Chapter II

Review of related studies

2.1 Reviews of related studies

There are many researches that have been related to jargon before. First,

Wahyuni (2015), entitled “Computer Jargon In “PC WORLD” Magazine”.

She used observational methods and non participant technique are used to

observe the language users. She found for of jargon in “PC WORLD”

magazine.

Second, Abbas Asriani (2009) entitled “Jargon Linguistik sebagai

Dinamika Perkembangan Kebahasaan pada Kalangan Pekerja Salon di Kota

Makassar” He examines the jargon used by beauty shop workers in terms of

linguistik. From the results of the study he found the use of salon workers'

jargon in Makassar City is very varied. There are seven types of vocabulary

variations, namely vocabulary which states cold attitude, polite attitude, rigid

attitude, bland attitude, warm attitude, friendly attitude, and relaxed attitude. ,

concluded that the presence of variations in the vocabulary is caused by

environmental, social, and psychological factors.

And third, Khotimah (2014), entitled “Jargon kedokteran dalam Medika

Jurnal kedokteran Indonesia” She used descriptive qualitative method in her

 research. She found the form of medical jargon can be categorized based on

the process of estabilishing the terms and source or origin of language and the

meaning of the medical jargon meaning clasified based on the type of

meaning of term.

Those three studies above used the same problem have been discussed

about jargon. In this research, the writer analyzes about the jargon used in

mobile gamers community in “Jones Bar-Bar” Whatsapp group. The writer

uses qualitative methods in his research and the writher uses O’grady theory

in analyzing

2.2 Definition of key terms

 Jargon refers to the specialized language of a professional or

occupational group. While this language is often useful or necessary

for those within the group, it is usually meaningless to outsiders

(Thoughtco.com)

 Gamer is a person who plays games (merriam-webster.com)

 Gamers community is a community dedicated to gaming

(urbandictionary.com)

 WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware, cross-platform messaging and

Voice over IP (VoIP) service owned by Facebook, Inc. It allows users

to send text messages and voice messages, make voice and video
 calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other media

(wikipedia)

 Watsapp group is one of Whatsapp chat feature which allows you to

to either send the same message to multiple contacts without typing it

again and again, and have conversation with a group of friends

(tomsguide.com)

2.3 Theoritical framework

2.3.1 Sociolinguistic

Sociolinguistic(often called a functional linguistics,and a cross

disciplinary study) of which terms was first coined in 1950’s to try to bring

together the perspectives of linguists and sociologists to bear on issues

concerning the place of language in society, and to address the social contexts

of linguistic diversity.

Sociolinguistics is the field that studies the relationship between language

and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which

the  users of language live. It is the field of study that assumes that human

society is  made up of many related patters and behaviours, some of which

are linguistic (Spolsky, 1998: 3).

 In the study of sociolinguistics, language is not only understood as sign

systems, but it also seen as social system,communication system, an as a part

of the culture of a particular society. Sociolinguistics examines the interplay

of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the

key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of

sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing.

2.3.2 Jargon

Jargon is the technical terminology or characteristic of a special activity

or group. Jargon is usually not understood by people from other group or

activity but the jargon is not confidental. Another motive jargon that

communication within the group is unknown and with intent concealed from

the other groups, for example for the needs of medical situations and many

others.

Jargon used in a speech event spesific and in a particular speech

community. Situations and circumstances and social identity of speakers very

influentialon the use of jargon. Through the use of jargon, the speakers did

not want a confidental, therefore they did not separate themselves from

society, they just want to express themselves in other ways.

Jargon usually develops within a field or a particular group. We often

hear the term of jargon, especially in the media with the use of foreign words
in expressing something. O’grady (1997:523) states that “Jargon are often

used almost interchangeably to refer to obscure or secret language or

language of a particular occupation group”. The phrase that is is used often

can not by the general public or people outside the group. However, these

expressions are not confidental. A community must have the desire to

differentiate itself with other communities. The language used in the

community in addition to distinguishing characteristic also for intimacy and

confidentally in communication. So they created a new vocabulary and

agreed to be easily understood in communicating.

2.3.2.1 Form of jargon

1.Abbreviation

Bailey (2006:121) states that “Abbreviation is the process of cutting

pattern of one or several parts lexeme or combination lexeme making new

forms of status word”. It means the process of cutting words or letters making

a new word. For example : GG=Good Game

2. complex words

A morphologically complex word is semantically transparent if its

meaning is obvious from its parts: hence 'unhappiness' is semantically

transparent, being made up in a predictable fashion from 'un,' 'happy,' and

'ness.' A word like 'department,' even though it contains recognizable

morphemes, is not semantically transparent. The meaning of 'depart' in

'department' is not obviously related to the 'depart' in 'departure.' It is

semantically opaque." (Trevor A. Harley, The Psychology of Language:

From Data to Theory. Taylor & Francis, 2001). For another example : Flank=

circling the enemy in a certain direction to surround them, usually used in

war genre games

3.Contextual Meaning

Contextual meaning is a linguistic meaning in context. (Longman,

1992). For example the meaning of a word is in a sentence or a sentence is in

a paragraph.The sentence "do you know the meaning of war?" Has two

different contextual meanings. The first contextual meaning in the question

sentence, "do you knowthe meaning of the word war is?" The question

sentence changes if expressed by a teacher to the students in the class. While

the second contextual meaning is "war produces death, injury, and suffering",

if expressed by a war-wounded soldier to politicians who support the war.

4.Argot

in the narrow sense was the language “used by beggars and thieves in

medieval France” (Bussmann, 1998, p. 85); more broadly, it is “any

specialized vocabulary or set of expressions used by a particular group or

class and not widely understood by mainstream society” (Bussmann, 1998,

p. 85).

Thus, it is possible to speak about the argot of thieves, the argot of

underworld, or the argot of lower class. An example of Parisian argot is piaf

(bird; sparrow) – the standard French word for “bird” is “oiseau“.

“Cant” is another term which is synonymous to argot, but is used less

frequently.

2.3.2.2 Meaning

O’grady (1996:275) states that:

“ Meaning must be something that exist in the mind

rather than the word and that it must be more abstract
than pictures and that there is more to it than just
features ”.

It means meaning is something abstract, more abstract than pictures and

understanding or concept in a word or sentence.

2.3.3 Context

Context (language use), the relevant constraints of the communicative

situation that influence language use, language variation and discourse

summary. In this case, the speakers will understand a text if they also

understand the context that accompanies the text.