PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

School Sanitation and Hygiene Education in

Guwahati, Assam

With Support of

Habitat for Humanity India

102/103 Dhantak Plaza
Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai – 400 059
Tel.: +91-22-67846868

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Contents

1. Project summary and highlights

2. Introduction
3. Background of the Project
4. Planned activities
5. Results of the project
6. Stakeholders engagement
7. Sustainability Strategy and Plans
8. School Students Responses

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1- Project summary and highlights

School Sanitation and Hygiene Education across 5 schools in

Project Name
Guwahati, Assam
State: Assam
District: Kamrup Metro
Project Location
Location: Guwahati

• To construct new units and repair existing school sanitation

blocks under School Sanitation and Hygiene Education
(SSHE)
• To facilitate sessions of behavior change communication for
the school students and staff in all 5 schools on use of toilet,
Project Objectives hand wash and general hygiene practices
• To distribute hygiene kits to students
• To install incinerators in schools with adolescent girls
• To supply sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in schools for
a period of 6 months

Primary Sector WATSAN (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene)

Project Intervention School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE)
Beneficiaries 2,816 students of 5 schools across Guwahati, Assam
1. Constructed 5 new sanitation units in 5 schools
2. Repaired 4 sanitation units
3. Distributed 3000 hygiene kits to students
4. Distributed 60,000 sanitary napkins and 200 reusable
Project Results pads to adolescent girls in the 5 schools
5. Behavior change activities conducted across the 5
schools for students and teachers.
6. Installed 7 incinerators and 7 napkin vending machines for
schools with adolescent girls.
September 2018 – September 2019
Project Period
Project was completed by January 2020
Reporting Period September 2018 – January 2020
Type of Report Completion Report
Submitted to UTI Mutual Funds
Submitted by Habitat for Humanity India

Ms. Maria Peres, Senior Manager, Corporate Partnerships

Project Contact

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2 – Introduction
School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE), is globally recognised as a key
intervention to promote children’s right to health and clean environment and to influence a
generational change in health promotion behaviour and attitudes.1 SSHE intertwines with the
United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SSHE comes under SDG 4 ;
Quality Education and SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.2

WASH is the collective term for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Due to their interdependent
nature, these three core issues are grouped together to represent a growing sector.3 Water
(W) focuses on the availability and access to water, quality of water and the journey to the
water. Sanitation (S) includes access and use of basic toilets, Solid-liquid waste
management and overall facilitating community led initiatives for better sanitation. The body
of work on hygiene (H) is aimed at inculcating and nurturing good practices which lead to
better health. This includes behaviours changing activities and spreading awareness among
the community for better long term sustainability.

The current project supported by UTI Mutual Funds was aimed at imparting hygiene and
sanitation education to students and teachers of 5 schools in the city of Guwahati, Assam
along with equipping the schools with the infrastructure to support education and information
dissemination. The project witnessed the transformation of the existing infrastructure of the
schools with repairs undertaken as well to restore/ bring up to the standard the existing
sanitation structures in the (4) schools along with additionally supporting them with the
construction of new sanitation structures in 5 schools.

Within the project, the behavioral change communication (BCC) activities were also carried
out which targeted better hygiene behavior and was dedicated to imparting education and
awareness on sanitation and hygiene. All students were distributed hygiene kits to equip
them with the necessary tools for better hygiene. Menstrual hygiene sessions were also
conducted to educate adolescent girls about the importance of proper care and good
hygiene during menstruation period along with education on menstruation and menstrual
cycle. Sanitary napkins were distributed to the schools with populations of adolescent girls.
Reusable sanitary pads were also distributed to 200 students. Incinerators for proper
menstrual product disposal and pad vending machines for better availability and accessibility
of hygiene products to the girls were also installed in schools.

1
https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/423
2
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
3
https://www.unicef.org/wash/3942_3952.html

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3 – Background of the Project
Improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene education in schools could provide safe
drinking water, build good sanitary facilities and establish appropriate hygiene habits. The
impacts of such improvements include: 4
1. Improved primary school attendance, health and cognitive development;
2. Greater girls’ participation in school;
3. Positive hygiene behaviours that may last for life;
4. Outreach to families and communities, through participation of students in hygiene
promotion;
5. Greater equity in school.

The global effort to achieve sanitation and water for all by 2030 is extending beyond the
household to include institutional settings, such as, schools, healthcare facilities and
workplaces. This has been reinforced by global education for all strategies highlighting how
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools improves access to education and learning
outcomes, particularly for girls, by providing a safe, inclusive and equitable learning
environment for all. 5

In the context of India, WASH in schools was incorporated in the District Primary Education
Programme (DPEP), introduced in 1994. From 1994, it became a major component in a
range of water and sanitation programmes. This has helped in shedding light on children’s
health by ensuring basic WASH facilities in schools. In 2000, DPEP was renamed in Sarva
Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA). It was government of India’s flagship programme for the
universalization of Elementary Education. SSA sought to strengthen infrastructure through
the provision of additional classrooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grants and
school improvement grants. In April 2009, the Government of India passed the Right to
Education (RTE) Act which laid down the norms and standards (including drinking water and
sanitation) for school buildings. It mandated separate toilets for boys and girls and safe &
adequate drinking water for all children. The National Water Policy mandates the provision
of access to clean drinking water in schools across the country as well. Jalmani programme,
a component of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme was geared towards meeting
water quality challenges in rural schools. Under Jalmani, the installation of water purification
systems in rural schools was started in 2008. In December 2011, Supreme Court of India
ruled that “It is imperative that all schools must provide toilet facilities”. Recently, TSC was
revised and rebranded into the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan which renewed focus on the
condition of WASH in Indian schools, particularly in the rural parts.

Location: Guwahati, Assam

Guwahati is the largest city in the state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in northeast
India. The city falls under the Kamrup Metropolitan district in Assam and Dispur, the capital
of Assam is in the circuit city region located within Guwahati. The city of Guwahati has 31
municipal wards.

4
https://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/UNICEF_WASH_for_School_Children_South_Asia_Report.pdf
5
https://data.unicef.org/resources/wash-in-schools/

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Objectives of the Project:

1. To construct new units and repair existing school sanitation blocks under School
Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE)
2. To facilitate sessions of BCC for the school students and staff in all 5 schools on use
of toilet, hand wash and general hygiene practices
3. To distribute hygiene kits to students
4. To install incinerators in schools with adolescent girls
5. To supply sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in school for a period of 6 months

Project beneficiaries:

The project beneficiaries are the students of the five schools of Guwahati. The list of schools
is below:
S. No Name of School Location Total students
1 St. Joseph High School Azara 1,000
2 Railway Higher Secondary School Maligaon 806
3 Bengali Higher Secondary School Paltan Bazaar 200
4 Khanamukh Lower Primary School Jalukbari 100
5 Tarini Choudhury Govt. Girls High School Silphukuri 710
Total no of students 2,816

At project inception, the Gopal Boro Higher Secondary School was included in the list
against the present, TC Girls High School. During the project implementation, several
challenges led to a revision in the list of schools with approval from the donor. The reasons
for the revision of identified school is
- Available land provided by the school management was not conducive for the
construction.
- Non-availability of another spot/space for the construction of Sanitation units.

4 - Planned Activities

Following activities were done under this project as per the plan;

a. Situational analysis and Baseline study

Meetings were held with the school authorities in the pre-project phase and the needs and
requirements of the schools were identified. Based on this, a list of schools was prepared
and submitted to the donor for final selection and approval. The list of schools was prepared
keeping in mind – 1.The existing condition of the sanitation facilities 2. The number of
students and number of sanitation facilities available; 3. The existing gaps and need of each
school.

A baseline study was conducted post project conception for the project wherein information
on the status of existing sanitation facilities was recorded. Furthermore, the awareness and
the needs of the students and teachers were also recorded.

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 b. Construction

The construction of the project was implemented directly by Habitat India through
independent local contractors under the supervision of Habitat India’s technical as well as
program staff. Through the entire process, capacity building was done for the local
contractors. The contractors were oriented on the construction standards and rules of
Habitat India and also on safety procedures and protocols. Regular monitoring visits were
carried out to check on the quality of construction along with the progress.

All construction activities were conducted after obtaining due permissions from the school
managements. The construction schedule was designed in a manner to minimize obstruction
to school activities, schedule and examinations. Care was taken for safety and security of all
workers and personnel involved in the construction along with the safety and security of all
students and teachers. The bulk of construction activities were carried out during school
breaks to minimize hindrance to the construction process and to the students and teachers.

b.1 – New Construction

New sanitation units were conceptualized, designed and constructed in all five schools. The
sanitation units were designed keeping in mind the needs of the students, requirement in the
school and the existing space available. Soil and water testing was conducted before
construction and feasibility was determined. Based on this detailed budget was prepared.

The newly constructed sanitation units have the following facilities: water closets,
urinals (for boys), water taps inside the toilets, wash basins for hand-washing with slabs and
water tanks for water storage and connection. The units for girls also have an additional
changing room for changing napkins and clothes. The room also has mirrors.

Photographs of the new units constructed in all the schools are given below:

Name of School Photographs of new unit

Railway Higher
Secondary
School

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St. Joseph High
School

T.C Government
Girls Higher
Secondary
School

Khanamukh
Lower Primary
School

Bengali Higher
Secondary
School

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b.2 – Repair work

Repair work was undertaken in four of five schools in the project. The list of the four schools
is given below:
1. TC Government Girls Higher Secondary School
2. Railway Higher Secondary School
3. Bengali Higher Secondary School
4. Khanamukh Lower Primary School

The repair work was carried out after reviewing the existing sanitation structures in the
school. Repair work for St. Joseph School was not undertaken as the existing sanitation
structure was found to be adequate and in working condition.

The repair work was also carried out under the supervision of the Habitat India Technical
Staff. Detailed assessments and measurements were done to ascertain repair scope and
budget for each school.

Photographs of the sanitation units’ pre-intervention and post intervention:

Before After
Name of School : TC Government Girls Higher Secondary School

Name of School: Bengali Higher Secondary School

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 Name of the School: Khanamukh Lower Primary School

Name of School: Railway Higher Secondary School

b.3 – BaLA Painting and Hoardings

BaLA or Building as Learning Aid is a concept of developing the school’s physical

environment as a learning aid. It is intended to maximize the educational ‘value’ of a built
space. It is based on the concept of ‘how children learn’. Through this project, the physical
structure of the schools and the toilets were used as learning aids. The idea was to use the
physical space to complement the teaching process and to use the spaces are necessary
refreshers of the awareness and education imparted to the children through the BCC
activities.

Large hoardings were also installed in the premises which show the 12 step hand-washing
technique. The hoardings serve as a reminder to the students and teachers in the school on
the importance of hand-washing and the proper hand-washing technique. The hoardings
also sensitize the students who in the coming years will be joining the school as students.
They are installed to sustainably promote hand-washing among school-going children.

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 c. Behavior Change Communication (BCC) –

c.1 Training of Trainers – ToT

Habitat for Humanity India conducted Training of Trainers (ToT) sessions for 30 members on
12th December 2018. Through the session, school teachers and scholars (community
members) were trained as sanitation and hygiene education trainers. They were equipped
with the necessary knowledge to disseminate information further to the students of the five
schools.

Date Trainer No of Participants Venue

12/12/2018 Ms. Sophia Joseph 30 Bosco Reach Out, Ulubari
Materials BCC Modules. Files, pens, note books and other print out related to BCC
provided

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 c. 2 Details of BCC sessions and trainings conducted in the Village

Name of the No. of

Date of BCC School No. of female No. of male
Total Teacher
sessions participants participants
for TOT
th
8 Feb 2019 Railway H/S 200 200 400 11
st
21 Feb 2019 St. Joseph 250 250 500 8
th
8 March 2019 Bengali H/S 80 70 150 11
th Gopal Boro
20 March 2019 250 250 500 11
H/S
st
21 May 2019 T/C H/s 500 na 500 13

11h June 2019 Railway H/S 400 na 400 12

th
11 June 2019 TC. H/S 100 na 100 3
th
MHM 28 May
TC 50 50 1
2019

Total 1,830 770 2,600 70

Comprehensive BCC sessions were conducted in each school. The various methods used
were:
- Rallies
- School Assembly affirmations on health practices
- Group discussions
- Painting competitions
- Quiz competitions
- Presentations
- Cartoons
- Large demonstrations and others.

Photographs from BCC sessions in the schools are given below:

BCC session conducted at Gopal Boro Higher Secondary School, Ganeshguri.

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 ToT Session at Bengali Higher Secondary School

Hand-Wash session at Railway Higher Secondary School

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 MHM session at Railway School

MHM session at Railway H/S School

Hand-Wash Session at St. Joseph School

d. Incinerators and Vending Machines

7 incinerators and 7 vending machines were installed across four schools which have
student population consisting of adolescent girls. The four schools are:
- St. Joseph School
- Railway Higher Secondary School
- Bengali Higher Secondary School
- T.C. Government Girls Higher Secondary School

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All schools apart from Bengali Higher Secondary School have received 2 incinerators and 2
sanitary napkin vending machines as the population of adolescent girls were higher and
hence there was a bigger need.

A sanitary napkin incinerator is a machine used to dispose used sanitary napkins safely.
Used sanitary napkins are often disposed of in dustbins or open surfaces or in drains which
often lead to contagious diseases or choked sewer lines. These installed incinerator
machines help in resolving the problem of disposal. Incinerators are especially useful in
school environments as there are usually a large number of pads used in a day and hence
disposal becomes a problem.

The sanitary napkin vending machine is a small machine which can be wall mounted in
public washrooms which provide ease of accessibility and better availability of pads for those
in need.

Photo 1: Incinerator
Photo 2: Sanitary Napkin Vending Machine

e. Distribution of Sanitary Napkins, Hygiene Kits and Soaps

e.1 – Sanitary Napkins

60,000 Sanitary Napkins were distributed to the schools These can be distributed manually
or can be filled in the vending machines for the students can use it. The napkins were
purchased keeping in mind the size dimensions of the vending machines for ease of
dispensing.

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 Sanitary Napkin Distribution at St. Joseph School

e.2 – Hygiene Kits and Soaps

3000 hygiene kits were distributed to the students in the schools. The total student
population of 2,861 has received kits. The 139 additional kits were ordered keeping in mind
future requirements of the schools with regards to sanitation.

Additionally, 3000 Dettol Soaps were also distributed (separate from Hygiene Kits) to all
students to emphasize the need and importance of hand-wash and equip the students with
the necessary tool for the same.

Hygiene Kits Distribution Breakup:

Date School # Students

26th August’19 St. Joseph School 1,128

26th August’19 Khanamukh LP School 100

27th August’19 Railway H/S 872

27th August 19 Bengali H/S 200

29th August’19 Tc Govt. Girls H/S 700
Total 3,000

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 Students of St. Joseph School receiving their kits on 26th Aug 2019

Students of Khanamukh Lower Primary School receiving their kits on the 27th Aug 2019

5 - Results of the project

 Construction of 5 new sanitation units across five schools in Guwahati, Assam for
boys and girls.
 Repaired/renovated 4 existing structures across four schools (all except those at St.
Joseph School)
 5 changing rooms have been constructed inside the newly constructed units in all five
schools.
 3000 hygiene kits distributed to students across all five schools.
 Installation of 7 incinerators and 7 Sanitary Pad vending machines done for 4 schools
(All except Khanamukh Lower Primary School as it is a lower primary school)
 60,000 sanitary napkins distributed to four schools which can be either distributed
manually or can be used to re-load the sanitary napkin vending machine as well
ensuring continued usage for a period of 6 months.

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  200 reusable pads distributed to adolescent girls which are more environment
friendly and skin friendly.
 Large hoardings were installed near the gates and on the walls of the school which
demonstrate the 12 steps of hand wash. It was done to consistently remind the
students, teachers and the visitors to the school about the importance of Hand-wash
and the importance of proper hand-washing technique.
 Conducted two rounds of behavioral change activities for 6 schools (5 + 1 = 6 ; 1st
round of BCC also conducted for Gopal Boro Higher Secondary School which was
later removed from the list of school as project progressed). The sessions focused on
hand-wash (Importance, methods and the appropriate times), personal hygiene
(Importance of wearing clean clothes, baths, washing hands, clean hair and nails,
brushing etc.), sanitation (Importance of sanitation, how to maintain sanitation, proper
etiquettes, among other components), clean environment (importance of cleanliness
of house, personal space, public space, common / shared space and how to maintain
cleanliness, how to maintain cleanliness, proper social etiquettes etc.).
 Menstrual Hygiene Management sessions were conducted in four schools for
adolescent girls.
 2,816 students were reached out though this project. Hygiene education and
awareness on sanitation, cleanliness and hygiene was imparted through various
activities and modes of learning.
 The construction of new sanitation structures and repairing/renovation of old
sanitation units will bring better accessibility and availability of adequate and clean
sanitation facilities for the students of the schools.
 The BCC activities were conducted for better maintenance and usage of the toilets.
The learning will not only translate into better behavior at school but also in the
communities that the students and teachers belong to.
 Through menstrual hygiene management sessions, better MHM will be practiced by
the female students. Myth busting and dissemination of accurate information paves
way for better hygiene along with a healthier body image throughout their lives
among adolescent girls.
 School level management committees were formed for the purpose of – (i)
continuous promotion and awareness raising on good hygiene practices and better
sanitation in the school; (ii) maintenance and up-keep of the sanitation units in the
school; (iii) proper maintenance and usage of the vending machines and incinerators
will be done as the SMC is entrusted with the responsibility. The SMC was also
oriented and trained on the usage, repair and maintenance of the machines; and
finally (iv) ensuring availability and access to sanitary napkins in the school for
adolescent girls.
 The hoardings installed on the boundary walls of the schools also will consistently
remind the students about the importance of proper hand-washing technique as it
displays the 12 steps of proper hand-washing technique.

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6 - Stakeholders engagement
Stakeholder Engagement
School  Habitat India monitored and coordinated with the management of all
Authorities / schools and the contractors to ensure proper implementation of the
School project.
Sanitation  Coordination and support was extended to Habitat India for the
Management implementation of the Behavior change communication activities.
Committee  Teachers were chosen from each school to form sanitation
management committees (SMC). The SMC is responsible for the
maintenance and up-keep of the sanitation units and all components
related to WASH in the schools.
 Orientations were conducted for the school authorities on the
maintenance of the incinerators and the sanitary napkin vending
machines.
 Teachers organized and supported in rolling out of all awareness
sessions, hand-wash campaigns, MHM sessions, rallies, painting
competitions, distributions and all other related activities.
 Post handing over, the school authorities ensured that they take the
responsibility of the maintenance of infrastructure delivered through this
intervention.

7 - Sustainability Strategy and Plans

The SMC and the school management have been entrusted with the responsibility of the
maintenance and upkeep of the sanitation units (both new and repaired), incinerators,
vending machines, hoardings and all other collaterals.

BCC activities are aimed at bringing about a sustained change in sanitation practices and
hygiene behaviors. The provision of fully functioning and working sanitation units
compounded by the BCC activities addressed both the infrastructure and the mindset behind
using it.

The teachers and the staff of the schools were oriented on the design and structure of the
school sanitation units that were constructed in their school to ensure future maintenance
and up-keep. After the handing over of the toilets, the school management takes the
responsibility of maintaining the school sanitation units for not just their present students but
also students who will be enrolling in the future.

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8. School Students Responses

Name: Shiksha Devi

School: Bengali Higher Secondary School

“Earlier the doors of our school toilet were broken and

dirty. I used to feel insecure. I used to tell to my friend to
stand and wait for me near the door because I was
afraid that somebody might just push in. Today I am
very happy that this organization has constructed a
proper sanitation unit with changing room facilities, also
provided us sanitary pads and hygiene kits. The
hygiene training would really help us to adopt healthy
living and keep our school environment clean.”

Shiksha is a 16-year-old student studying in class IXth.

Name: Hiyamoni Deka

School: Khanamukh Lower Primary School

“Before the new units, we were sharing the same

toilet with boys and I was not comfortable with it. Now
we have separate toilets, and I feel so happy and
safe. I don’t have to share a toilet with the boys!”

Hiyamoni is a class IV student at the Khanamukh

Lower Primary School. She is 8 years old.

Name: Nikita Devi

School: Railway Higher Secondary School

“Earlier while coming to school, I used to usually control

myself not to go to toilets because of the unhygienic
condition of the facility. Sometimes during periods, I felt
uncomfortable to come to school.

Now new toilets have been constructed and they are

clean and modern. We have a napkin machine also in the
school and the soiled napkin can be burned directly in the
incinerator. Today, because of these new facilities, I feel
safe and secure and even when I have menstrual cycle I
can attend classes regularly as I know pads are always
available and the toilets are also clean.”

Nikita is a class IX student and is currently 15 years old.

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 Name: Banashree Das
School: St. Joseph School

“Earlier I needed a lot of patience to go and use

our school toilet. I used to put my handkerchief
over my nose and go. I would try to hurry out also
as soon as I could. So many students were in
queue in front of the washroom and there was
never a time the toilet was empty. Now after
repair and construction our toilets are cleaner
and more hygienic. We have more washrooms
with more facilities. This is all because of help by
Habitat for Humanity India and UTI.”

Banashree Das is currently 16 years old and is in

class Xth.

Name: Sumansita Bora

School: TC Government Girls High School

“Sometimes I used to get irritated when I had

to wait for so long even to pee. In irritation, I
used to go back to class without urinating but
ultimately most of the times I used to end with
stomach pain. Thanks to Habitat for Humanity
India and UTI there are more toilets now and
there is enough space for everyone to
peacefully relive themselves. The queue was
also not that long as well.

Sushmita is 15 years old and is currently in

Xth standard.

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9. Project Budget

Actual
Sr. Balance
Details Budget (Rs.) Expenditure
No. (Rs.)
(Rs.)
A Construction and related Costs
Need Assessment / Baseline Survey / Technical
1 150000 150000 0
Survey and Orientation of school authorities
Cost for construction of School Sanitation
2 3477500 2341620 1135880
Infrastructure
Unit cost for repairs of existing School Sanitation
3 800000 1350891 -550891
Infrastructure
4 Incinerators 280000 271671 8329
5 Ground Breaking / Handing Over Ceremony 125000 93980 31020
Behaviour Change Communication-Development
& Procurement of Training material - IEC Material
6 676720 466628 210092
and awareness sessions through painting, quiz
&and elocution competitions
Supply of Sanitary Napkins for 6 months in 4
7 542520 303699 238821
schools (Lump sum)
Hygiene Kits for the students (Tooth brush, Tooth
8 Paste, nail cutter, comb, hand wash, soap. Hand 307600 584828 -277228
sanitizer, hand towel)
Project Field related costs (Monitoring &
Evaluation site visits, Documentation, Reporting,
9 1082000 1082000 0
Evaluation, Personnel Costs, Communications
cost, Technical Consultancy fees)
Sub-Total A 7441340 6645317 796023
B Admin & Overheads Expenses 520894 520894 0
Contingency @5% of the construction and
C 213875 213875
repairs cost
Total Project Cost (A+B+C) 8176109 7166211.00 1009898

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