-x-y
Expanding along first row, we have
D = ( x + y + z) ( x + y + z) 2 = ( a + b + c) 3 = R.H.S.
510 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ 1 - x2 ö
14. Let u = tan -1 ç ÷ and v = cos -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 )
ç x ÷
è ø
du
We have to determine
dv
Let x = sin q Þ q = sin -1 x
æ 1 - sin 2 q ö
Now, u = tan -1 ç ÷
ç sin q ÷
è ø
cos q ö
Þ u = tan -1 æç ÷ Þ u = tan -1 (cot q)
è sin q ø
é p ù p
Þ u = tan -1 ê tan æç - q ö÷ ú Þ u= –q
ë è 2 ø û 2
p du 1
Þ u = – sin -1 x Þ =0–
2 dx 1 - x2
du 1
Þ =–
dx 1 - x2
Again, v = cos -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 ) 1 1 p p
Q- < x< Þ sin æç - ö÷ < sin q < sin æç ö÷
Q x = sin q 2 2 è 4 ø è 4ø
p p
\ v = cos -1 ( 2 sin q 1 - sin 2 q) Þ - <q <
4 4
Þ v = cos -1 ( 2 sin q. cos q) p p
Þ - < 2q <
Þ v = cos -1 (sin 2q) 2 2
p p
æ p ö Þ > – 2q > –
Þ v = cos -1 ç cosæç - 2q ö÷ ÷ 2 2
è è2 øø
æ p ö
p Þ p > ç – 2q ÷ > 0
Þ v= - 2q è2 ø
2
p
p Þ æç – 2q ö÷ Î( 0, p) Ì [0, p]
Þ v = - 2 sin -1 x è2 ø
2
dv 2 dv 2
Þ =0- Þ =-
dx 1 - x2 dx 1 - x2
du – 1
\
du dx
= = 1 - x2 = 1 .
dv dv – 2 2
dx 1-x 2
1 1
[Note: Here the range of x is taken as - <x< ]
2 2
15. Given y = x x
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log y = x. log x
Examination Papers – 2014 511
dx dy
Þ = 3a sin 2 q. cos q and = -3a cos 2 q sin q
dq dq
512 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy
dy dq -3a cos 2 q. sin q
Þ = = = - cot q
dx dx 3a sin 2 q. cos q
dq
dy
Þ = - cot q
dx
p é dy ù p
Þ Slope of tangent to the given curve at q = =ê ú = - cot = -1.
4 ë dx û q = p 4
4
p p p
Since for q = , x = a sin 3 and y = a cos 3
4 4 4
3 3
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö a a
Þ x = aç ÷ and y = aç ÷ Þ x= and y =
è 2ø è 2ø 2 2 2 2
æ a a ö
i.e., co-ordinates of the point of contact = ç , ÷
è2 2 2 2ø
\ Equation of tangent is
æ a ö æ a ö a a
çy - ÷ = ( -1). ç x - ÷ Þ y- = -x +
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø 2 2 2 2
a
Þ x+y=
2
p 1 1
Also slope of normal (at q = ) = - =- =1
4 slope of tangent -1
\ Equation of normal is
æ a ö æ a ö
çy - ÷ = (1). ç x - ÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
a a
Þ y- =x- Þ y-x=0
2 2 2 2
sin 6 x + cos 6 x
17. Let I=ò dx
sin 2 x. cos 2 x
(sin 2 x) 3 + (cos 2 x) 3
Þ I=ò dx
sin 2 x. cos 2 x
(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)(sin 4 x - sin 2 x. cos 2 x + cos 4 x)
Þ I=ò dx
sin 2 x. cos 2 x
sin 4 x - sin 2 x. cos 2 x + cos 4 x
Þ I=ò dx = ò tan 2 x dx - ò dx + ò cot 2 xdx
sin 2 x. cos 2 x
Þ I = ò (sec 2 x - 1) dx - x + ò ( cosec 2 x - 1) dx
OR
2
Let I = ò ( x - 3) x + 3x - 18 dx … (i)
d 2
Let x - 3 = A ( x + 3x - 18) + B Þ x - 3 = A( 2x + 3) + B … (ii)
dx
Þ x - 3 = 2Ax + ( 3A + B)
Equating the co-efficient, we get
1 1
2A = 1 and 3A + B = -3 Þ A= and 3 ´ + B = -3
2 2
1 3 9
Þ A= and B = -3 - = -
2 2 2
æ 1 9ö 2
\ I = ò ç ( 2x + 3) - ÷ ò x + 3x - 18 dx [From (i) and (ii)]
è2 2ø
1 9
I = ò ( 2x + 3) x 2 + 3x - 18 dx - ò x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
2 2
1 9
Þ I = I1 - I2 … (iii) where I 1 = ò ( 2x + 3) x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
2 2
and I 2 = ò x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
Now I 1 = ò ( 2x + 3) x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
Let x 2 + 3x - 18 = z
Þ ( 2x + 3) = dz
1
+1 3
z2 2
\ I1 = ò z dz = + c 1 = (z) 2 + c 1
1 3
+1
2
3
2 2
Þ I1 = ( x + 3x - 18) 2 + c 1 … (iv)
3
Again I 2 = ò x 2 + 3x - 18 dx
3 æ 3ö 2 9 3 2 9 2
= ò x 2 + 2. x. + ç ÷ - - 18 dx= ò æç x + ö÷ - æç ö÷
2 è2ø 4 è 2ø è 2ø
1æ 3 81 3
I2 = ç x + ö÷ x 2 + 3x - 18 - log æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 3x - 18
2 è 2 ø 4´2 è 2ø
1æ 3 81 3
Þ I2 = ç x + ö÷ x 2 + 3x - 18 - log æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 3x - 18 + c 2 … (v)
2 è 2 ø 8 è 2ø
Putting the value of I 1 and I 2 in (iii), we get
3
1 2 9 3 729 3
I= ( x + 3x - 18) 2 - æç x + ö÷ x 2 + 3x - 18 + log æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 3x - 18 + c
3 4è 2ø 16 è 2ø
é c1 9 ù
ê where c = 2 - 2 c 2 ú
ë û
514 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
18. We have,
y
e x 1 - y 2 dx + dy = 0
x
y y
Þ ex 1 - y 2 dx = - dy Þ xe x dx = - dy
x 1 - y2
x y
Þ ò xI IIe dx = - ò dy
1 - y2
1 dt
xe x - ò e x dx = , where t = 1 - y 2
2ò t
Þ (Using I LATE on LHS)
1 æ t 1/ 2 ö
Þ xe x - e x = ç ÷ +C Þ xe x - e x = t + C
2 è1 / 2 ø
dy
This is a linear differential equation of the form + Py = Q ,
dx
2x 2
where P= and Q =
2
x -1 ( x - 1) 2
2
Pdx 2 x /( x 2 - 1) 2 - 1)
\ I . F. = e ò = eò dx = e log( x = ( x 2 - 1)
2
y( x 2 - 1) = ò 2 ´ ( x 2 - 1) dx + C [Using: y( I . F.) = ò Q.( I . F.) dx + C]
2
( x - 1)
2
\ y( x 2 - 1) = ò dx + C
2
x -1
1 x-1 x-1
Þ y( x 2 - 1) = 2 ´ log +C Þ y( x 2 - 1) = log +C
2 x+1 x+1
This is the required solution.
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
20. L.H.S. = [ a + b , b + c , c + a ] = ( a + b ).{( b + c ) ´ ( c + a )}
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= ( a + b ).{ b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ c + c ´ a }
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= ( a + b ).{ b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ a } [Q c ´ c = 0 ]
Examination Papers – 2014 515
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= a .( b ´ c ) + a .( b ´ a ) + a .( c ´ a ) + b .( b ´ c ) + b .( b ´ a ) + b .( c ´ a )
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= [ a , b , c ] + [ a , b , a ] + [ a , c , a ] + [b , b , c ] + [b , b , a ] + [b , c , a ]
® ® ® ® ® ®
= [ a , b , c ] + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + [b , c , a ] [By property of scalar triple product]
® ® ® ® ® ®
= [ a , b , c ] + [b , c , a ]
® ® ® ® ® ®
=[a, b , c]+[a, b , c] [By property of circularly rotation]
® ® ®
= 2[ a , b , c ]
OR
® ® ® ® ® ®
a + b + c =0 Þ ( a + b ) 2 = ( - c) 2
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ) .( a + b ) = c. c
® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ | a |2 +| b |2 + 2 a . b =| c |2 Þ 9 + 25 + 2 a . b = 49
® ®
Þ 2 a . b = 49 - 25 - 9
® ®
Þ 2| a || b |cos q = 15 Þ 30 cos q = 15
1
Þ cos q = = cos 60° Þ q = 60°
2
21. Given lines are
x+1 y+ 3 z+5
= = …(i)
3 5 7
x-2 y-4 z-6
= = …(ii)
1 3 5
Let two lines (i) and (ii) intersect at a point P(a , b , g ).
Þ (a , b , g ) satisfy line (i)
a +1 b + 3 g +5
Þ = = =l (say)
3 5 7
Þ a = 3l - 1, b = 5l - 3, g = 7l - 5 …(iii)
Again (a , b , g ) also lie on (ii)
a-2 b-4 g-6
\ = =
1 3 5
3l - 1 - 2 5l - 3 - 4 7 l - 5 - 6
Þ = =
1 3 5
3l - 3 5l - 7 7 l - 11
Þ = =
1 3 5
I II III
516 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Now for A -1
3 2 1
|A|= 4 1 3 = 3(1 - 3) - 2( 4 - 3) + 1( 4 - 1)
1 1 1
= -6 - 2 + 3 = -8 + 3 = -5 ¹ 0
Hence, A -1 exists.
1 3 4 3
Also, A11 = = 1 - 3 = -2 A12 = - = -( 4 - 3) = -1
1 1 1 1
4 1 2 1
A13 = = 4-1= 3 A21 = - = -( 2 - 1) = -1
1 1 1 1
3 1 3 2
A22 = = 3-1= 2 A23 =- = -( 3 - 2) = -1
1 1 1 1
2 1 3 1
A 31 = = 6-1=5 A 32 =- = -( 9 - 4) = -5
1 3 4 3
3 2
A 33 = = 3 - 8 = -5
4 1
T
é -2 -1 3 ù é -2 -1 5 ù
\ Adj A = -1 2 -1 = ê -1 2 -5ú
ê ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 5 -5 -5úû êë 3 -1 -5úû
é -2 -1 5 ù
adj( A) 1 ê
\ A -1 = = -1 2 -5 ú
|A| -5 ê ú
êë 3 -1 -5úû
Putting the value of X , A -1 , B in (i), we get
é xù é -2 -1 5 ù é1000ù é -2000 - 1500 + 3000 ù é -500 ù
ê yú = - 1 ê -1 2 -5ú. ê1500ú = - 1 ê -1000 + 3000 - 3000ú = - 1 ê -1000ú
ê ú 5ê úê ú 5ê ú 5ê ú
êë z úû êë 3 -1 -5úû êë 600 úû êë 3000 - 1500 - 3000 úû êë -1500úû
é xù é 100 ù
Þ ê yú = ê 200 ú Þ x = ` 100, y = ` 200, z = ` 300
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 300úû
i.e., ` 100 for discipline
` 200 for politeness and
` 300 for punctuality
One more value like sincerity or truthfulness can be awarded.
24. Let ABC be cone having slant height l and semi-vertical angle q.
If V be the volume of cone then.
1 p
V = . p ´ DC 2 ´ AD = ´ l 2 sin 2 q ´ l cos q
3 3
pl 3
Þ V= sin 2 q cos q
3
518 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dV pl 3
Þ = [- sin 3 q + 2 sin q. cos 2 q]
dq 3
For maximum value of V.
dV A
=0
dq
q
pl 3
Þ [- sin 3 q + 2 sin q. cos 2 q] = 0
3 l
3 2
Þ - sin q + 2 sin q. cos q = 0
Þ - sin q(sin 2 q - 2 cos 2 q) = 0
Þ sin q = 0 or 1 - cos 2 q - 2 cos 2 q = 0 B C
D
Þ q=0 or 1 - 3 cos 2 q = 0
1
Þ q=0 or cos q =
3
d 2V pl 3
Now = {-3 sin 2 q. cos q - 4 sin 2 q. cos q + 2 cos 3 q}
dq 2 3
d 2V pl 3
Þ = {-7 sin 2 q cos q + 2 cos 3 q}
dq 2 3
d 2V ù
Þ ú = +ve
dq 2 úû q = 0
2
d 2V ù 1 æ 1 ö 2
and ú = –ve [Putting cos q = and sin q = 1 - ç ÷ = ]
dq 2 úû cos q = 1 3 è 3ø 3
3
1 æ 1 ö
Hence for cos q = or q = cos -1 ç ÷ , V is maximum.
3 è 3ø
p p
3 3
dx dx
25. Let I = ò1 + cot x
= ò
p p 1 + cos x
6 6 sin x
p
3
sin x
I= ò sin x + cos x
dx … (i)
p
6
p p
3 sin æç - xö÷ é b b ù
è2 ø
= ò dx êQ ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a + b - x) dxú
x x êë a úû
p
sin æç - xö÷ + cosæç - xö÷ a
6 è2 ø è2 ø
p
3
cos x
I= ò sin x + cos x
dx … (ii)
p
6
Examination Papers – 2014 519
and x 2 + y 2 = 32
y = 4)
...(ii)
x
,
(4
B
Solving (i) and (ii), we find that the line and the circle meet
at B ( 4, 4) in the first quadrant. Draw perpendicular BM to 0)
2,
4
the x-axis. A(
X¢ X
O M
Therefore, the required area = area of the region OBMO +
area of the region BMAB.
Now, the area of the region OBMO
4 4 1 4
= ò y dx = ò x dx = [x 2 ] 0 = 8 ...(iii)
0 0 2 Y¢
OR
Given line and plane are
®
r = ( 2i$ - j$ + 2k$) + l ( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$) …(i)
®
r . (i$ - j$ + k$) = 5 …(ii)
®
For intersection point, we solve equations (i) and (ii) by putting the value of r from (i) in (ii).
[( 2i$ - j$ + 2k$) + l ( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$)] .(i$ - j$ + k$) = 5
Þ ( 2 + 1 + 2) + l ( 3 - 4 + 2) = 5 Þ 5 + l = 5 Þ l = 0
Hence, position vector of intersecting point is 2i$ - j$ + 2k$.
i.e., coordinates of intersection of line and plane is (2, –1, 2).
Hence, Required distance = ( 2 + 1) 2 + ( -1 + 5) 2 + ( 2 + 10) 2 = 9 + 16 + 144 = 169 = 13 units
28. Suppose dealer purchase x electronic sewing machines and y manually operated sewing
machines. If Z denotes the total profit. Then according to question
(Objective function) Z = 22x + 18 y
Also, x + y £ 20
360x + 240y £ 5760 Þ 9x + 6y £ 144
x ³ 0, y ³ 0.
Examination Papers – 2014 521
OR
Let the number of defective bulbs be represented by a random variable X. X may have value
0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
If p is the probability of getting defective bulb in a single draw then
5 1
p= =
15 3
1 2
\ q = Probability of getting non defective bulb = 1 - = .
3 3
Since each trial in this problem is Bernaulli trials, therefore we can apply binomial
distribution as
P(X = r) = nCr . pr . qn-r when n = 4
1 0 2 4 16
P(X = 0) = 4 C 0 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷ =
è 3ø è 3ø 81
1 1 2 3 1 8 32
Now P(X = 1) = 4 C 1 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷ = 4 ´ ´ =
è 3ø è 3ø 3 27 81
1 2 2 2 1 4 24
P(X = 2) = 4 C 2 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ = 6 ´ ´ =
è 3ø è 3ø 9 9 81
1 3 2 1 1 2 8
P(X = 3) = 4 C 3 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷ = 4 ´ ´ =
è 3ø è 3ø 27 3 81
1 4 2 0 1
P(X = 4) = 4 C 4 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ =
è 3ø è 3ø 81
Now probability distribution table is
X 0 1 2 3 4
16 32 24 8 1
P(X)
81 81 81 81 81
SET–II
9. Let I = ò cos -1 (sin x) dx
æ p ö p
= ò cos -1 ç cosæç - xö÷ ÷ dx = ò æç - xö÷ dx
è è2 øø è2 ø
p
2ò
\ I= dx - ò xdx
p x2
= x- +c
2 2
Examination Papers – 2014 523
® ® ® ®
10. a ´ b =| a|| b|sin qn$
® ® ® ®
Þ | a ´ b|=|| a|.| b|sin qn$|
2
Þ 1= 3´ sin q n$ Þ 1 = 2 sin q|$|
n
3
Þ 1 = 2 sin q [Q|$|
n = 1]
1
Þ sin q = Þ q = 30°.
2
a + b + 2c a b
19. L.H.S. D= c b + c + 2a b
c a c + a + 2b
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 ; R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 , we get
a + b + c -( a + b + c) 0
D= 0 a+b + c -( a + b + c)
c a c + a + 2b
Taking ( a + b + c) common along R 1 and R 2 , we get
1 -1 0
D = ( a + b + c) 2 0 1 -1
c a c + a + 2b
1 0 0
2
= ( a + b + c) 0 1 -1 [Applying C 2 ® C 2 + C 1 ]
c a + c c + a + 2b
Again applying C 3 ® C 3 + C 2 , we get
1 0 0
D = ( a + b + c) 2 0 1 0
c a + c 2( c + a + b)
= ( a + b + c) 2 × 2( a + b + c) (Qdeterminant of triangular matrix is product of
its diagonal elements)
3
= 2( a + b + c)
D = R.H.S.
æ x ö
20. Let u = tan -1 ç ÷ and v = sin -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 )
ç ÷
è 1 - x2 ø
du
We have to determine
dv
Let x = sin q Þ q = sin -1 x
æ sin q ö
Now, u = tan -1 ç ÷
ç ÷
è 1 - sin 2 q ø
524 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
sin q ö
Þ u = tan -1 æç ÷ Þ u=q
è cos q ø
Þ u = sin -1 x
du 1
Þ =
dx 1 - x2 1 1
Q - < x<
2 2
Again, v = sin -1 ( 2x 1 - x 2 pö p
Þ sin ç - ÷ < sin q < sin æç ö÷
æ
Þ v = sin -1 ( 2 sin q 1 - sin 2 q è 4ø è4ø
p p
Þ v = sin -1 ( 2 sin q cos q) Þ - <q <
4 4
Þ v = sin -1 (sin 2q) Þ v = 2q p p
Þ - < 2q <
dv 2 2 2
Þ v = 2 sin -1 x Þ =
dx æ p pö
1 - x2 Þ 2q Î ç – , ÷
è 2 2ø
du 1
\
du dx
= = 1 - x2 = 1
dv dv 2 2
dx 1 - x2
1 1
[Note: Here the range of x is taken as - <x< ]
2 2
dy
21. cosec x log y + x2y2 = 0
dx
dy
cosec x. log y = -x 2 y 2
dx
log y. dy x 2 dx
Þ =-
y2 cosecx
-2
Þ òy . log y dy = - ò x 2 sin x dx
y -2 + 1 1 y -2 + 1
Þ log y. -ò . dy = - [x 2 ( - cos x) - ò 2x( - cos x) dx]
-2 + 1 y -2 + 1
1
Þ - log y + ò y -2 dy = x 2 cos x - 2ò x cos x dx
y
1 y -2 + 1
Þ =- log y + = x 2 cos x - 2 [x sin x - ò sin x dx]
y -2 + 1
1 1
Þ =- log y - = x 2 cos x - 2x sin x + 2( - cos x) + c
y y
1
Þ = - (log y + 1) = x 2 cos x - 2x sin x - 2 cos x + c.
y
Examination Papers – 2014 525
9V 2
Þ S2 = + p 2r 4 A
r2
q
d( S 2 ) 18V 2
Þ =- + 4p 2 r 3
dr r3
For extremum value of S or S 2 . h
2
d( S )
=0
dr
r
18V 2 2 3 18V 2 2 3
Þ - + 4p r =0 Þ = 4p r
r3 r3
18V 2 9V 2 3V
Þ r6 = = Þ r3 =
2 2 2p
4p 2p
2 2
d (S ) 54V 2
Again = + 12p 2 r 2
2 4
dr r
é d (S 2 2
)ù
Þ ê ú >0
2
êë dr úû r 3 = 3V
2p
3V
i.e., For r 3 = , S 2 or S is minimum.
2p
Hence for minimum curve surface area
3 æ1 2 ö
r3 = ç pr h ÷
2p è 3 ø
r2h r 1
Þ r3 = Þ =
2 h 2
1
Þ tan q = Þ cot q = 2
2
Þ q = cot -1 ( 2 ).
SET–III
p
2
9. Let I = ò e x (sin x - cos x) dx
0
p p
2 2
I = ò - e x (cos x - sin x) dx = - ò e x (cos x + ( - sin x)) dx
0 0
p
= x
-[e cos x] 02 [Q ò e x
]
( f ( x) + f ¢( x)) dx = e x . f ( x) + c
Examination Papers – 2014 527
p
p
= -[e 2 . cos - e 0 . cos 0]
2
= -[0 - 1] = 1.
® ®
10. a + b = ( 2i$ + 2j$ - 5k$) + ( 2i$ + j$ - 7 k$) = 4i$ + 3j$ - 12k$
4 $ 3 $ 12 $
= i+ j- k.
13 13 13
x2 + 1 xy xz
2
19. L.H.S. D= xy y +1 yz
2
zx zy z +1
Applying C 1 ® C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we have
1 + x ( x + y + z) xy xz
2
D = 1 + y ( x + y + z) y + 1 yz
2
1 + z ( x + y + z) zy z +1
1 xy xz x xy xz
2 2
D = 1 y +1 yz + ( x + y + z) y y + 1 yz
1 zy z2 + 1 z zy z2 + 1
+ x ( x + y + z) [{1 ( y 2 + 1) (z 2 + 1) - y 2 z 2 } - y ( yz 2 + y - z 2 y) + z ( y 2 z - y 2 z - z)]
On solving, we have
D = 1 + x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R.H.S.
528 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ 1 + x2 - 1ö
20. Let u = tan -1 ç ÷ and v = sin -1 æç 2x ö÷
ç x ÷ è1 + x 2 ø
è ø
æ 1 + x2 - 1ö
Now u = tan -1 ç ÷
ç x ÷
è ø
æ 2x ö
Again v = sin -1 ç ÷
è1 + x 2 ø
3l - 3 - l + 1
Þ = =0
2 0
I II III
From I and III From II and III
3( l - 1)
=0 -l + 1 = 0
2
3l - 3 = 0 l =1
3
l = =1
3
The value of l in both cases are same. Hence both lines (i) and (ii) intersect at a point.
The co-ordinate of intersecting point is (4, 0, –1).
p/ 2
x sin x cos x
28. Let I= ò sin 4 x + cos 4 x
dx
0
p æp p2
\ 2I = ç - 0ö÷ Þ I=
4 è2 ø 16
29. Let r , h be radius and height of closed right circular cylinder having volume 128p cm3.
If S be the surface area then
S = 2prh + 2pr 2
S = 2p(rh + r 2 )
é 2
ù
êQ V = pr h ú
h
æ 128 ö ê 2 ú
S = 2p çr. + r2 ÷ ê Þ 128p = pr hú
è r2 ø ê ú
128
ê\ h = 2 ú
ë r û r
128
S = 2p æç + r 2 ö÷
è r ø
dS æ 128 ö
Þ = 2p ç - + 2r ÷
dr è r2 ø
For extreme value of S
dS
=0
dr
æ 128 ö
Þ 2p ç - + 2r ÷ = 0
è r2 ø
128
Þ - + 2r = 0
r2
128 128
Þ 2r = Þ r3 =
2 2
r
3
Þ r = 64 Þ r=4
d2S æ 128 ´ 2 ö
Again = 2p ç + 2÷
2 è r3 ø
dr
d 2 Sù
Þ ú = +ve
dr 2 úû r = 4
Hence, for r = 4 cm, S(surface area) is minimum.
Therefore, dimensions for minimum surface area of cylindrical can are
128 128
radius r = 4 cm and h = = = 8 cm.
r2 16
zzz
CBSE
Examination
Paper, All India-2014
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
SET–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. If R = {( x, y): x + 2y = 8} is a relation on N, write the range of R.
p
2. If tan -1 x + tan -1 y = , xy < 1, then write the value of x + y + xy.
4
3. If A is a square matrix such that A 2 = A , then write the value of 7 A - ( I + A) 3 , where I is an
identity matrix.
é x - y z ù é -1 4 ù
4. If ê ú=ê ú , find the value of x + y.
ë 2x - y wû ë 0 5 û
3x 7 8 7
5. If = , find the value of x.
-2 4 6 4
x
6. If f ( x) = ò t sin t dt , then write the value of f ¢( x).
0
4
x
7. Evaluate ò dx.
2
2 x +1
8. Find the value of 'p' for which the vectors 3i$ + 2j$ + 9k$ and i$ - 2pj$ + 3k$ are parallel.
® ® ® ® ® ®
9. Find a .( b ´ c ), if a = 2i$ + j$ + 3k$ , b = -i$ + 2j$ + k$ and c = 3i$ + j$ + 2k$.
3 - x y + 4 2z - 6
10. If the cartesian equations of a line are = = , write the vector equation for the
5 7 4
line.
Examination Papers – 2014 533
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
x
11. If the function f : R ® R be given by f ( x) = x 2 + 2 and g : R ® R be given by g( x) = , x ¹ 1,
x-1
find fog and gof and hence find fog (2) and gof (– 3).
é 1 + x - 1 - xù p 1 -1
12. Prove that tan -1 ê -1
ú = 4 - 2 cos x, £ x£1
ë 1 + x + 1 - xû 2
OR
- 2ö
-1 æ x -1 æ x + 2 ö p
If tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = , find the value of x.
è x - 4ø è x + 4ø 4
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that
x+y x x
5x + 4y 4x 2x = x 3
10x + 8y 8x 3x
dy p
14. Find the value of at q = , if x = ae q (sin q - cos q) and y = ae q (sin q + cos q).
dx 4
15. If y = Pe ax bx
+ Qe , show that
d2y dy
- ( a + b) + aby = 0.
2 dx
dx
16. Find the value(s) of x for which y = [x( x - 2)] 2 is an increasing function.
OR
x2 y2
Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve - = 1 at the point ( 2a, b).
a2 b2
p
4x sin x
17. Evaluate: ò 1 + cos 2 x dx
0
OR
x+2
Evaluate: ò dx
x 2 + 5x + 6
dy
18. Find the particular solution of the differential equation = 1 + x + y + xy, given that y = 0
dx
when x = 1.
dy -1
19. Solve the differential equation (1 + x 2 ) + y = e tan x .
dx
20. Show that the four points A, B, C and D with position vectors 4i$ + 5j$ + k$ , - j$ - k$ , 3i$ + 9j$ + 4k$
and 4( -i$ + j$ + k$) respectively are coplanar.
OR
®
The scalar product of the vector a = i$ + j$ + k$ with a unit vector along the sum of vectors
® ®
b = 2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$ and c = li$ + 2j$ + 3k$ is equal to one. Find the value of l and hence find the
® ®
unit vector along b + c .
534 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
21. A line passes through (2, –1, 3) and is perpendicular to the lines
®
r = i$ + j$ – k$ + l ( 2i$ - 2j$ + k$) and
®
r = ( 2i$ – j$ - 3k$) + m (i$ + 2j$ + 2k$). Obtain its equation in vector and cartesian form.
22. An experiment succeeds thrice as often as it fails. Find the probability that in the next five
trials, there will be at least 3 successes.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity,
truthfulness and helpfulness. The school A wants to award ` x each, ` y each and ` z each for
the three respective values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money
of ` 1,600. School B wants to spend ` 2,300 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective
values (by giving the same award money to the three values as before). If the total amount of
award for one prize on each value is ` 900, using matrices, find the award money for each
value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered for
award.
24. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in
4r 8
a sphere of radius r is . Also show that the maximum volume of the cone is of the
3 27
volume of the sphere.
1
25. Evaluate: ò dx
cos x + sin 4 x
4
26. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are
( -1, 2), (1, 5) and (3, 4).
27. Find the equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1 and
2x + 3y + 4z = 5 which is perpendicular to the plane x - y + z = 0. Also find the distance of the
plane obtained above, from the origin.
OR
Find the distance of the point (2, 12, 5) from the point of intersection of the line
® ®
r = 2i$ - 4j$ + 2k$ + l( 3i$ + 4j$ + 2k$) and the plane r .(i$ - 2j$ + k$) = 0.
28. A manufacturing company makes two types of teaching aids A and B of Mathematics for
class XII. Each type of A requires 9 labour hours of fabricating and 1 labour hour for
finishing. Each type of B requires 12 labour hours for fabricating and 3 labour hours for
finishing. For fabricating and finishing, the maximum labour hours available per week are
180 and 30 respectively. The company makes a profit of ` 80 on each piece of type A and ` 120
on each piece of type B. How many pieces of type A and type B should be manufactured per
week to get a maximum profit? Make it as an LPP and solve graphically. What is the
maximum profit per week?
29. There are three coins. One is a two-headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a
biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the times and third is also a biased coin that comes
up tails 40% of the times. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, and it shows
heads. What is the probability that it was the two-headed coin?
Examination Papers – 2014 535
OR
Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive
integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the probability
distribution of the random variable X, and hence find the mean of the distribution.
SET–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given.
e2
dx
9. Evaluate: ò x log x
e
® p p
10. Find a vector a of magnitude 5 2 , making an angle of with x-axis., with y-axis and an
4 2
acute angle q with z-axis.
19. Using properties of determinants, prove that
b + c c + a a+b a b c
q+r r + p p+ q = 2 p q r
y+z z+ x x+ y x y z
p æ dy ö b
20. If x = a sin 2t(1 + cos 2t) and y = b cos 2t(1 - cos 2t), show that at t = ,ç ÷ = .
4 è dx ø a
21. Find the particular solution of the differential equation x(1 + y 2 ) dx - y(1 + x 2 ) dy = 0, given
that y = 1 when x = 0.
22. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
x-1 y- 2 z- 3 x y z
perpendicular to the lines = = and = = .
1 2 3 -3 2 5
SET–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II, are given.
a
1 p
9. If ò dx = , find the value of a.
2 8
04 +x
® ® ® ® ® ®
10. If a and b are perpendicular vectors,| a + b|= 13 and | a| = 5, find the value of| b|.
19. Using properties of determinants, prove that:
1+a 1 1
1 1+b 1 = abc + bc + ca + ab.
1 1 1+c
536 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
dy p
20. If x = cos t( 3 - 2 cos 2 t) and y = sin t( 3 - 2 sin 2 t), find the value of at t = .
dx 4
æ dy ö
21. Find the particular solution of the differential equation log ç ÷ = 3x + 4y, given that y = 0
è dx ø
when x = 0.
1 - x 7 y - 14 z - 3 7 - 7x y - 5 6 - z
22. Find the value of p, so that the lines l1 = = = and l2 : = =
3 p 2 3p 1 5
are perpendicular to each other. Also find the equations of a line passing through a point
(3, 2, –4) and parallel to line l1 .
28. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right triangle is given, show that
the area of the triangle is maximum, when the angle between them is 60°.
29. Evaluate:
1
ò sin 4 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x + cos 4 x dx
Examination Papers – 2014 537
Solutions
SET–I
SECTION–A
1. Given:
R = {( x, y) : x + 2y = 8}
Q x + 2y = 8
8-x
Þ y= Þ when x = 6, y = 1; x = 4, y = 2; x = 2, y = 3.
2
\ Range = { 1, 2, 3}
2. Given
p
tan -1 x + tan -1 y =
4
é x+yù p
Þ tan -1 ê ú= [Q xy < 1]
ë 1 - xy û 4
é x+yù
Þ tan -1 ê -1
ú = tan 1
ë 1 - xy û
x+y
Þ =1 Þ x + y = 1 - xy
1 - xy
Þ x + y + xy = 1
3. 7 A - ( I + A) 3 = 7 A - {I 3 + 3I 2 A + 3I . A 2 + A 3 }
= 7 A - {I + 3A + 3A + A 2 A} [Q I 3 = I 2 = I , A 2 = A]
= 7 A - {I + 6A + A 2 } = 7 A - {I + 6A + A}
= 7 A - {I + 7 A} = 7 A - I - 7 A = -I
é x - y z ù é -1 4 ù
4. Given ê ú=ê ú
ë 2x - y wû ë 0 5 û
Equating, we get
x - y = -1 … (i)
2x - y = 0 …(ii)
z = 4, w=5
(ii) – (i) Þ 2x - y - x + y = 0 + 1
Þ x = 1 and y = 2
\ x + y = 2 + 1 = 3.
3x 7 8 7
5. Given =
-2 4 6 4
Þ 12x + 14 = 32 - 42 Þ 12x = -10 - 14
Þ 12x = -24 Þ x = -2
538 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
x
6. Given f ( x) = ò t sin t dt
0
According to Leibnitz' Rule
æ h( x ) ö
d ç ÷ = f ( h( x)). d ( h( x)) - f ( g( x)). d ( g( x))
dx çè ò
f (t) dt
÷ dx dx
g( x) ø
Here g( x) = 0, h( x) = x. f (t) = t sin t
d d
\ f ¢( x) = f ( x). ( x) - f ( 0). ( 0)
dx dx
= x. sin x . 1 - 0 = x sin x.
4
x
7. Let, I = ò dx
2
2 x +1
Let x 2 + 1 = z
dz
Þ 2xdx = dz Þ xdx =
2
Also x = 2 Þ z = 5 and x = 4 Þ z = 17
17
1 dz
\ I=
2 ò z
5
1 17 1 1 17
= [ log z]5 = [log 17 - log 5] = log .
2 2 2 5
8. Q Given two vectors are parallel
3 2 9 3 2
Þ = = Þ =
1 -2 p 3 1 -2 p
1
Þ -6 p = 2 Þ p=- .
3
9. Given
® ® ®
$
a = 2i$ + j$ + 3k, b = -i$ + 2j$ + k$, c = 3i$ + j$ + 2k$
2 1 3
® ® ®
\ a .( b ´ c ) = -1 2 1
3 1 2
= 2( 4 - 1) - 1( -2 - 3) + 3( -1 - 6)
= 2 ´ 3 - 1 ´ ( -5) + 3 ´ ( -7) = 6 + 5 - 21 = -10
10. Given cartesian equation of a line is
3 - x y + 4 2z - 6
= =
5 7 4
x- 3 y - ( - 4) z- 3
Þ = =
-5 7 2
Hence its vector form is
®
r = ( 3i$ - 4j$ + 3k$) + l( -5i$ + 7 j$ + 2k$)
Examination Papers – 2014 539
SECTION–B
2 x
11. Given, f ( x) = x + 2, g( x) =
x-1
\ fog( x) = f ( g( x))
x ö éQ g( x) = x ù
= f æç ÷
è x - 1ø ëê x - 1 ûú
x ö2
= æç ÷ +2 [Q f ( x) = x 2 + 2]
è x - 1ø
x2 x 2 + 2( x - 1) 2 x 2 + 2x 2 - 4x + 2 3x 2 - 4x + 2
= + 2= = =
( x - 1) 2 ( x - 1) 2 ( x - 1) 2 ( x - 1) 2
Again gof ( x) = g( f ( x))
= g( x 2 + 2) [Q f ( x) = x 2 + 2]
x2 + 2 éQ g( x) = x ù
=
2
x + 2-1 êë x - 1 úû
x2 + 2
=
x2 + 1
3 ´ 22 - 4 ´ 2 + 2 12 - 8 + 2
\ fog(2) = = =6
2 1
( 2 - 1)
( -3) 2 + 2 9 + 2 11
and gof ( -3) = = =
2 9 + 1 10
( -3) + 1
æ 1 + x - 1 - xö
12. L.H.S. = tan -1 çç ÷÷
è 1 + x + 1 - xø
æ 1+x - 1-x 1 + x - 1 - xö
= tan -1 çç ´ ÷ [Rationalize]
è 1+x + 1-x 1 + x - 1 - x ÷ø
æ 2 - 2 1 - x2 ö æ1 - 1 - x 2 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
ç 1+ x-1+ x ÷ ç x ÷
è ø è ø
OR
x - 2 ö÷ + tan -1 æç x + 2 ö÷ = p
Given tan -1 æç
è x - 4ø è x + 4ø 4
é x-2 + x+2 ù
ê ú p
Þ tan -1 ê x - 4 x + 4 ú =
x-2 x+2 4
ê1 - . ú
ë x - 4 x + 4û
é ( x - 2)( x + 4) + ( x + 2)( x - 4) ù p
Þ tan -1 ê ú=
ë ( x - 4)( x + 4) - ( x - 2)( x + 2) û 4
é x 2 + 4x - 2x - 8 + x 2 - 4x + 2x - 8 ù p
Þ tan -1 ê ú=
êë ( x 2 - 16) - ( x 2 - 4) úû 4
é 2x 2 - 16 ù p
Þ tan -1 ê ú=
2 2
êë x - 16 - x + 4 úû 4
é 2x 2 - 16 ù p x2 - 8 p
Þ tan -1 ê ú= Þ = tan æç ö÷
êë -12 úû 4 -6 è4ø
x2 - 8
Þ =1 Þ x 2 - 8 = -6
-6
Þ x 2 = -6 + 8 Þ x2 = 2
Þ x=± 2
x+y x x
13. L.H.S. = 5x + 4y 4x 2x
10x + 8y 8x 3x
x+y 1 1
2
=x 5x + 4y 4 2 [Taking out x from C 2 and C 3 ]
10x + 8y 8 3
x+y 1 1
= x 2 3x + 2y 2 0 [Applying R 2 ® R 2 - 2R 1 and R 3 ® R 3 - 3R 1 ]
7 x + 5y 5 0
Expanding along C 3 , we get
x 2 [1 {( 3x + 2y) 5 - 2 (7 x + 5y)} - 0 + 0]
= x 2 (15x + 10y - 14x - 10y) = x 2 ( x) = x 3 = R.H.S.
14. Given x = ae q (sin q - cos q)
y = ae q (sin q + cos q)
Q x = ae q (sin q - cos q)
Differentiating w.r.t. q, we get
dx
= ae q (cos q + sin q) + a( sin q - cos q). e q
dq
Examination Papers – 2014 541
Þ x ( x - 1) ( x - 2) > 0
542 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
x = p, z = -1
-1
- dz
\ I = 2p ò = 2p[tan -1 z] 1-1
2
11 +z
p p p
= 2p[tan -1 1 - tan -1 ( -1)] = 2p é + ù = 2p ´
êë 4 4 úû 2
Þ I = p2.
OR
x+2
Let I=ò dx
x 2 + 5x + 6
d
Let x + 2 = A ( x 2 + 5x + 6) + B
dx
x + 2 = A( 2x + 5) + B Þ x + 2 = 2Ax + (5A + B)
Equating both sides, we get
1 5 1
2A = 1, 5A + B = 2 Þ A= , B=2- =-
2 2 2
1 1
\ x+2= ( 2x + 5) -
2 2
1 1
( 2x + 5) -
2 dx = 1 2x + 5 1 dx
Hence, I = ò 2 ò 2 dx - ò
2
x + 5x + 6 2 x + 5x + 6 2 2
x + 5x + 6
1 1
I = .I1 - I2 … (i)
2 2
2x + 5 dx
where, I 1 = ò dx, I 2 = ò
x 2 + 5x + 6 x 2 + 5x + 6
2x + 5
Now, I 1 = ò dx
2
x + 5x + 6
Let x 2 + 5x + 6 = z Þ ( 2x + 5) dx = dz
1
-1 - +1
dz 2 dz = z 2
I1 = ò
z ò
\ = z + c1 = 2 z + c1
-1
+1
2
= 2 x 2 + 5x + 6 + c 1
dx
Again I 2 = ò
x 2 + 5x + 6
dx
=ò
5 5 2 25
x 2 + 2 ´ x ´ + æç ö÷ - +6
2 è 2ø 4
dx dx
=ò =ò
2 2 2
æç x + 5 ö÷ - 1 æç x + 5 ö÷ - æç 1 ö÷
è 2ø 4 è 2ø è 2ø
544 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
5
= log|æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 5x + 6|+ c 2
è 2ø
Putting the value of I 1 and I 2 in (i)
1 1ì 5ö ü
I = ìí 2 x 2 + 5x + 6 + c 1 üý - í log|æç x + ÷ + x 2 + 5x + 6|+ c 2 ý
2î þ 2î è 2 ø þ
1 5 1 1
Þ I = x 2 + 5x + 6 - log|æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 5x + 6|+ c 1 - c 2
2 è 2ø 2 2
1 5 1 1
= x 2 + 5x + 6 - log|æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + 5x + 6|+ c [where c = c 1 - c 2 ]
2 è 2ø 2 2
18. Given differential equation is
dy
= 1 + x + y + xy
dx
dy dy
Þ = (1 + x) + y(1 + x) Þ = (1 + x)(1 + y)
dx dx
dy
Þ = (1 + x) dx
1+y
Integrating both sides, we get
log|1 + y|= ò (1 + x) dx
x2
Þ log|1 + y|= x + + c , it is general solution.
2
Putting x = 1, y = 0, we get
1 3 -3
log 1 = 1 + + c Þ 0= +c c=
2 2 2
x2 3
Hence particular solution is log|1 + y|= x + - .
2 2
19. Given differential equation is
dy -1
(1 + x 2 ) + y = e tan x
dx
-1
dy 1 e tan x
Þ + y= … (i)
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
Equation (i) is of the form
-1
dy 1 e tan x
+ Py = Q , where P = ,Q =
dx 1 + x2 1 + x2
1
ò dx -1
Pdx 2
\ I . F. = e ò = e 1+ x = e tan x .
Therefore, General solution of required differential equation is
-1 x
tan -1 x tan -1 x e tan
y. e = òe . dx + c
1 + x2
Examination Papers – 2014 545
-1 x
tan -1 x e 2 tan
y. e =ò dx + c … (i)
1 + x2
1
Let tan -1 x = z Þ dx = dz.
1 + x2
(i) becomes
-1 x -1 x e 2z
y. e tan = ò e 2z dz + c Þ y. e tan = +c
2
-1 x
tan -1 x e 2 tan
Þ y. e = +c [Putting z = tan -1 x]
2
-1
e tan x -1 -1
Þ y= + c. e - tan x [Dividing both sides by e tan x ]
2
It is required solution.
20. Position vectors of A, B, C and D are
Position vector of A º 4i$ + 5j$ + k$
Position vector of B º - j$ - k$
Position vector of C º 3i$ + 9j$ + 4k$
Position vector of D º -4i$ + 4j$ + 4k$
® ® ®
\ AB = -4i$ - 6j$ - 2k$, AC = -i$ + 4j$ + 3k$, AD = -8i$ - j$ + 3k$
-4 -6 -2
® ® ®
Now AB . ( AC ´ AD) = -1 4 3
-8 -1 3
= -4(12 + 3) + 6( -3 + 24) - 2(1 + 32) = -60 + 126 - 66 = 0
® ® ®
i.e., AB .( AC ´ AD) = 0
® ® ®
Hence, AB, AC and AD are coplanar i.e. points A, B, C, D are coplanar.
® ® ®
[Note. Three vectors a , b , c are coplanar if the scalar triple product of these three vectors is
zero.]
OR
® ® ®
Let d = b + c
®
\ d = ( 2i$ + 4j$ - 5k$) + ( li$ + 2j$ + 3k$)
®
Þ d = ( 2 + l)i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
®
Þ | d| =|( 2 + l) i$ + 6j$ - 2k$|= ( 2 + l) 2 + 6 2 + ( -2) 2 = ( 2 + l) 2 + 40
® 1 ® ( 2 + l)i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
\ Unit vector along d = d$ = d= … (i)
®
| d| ( 2 + l) 2 + 40
546 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
Þ ( 2 + l) + 6 - 2 = ( 2 + l) 2 + 40 Þ ( l + 6) 2 = ( 2 + l) 2 + 40
Þ l2 + 12l + 36 = l2 + 4l + 4 + 40
Þ 8l + 36 = 44 Þ 8l = 8 Þ l = 1
Putting the value l = 1 in (i), we get
® 3i$ + 6j$ - 2k$ 3i$ + 6j$ - 2k$
Required unit vector along d = d$ = =
3 2 + 40 49
3i$ + 6j$ - 2k$ 3 $ 6 $ 2 $
= = i+ j- k
7 7 7 7
®
21. Let b be parallel vector of required line.
®
Þ b is perpendicular to both given line.
®
Þ b = ( 2i$ - 2j$ + k$) ´ (i$ + 2j$ + 2k$)
i j k
= 2 -2 1
1 2 2
= ( -4 - 2)i$ - ( 4 - 1) j$ + ( 4 + 2) k$ = -6i$ - 3j$ + 6k.
$
3 3 1 2 3 4 1 1 3 5 1 0
= 5 C 3 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷ + 5 C 4 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷ + 5 C5 æç ö÷ . æç ö÷
è 4 ø è 4ø è 4 ø è 4ø è 4 ø è 4ø
3 3é 1 5 3 1 3 2ù
= æç ö÷ ê 5 C 3 ´ + C 4 ´ ´ + 5 C5 æç ö÷ ú
è4ø ê 16 4 4 è4ø ú
ë û
27 é 10 15 9 ù 27 34 459
= + + = ´ = .
64 êë 16 16 16 úû 64 16 512
23. According to question
x + y + z = 900
3x + 2y + z = 1600
4x + y + 3z = 2300
The given system of linear equation may be written in matrix form as AX = B
é1 1 1 ù é xù é 900 ù
where A = ê 3 2 1 ú , X = ê yú , B = ê 1600 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 4 1 3úû êë z úû êë 2300úû
AX = B Þ X = A -1 B … (i)
1 1 1
Now,|A|= 3 2 1 = 1( 6 - 1) - 1( 9 - 4) + 1( 3 - 8) = 5 - 5 - 5 = -5
4 1 3
2 1 3 1
Also, A11 = = 6-1=5 A12 = - = -( 9 - 4) = -5
1 3 4 3
3 2 1 1
A13 = = 3 - 8 = -5 A21 = - = -( 3 - 1) = -2
4 1 1 3
1 1 1 1
A22 = = 3 - 4 = -1 A23 = - = -(1 - 4) = 3
4 3 4 1
1 1 1 1
A 31 = = 1 - 2 = -1 A 32 = - = -(1 - 3) = 2
2 1 3 1
1 1
A 33 = = 2 - 3 = -1
3 2
T
é 5 -5 -5 ù é 5 -2 -1 ù
\ ê
adj ( A) = -2 -1 3 ú = ê -5 -1 2 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë -1 2 -1úû êë -5 3 -1úû
é 5 -2 -1 ù
adj( A) 1ê
\ -1
A = = - -5 -1 2 ú
|A| 5ê ú
êë -5 3 -1úû
é xù é 5 -2 -1ù é 900 ù
Þ ê yú = - 1 ê -5 -1 2 ú ê 1600 ú
ê ú 5ê úê ú
êë z úû êë -5 3 -1úû êë 2300úû
é 4500 - 3200 - 2300 ù é -1000ù
1 1
= - ê -4500 - 1600 + 4600 ú = - ê -1500ú
5ê ú 5ê ú
êë -4500 + 4800 - 2300úû êë -2000úû
é xù é 200 ù
Þ ê yú = ê 300ú
ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 400 úû
Þ x = ` 200, y = ` 300, z = ` 400.
i.e.,` 200 for sincerity,
` 300 for truthfulness and ` 400 for helpfulness.
One more value like honesty, kindness etc. can be awarded.
SECTION–C
24. Consider a sphere of radius r with centre at O such that A
OD = x and DC = a.
Let h be the height of the cone. O
Then h = AD = AO + OD = r + x ...(i) x r
(OA = OC = radius) B a C
D
In the right angled D ODC,
r 2 = a2 + x2 (by Pythagoras theorem) ...(ii)
1
Let V be the volume the cone, then V = pr 2 h
3
1 2 2
Þ V ( x) = p(r - x )(r + x) [From (1) and (2)]
3
1 é d d ù
Þ V ¢( x) = p ê(r 2 - x 2 ) (r + x) + (r + x) (r 2 - x 2 ) ú
3 ë dx dx û
1 1 1
Þ = p [(r 2 - x 2 )(1) + (r + x)( -2x)] = p [(r + x) (r - x - 2x) ] = p(r + x)(r - 3x)
3 3 3
1 é d d ù
Also, V ¢¢( x) = p ê(r + x) (r - 3x) + (r - 3x) (r + x) ú
3 ë dx dx û
1
Þ V ¢¢( x) = p [(r + x) ( -3) + (r - 3x) (1) ]
3
For maximum or minimum value, we have V ¢( x) = 0
1 r
Þ p(r + x)(r - 3x) = 0 Þ x = -r or x =
3 3
Neglecting x = -r [Qx > 0]
r 1 é r æ r ö ù -4pr
V " æç ö÷ = p ê æçr + ö÷ ( -3) + çr - 3 æç ö÷ ÷ ú = <0
è 3 ø 3 ëè 3ø è è 3 øøû 3
Examination Papers – 2014 549
r
\ Volume is maximum when x = .
3.
r r 4r
Putting x = in equation (i) and (ii) we get h = r + =
3 3 3
r 2 8r 2
and a2 = r 2 - =
9 9
1 2 1 æ 8r 2 ö æ 4r ö 8 æ 4 3 ö
Now, Volume of cone = pr h = p ç ÷ç ÷ = ç pr ÷
3 3 è 9 ø è 3 ø 27 è 3 ø
8
Thus, Volume of the cone = (volume of the sphere).
27
dx
25. Let I = ò
cos x + sin 4 x
4
sec 4 x dx
=ò [Dividing N r and D r by cos 4 x]
4
1 + tan x
sec 2 x. sec 2 x dx æ 1 + tan 2 x ö
=ò = òç ÷. sec 2 xdx
1 + tan 4 x è 1 + tan 4 x ø
Let tan x = z Þ sec 2 x dx = dz
æ1 + z2 ö
\ I = òç ÷ dz
è1 + z4 ø
æ1 ö
ç 2 + 1÷
èz ø
=ò dz [Dividing N r and D r by z 2 ]
æ1 2ö
ç 2 +z ÷
èz ø
æ 1 ö
ç1 + 2 ÷ dz
è z ø
=ò
2
æçz - 1 ö÷ + 2
è zø
1 æ 1 ö
Let z - = t Þ ç1 + ÷ dz = dt
z è z2 ø
dt 1 æ t ö
\ I=ò = tan -1 ç ÷+c
2
t + ( 2) 2 2 è 2ø
æz - 1 ö
1 -1
ç z÷ + c 1
= tan ç ÷ [Putting t = z - ]
2 ç 2 ÷ z
è ø
1 æz2 - 1 ö 1 æ tan 2 x - 1 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ +c= tan -1 ç ÷ + c.
2 è 2z ø 2 è 2 tan x ø
550 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
26. Triangle DABC having vertices A( -1, 2), B(1, 5) and C( 3, 4) is drawn and shaded like as
figure.
B(1, 5)
5
4 C(3, 4)
(–1, 2)A 2
D E F
X’ –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
–1
–2
Y’
Equation of AB is
5-2 3
y-2= ( x + 1) Þ y-2= ( x + 1)
1+1 2
Þ 2y - 4 = 3x + 3 Þ 2y = 3x + 7
3 7
Þ y= x+ …(i)
2 2
Equation of BC is
4-5
( y - 5) = ( x - 1)
3-1
-1 x 1
Þ y-5= ( x - 1) Þ y=- + +5
2 2 2
x 11
Þ y=- + …(ii)
2 2
Equation of AC is
4-2 2 x 1
y-2= ( x + 1) Þ y-2= ( x + 1) Þ y = + + 2
3+1 4 2 2
x 5
y= + …(iii)
2 2
Examination Papers – 2014 551
25
=
60
20
x+
3y
= 315
0
10 C(0,10)
B(12,6)
5
A(20,0)
X¢ X
O 10 20 30 40 50 60
Y¢
A (20, 0) 1600
Hence, the company will get the maximum profit of `1,680 by making 12 pieces of type A
and 6 pieces of type B of teaching aid.
Yes, teaching aid is necessary for teaching learning process as
(i) it makes learning very easy.
(ii) it provides active learning.
(iii) students are able to grasp and understand concept more easily and in active
manner.
29. Let E1 , E2 , E 3 and A be events defined as
E1 = selection of two-headed coin
E2 = selection of biased coin that comes up head 75% of the times.
E 3 = selection of biased coin that comes up tail 40% of the times.
A = getting head.
1
P(E1 ) = P(E2 ) = P(E 3 ) =
3
æAö æ A ö 75 3 æ A ö 60 3
P ç ÷ = 1, Pç ÷ = = , Pç ÷ = =
è E1 ø E
è 2ø 100 4 E
è 3ø 100 5
æAö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷
æE ö è E1 ø
Now P ç 1 ÷ =
èAø æAö æAö æAö
P(E1 ). P ç ÷ + P(E2 ). P ç ÷ + P(E 3 ). P ç ÷
E
è 1ø E
è 2ø èE3 ø
1 1
´1
= 3 = 3
1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1
´1+ ´ + ´ + +
3 3 4 3 5 3 4 5
1
3 1 60 20
= = ´ = .
20 + 15 + 12 3 47 47
60
OR
First six positive integers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
If two numbers are selected at random from above six numbers then sample space S is given
by
S = {(1, 2) (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), ( 2, 1), ( 2, 3), ( 2, 4), ( 2, 5), ( 2, 6), ( 3, 1), ( 3, 2), ( 3, 4), ( 3, 5),
( 3, 6), ( 4, 1), ( 4, 2), ( 4, 3), ( 4, 5), ( 4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6), ( 6, 1), ( 6, 2), ( 6, 3)
( 6, 4) ( 6, 5)}
n ( s) = 30.
Here, X is random variable, which may have value 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Therefore, required probability distribution is given as
2
P(X = 2) = Probability of event getting (1, 2), (2, 1) =
30
554 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
4
P(X = 3) = Probability of event getting (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2) =
30
6
P(X = 4) = Probability of event getting (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3) =
30
8
P(X = 5) = Probability of event getting (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) =
30
P(X = 6) = Probability of event getting (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),
10
(6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5) =
30
It is represented in tabular form as
X 2 3 4 5 6
2 4 6 8 10
P(X)
30 30 30 30 30
\ Required mean = E( x) = Spi xi
2 4 6 8 10
=2´ + 3´ +4´ +5´ +6´
30 30 30 30 30
4 + 12 + 24 + 40 + 60
=
30
140 14 2
= = =4 .
30 3 3
SET–II
e2
dx
9. Let I = ò x log x
e
1
Let log x = z Þ dx = dz
x
For limit x = e Þ z = log e = 1; x = e 2 Þ z = log e 2 = 2.
2
dz 2
\ I=ò = [ log z]1 = log 2 - log 1 = log 2. [Q log 1 = 0]
z
1
®
10. Direction cosines of required vector a are
p 1
l = cos =
4 2
p
m = cos = 0 and n = cos q
2
Q l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
2
æ 1 ö 2 1
Þ ç ÷ + 0 + cos q = 1 Þ cos 2 q = 1 -
è 2ø 2
1 1
Þ cos q = Þ n=
2 2
Examination Papers – 2014 555
® 1 $ 1 $
\ Unit vector in the direction of a = i + 0j$ + k
2 2
® æ 1 $ 1 $ö
\ a = 5 2ç i+ k ÷ = 5i$ + 5k$
è 2 2 ø
b+c c+a a+b
19. L.H.S. D= q+r r + p p+ q
y+z z+ x x+ y
Applying, R 1 « R 3 and R 3 « R 2 , we get
a+b b + c c + a
= p+ q q+r r + p
x+ y y+z z+ x
Applying, R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get
2 ( a + b + c) b + c c + a
D = 2 ( p + q + r) q+r r + p
2 ( x + y + z) y + z z + x
a+b + c b + c c + a
= 2 p+ q+r q+r r + p
x+ y+z y+z z+ x
a b+c c+a
= 2 p q+r r + p [Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 2 ]
x y+z z+ x
a b+c c
= 2 p q+r r [Applying R 3 ® R 3 - R 1 ]
x y+z z
1 + y2
Þ log 1 + y 2 - log 1 + x 2 = log C Þ log = log C
1 + x2
1 + y2
Þ =C Þ 1 + y 2 = C 2 (1 + x 2 )
2
1+x
Þ y = C 2 (1 + x 2 ) - 1
2
…(i)
Now for particular solution, we put y = 1, x = 0 in (i) we get
1 = C 2 (1 + 0) - 1
1 =C2 -1 Þ C2 = 2 Þ C = 2.
Putting C = 2 in (i) we get particular solution as
y 2 = 2(1 + x 2 ) - 1 Þ y 2 = 2 + 2x 2 - 1 Þ y 2 = 2x 2 + 1
22. Let the cartesian equation of the line passing through (2, 1, 3) be
x- 2 y-1 z- 3
= = …(i)
a b c
Since, line (i) is perpendicular to given line
x-1 y- 2 z- 3
= = …(ii)
1 2 3
x y z
and = = …(iii)
-3 2 5
\ a + 2b + 3c = 0 …(iv)
-3a + 2b + 5c = 0 …(v)
From equation (iv) and (v).
a b c a b c
= = Þ = = = l (say)
10 - 6 -9 - 5 2 + 6 4 -14 8
Þ a = 4l , b = -14l , c = 8l
Examination Papers – 2014 557
SECTION C
28. Let I = ò ( cot x + tan x ) dx
æ cos x sin x ö (cos x + sin x
I = òç + ÷ dx = ò dx
è sin x cos x ø sin x. cos x
Let sin x - cos x = t Þ (cos x + sin x) dx = dt
Also Q sin x - cos x = t
Þ (sin x - cos x) 2 = t 2 Þ sin 2 x + cos 2 x - 2 sin x. cos x = t 2
1 - t2
Þ 1 - 2 sin x. cos x = t 2 Þ sin x. cos x =
2
dt dt
Therefore, I=ò = 2ò
2
1-t 1 - t2
2
= 2 sin -1 t + c = 2 sin -1 (sin x - cos x) + c
29. Let R, h be the radius and height of inscribed cylinder respectively.
If V be the volume of cylinder then
V = pR 2 h é 2
2 æ hö 2
êQ R + ç ÷ = r
æ h2 ö ê è 2 ø
V = p çr 2 - ÷h h
è 4 ø ê 2 2 h2 r
ê R =r - h/2
ë 4 R
æ h3 ö
V = p çr 2 h - ÷
è 4 ø
Differentiating w.r.t. h, we get
dV æ 3h 2 ö
= p çr 2 - ÷ …(i)
dh è 4 ø
For maxima or minima
dV
=0
dh
æ 3h 2 ö 3h 2
Þ p çr 2 - ÷=0 Þ r2 - =0
è 4 ø 4
3h 2r
Þ r= Þ h=
2 3
558 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SET–III
a
dx p
9. Given ò =
2 8
0 4+x
a a
dx p 1é x ù p
Þ ò 22 + x2 = Þ ê tan -1 æç ö÷ ú =
8 2ë è ø
2 û0 8
0
Þ é tan -1 a - tan -1 0ù = p
êë 2 úû 4
a p
Þ tan -1 = [Q tan -1 0 = 0]
2 4
a p a
Þ = tan Þ =1 Þ a = 2.
2 4 2
® ®
10. Given| a + b|= 13
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ | a + b|2 = 169 Þ ( a + b ).( a + b ) = 169
® ® ® ®
Þ | a|2 +2 a . b +| b|2 = 169
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ | a|2 +| b|2 = 169 [Q a ^ b Þ a . b = 0]
® ®
Þ | b|2 = 169 -| a|2
®
Þ | b|2 = 169 - 25
® ®
Þ | b|2 = 144 Þ | b| = 12.
1+a 1 1
19. LHS = D = 1 1+b 1
1 1 1+c
Taking out a, b, c common from I, II, and III row respectively, we get
Examination Papers – 2014 559
1 1 1
+1
a a a
1 1 1
D = abc +1
b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
Applying R 1 ® R 1 + R 2 + R 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + +1 + + +1 + + +1
a b c a b c a b c
1 1 1
D = abc +1
b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
1 1 1
æ 1 1 1 ö 1 1 1
= abc ç + + + 1÷ +1
èa b c ø b b b
1 1 1
+1
c c c
Applying C 2 ® C 2 - C 1 , C 3 ® C 3 - C 1 , we get
1 0 0
1 1 1 1
D = abc æç + + + 1ö÷ 1 0
èa b c ø b
1
0 1
c
1 1 1
= abc æç + + + 1ö÷ ´ (1 ´ 1 ´ 1)
èa b c ø
(Q the determinant of a triangular matrix is the product of its diagonal elements.)
1 1 1
= abc æç + + + 1ö÷
èa b c ø
æ bc + ac + ab + abc ö
= abc ç ÷ = ab + bc + ca + abc = R.H.S.
è abc ø
20. Given x = cos t( 3 - 2 cos 2 t)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
dx
= cos t {0 + 4 cos t. sin t} + ( 3 - 2 cos 2 t).( - sin t)
dt
= 4 sin t. cos 2 t - 3 sin t + 2 cos 2 t. sin t
= 6 sin t cos 2 t - 3 sin t
= 3 sin t ( 2 cos 2 t - 1) = 3 sin t. cos 2t
Again Q y = sin t( 3 - 2 sin 2 t)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
dy
= sin t.{0 - 4 sin t cos t} + ( 3 - 2 sin 2 t). cos t
dt
560 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
e -4 y e 3 x
= + c1 Þ -3e -4 y = 4e 3 x + 12c 1
-4 3
4e 3 x + 3e -4 y = -12c 1
4 e 3 x + 3 e -4 y = c … (i)
It is general solution.
Now for particular solution we put x = 0 and y = 0 in (i)
4+ 3=c Þ c = 7.
Putting c = 7 in (i), we get
4 e 3 x + 3 e -4 y = 7
It is required particular solution.
22. Given line l1 and l2 are
1 - x 7 y - 14 z - 3 x-1 y- 2 z- 3
l1 º = = Þ = =
3 p 2 -3 p 2
7
7 - 7x y - 5 6 - z x-1 y-5 z- 6
l2 º = = Þ = =
3p 1 5 -3 p 1 -5
7
Since l1 ^ l2
æ 3p ö p
Þ ( -3) ç - ÷ + ´ 1 + 2 ´ -5 = 0
è 7 ø 7
Examination Papers – 2014 561
9p p 10p
Þ + - 10 = 0 Þ
= +10
7 7 7
7 ´ 10
Þ p=+ Þ p=7
10
The equation of line passing through (3, 2, –4) and parallel to l1 is given by
x- 3 y-2 z+4
= =
-3 p 2
7
x- 3 y-2 z+4
i.e., = = (Q p = 7)
-3 1 2
28. Let h and x be the length of hypotenuse and one side of a right triangle and y is length of the
third side.
If A be the area of triangle, then
1 1
A = xy = x h 2 - x 2 é also given ù
2 2
ê h + x = k ( constant) ú
1 1 ê ú
A = x ( k - x) 2 - x 2 = x k 2 - 2kx + x 2 - x 2 êë\ h = k - x úû
2 2
x2 2 1
Þ A2 = ( k - 2kx) Þ A 2 = ( k 2 x 2 - 2kx 3 )
4 4 h
y
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get
d( A 2 ) 1 q
Þ = ( 2k 2 x - 6kx 2 ) …(i) x
dx 4
For maxima or minima of A 2 .
d( A 2 )
=0 é ù
dx ê Q V = lbh ú
1 ê 8 = lb 2 ú
Þ ( 2k 2 x - 6kx 2 ) = 0 Þ 2k 2 x - 6kx 2 = 0 ê
4 8 4ú
ê\ b = = ú
ë 2l l û
Þ 2kx ( k - 3x) = 0
Þ k - 3x = 0 ; 2kx ¹ 0
k
Þ x=
3
Differentiating (i) again w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 (A 2 ) 1
= ( 2k 2 - 12kx)
2 4
dx
2 ù 2
d (A ) 1æ kö
ú = ç 2k 2 - 12k . ÷<0
úû x = k / 3 4 è 3ø
2
dx
k k 2k
Hence, A 2 is maximum when x = and h = k - = .
3 3 3
562 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
k 2k
i.e., A is maximum when x = ,h= .
3 3
x k 3 1
\ cos q = = ´ =
h 3 2k 2
1 p
Þ cos q = Þ q= ×
2 3
dx
29. Let I=ò dx
sin 4 x + sin 2 x. cos 2 x + cos 4 x
Dividing N r and D r by cos 4 x, we get
sec 4 x
I=ò dx
tan 4 x + tan 2 x + 1
Put z = tan x Þ dz = sec 2 x dx
(1 + z 2 ) dz
\ I=ò
z4 + z2 + 1
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
z 2 ç1 + ÷ ç1 + 2 ÷
=ò
è z2 ø dz = ò
è z ø dz
2
2ì 2 ü 1 æçz - 1 ö÷ + 3
z íz + + 1ý
î z 2
þ è zø
æ 1 ö
ç1 + 2 ÷ dz
è z ø
=ò
2
æçz - 1 ö÷ + ( 3 ) 2
è zø
1 æ 1 ö
Again, let z - =t Þ ç1 + 2 ÷ dz = dt
z è z ø
dt 1 æ -1 t ö
Þ I=ò = ç tan ÷+c
2
t + ( 3) 2 3è 3ø
æz - 1 ö
1 -1
ç z÷ + c éQ z - 1 = t ù
= tan ç ÷
3 ç 3 ÷ ëê z úû
è ø
1 æz2 - 1 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷+c
3 è 3z ø
1 æ tan 2 x - 1 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ + c.
3 è 3 tan x ø
zzz
CBSE
Examination
Paper, Foreign-2014
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
SET–I
SECTION–A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Let R = {(a, a3) : a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.
1 1
2. Write the value of cos–1 æç – ö÷ + 2 sin–1 æç ö÷.
è 2ø è 2ø
3. Use elementary column operation C2 ® C2 – 2C1 in the matrix
é 4 2 ù é1 2 ù é 2 0ù
equation ê ú=ê úê ú.
ë 3 3û ë 0 3û ë1 1 û
é a + 4 3b ù é 2a + 2 b + 2ù
4. If ê = write the value of a – 2b.
ë 8 – 6úû êë 8 a– 8b úû
5. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix, |A| ¹ 0 and |3A| = k |A|, then write the value of k.
6. Evaluate:
dx
ò sin 2 x cos 2 x
7. Evaluate:
p/ 4
ò tan x dx
0
9. Find a vector in the direction of vector 2i$– 3j$ + 6k$ which has magnitude 21 units.
®
10. Find the angle between the lines r = 2i$–5j$ + k$ + l ( 3i$ + 2j$ + 6k)
$ and
®
r = 7i$– 6k$ + m(i$ + 2j$ + 2k)
$.
564 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
SECTION–B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11. Let f : W ® W, be defined as f(x) = x – 1, if x is odd and f(x) = x + 1, if x is even. Show that f is
invertible. Find the inverse of f, where W is the set of all whole numbers.
12. Solve for x :
3
cos (tan–1 x) = sin æç cot –1 ö÷
è 4ø
OR
Prove that :
cos–1 7 + cot–1 8 + cot–1 18 = cot–1 3
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that
a+x y z
x a+y z = a 2 ( a + x + y + z)
x y a+z
d2y dy
14. If x = a cos q + b sin q and y = a sin q – b cos q, show that y2 2
–x + y = 0.
dx dx
dy y
15. If xm yn = (x + y)m + n, prove that = .
dx x
16. Find the approximate value of f(3.02), upto 2 places of decimal, where f(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 3.
OR
3 4
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x – 4x 3 – 45x 2 + 51 is
2
(a) strictly increasing
(b) strictly decreasing.
x cos –1 x
17. Evaluate: ò 1 – x2
dx
OR
2
Evaluate: ò ( 3x – 2) x + x + 1 dx
18. Solve the differential equation (x2 – yx2) dy + (y2 + x2y2) dx = 0, given that y = 1, when x = 1.
dy p
19. Solve the differential equation + y cot x = 2 cos x, given that y = 0, when x = .
dx 2
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
20. Show that the vectors a , b , c are coplanar if and only if a + b , and b + c and c + a are
coplanar.
OR
® ® ® ® ®
Find a unit vector perpendicular to both of the vectors a + b and a – b where a = i$ + j$ + k$ ,
®
b = i$ + 2j$ + 3k$.
Examination Papers – 2014 565
21. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are
® ®
r = (i$ + j$) + l( 2i$ – j$ + k$) and r = ( 2i$ + j$ – k$) + m( 3i$ – 5j$ + 2k$).
22. Three cards are drawn at random (without replacement) from a well shuffled pack of 52
playing cards. Find the probability distribution of number of red cards. Hence find the mean
of the distribution.
SECTION–C
Question numbers 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Tolerance,
Kindness and Leadership. The school P wants to award ` x each, ` y each and ` z each for
the three respective values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money
of ` 2,200. School Q wants to spend ` 3,100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective
values (by giving the same award money to the three values as school P). If the total amount
of award for one prize on each value is ` 1,200, using matrices, find the award money for
each value.
Apart from these three values, suggest one more value that should be considered for award.
24. Show that a cylinder of a given volume which is open at the top has minimum total surface
area, when its height is equal to the radius of its base.
p
x tan x
25. Evaluate : ò dx
0
sec x + tan x
x2 y2 x y
26. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse + = 1 and the line + = 1.
9 4 3 2
27. Find the equation of the plane that contains the point (1, – 1, 2) and is perpendicular to both
the planes 2x + 3y – 2z = 5 and x + 2y – 3z = 8. Hence find the distance of point P(–2, 5, 5) from
the plane obtained above.
OR
Find the distance of the point P(–1, –5, –10) from the point of intersection of the line joining
the points A(2, –1, 2) and B(5, 3, 4) with the plane x – y + z = 5.
28. A cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the use
of a grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on the grinding/cutting
machine and 3 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes 1 hour on the
grinding/cutting machine and 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day,
the sprayer is available for at the most 20 hours and the grinding/cutting machine for at the
most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is ` 25 and that from a shade is ` 15.
Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades that he produces, how
should he schedule his daily production in order to maximise his profit. Formulate an LPP
and solve it graphically.
29. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck
drivers. The probabilities of an accident for them are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One
of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter
driver or a car driver?
566 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
OR
Five cards are drawn one by one, with replacement, from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards,
Find the probability that
(i) all the five cards are diamonds.
(ii) only 3 cards are diamonds.
(iii) none is a diamond.
SET–II
Only those questions, not included in Set I, are given
9. Evaluate :
p/ 4
ò sin 2x dx
0
®
10. Write a unit vector in the direction of vector PQ, where P and Q are the points (1, 3, 0) and
(4, 5, 6) respectively.
19. Using properties of determinants, prove that:
x+l 2x 2x
2x x+l 2x = (5x + l) ( l – x) 2
2x 2x x+l
dy
20. If e x + e y = e x + y , prove that + e y– x = 0.
dx
dy
21. Find a particular solution of the differential equation + 2y tan x = sin x, given that y = 0,
dx
p
when x = .
3
22. Find the shortest distance between the following lines :
x+1 y+1 z+1 x– 3 y–5 z–7
= = ; = =
7 –6 1 1 –2 1
28. A window is of the form of a semi-circle with a rectangle on its diameter. The total perimeter
of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to admit maximum light through
the whole opening.
29. Evaluate :
p
x dx
ò a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
0
SET–III
Only those questions, not included in Set I and Set II are given.
9. Write the value of the following :
i$ ´ ( j$ + k$) + j$ ´ ( k$ + i$) + k$ ´ (i$ + j$)
1
2
10. Evaluate : ò x e x dx
0
Examination Papers – 2014 567
Solutions
SET–I
SECTION–A
3
1. Here R = {(a, a ) : a is a prime number less than 5}
Þ R = {(2, 8), (3, 27)}
Hence Range of R = {8, 27}
1 1
2. We have, cos–1 æç – ö÷ + 2 sin–1 æç ö÷
è 2ø è 2ø
1 p
cos -1 æç - ö÷ = cos -1 æç cos ö÷ [Q cos (- q) = cos q]
è 2ø è 3ø
p éQ p Î [0, p]ù
=
3 êë 3 úû
1 p
Also sin -1 æç ö÷ = sin -1 æç sin ö÷
è 2ø è 6ø
p é p é p p ùù
=
6 êëQ 6 Î êë - 2 , 2 úû úû
1 1 p p
\ cos -1 æç ö÷ + 2 sin -1 æç ö÷ = + 2æç ö÷
è 2ø è 2ø 3 è6ø
p p 2p
= + =
3 3 3
p p
[Note: Principal value branches of sin x and cos x are é - , ù and [0, p] respectively.]
êë 2 2 úû
é 4 2 ù é1 2 ù é 2 0ù
3. Given ê 3 3ú = ê 0 3ú ê1 1 ú
ë û ë ûë û
Applying C 2 ® C 2 – 2C1 , we get
é 4 – 6 ù é1 2 ù é 2 – 4ù
ê 3 – 3ú = ê 0 3ú ê1 – 1 ú
ë û ë ûë û
é a + 4 3b ù é 2a + 2 b + 2ù
4. Given ê 8 =
ë – 6úû êë 8 a– 8b úû
On equating, we get
a + 4 = 2a + 2, 3b = b + 2, a – 8b = – 6
Þ a = 2, b = 1
Now the value of a - 2b = 2 - ( 2 ´ 1) = 2 - 2 = 0
5. Here, |3A| = k|A|
Þ 33 |A| = k|A| [Q |kA| = kn|A| where n is order of A]
Þ 27 |A| = k|A|
Þ k = 27
Examination Papers – 2014 569
dx
6. Let I = ò
sin x. cos 2 x
2
2
= ò cosec x. sec 2 x dx = ò (1 + cot 2 x). sec 2 x dx
sec 2 x dx
= tanx + ò
tan 2 x
= tanx + ò z –2 dz [Let tan x = z Þ sec2 x dx = dz]
z –2+1 1
= tanx + + c = tanx – + c
–2+1 z
1
= tan x – +c [Putting z = tan x]
tan x
p/ 4
7. Let I = ò tan x dx
0
p/ 4
sin x
= ò cos x
dx
0
1 1
= [log||]
z 1 = log|1|- log| |
2
2
1
= 0 - log = log 2
2
(i$ + j$ + k$). j$
8. Required projection =
|j$|
1 1
= = =1
2 2 2 |1|
0 +1 + 0
9. Required vector
æ 2i$ – 3j$ + 6k$ ö æ $ $ $ö
= 21 ç ÷ = 21 ç 2i – 3j + 6k ÷
ç 2 2 + (–3) 2 + 6 2 ÷ è 49 ø
è ø
2i$ – 3j$ + 6k$
= 21 × = 3 ( 2i$ – 3j$ + 6k$)
7
= 6i$ – 9j$ + 18k$
570 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
®
10. Given two lines are r = 2i$–5j$ + k$ + l ( 3i$ + 2j$ + 6k)
$
®
r = 7i$– 6k$ + m(i$ + 2j$ + 2k)
$.
SECTION–B
11. In order to prove that f is invertible, we have to prove f is one-one onto function.
For one-one
Case I Let x1, x2 both be odd numbers
Now f(x1) = f(x2) Þ x1 – 1 = x2 – 1 " x1, x2 Î W
Þ x1 = x2
i.e. f is one-one.
Case II Let x1, x2 both be even number
Now f(x1) = f(x2) Þ x1 + 1 = x2 + 1
Þ x1 = x2
i.e. f is one-one.
Case III Let x1 be even and x2 be odd.
If f(x1) = f(x2) Þ x1 + 1 = x2 – 1 Þ x1 – x2 = – 2 Þ x2 – x1 = 2
Which is not possible as the difference of even and odd is always odd.
i.e. f(x1) ¹ f(x2) when x1 is even and x2 is odd.
i.e. x1 ¹ x2 Þ f(x1) ¹ f(x2)
Hence f is one-one function. ...(A)
For Onto
Q f(x) = x – 1 if x is odd
f(x) = x + 1 if x is even
Þ " even number y ÎWc $ odd number (y + 1) ÎWd as f pre image and " odd number
y Î Wc we have even number (y – 1) Î Wd as f pre image.
Hence f is onto function ...(B)
A and B implies that f is one-one and onto function
i.e. f is invertible function.
Examination Papers – 2014 571
a+x y z
13. L.H.S = x a+y z
x y a+z
Applying C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 , we get
a+ x+ y+z y z
= a+ x+ y+z a+y z
a+ x+ y+z y a+z
1 y z
= (a + x + y + z) 1 a+y z
1 y a+z
Apply R1 ® R1 – R 2 , we get
0 –a 0
= (a + x + y + z) 1 a+y z
1 y a+z
Expanding along R1, we get
= (a + x + y + z) {0 + a (a + z – z)} = a2(a + x + y + z)
14. Given
x = a cos q + b sin q
dx
Þ = – a sin q + b cos q … (i)
dq
Also y = a sin q – b cos q
dy
= a cos q + b sin q … (ii)
dq
dy
dy dq a cos q + b sin q
\ = = [From (i) and (ii)]
dx dx – a sin q + b cos q
dq
dy a cos q + b sin q
Þ =
dx b cos q – a sin q
dy x
Þ =– ... (iii)
dx y
Differentiating again w.r.t.x, we get
dy æ –xö
2 y – x. y – xç ÷
d y dx = – è y ø
=–
dx 2 y 2
y2
d2y y2 + x2
=– ... (iv)
dx 2 y3
Examination Papers – 2014 573
d2y dy æ y2 + x2 ö æ xö
Now y2 –x + y = y2 ç – ÷ – x ç– ÷ + y [From (iii) and (iv)]
dx 2 dx è y 3
ø è yø
–y2 – x2 x2 x2 x2
= + + y = –y – + + y=0
y y y y
15. Given xm yn = (x + y)m + n
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log xm yn = log (x + y)m + n
Þ log xm + log yn = (m + n) log (x + y) [By law of logarithm]
Þ m log x + n log y = (m + n) log (x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x we get
m n dy m + n æ dy ö m m + n æ m + n n ö dy
+ . = ç1 + ÷ Þ – =ç – ÷.
x y dx x + y è dx ø x x + y è x + y y ø dx
mx + my – mx – nx æ my + ny – nx – ny ö dy
Þ =ç ÷.
x( x + y) è ( x + y). y ø dx
my – nx my – nx dy dy y
Þ = ´ Þ =
x( x + y) y( x + y) dx dx x
16. Here f(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 3
Let x = 3 and dx = .02 \ x + dx = 3.02
By definition, we have approximately
f ( x + dx) – f ( x)
f ¢ (x) =
dx
f ( 3 + . 02) – f ( 3)
Þ f ¢ (3) = [Putting x = 3 and dx = .02]
. 02
f ( 3.02) – f ( 3)
Þ f ¢ (3) = ... (1)
. 02
Now f(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 3
Þ f ¢(x) = 6x + 5 Þ f ¢(3) = 23
Also f(3) = 3 × 32 + 5 × 3 + 3 = 27 + 15 + 3 = 45
Putting in (1) we get
f (3.02) – 45
23 =
. 02
Þ f(3.02) = 23 × .02 + 45 = 45.46
OR
3 4
Here, f(x) = x – 4x3 – 45x2 + 51
2
Þ f ¢(x) = 6x3 – 12x2 – 90x
Þ f ¢(x) = 6x(x2 – 2x – 15)
= 6x(x + 3) (x – 5)
574 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
For (– ¥, –3)
f ¢(x) = +ve×–ve×–ve×–ve = –ve
i.e. f(x) is decreasing in (– ¥, –3)
For (– 3, 0)
f ¢(x) = +ve×–ve×+ve×–ve = +ve
i.e. f(x) is increasing in (– 3, 0)
For (0, 5)
f ¢(x) = +ve×+ve×+ve×–ve = –ve
i.e. f(x) is decreasing in (0, 5)
For (5, ¥)
f ¢(x) = +ve×+ve×+ve×+ve = +ve
i.e. f(x) is increasing in (5, ¥)
Hence f(x) is (a) strictly increasing in (–3, 0) U (5, ¥)
(b) strictly decreasing in (– ¥, –3) U (0, 5)
x cos –1 x
17. Let I=ò dx
1 – x2
1 1
Let cos–1x = z Þ – dx = dz Þ dx = - dz
2
1– x 1 - x2
\ I = – ò cos z. z dz
= – (z . sin z – ò sin z dz + c)
Equating we get
2A = 3 and A + B = –2
3 3 7
Þ A= and B = –2 – = –
2 2 2
3 7
Now, I = ò ìí ( 2x + 1) – üý x 2 + x + 1 dx
î2 2þ
3 7
= ò ( 2x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 dx – ò x 2 + x + 1 dx
2 2
3 7
Þ I = I1 – I2 ... (i)
2 2
Where, I1 = ò ( 2x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 dx and I2 = ò x 2 + x + 1 dx
Now, I1 = ò ( 2x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 dx
Let x2 + x + 1 = z Þ (2x + 1) dx = dz
Þ I1 = ò z dz
1
+1
z2 2
= + c1 = z 3/2 + c1
1 3
+1
2
2 3
I1 = (x2 + x +1) 2 + c1 ... (ii)
3
Again I2 = ò x 2 + x + 1 dx
1 æ1 ö2 1
= ò x 2 + 2 . x. + ç ÷ – + 1 dx
2 è 2ø 4
2
1 2 æ 3ö
=ò æç x + ö÷ + ç ÷
è 2ø è 2 ø
2
1æ 1ö 2 1 æ 3ö 1 2
I2 = çx + ÷ x + x+1 + ç ÷ . log x + + x + x + 1 + c 2 ... (iii)
2è 2 ø è
2 2 ø 2
Putting value of I1 and I2 from (ii), (iii) in (i), we get
3 7 1 21 1
I = ( x 2 + x + 1) 2 – æç x + ö÷ x 2 + x + 1 – log æç x + ö÷ + x 2 + x + 1 + c
4è 2ø 16 è 2ø
[where c = c1 + c 2 ]
18. The given differential equation is
(x2 – yx2) dy + (y2 + x2y2) dx = 0
Þ x2(1 – y) dy + y2 (1 + x2) dx = 0
Þ x2 (1 – y) dy = –y2 (1 + x2) dx
(1 – y) (1 + x 2 )
Þ dy =– dx
y2 x2
576 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
æ 1 1ö æ 1 ö
Þ ç 2 – ÷ dy = – ç 2 + 1÷ dx
èy yø èx ø
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Now, [ a + b b + c c + a ] = ( a + b ) . {( b + c ) ´ ( c + a )}
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= ( a + b ) .{b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ c + c ´ a}
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= ( a + b ) .{b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ a} [Q c ´ c = 0]
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= a .( b ´ c ) + a .( b ´ a ) + a .( c ´ a ) + b .( b ´ c ) + b .( b ´ a ) + b .( c ´ a )
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= [ a b c ] + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + [b c a ] [By property of scalar triple product]
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
= [ a b c ] + [ a b c ] = 2[ a b c ]
® ® ®
=2×0=0 [Q[ a b c ] = 0]
® ® ® ® ® ®
Hence, a + b , b + c , c + a are coplanar
® ® ® ® ® ®
Only if part: Let a + b , b + c , c + a are coplanar.
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ [ a + b b + c c + a] = 0
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ).{( b + c ) ´ ( c + a )} = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ).{b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ c + c ´ a} = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a + b ).{b ´ c + b ´ a + c ´ a} = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ a .( b ´ c ) + a .( b ´ a ) + a .( c ´ a ) + b .( b ´ c ) + b .( b ´ a ) + b .( c ´ a ) = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ [ a b c ] + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + [b c a ] = 0
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 2[ a b c ] = 0 [Q [ a b c ] = [b c a ]]
® ® ®
Þ [a b c] = 0
® ® ®
Hence, a , b , c are coplanar.
OR
® ®
a + b = (i$ + j$ + k$) + (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) = 2i$ + 3j$ + 4k$
® ®
a – b = (i$ + j$ + k$) – (i$ + 2j$ + 3k$) = – j$ – 2k$
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®
\ Perpendicular vector of ( a + b ) and ( a – b ) = ( a + b ) ´ ( a – b )
= ( 2i$ + 3j$ + 4k$) ´ (– j$ – 2k$)
i$ j$ k$
= 2 3 4
0 -1 -2
® ® ® ®
\ Required unit vector perpendicular to ( a + b ) and ( a – b )
–2i$ + 4j$ – 2k$ –2i$ + 4j$ – 2k$
= =
(–2) 2 + 4 2 + (–2) 2 4 + 16 + 4
i$ j$ k$
r r
b1 ´ b 2 = ( 2 i$ - j$ + k) ´ ( 3i$ - 5 j$ + 2 k$) = 2 -1 1 = 3 i$ - j$ - 7 k$
3 -5 2
r r
|b1 ´ b 2|= 9 + 1 + 49 = 59
Hence, the shortest distance between the given lines is given by
r r r r
(b1 ´ b 2 ) × ( a 2 - a1 ) 3- 0+7 10
d= r r = = units.
|b1 ´ b 2| 59 59
22. Let the number of red card in a sample of 3 cards drawn be random variable X. Obviously X
may have values 0,1,2,3.
26
C3 2600 2
Now P(X = 0)= Probability of getting no red card = 52
= =
C3 22100 17
P(X = 1)= Probability of getting one red card and two non-red cards
26
C1 ´ 26 C 2 8450 13
= 52
= =
C3 22100 34
P(X = 2)= Probability of getting two red card and one non-red card
26
C 2 ´ 26 C1 8450 13
= 52
= =
C3 22100 34
26
C3 2600 2
P(X = 3)= Probability of getting 3 red cards = 52
= =
C3 22100 17
Hence, the required probability distribution in table as
X 0 1 2 3
2 13 13 2
P(X)
17 34 34 17
Examination Papers – 2014 579
2 13 13 2
\Required mean = E(X) = Sp i x i = 0 × +1´ +2´ + 3´
17 34 34 17
13 26 6 13 + 26 + 12 51 3
= + + = = =
34 34 17 34 34 2
23. According to question,
3x + 2y + z = 2200
4x + y + 3z = 3100
x + y + z = 1200
The above system of equation may be written in matrix form as
AX = B Þ X = A–1 B where
é 3 2 1ù é xù é 2200 ù
A = 4 1 3 , X = y , B = ê 3100ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 1 1 1 úû êë z úû êë 1200 úû
3 2 1
A = 4 1 3 = 3(1 - 3) - 2( 4 - 3) + 1( 4 - 1) = -6 - 2 + 3 = -5 ¹ 0
1 1 1
i.e., A–1 exist
Now, A11 = (1 – 3) = –2, A12 = – (4 – 3) = –1, A13 = (4 – 1) = 3,
A21 = – (2 – 1) = –1, A22 = (3 – 1) = 2, A23 = – (3 – 2) = –1
A31 = (6 – 1) = 5, A32 = – (9 – 4) = –5, A33 = (3 – 8) = –5
T
é -2 -1 3 ù é -2 -1 5 ù
\ Adj (A) = -1 2 -1 = ê -1 2 -5ú
ê ú
ê ú ê ú
êë 5 -5 -5úû êë 3 -1 -5úû
é -2 -1 5 ù é 2 1 -5 ù
1 1 ê 1
\ A–1 = (Adj A) = -1 2 -5 ú = ê 1 -2 5 ú
|A| -5 ê ú 5ê ú
êë 3 -1 -5úû êë -3 1 5 úû
\ X = A–1 B.
é xù é 2 1 -5ù é 2200 ù é xù é 4400 + 3100 - 6000 ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 1 -2 5 ú ê 3100ú Þ ê yú = 1 ê 2200 - 6200 + 6000 ú
ê ú 5ê úê ú ê ú 5ê ú
êë z úû êë -3 1 5 úû êë 1200 úû êë z úû êë -6600 + 3100 + 6000úû
é xù é 1500 ù é xù é 300ù
Þ ê yú = 1 ê 2000ú Þ ê yú = ê 400 ú
ê ú 5ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 2500úû êë z úû êë 500 úû
Þ x = 300, y = 400, z = 500
i.e., ` 300 for tolerance, ` 400 for kindness and ` 500 for leadership are awarded.
One more value like punctuality, honesty etc may be awarded.
580 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
24. Let r and h be radius and height of given cylinder having volume V. If S is surface area then
éQV = pr 2 hù
S = 2prh + pr 2 ê ú
ê h= V ú
êë pr 2 úû
V 2V
Þ S = 2pr. + pr 2 Þ S= + pr 2
pr 2 r
dS 2V h
Þ = – 2 + 2 pr
dr r
dS
For extremum value of S, =0 r
dr
2V 2V
Þ – 2 + 2 pr = 0 Þ 2pr =
r r2
2V V
Þ r3 = Þ r3 =
2p p
2
d S 4V
Again = + 2p
dr 2 r 3
d 2 Sù
Now, ú = +Ve
dr 2 û r3 = V
p
V
Hence, for r3 = S is minimum.
p
Therefore, for minimum value of surface area
V pr 2 h
r3 = Þ r3 = [QV = pr 2 h]
p p
r3
Þ =h Þ r=h
r2
i.e. radius = height
p x tan x
25. Let I = ò dx …(i)
0 sec x + tan x
a a
As ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx
0 0
p ( p - x) tan ( p - x)
\ I=ò dx
0 sec ( p - x) + tan ( p - x)
p ( p - x) tan x
=ò dx …(ii)
0 sec x + tan x
p
Þ 2I = p ( p - 2) Þ I= ( p - 2)
2
26. Given curves are
x2 y2 x y
+ = 1 and + = 1
9 4 3 2
We have
2 2
y1 = 9 - x 2 and y 2 = ( 3 - x) Y
3 3
So, area of required region Q(0, 2)
3 2 3
= ò ( y1 - y 2 ) dx = ò [ 9 - x 2 - ( 3 - x)] dx P(3, 0)
0 3 0 X¢ X
O x
2 3 x2
= ò [ ( 3) 2 - x 2 - ( 3 - x)] dx 3 + y
3 0 9 + y2 2 =1
3
4 =1
2 éx 9 x x2 ù
= ê 9 - x2 + sin - 1 - 3x + ú Y¢
3 ë2 2 3 2 û0
=
2 é 9 ´ p - 9 + 9 - 0ù = 2 æç 9p - 9 ö÷ = æç 3p - 3ö÷ sq units.
3 êë 2 2 2 úû 3 è 4 2ø è 2 ø
27. Equation of plane containing the point (1, –1, 2) is given by
a(x – 1) + b (y + 1) + c (z – 2) = 0 ... (i)
Q (i) is perpendicular to plane 2x + 3y – 2z = 5
\ 2a + 3b – 2c = 0 ... (ii)
Also (i) is perpendicular to plane x + 2y – 3z = 8
\ a + 2b – 3c = 0 ... (iii)
From (ii) and (iii)
a b c
= =
-9 + 4 -2 + 6 4 - 3
a b c
Þ = = = l (say) Þ a = –5l, b = 4l, c = l
–5 4 1
Putting these values in (i) we get
–5l (x – 1) + 4l(y + 1) + l(z – 2) = 0
Þ –5 (x – 1) + 4(y + 1) + (z – 2) = 0
Þ –5x + 5 + 4y + 4 + z – 2 = 0
Þ –5x + 4y + z + 7 = 0
582 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
12
2y
\ 2x + y £ 12
=
11
20
8
\ 3x + 2y £ 20
+
7
y=
shades is, 5
Z = 25x + 15y. 4 B (4, 4)
y³0 …(v)
The feasible region (shaded) OABC determined by the linear inequalities (ii) to (v) is shown
in the figure. The feasible region is bounded.
Let us evaluate the objective function at each corner point as shown below:
Corner Points Z = 25x + 15y
O ( 0, 0) 0
A ( 6, 0) 150
B ( 4, 4) 160 Maximum
C ( 0, 10) 150
We find that maximum value of Z is ` 160 at B ( 4, 4). Hence, manufacturer should produce
4 lamps and 4 shades to get maximum profit of `160.
29. Let E1, E2, E3 and A be events such that
E1 = Selection of scooter drivers
E2 = Selection of car drivers.
E3 = Selection of truck drivers.
A = meeting with an accident.
2000 1 4000 1 6000 1
P(E1 ) = = , P(E2 ) = = , P(E 3 ) = =
12000 6 12000 3 12000 2
1
P(A/E1) = 0.01 =
100
3
P(A/E2) = 0.03 =
100
15
P(A/E3) = 0.15 =
100
P(E 3 ). P( A / E 3 )
P(E3/A) =
P(E1 ). P( A / E1 ) + P(E2 ). P( A / E2 ) + P(E 3 ). P( A / E 3 )
1 15
´
= 2 100
1 1 1 3 1 15
´ + ´ + ´
6 100 3 100 2 100
15
200 15 600 45
= = ´ =
1 1 15 200 52 52
+ +
600 100 200
E 45 7
Therefore, required probability = 1 - P æç 3 ö÷ = 1 – =
èAø 52 52
OR
Let number of diamond cards be taken as random variable X. X may have values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Here, p = probability of drawing diamond card in one draw
584 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
13 1
= =
52 4
\ q = probability of drawing non diamond card in one draw
1 3
=1– =
4 4
Here, drawing a card is "Bernoullian trails" therefore we can apply P(X = r) = n C r pr qn–r
where n = 5.
(i) P (getting all the five cards diamond) = P(X = 5)
1 5 3 0 1 5 1
= 5 C5 p5 . q 0 = 5 C5 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ = æç ö÷ =
è 4ø è 4 ø è 4ø 1024
(ii) P (getting only 3 cards diamond) = P(X = 3)
1 3 3 2 45
= 5 C 3 p 3 . q 2 = 5 C 3 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ =
è 4ø è 4 ø 512
(iii) P (getting no card diamond) = P(X = 0)
1 0 3 5 243
= 5 C 0 . p 0 q5 = 5 C 0 ´ æç ö÷ ´ æç ö÷ =
è 4ø è4ø 1024
SET–II
p/ 4
9. I = ò sin 2x dx
0
p
cos 2x ù 4 1 p
=–é = – é cos - cos 0ù
êë 2 úû 0 2ëê 2 úû
1 1
= – [0 – 1] =
2 2
®
10. PQ = (4 – 1) i$ + (5 – 3) j$ + ( 6 – 0) k$ = 3 i$ + 2j$ + 6k$
3i$ + 2j$ + 6k$ 3i$ + 2j$ + 6k$ 3 $ 2 $ 6 $
\ Required unit vector = = = i+ j+ k
32 + 22 + 62 49 7 7 7
x+l 2x 2x
19. L.H.S. = 2x x+l 2x
2x 2x x+l
5x + l 2x 2x
= 5x + l x+l 2x [Applying C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ]
5x + l 2x x+l
1 2x 2x
= (5x + l) 1 x+l 2x [Taking out (5x + l) common from C1 ]
1 2x x+l
Examination Papers – 2014 585
1 2x 2x
= (5x + l) 0 l-x 0 [Applying R 2 ® R 2 - R1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R1 ]
0 0 l-x
Expanding along C1 , we get
= (5x + l) ( l - x) 2 = R.H.S.
20. Given e x + e y = e x + y
Differentiating both sides we get
dy ì dy ü
e x + e y. = e x + y í1 + ý
dx î dx þ
dy dy dy
Þ ex + ey . = ex+y + ex+y. Þ (e x + y - e y ) = e x - e x +y
dx dx dx
dy
Þ (e x + e y - e y ) = ex - ex - ey [Q e x + e y = e x + y (given)]
dx
dy dy ey
Þ ex . = -e y Þ =- x
dx dx e
dy dy
Þ = - e y- x Þ + e y- x = 0
dx dx
21. Given differential equation is
dy
+ 2 tan x. y = sin x
dx
dy
Comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = 2 tan x, Q = sin x
2 tan xdx
\ I. F. = e ò
2
= e 2 log sec x = e log sec x = sec 2 x [Q e log z = z]
Hence general solution is
y. sec 2 x = ò sin x. sec 2 x dx + C
y .sec 2 x = ò sec x . tan x dx + C Þ y. sec 2 x = sec x + C
Þ y = cos x + C cos 2 x
p
Putting y = 0 and x = , we get
3
p p
0 = cos + C . cos 2
3 3
1 C
0= + Þ C = -2
2 4
\ Required solution is y = cos x - 2 cos 2 x
x- 3 y -5 z -7 x+1 y +1 z +1
22. Let = = =l and = = =k
1 -2 1 7 -6 1
Now, let’s take a point on first line as
586 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
p
2a a
2
sec 2 xdx
Þ I = pò 2 2 2
[using ò f ( x) dx = 2ò f ( x) dx]
0 a + b tan x 0 0
SET–III
9. i$ ´ ( j$ + k$) + j$ ´ ( k$ + i$) + k$ ´ (i$ + j$)
= i$ ´ j$ + i$ ´ k$ + j$ ´ k$ + j$ ´ i$ + k$ ´ i$ + k$ ´ j$
®
= k$ - j$ + i$ - k$ + j$ - i$ = 0
1
2
10. I = ò x e x dx
0
dz
Let x2 = z Þ 2x dx = dz Þ x dx =
2
Also x = 0 Þ z = 0, x = 1 Þ z = 1
1
1 z
2 ò0
\ I = e dz
1 z 1 1 1 1
= [e ] 0 = ( e - e 0 ) = (e – 1)
2 2 2
588 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
96 2 46 2 -55 ö 2 96 2 + 46 2 + 55 2
= æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ + æç ÷ =
è 49 ø è 49 ø è 49 ø 49 2
9216 + 2116 + 3025 14357 7 293 293
= 2
= = = units
49 49 49 7
Examination Papers – 2014 589
dx sin ( a + y - y)
Þ =
dy cos 2 ( a + y)
dx sin a
Þ =
dy cos 2 ( a + y)
2
dy cos ( a + y)
\ =
dx sin a
a2 bc ac + c 2
22. L.H.S. D = a 2 + ab b2 ac
ab b 2 + bc c2
Applying C1 ® C1 + C 2 - C 3
0 c a+c
D = abc 2b b a
2b b + c c
Taking 2b from C1
0 c a+c
2
D = 2ab c 1 b a
1 b+c c
Applying R 2 ® R 2 - R 3
0 c a+c
2
D = 2ab c 0 -c a-c
1 b+c c
= 2ab 2 c( ac - c 2 + ac + c 2 )
D = 2ab 2 c( 2ac) = 4a 2b 2 c 2 = R.H.S.
28. Let side of square be a units and radius of a circle be r units.
It is given,
k - 4a
\ 4a + 2pr = k where k is a constant Þ r =
2p
2 2
Sum of areas, A = a + pr
Examination Papers – 2014 591
2
é k - 4a ù 1
Þ A = a2 + p ê 2
ú = a + 4p ( k - 4a)
2
ë 2 p û
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dA 1 2 ( k - 4a)
= 2a + × 2 ( k - 4a) . ( -4) = 2a - …(i)
da 4p p
dA
For minimum area, =0
da
2 ( k - 4a)
Þ 2a - =0
p
2 ( k - 4a)
Þ 2a =
p
2 ( 2pr)
Þ 2a = [As k = 4a + 2pr given]
p
Þ a = 2r
Now, again differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x
d2A 2 8
2
= 2 - ( -4) = 2 +
da p p
d2A 8
at a = 2p, 2
=2+ >0
da p
\ For ax = 2r , sum of areas is least.
Hence, sum of areas is least when side of the square is double the radius of the circle.
p/ 4 sin x + cos x
29. Let I = ò dx
0 9 + 16 sin 2x
Here, we express denominator in terms of sin x - cos x which is integral of the numerator.
We have, (sin x - cos x) 2 = sin 2 x + cos 2 x - 2 sin x cos x = 1 - sin 2x
Þ sin 2x = 1 - (sin x - cos x) 2
p/ 4 sin x + cos x
\ I=ò dx
0 9 + 16 {1 - (sin x - cos x) 2}
p/ 4 sin x + cos x
Þ I=ò dx
0 25 - 16 (sin x - cos x) 2
Let sin x - cos x = t. Then,
d (sin x - cos x) = dt
Þ (cos x + sin x) dx = dt
p
Also, x = 0 Þ t = sin 0 - cos 0 = - 1 and x =
4
p p
Þ t = sin - cos = 0
4 4
0 dt
\ I=ò
-1 25 - 16t 2
592 Xam idea Mathematics–XII
1 0 dt 1 0 dt
Þ I=
16 ò- 1 25
= ò- 1 2
- t 2 16 æç 5 ö÷ - t 2
16 è 4ø
0
é 5 ù
ê +t ú
1 1 4
Þ I= × ê log ú
16 æ 5 ö 5
2ç ÷ ê -t ú
è 4ø ë 4 û-1
1 é æ 1 / 4 öù
Þ I= ê log 1 - log çè 9 / 4 ÷ø ú
40 ë û
1 é æ 1 öù 1
Þ I= êë 0 - log çè 9 ÷ø úû = 40 log 9
40
zzz