Topic: CATARACT

CUES OBJECTIVES CONTENT STRATEGY TIME EVALUATION

ALLOTMENT
Subjective: General Objectives: Definition: Present the 15-25 mins The presentors
Patient complains At the end of the Cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye which could topic in a will conduct a
of having blurred discussion, affect one’s vision. On visual inspection, the nurse is scheduled Q&A portion after
vision and participants will be expected to see lens that appears gray or milky. Most zoom meeting the discussion to
decreased visual able to understand cataracts develop slowly and don't disturb the patient’s with a evaluate
acuity and glare, and gain knowledge eyesight early on. But with time, cataracts will eventually Powerpoint understanding of
with difficulty to regarding cataract interfere his/her vision. Presentation the topic
see at night. specially for elderly.
How it forms:
Objective: Specific objectives: The lens, where cataracts form, is positioned behind the
 Presence of At the end of the colored part of your eye (iris). The lens focuses light that
cataract discussion, passes into your eye, producing clear, sharp images on the
 Patient’s eye participants will be retina — the light-sensitive membrane in the eye that
lens appears able to define functions like the film in a camera.
cloudy cataract, explain how
 Both pupils it forms, identify the As you age, the lenses in your eyes become less flexible,
appear to types, causes, signs & less transparent and thicker. Age-related and other medical
look gray. symptoms, conditions cause tissues within the lens to break down and
preventive measures, clump together, clouding small areas within the lens.
treatment, and what
are the things a As the cataract continues to develop, the clouding
patient is not allowed becomes denser and involves a bigger part of the lens. A
to do after a cataract cataract scatters and blocks the light as it passes through
surgery. the lens, preventing a sharply defined image from
reaching your retina. As a result, your vision becomes
blurred.

Types and causes of cataract:

Age-Related Cataracts - develops as a symptom of old
age, especially in those who have smoked or had
significant exposure to ultraviolet light. It is one of the
most common types of cataracts.
Congenital Cataracts - develops when something
interferes with the normal growth of a fetus. Children of
mothers who take certain medications and cortisone-type
drugs or contract the German measles or rubella during
pregnancy often suffer from cataracts.
Secondary Cataracts - this type of cataract can sometimes
develop after a patient has had cataract surgery to remove
their original cataracts. During the cataract surgery, the
inner contents of the eye lens, including particles of the
cataract, are broken down to be removed. Sometimes tiny
particles of the cataract are unintentionally left behind and
over time will form a film over the lens, causing same or
similar symptoms as the original cataract.
Traumatic Cataracts – these forms after injury to the eye.
Blunt force or penetration of the lenses causes damage to
the fibers and as a result, one’s vision becomes blurry and
clouded.

Signs and symptoms:

 Clouded, blurred or dim vision
 Increasing difficulty with vision at night
 Sensitivity to light and glare
 Need for brighter light for reading and other activities
 Seeing "halos" around lights
 Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens
prescription
 Fading or yellowing of colors
 Double vision in a single eye

Prevention:
No studies have proved how to prevent cataracts or slow
the progression of cataracts. But several strategies may be
helpful, including:

Have regular eye examinations - eye examinations can

help detect cataracts and other eye problems at their
earliest stages. Consult your doctor on how often you
should have an eye examination.
Quit smoking – smoking is one of the greatest contributing
factors to cataract.
Manage other health problems - follow your treatment
plan if you have diabetes or other medical conditions that
can increase your risk of cataracts.
Choose a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits and
vegetables - adding a variety of colorful fruits and
vegetables to your diet ensures that you're getting many
vitamins and nutrients. Fruits and vegetables have many
antioxidants, which help maintain the health of your eyes.
Wear sunglasses - ultraviolet light from the sun may
contribute to the development of cataracts. Wear
sunglasses that block ultraviolet B (UVB) rays when
you're outdoors.
Reduce alcohol use - excessive alcohol use can increase
the risk of cataracts.

Treatment:
When a cataract is first detected, the patient can attempt to
offset the side-effects with brighter lights, new glasses, or
even a magnifying glass.

The most common treatment for cataracts in elderly

patients is surgery. Cataract surgery is a quick and easy
procedure that be performed in an outpatient setting.
During surgery, the cloudy lens is removed through a
small cut made in the eye and replaced with a man-made
lens. Cataract surgery can be done in a number of ways —
including using special tools, ultrasonic energy to break
up the lens and suction to remove the pieces. The most
popular method of cataract surgery, as of late, is laser
surgery, which allows for a greater degree of precision.

Typically, if the patient has cataracts in both eyes, one eye

will be corrected at a time.

Tips for Post-Cataract Surgery:

Although most people can resume everyday activities 24
hours after cataract surgery, there are a few instructions
that you will be asked to follow. They include:

 Don’t do any strenuous activities for a few weeks

 Don’t drive
 Follow your doctor’s orders regarding any antibiotic
and anti-inflammatory eye drops
 Stay away from dusty areas
 Don’t rub your eye
 Don’t swim
 Don’t wear make-up

Reference:
 https://nurseslabs.com/cataract/
 https://www.vistareye.com/the-4-types-of-cataracts-
and-their-causes/
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/cataracts/symptoms-causes/syc-20353790
 https://www.griswoldhomecare.com/blog/2014/januar
y/cataracts-in-elderly-patients/
 https://visioneyeinstitute.com.au/eyematters/cataract-
surgery-post-surgical-guide/