CHAPTER III: Science, Technology, and Society and the Human Condition

1. Is our reverence of science justified? Explain

When we say reverence, it is deep respect for someone or something. When it comes to
science, I can say that it is justified. Because the value of science is given importance in various
aspects and fields of society.

Considering the invasions and genius possessed by scientists. On a daily basis we do things
related to science. But most people say that not everything can be explained by science but only
by God who created. This means that science is given the right justification in the right place and
use.

2. Were we successful so far in trying to tie down technology with what we conceive as human
flourishing?

Probably, because man is too smart to think that he is thriving with the help of technology.
Many people today have become successful with the help of technology. I can say that there are
good results in tying technology to our lives so that people can prosper and develop in the right
way, not abused but used for the right purpose.

3. What do you think constitutes human flourishing?

The flourishing human is made up of ideas, decisions and actions that enable him to come
up with something. Man’s imagination vastly enables him to form something that will enrich him
more.

And if we continue flourishing, we must extend it into of those aspects of our decisions
and actions that we have neglected, the aspects that might promote our continued survival,
rather than mere extension of the aspects of the flourishing that we have explored so far, because
mere extension rather than expansion will kill us.

4. What would have happened to humankind if technology did not exist?

If technology does not exist the human kind will still be able to live. Life is simple,
everyone is equal, in terms of knowledge, and state of life. Everyone uses the equipment of a
simple person who does not use technology. Everyone will go through the hassle of how to make
something available like making fire, cooking and communication. In general, if technology did
not exist, the world would not be as easy and as prosperous as today

5. Do you agree with Martin Heidegger in his idea that technology should only be seen as one of
the approaches in perceiving truth?

In my point view, I disagree in his idea that technology should only be seen as one of the
approaches in perceiving truth. Because there are many aspects that must be considered in
discovering the truth like religion, society and other fields. Many will criticize and debate such
thinking and views. That is why there are still theories that have not been proven and have not
become a law.
6. What are other possible approaches we should consider?

There are many approaches that should be considered. In different aspects in different
fields importance should be given to what will be the impact on the principle of different
approaches to the discovery of truth. Like Society, People, and Bible approach, are one of the
bases, in perceiving truth, should be considered. Because every single approach is techniques on
how to discover the truth. It just goes to show that there are many arguments when it comes to
the disclosure of knowledge when it comes to truth. But ultimately it is also up to us how and who
we believe.

7. Have you ever measured using science, the truth and the good?

The question is, have I ever measured using science, the true and the good? not yet. but
if I look at what is seen in social media, online websites many also prove that science is measured
as good and truth. Just like the experiments that are done on short videos online showing that a
science can be truth.

For me, Science is not the whole truth. It does contain parts of truth, but it is not
entirely true. Science bases everything on explanations. And explanations have to begin with
assumptions. The assumptions give rise to hypotheses, which are tested experimentally to
form theories, if the tests are positive. The theories are explanations of observed phenomena.
That's how Science works…So it is mostly a trial-and-error process. After we find a good
theory, it is treated as fact to derive more theories.
Science is for explaining things which are observed. But if the assumptions made for the
explanation are itself incorrect or incomplete, we need a ‘better' theory. So, Science is always
changing. Science is actually a branch of philosophy, which includes more aspects of the reality.
So, you have put it well that Science is an explanation of what is observed. It does not include all
knowledge there is, so using it to explain something that is not observed is not Science. And by
observation, I mean ‘physical’ observation.

So, Science does not include the non-physical like God. It is better for scientists to say
that they cannot observe God, rather than saying that God does not exist. And same is the case
with all pseudoscience’s - they are not Science, but this does not mean they cannot be true...

8. What is Falsification Theory?

The Falsification Principle, proposed by Karl Popper, is a way of demarcating science from
non-science. It suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be
tested and conceivably proven false.

Falsification theory asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can
best explain a phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology.
Due to its hospitable character, the shift to this theory allowed emergence of theories
otherwise rejected by verification theory. For example, the hypothesis that "all swans are
white," can be falsified by observing a black swan

For Popper, science should attempt to disprove a theory, rather than attempt to
continually support theoretical hypotheses.
9. What it is like to have technology in before a common era?

In my point of view, it has been said in the study of technology in the past, that people
used the old science is the indigenous science which has become a way for man to adapt to his
environment. It has cultivated human research to shape the development of technology.
Through indigenous science various aids have been created to create more successful uses of
technology.

10. Is technology really matters to you?

Basically yes,

Technology serves a variety of purposes and means different things to different people.
In today’s world technology can be found at every corner. This is important to me Because
technology has made life earlier, hassle free for people like me who use technology every day.
Especially my daily routine as a working student. It is a purposeful, deliberate craft humans steer
in order to reach some greater good. Technology has improved communication, businesses,
education and Security. So, not only does technology matter to me but to everyone who uses it.

B. State a brief history or discovery that brought about the invention or discovery of the
things stated below. State their contributions in our scientific development.

A. GRAVITY
Is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. The force
of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around the sun.

Humans only recently (like in the last 300 years) realized what Gravity is all about.

Greek philosophers thought that the planets and stars were part of the gods' realm and followed
a "natural motion." They did not realize that Gravity is involved. The Greeks' ideas stuck around
until the 16th century

Beginning in the 1500s, though, astronomers like Galileo and Brahe discovered that the earth
and other planets revolved around the sun. Kepler showed that they moved in an elliptical orbit,
not a circle. The question was why.

Sir Isaac Newton -- The Discoverer of Gravity!

Albert Einstein -- The General Theory of Relativity

B. TELESCOPE
Device used to form magnified images of distant objects. The telescope is undoubtedly
the most important investigative tool in astronomy. It provides a means of collecting and
analyzing radiation from celestial objects, even those in the far reaches of the universe.470-390
BC – Chinese philosopher Mozi recorded the observations that concave mirrors can focus the
rays from the sun.

1593 - A Spanish man, in his will, bequeaths his telescope to his widow. Don Pedro de Carolona
in Barcelona Spain
 ➢ 1789 - William Herschel builds the largest telescope of the 18th Century.
➢ 1990 - The Hubble Telescope was launched into space.
➢ 2020 - The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is scheduled to achieve first light.

C. PROCESSED FOOD
In the 1950s, the first ready-made meal was put out into the market in the US. It was Swanson's
frozen turkey dinner and it came about because C.A. Swanson & Sons had overestimated how
many turkeys Americans were going to eat for Thanksgiving in 1953. It was an innovation
spawned out of surplus rather than shortages.

• 1910 Trans fats were invented in the 1890s and entered the food supply in the 1910s. Some
processed foods became available as early as the 1910s: Nathan’s hot dogs
• Aunt Jemima syrup
• Hellmann’s mayonnaise
• Oreo cookies
• Crisco
• Marshmallow Fluff

In the 1920s, women were growing weary of preparing foods from scratch, and ready-to-
cook foods were becoming more available. World War I brought about new methods of food
processing, including canned and frozen foods. Processed food ads promised to save time for
housewives. Gas stoves, electric refrigerators and other kitchen tools and appliances were in more
and more homes, so more types of food could be purchased and stored. Condiments opened
tastebuds to new flavors, thanks to the immigrants who introduced them

Processed foods from the 1920s:

• Baby Ruth candy bar

• Wonder Bread
• Yoo-Hoo beverage
• VanCamp’s canned pork and beans
• Reese’s peanut butter cups
• Welch’s grape jelly
• Popsicles
• Wheaties
• Kool-Aid
• Peter Pan peanut butter
• Velveeta cheese

In the 1930s, with the Great Depression looming, families had to get by with less, be
super-thrifty and stretch meals … reducing protein and adding more vegetables and beans.
Colonel Harland Sanders invented his secret formula, spicing the fried chicken at Sanders Court
and Café in Kentucky (a.k.a. Kentucky Fried Chicken).

Processed foods this decade:

Snickers Bar
 • 3 Musketeers
• Spam
• Kraft Macaroni & Cheese
• Ritz Crackers

1940 With World War II raging, the 1940s saw rationing to feed the fighting soldiers. After the
war, many new “convenience foods” were introduced (dehydrated juice, instant coffee, cake mix) … the
result of military research. Adding to convenience in the kitchen, Tupperware and Reynolds Wrap
aluminum foil were introduced.

Some 1940s foods: M&Ms, Pillsbury cake mix, Cheetos

1950 This decade was a low point for American cuisine. Fast food restaurants were
everywhere, and processed foods were mass distributed, thanks to the new highways. The
popularity of television, the invention of the remote control and the introduction of the first
microwave for home use didn’t exactly add to America’s health!

Processed foods invented in the 1950s:

• Swanson TV dinners
• Cheez Whiz
• Tang
• Sweet ‘n Low
• Diet Rite, the first diet soft drink
•

D. MICROSCOPE
Microscopes let us view an invisible world – the objects around us that are too
small to be seen with the naked eye. This timeline provides a look at some of the key
advances in microscopy.
First Microscope -Grinding glass to use for spectacles and magnifying glasses
was commonplace during the 13th century. In the late 16th century several Dutch lens
makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the
first device known as a microscope

Lens Improvement Later in the 16th century, Anton van Leeuwenhoek began polishing
and grinding lenses when he discovered that certain shaped lenses increased an image’s
size. The glass lenses that he created could enlarge an object many times. The quality of
his lenses allowed him, for the first in history, to see the many microscopic animals,
bacteria and intricate detail of common objects

Achromatic LensThe microscope was in use for over 100 years before the next major
improvement was developed.

Mechanical Improvements During the 18th and 19th centuries, many

changes occurred in both the housing design and the quality of
microscopes. Microscopes became more stable and smaller. Lens
 improvements solved many of the optical problems that were common in
earlier versions.

Modern Technology Improving Microscopy The invention of the microscope allowed

scientists and scholars to study the microscopic creatures in the world around them. When
learning about the history of the microscope it is important to understand that until these
microscopic creatures were discovered, the causes of illness and disease were theorized but still
a mystery.

E. RADIO
F. BENZENE RING
simplest organic, aromatic hydrocarbon and parent compound of numerous
important aromatic compounds. Benzene is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and is
primarily used in the production of polystyrene. It is highly toxic and is a known carcinogen;
exposure to it may cause leukemia. As a result, there are strict controls on benzene emissions.

Uses of benzene
At one time, benzene was obtained almost entirely from coal tar; however, since about
1950, these methods have been replaced by petroleum-based processes. More than half of the
benzene produced each year is converted to ethylbenzene, then to styrene, and then to
polystyrene. The next largest use of benzene is in the preparation of phenol. Other uses include
the preparation of aniline (for dyes) and dodecylbenzene (for detergents).

G. LARGE HADRON COLLIDER

story began in 1976 when the European particle physics community began to discuss building
a Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider at CERN. LEP was, of course, eventually built and installed in a
27 km tunnel, which today houses the LHC

The LHC first went live on 10 September 2008,[56] but initial testing was delayed for 14
months from 19 September 2008 to 20 November 2009, following a magnet quench incident that
caused extensive damage to over 50 superconducting magnets, their mountings, and the vacuum
pipe.

During its first run (2010–2013), the LHC collided two opposing particle beams of
either protons at up to 4 teraelectronvolts (4 TeV or 0.64 microjoules), or lead nuclei (574 TeV per
nucleus, or 2.76 TeV per nucleon). Its first run discoveries included the long-sought Higgs boson,
several composite particles (hadrons) like the χb (3P) bottomonium state, the first creation of
a quark–gluon plasma, and the first observations of the very rare decay of the Bs meson into
two muons (Bs0 → μ+μ−), which challenged the validity of existing models of supersymmetry.

H. GUNS
Historical timeline of the development of modern weapons starting at 1364 with
the first recorded use of a firearm and ending in 1892 with the introduction of
automatic handguns. 1364 - First recorded use of a firearm. 1380 - Hand guns are known
across Europe. 1400s - The matchlock gun appears.
I. INTERNET
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like
nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the
stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities.

The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the
creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. ... ARPANET
adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the
“network of networks” that became the modern Internet.

J. CELLPHONES
Mobile phones were invented as early as the 1940s when engineers working at
AT&T developed cells for mobile phone base stations. The very first mobile phones were
not really mobile phones at all. They were two-way radios that allowed people like taxi
drivers and the emergency services to communicate

1983 - 1990

The first ever mobile phone call was made by Dr Martin Cooper, a
Motorola employee, in New York using a prototype Dyna TAC
phone. Cooper called his friend who worked at rival AT&T. The
phone weighed over a kilogramme and took 10 hours to charge!

1983

The first mobile phone goes on sale in the shape of the Motorola
DynaTAC 8000X. It cost an eye-watering $4000 USD.

1991 – 1994

Dawn of Consumer Handsets

GSM first launched in Europe 1991 with the Orbitel TPU 900 first to
market, but it wasn't until 1992 that mobiles were no longer
restricted to business use

1995 – 1998

A Splash of Colour
Although it only offered four colours, the Siemens S10 brought mobile
phone displays to life for the first time in 1997

1999 – 2002

Growth of the Feature Phone

1999 saw Nokia unveil the 7110 which was the first device to take
advantage of WAP (a means of accessing information over a mobile
wireless network).
 2003 – 2006

Mobile Data Revolution

The implementation of 3G took download speeds up to 2MBS in March 2003 with "3" the
first to offer the service in the UK. RIM brought mobile email to the masses with its range of
popular BlackBerry devices like the 8100 Pearl.

2007 – 2010

Getting Smarter
Swiping and scrolling replaced the traditional button method of input. The LG Prada being
the first touchscreen to market ahead of the Apple iPhone in May 2007.

2011 – 2014

Life Companion
Smartphones became increasingly central to modern life, offering much more than just
communication features. The UK’s first 4G service launched in 11 cities by EE in 2012 taking
download speeds up to 12mbps. Voice recognition became common place first with Google Voice
before Apple launched Siri into the market.

2015 - 2018

Size Matters
The global adoption of 4G vastly improves video streaming and video calling capabilities.
Screen sizes continue to grow to maximize the experience of these features, with the iPhone 7
Plus

Present Day

The Superfast World

EE launches the UK’s first 5G service in 6 cities throughout May 2019. The fifth-generation
network promises vastly superior data speeds and reliability, boosting ultra-high-resolution video
streaming and mobile gaming.

C. Brainstorming. Try to determine the possible alternatives to growth and development. List
down several ways to promote sustainable living and start a mini-campaign advocating the
method of your choice.
Sustainability is not a choice but a necessity.
1.Recycle - Recycling is one the best things you can do to promote sustainability.
Recycling and buying products made with recycled materials has many far-reaching
benefits. By cleaning up your house and recycling your old household trash, you instantly
get a cleaner house and some extra cash. Buying products with recycled materials
completes the loop. Recycling reduces pressure on raw materials, reduces mining, and
the fuel and other costs associated with extracting, transporting and processing minerals.
You also save valuable landfill space.

2. Conserving energy - Cutting your utility bill doesn’t necessarily require an upfront investment
and there are really some simple tricks to it. If you are seeing high electric bills or water bills, try
to find out if you have been wasting energy or water through faulty wiring, leaking pipes or
faucets, insufficient insulation and old appliances. You can save on energy bills significantly if you
insulate your house and replace all your faulty appliances and fittings. Also remember to turn off
your lights and air-conditioning when you leave the room. Little things like unplugging your
appliances while not in use or closing your windows when heat or air conditioning is on, makes a
big difference in the long run to save energy, reduce environmental footprints, and will also show
up as a reduction on your bills. On a larger scale and over a longer period of time, it will help us
reduce the global impact and carbon footprints globally.

D. Create a comic. Try to imagine the world without technology, how do you think your
day-to-day life would be like? Do this by illustrating a scenario where a certain
technological innovation does not exist. Below are examples you could use:
A. Watch b. Phone C. Light bulbs d. Cars e. Printing Press f. Electricity

I imagine that our daily life without technology, the world is very simple, very quiet, peaceful, no noise,
but no progress in the state of our works.

But if the present era has suddenly lost the technology, we are accustomed to, is not an easy one.

Such as Electricity, Watches, Phones, Light Bulbs, cars, printing press, are just a few of the important
things that greatly help our lifestyle. Human life depends on the technology with which his world
revolves 24 hours. Because of technology things are very easy to reach and find out with just a touch of
our fingers.

Basically, if there is no Technology and we don’t know it. The world is making no progress, we continue
to be arbitrary with things. We will continue to dig into the things that need the help of technology.
There are advantages and disadvantages to every lack and excess that we use. Man is responsible for his
actions. Whether we get used to having or not having technology we should learn to be a responsible
person.