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Technical Guide For Egg Production Introduction in ...
Technical Guide For Egg Production Introduction in ...
INTRODUCTION
1
Prerequisites for establishing egg production project
3
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Laying period
Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Egg producers buy chicks at point of lay, which is between 504,570.00 555,027.00 610,529.70 671,582.67 738,740.94 812,615.03 893,876.53 983,264.19
seventeen (17) to eighteen (18) weeks old. At this age, few hens will 1,444,070.00 1,999,097.00 2,609,626.70 3,281,209.37 4,019,950.31 4,832,565.34 5,726,441.87 6,709,706.06
start laying eggs immediately. 170,962.57 188,058.83 206,864.71 227,551.19 250,306.30 275,336.93 302,870.63 333,157.69
54,559.00 58,650.93 63,049.75 62,695.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
However, at around the 21st week, majority of the hens will start 279,048.42 308,317.24 340,615.24 381,336.39 488,434.63 537,278.10 591,005.91 650,106.50
laying eggs through to 44 weeks (11months) old after which the flock 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19
will be replaced. Should egg-laying start when hens or pullets are too 259,107.23 288,376.05 320,674.05 361,395.20 468,493.44 517,336.91 571,064.72 630,165.31
fat or before they are fully physically and sexually mature at 20 18,302.86 14,210.94 9,812.12 5,083.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
240,804.37 274,165.11 310,861.93 356,311.81 468,493.44 517,336.91 571,064.72 630,165.31
weeks or five (5) months of age, the overall performance during the 36,120.66 41,124.77 46,629.29 53,446.77 70,274.02 77,600.54 85,659.71 94,524.80
laying period will be affected resulting in fewer eggs produced. 204,683.71 233,040.35 264,232.64 302,865.04 398,219.43 439,736.37 485,405.01 535,640.51
sunlight on egg trays or nests, poor ventilated houses and 72,861.87 72,861.87 72,861.87 67,778.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
very high temperatures in and outside the poultry house, 293,225.13 430,261.28 588,504.07 775,157.54 1,055,249.53 1,363,567.56 1,702,934.22 2,076,454.39
In Botswana the most common disease to layers is Newcastle Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Disease. Layers are bought at 18 weeks of age and are assumed to 333,891.94
10.65
365,070.18
11.71
399,366.24
12.88
437,091.90
14.17
478,590.14
15.59
524,238.20
17.15
574,451.06
18.86
629,685.21
20.75
have been vaccinated against most diseases. Therefore, it is 31,357.24 31,168.48 30,996.88 30,840.87 30,699.05 30,570.12 30,452.92 30,346.36
advisable for farmers to request for a vaccination history from the 1,600.37 1,590.74 1,581.98 1,574.02 1,566.78 1,560.20 1,554.22 1,548.78
Average breakeven It should be noted that water and feed consumption records are
Eggs 32,548.19 dozens/ yr 32,549
excellent indicators of flock health.
Flock size 1,661.15 hens 1,662
MARKETING ISSUES
A proper market survey is essential as that will enable the 540.00 540.00 540.00 540.00 540.00 540.00 540.00 540.00
farmer to identify the current and emerging markets where 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00 2,160.00
eggs can be sold at a higher price. 144.00 144.00 144.00 144.00 144.00 144.00 144.00 144.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
7,128.00
179.69
promotions, packaging and value adding. These activities are 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00 1,400.00
essential as they will lead to selling large volumes of products 810.00 810.00 810.00 810.00 810.00 810.00 810.00 810.00
as quickly as possible resulting in the farmer making a lot of 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19 19,941.19
profit.
110,473.00 121,520.30 133,672.33 147,039.56 161,743.52 177,917.87 195,709.66 215,280.62
Grading: Eggs should be graded by size and labeled according to 15,972.00 17,569.20 19,326.12 21,258.73 23,384.61 25,723.07 28,295.37 31,124.91
weight. During selection and grading, care must be applied to ensure 14,374.80 15,812.28 17,393.51 19,132.86 21,046.14 23,150.76 25,465.84 28,012.42
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recommended egg sizes 162,929.37 177,011.35 192,501.52 209,540.72 228,283.83 248,901.26 271,580.43 296,527.52
➢ Size 3 weighs less than 55g but not less than 45g 20.00 44.00 48.40 53.24 58.56 64.42 70.86 77.95
2,250.00
35.64
4,950.00
39.20
5,445.00
43.12
5,989.50
47.44
6,588.45
52.18
7,247.30
57.40
7,972.02
63.14
8,769.23
Quality: Farmers should always ensure that their products are in 711.31 1,564.89 1,721.38 1,893.51 2,082.86 2,291.15 2,520.27 2,772.29
good quality before they start selling them. The rate at which quality 1,357.62 1,493.38 1,642.72 1,806.99 1,987.69 2,186.46 2,405.11 2,645.62
333,891.94
188,058.83
365,070.18
206,864.71
399,366.24
227,551.19
437,091.90
250,306.30
478,590.14
275,336.93
524,238.20
302,870.63
574,451.06
333,157.69
629,685.21
trays or nests, improper feeds, poor ventilated houses, very high
temperatures and poor management. The quality of an egg Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
65,340.00
483,153.00
71,874.00
531,468.30
79,061.40
584,615.13
86,967.54
643,076.64
95,664.29
707,384.31
105,230.72
778,122.74
115,753.80
855,935.01
127,329.18
Poultry house
Water
Hens drink clean water about thrice the amount of feed they
eat per day. Therefore, at point of lay they will require 0.348L
per hen/day. As such, farmers should ensure that there is a
reliable source of clean water.
7.5% interest rate payable over a period of 7 years. The
INFRASTRUCTURE principal loan amount covers the entire project establishment
and running costs for 12 months only. The guideline also
Electricity/Gas: It is essential to establish a poultry project assumes availability of land as owner’s contribution, borehole
where electricity or gas is available. Electricity or gas is drilling and equipping not included instead water will be
needed for providing light and heat to layers throughout the fetched from a nearby source and stored in a 10 000 liters
laying cycle. tank (see Appendix 1 attached).
Telephones: Telephone is vital means for marketing the The egg production financial projections (see Appendix 1) is
product to the current or potential consumers wherever they an outline of the project key assumptions, a budget of all the
are located. project’s requirement, summary of profit & loss, cash-flow
and breakeven.
Roads: It is advisable that a poultry farm should have good
and easy access to tarred or graveled roads to minimize The key assumptions of production could vary from project to
breakages. In addition, it will enable the farmer to transport project and project location. They include the project size,
inputs and outputs to and from the farm. production level, costs, prices and loan. The key assumptions
are also the basis of the financial projections in Appendix 1.
Market: Accessibility and availability of markets within the The budget of the entire project’s requirement assumes that
vicinity of the project is very crucial for the success of the project establishment will be six months long and point of lay
project. hens would be bought at the beginning of the eleventh
month. They will start laying marketable eggs at the eleventh
Variable Inputs month. Therefore, the revenue for the eggs sold during year 0
would be for one month only. The first hens would be six
Variable inputs required in egg production are feeds, months old at the end of year 0 and would be sold as spent
medication, protective clothing, casual labour, water and hens during year 1.
transportation. These variables, except labour, can be
sourced from the Ministry of Agriculture, hard-wares and The summary of Profit and Loss statement and cash-flow
stores specializing in agricultural inputs. indicate that the project will be able to repay the loan during
year one. The financial analysis of the project is based on a
2000 laying hens’ capacity and would breakeven at an
Capital required average of 1, 658 hens producing a total of 32,469 dozens a
year.
Establishing and running a project requires finance from the
owners and/or various financial institutions and government
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programs. This guideline has assumed acquisition of a loan
from Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) at