Answer the following questions:

1. What are the steps that consist of the data processing cycle?

Stages of the Data Processing Cycle:

1. Data Collection - The first step in data processing is data collection. Data is gathered
from various sources, such as data lakes and data warehouses. It's important that the
data sources used are reliable and well-constructed, so that the data obtained (and later
used as information) is of the highest possible quality.

2. Data Preparation - After the data has been compiled, the data processing stage
begins. The stage of data preparation, also known as "pre-processing," is when raw data
is cleaned up and processed in preparation for the next stage of data processing. Raw
data is thoroughly reviewed for errors during the preparation process. The aim of this
move is to get rid of bad data (data that is redundant, incomplete, or incorrect) and start
creating high-quality data for the best business intelligence.

3. Data Input - The clean data is then entered into its intended destination (such as a
CRM like Salesforce or a data warehouse like Redshift) and converted into a language
that it can comprehend. The first step in the transformation of raw data into usable
information is data input.

4. Processing - This stage involves actually processing the data that was entered into
the machine in the previous stage for interpretation. Machine learning algorithms are
used to process the data, but the process may differ slightly depending on the data
source (data lakes, social networks, connected devices, etc.) and the intended use of
the data (examining advertising patterns, a medical diagnosis from connected devices,
determining customer needs, etc.).
Data processing, manipulation of data by a computer. It includes the conversion of raw data to
machine-readable form, flow of data through the CPU and memory to output devices, and
formatting or transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations
on data can be included under data processingData processing, manipulation of data by a
computer. It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data through
the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation of output. Any use of
computers to perform defined operations on data can be included under data processing

There were no dividends in arrears for preference shares. During 2021, the following events
occurred:
a. Earnings during 2021 total P6,000,000. The board of directors declares a cash dividend totaling
P2,800,000 to be paid as appropriate and ordinary shareholders. Later, a share dividend of 10
percent is declared on ordinary shares. The market value of ordinary share is P68 per share on
the date the share dividend is declared.
b. In order to familiarize shareholders with on the company’s new products, the board declares a
property dividend of one ounce of new perfume the company produces for every ordinary share
outstanding (before the above share dividend). The cost of the perfume if P6 per ounce, and the
product has a wholesale market value of P10 per ounces. Any gain or loss on this transaction is
already included in the earnings reported above.
c. At the end of 2021, the board declares a three-for-two share split. With the split, the number of
ordinary shares authorized to be issued is increased to 1,500,000. At the date of the share split,
the marked value of ordinary share is P75 per share.