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Incorporating
Corrigenda Nos. 1
and 2

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National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of


EN 1993-1-10:2005, including Corrigendum December 2005. It supersedes
DD ENV 1993-1-1:1992, which is withdrawn.
NOTE Corrigendum No. 1 implements CEN Corrigendum December 2005, which adds “P” after
the clause number and replaces “should” with “shall” in 2.1(3).

The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for
each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel,
timber, masonry and aluminium, this is to enable a common date of
withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular
design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the
coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available.
Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national
calibration during which the national annex is issued, followed by a coexistence
period of a maximum 3 years. During the coexistence period Member States are
encouraged to adapt their national provisions. Conflicting national standards
will be withdrawn by March 2010 at the latest.
BS EN 1993-1-10 will partially supersede BS 449-2, BS 5400-3 and BS 5950-1,
which will be withdrawn by March 2010.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/31,
Structural use of steel, which has the responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any


enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK
interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on


request to its secretary.
Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the
national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text,
and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs
can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method
or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.
7KLV%ULWLVK6WDQGDUGZDV To enable EN 1993-1-10 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a
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National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after

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6WUDWHJ\&RPPLWWHHRQ public consultation has taken place.
0D\

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

16293 June 2006 See note in national foreword


Corrigendum No. 1
‹%6,
16569 September 2006 Revision of national foreword and
Corrigendum No. 2 supersession details

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This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i, a blank
page, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

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