Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (Class A Loading)

Assumptions and Limitations

1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input 2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Two Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 2
No.of main gird nm No. 2
Spacing of main gird sm m 5.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 20
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P P P R

c
sm sc
RA di RB
2b 2a
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Two Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.30667
Transverse section ey m 0.06279
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.79428
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.46844
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 13.2428
 3.49358
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 2.05

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1
0 2.68293 1

Girder DFs
1 0.63
2 0.37
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Three Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P P P R

c
sm sm sc sc

di2 2a
RA RB RC
2b
Longitudinal Direction
Transverse Direction Three Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
Transverse section ey m 0.117391
M.I.
4
M.I. longitudinal section IL m 0.661915
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.423832
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 11.036
 32.0606
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 2

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1
0 1.35 2.7 1
22.0303 -31.0606 16.0303 1.99685007

Girder DFs
1 0.45
2 0.36
3 0.19
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Four Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 4
Spacing of main gird sm m 2
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

R
P P P P R

c
sc sc
sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Four Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.575
Transverse section ey m 0.117391304
M.I.
4
M.I. longitudinal section IL m 0.60125
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.423831522
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 10.0246
 86.84
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 2.3

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1
0 0.86957 1.73913 2.60869565 1
49.42 -85.84 43.42 0 0.61413
98.84 -122.26 1 43.4200105 6.33163

Girder DFs
1 0.36
2 0.30
3 0.19
4 0.16
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input 2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Five Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 5
No.of main gird nm No. 5
Spacing of main gird sm m 1.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 5
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P P P R

c
sc sc sc sc
sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD RE L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Five Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.657143
Transverse section ey m 0.207692
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.543446
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.37601
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 9.06081
 202.041
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 2.3

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0.65217 1.30434783 1.95652 2.6087 1
107.021 -201.04 101.020655 0 0 0.10163
214.041 -295.06 1 101.021 0 3.15496
323.062 -377.08 8 1 101.021 15.0083

Girder DFs
1 0.30
2 0.25
3 0.19
4 0.14
5 0.12
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input 2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Two Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 2
No.of main gird nm No. 2
Spacing of main gird sm m 5.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 20
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P R

c
sm sc
RA RB
B L
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Two Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.306667
Transverse section ey m 0.062791
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.794275
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.468445
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
 s  EI
mπ   m 
4 L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 13.2428
 3.49358
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 1.595

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1
0 3.44828 1

Girder DFs
1 0.71
2 0.29
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Three Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P R

c
sm sm sc sc

L
RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction
Three Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
Transverse section ey m 0.117391
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.423832
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 11.036
 32.0606
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 1.545

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1
0 1.74757 3.49515 1
22.0303 -31.061 16.0303 2.91059551

Girder DFs
1 0.54
2 0.35
3 0.11
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Four Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 4
Spacing of main gird sm m 2
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

R
P P P P R

c
sc sc
sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Four Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.575
Transverse section ey m 0.117391304
M.I.
4
M.I. longitudinal section IL m 0.60125
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.423831522
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 10.0246
 86.84
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 1.845

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1
0 1.08401 2.16802 3.25203252 1
49.42 -85.84 43.42 0 1.25098
98.84 -122.26 1 43.4200105 8.9665

Girder DFs
1 0.43
2 0.31
3 0.16
4 0.10
Bakht Jaeger Method for Torsionless Bridges (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Developed for bridges with negligible torsional rigidities
2 Does not take into account longitudinal and transverse torsional stiffnesses

Flow Chart

Start

Input 2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT

Input m,be

Calculate k,

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

FIND DFs VALUES

END

Bakht Jaeger Method (Five Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 5
No.of main gird nm No. 5
Spacing of main gird sm m 1.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 5
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

R
P P R

c
sc sc sc sc
sm sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD RE L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Five Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.657143
Transverse section ey m 0.207692
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.543446
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.37601
Formula

k
mπ 4 EI L
2a 4

3
12  2a  EI T
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
k 9.06081
 202.041
Position of resultant load from left most girder be m 1.845

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0.81301 1.62601626 2.43902 3.25203 1
107.021 -201.04 101.020655 0 0 0.45653
214.041 -295.06 1 101.021 0 5.54523
323.062 -377.08 8 1 101.021 21.2539

Girder DFs
1 0.37
2 0.28
3 0.18
4 0.10
5 0.07
General Semicontinuum Method (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Two Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 2
No.of main gird nm No. 2
Spacing of main gird sm m 5.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 20
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P P P 4P

c
sm sc
RA RB
B L
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Two Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.30666667
Transverse section ey m 0.0627907
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.794275
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.46844477
Torsional inertia J m4 1.26271977
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
s 
mπ    EI L
4 m

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.02
 0.93
 0.34
Position of load from left most girder be1 m -0.6
be2 m 1.2
be3 m 2.9
be4 m 4.7

Matrix For DFs

1 1 0 0 4
-0.0182 1 0.92607 0.92606827 1.49091
1 -0.0182 -1.9081 0.05593376 2.08595
0.85035 0.14965 -2.946 0 1.95087

Girder Load DFs

1 2.3 0.58
2 1.7 0.43
General Semicontinuum Method (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Three Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P P P 4P

c
sm sm sc sc

L
RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction
Three Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.4893617
Transverse section ey m 0.1173913
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.66191543
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.42383152
Torsional inertia J m4 1.08574695
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
s 
mπ    EI L
4 m

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.04437
 3.96489
 3.40401
Position of load from left most girder be1 m -0.65
be2 m 1.15
be3 m 2.85
be4 m 4.65

Matrix For DFs

1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4
-0.02 0.50 1.00 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.48148
1.04 -0.04 0.00 -8.50 0.57 0.00 2.39369
4.13 0.91 -0.04 -16.43 -7.93 0.57 8.46776
-0.66 1.66 0.00 -13.60 0.00 0.00 1.72235
6.61 0.73 1.66 -50.98 -11.89 0.00 16.0145

Girder Load DFs

1 1.782 0.45
2 1.244 0.31
3 0.973 0.24
General Semicontinuum Method (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Four Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 4
Spacing of main gird sm m 2
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P P P 4P

c
sc sc
sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Four Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.575
Transverse section ey m 0.1173913
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.60125
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.42383152
Torsional inertia J m4 1.02508152
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.06594
 7.51062
 9.22018
Position of load from left most girder be1 m -0.35
be2 m 1.45
be3 m 3.15
be4 m 4.95

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4
-0.022 0.33333 0.66667 1 2.50353904 2.50354 2.50354 2.50354 1.53333
1.06594 -0.0659 0 0 -16.55793 1.5367 0 0 3.9625
4.19782 0.86812 -0.0659 0 -31.579164 -15.021 1.5367 0 6.7625
9.32971 3.86812 0.86812 -0.0659 -46.600399 -30.042 -15.021 1.5367 17.5625
-3.5441 4.54415 0 0 -27.141939 0 0 0 0
3.8515 0.60435 4.54415 0 -99.347581 -22.532 0 0 12.3314
23.6428 7.2087 0.60435 4.54415 -216.61693 -90.127 -22.532 0 46.8189

Girder Load DFs

1 1.927 0.48
2 0.97 0.24
3 0.602 0.15
4 0.501 0.13
General Semicontinuum Method (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Five Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 5
No.of main gird nm No. 5
Spacing of main gird sm m 1.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 5
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

P P P P 4P

c
sc sc sc sc
sm sm sm sm
Ra Rb Rc Rd Rc L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Five Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.65714
Transverse section ey m 0.20769
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.54345
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.37601
4
Torsional inertia J m 0.91946
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.09727
 13.2502
 24.1799
Position of load from left most girder be1 m -0.35
be2 m 1.45
be3 m 3.15
be4 m 4.95

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
-0.0243 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 1.53333
1.09727 -0.0973 0 0 0 -30.53 4.02998 0 0 0 8.02222
4.29182 0.80545 -0.0973 0 0 -57.031 -26.5 4.02998 0 0 7.75556
9.48637 3.80545 0.80545 -0.097274 0 -83.531 -53.001 -26.5 4.02998 0 15.4889
16.6809 8.80545 3.80545 0.80545198 -0.0973 -110.03 -79.501 -53.001 -26.5 4.02998 31.2222
-10.993 11.9927 0 0 0 -51.841 0 0 0 0 0
-3.409 0.41636 11.9927 0 0 -183.18 -39.751 0 0 0 10.0447
16.7583 6.83271 0.41636 11.9926548 0 -394.03 -159 -39.751 0 0 42.9114
55.5092 25.2491 6.83271 0.41635595 11.9927 -684.37 -357.76 -159 -39.751 0 110.978

Girder Load DFs

1 1.945 0.49
2 1.146 0.29
3 0.337 0.08
4 0.301 0.08
5 0.272 0.07
General Semicontinuum Method (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Two Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 2
No.of main gird nm No. 2
Spacing of main gird sm m 5.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 20
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P 2P

c
sm sc
RA RB
B L
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Two Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.30666667
Transverse section ey m 0.0627907
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.794275
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.46844477
Torsional inertia J m4 1.26271977
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.02
 0.93
 0.34
Position of load from left most girder be1 m 0.63
be2 m 2.56
be3 m 0
be4 m 0

Matrix For DFs

1 1 0 0 2
-0.0182 1 0.92607 0.92606827 0.58
1 -0.0182 -1.9081 0.05593376 1.06977
0.85035 0.14965 -2.946 0 0.84696

Girder Load DFs

1 1.35 0.68
2 0.65 0.33
General Semicontinuum Method (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Three Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P 2P

c
sm sm sc sc

L
RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction
Three Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.4893617
Transverse section ey m 0.1173913
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.66191543
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.42383152
Torsional inertia J m4 1.08574695
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.04437
 3.96489
 3.40401
Position of load from left most girder be1 m 0.58
be2 m 2.51
be3 m 0
be4 m 0

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 0 0 0 2
-0.0222 0.5 1 1.98244 1.98244382 1.98244 0.57222
1.04437 -0.0444 0 -8.4971 0.56733452 0 0.62147
4.13311 0.91126 -0.0444 -16.427 -7.9297753 0.56733 4.33258
-0.6576 1.65763 0 -13.597 0 0 0.48443
6.60858 0.73379 1.65763 -50.983 -11.894663 0 6.9155

Girder Load DFs

1 0.786 0.39
2 0.716 0.36
3 0.498 0.25
General Semicontinuum Method (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Four Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 3
No.of main gird nm No. 4
Spacing of main gird sm m 2
Spacing of cross gird sc m 10
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.13
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907.01

P P 2P

c
sc sc
sm sm sm
RA RB RC RD L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Four Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.575
Transverse section ey m 0.1173913
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.60125
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.42383152
Torsional inertia J m4 1.02508152
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.06594
 7.51062
 9.22018
Position of load from left most girder be1 m 0.88
be2 m 2.81
be3 m 0
be4 m 0

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
-0.022 0.33333 0.66667 1 2.50353904 2.50354 2.50354 2.50354 0.615
1.06594 -0.0659 0 0 -16.55793 1.5367 0 0 0.47763
4.19782 0.86812 -0.0659 0 -31.579164 -15.021 1.5367 0 2.78763
9.32971 3.86812 0.86812 -0.0659 -46.600399 -30.042 -15.021 1.5367 9.09763
-3.5441 4.54415 0 0 -27.141939 0 0 0 0.10919
3.8515 0.60435 4.54415 0 -99.347581 -22.532 0 0 4.00706
23.6428 7.2087 0.60435 4.54415 -216.61693 -90.127 -22.532 0 20.8349

Girder Load DFs

1 0.628 0.31
2 0.567 0.28
3 0.445 0.22
4 0.361 0.18
General Semicontinuum Method (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,sc,M,t,B,D,b,d

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input m,be

Calculate ,,

Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Find DFs Values

End

General Semicontinuum (Five Girder)

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of cross gird nc No. 5
No.of main gird nm No. 5
Spacing of main gird sm m 1.5
Spacing of cross gird sc m 5
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Width of cross gird b m 0.3
Depth of cross gird d m 1.5
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907

P P 2P

c
sc sc sc sc
sm sm sm sm
Ra Rb Rc Rd Rc L
B
Transverse Direction Longitudinal Direction

Five Girders

sm sc

t t

D d

B b
Longitudinal Section Transverse Section
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.65714
Transverse section ey m 0.20769
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.54345
M.I. transverse section IT m4 0.37601
4
Torsional inertia J m 0.91946
Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

Gt 3
Dyx 
6

2
1  2a  s m D yx
λ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

2
1  2a  GJ
μ  
mπ 2  s m  EI L

3
12  2a  ( 2a ) D y
η  
mπ 4  s m  EI L

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Transverse torsional rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dyx kNm/m 53.5815
Harmonic No. m 1
Dimensionless Parameters
 0.09727
 13.2502
 24.1799
Position of load from left most girder be1 m 0.88
be2 m 2.81
be3 m 0
be4 m 0

Matrix For DFs

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
-0.0243 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 3.31256 0.615
1.09727 -0.0973 0 0 0 -30.53 4.02998 0 0 0 0.93356
4.29182 0.80545 -0.0973 0 0 -57.031 -26.5 4.02998 0 0 2.01356
9.48637 3.80545 0.80545 -0.097274 0 -83.531 -53.001 -26.5 4.02998 0 7.09356
16.6809 8.80545 3.80545 0.80545198 -0.0973 -110.03 -79.501 -53.001 -26.5 4.02998 16.1736
-10.993 11.9927 0 0 0 -51.841 0 0 0 0 0
-3.409 0.41636 11.9927 0 0 -183.18 -39.751 0 0 0 2.82518
16.7583 6.83271 0.41636 11.9926548 0 -394.03 -159 -39.751 0 0 15.4858
55.5092 25.2491 6.83271 0.41635595 11.9927 -684.37 -357.76 -159 -39.751 0 49.3865

Girder Load DFs

1 0.551 0.28
2 0.472 0.24
3 0.378 0.19
4 0.316 0.16
5 0.283 0.14
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 15 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 15

B
q

L
Plan

P P P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.48936
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.66192

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6188
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.072
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 1.57
2 1.65
3 0.78

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.86 0 0.03 0.97
2 0.24 0 -0.03 0.05
3 -0.12 -0.005 -0.05 -0.03
2 1 0.24 0 0.1 0.05
2 0.51 0 0 0.91
3 0.24 0 0.1 -0.05
3 1 -0.12 -0.005 -0.05 -0.03
2 0.24 0 -0.03 0.05
3 0.86 0 0.03 0.97

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.6487 1.7551 0.42 0.43 0.43
2 1.4055 1.5485 0.36 0.38 0.37
3 0.87055 0.7369 0.22 0.18 0.2
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 30 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 30

B
q

L
Plan

P P P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.156
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 1.57
2 1.65
3 0.78

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.87 0 0.02 0.97
2 0.24 0 -0.02 0.04
3 -0.1 -0.005 -0.1 -0.03
2 1 0.23 -0.002 0.1 0.05
2 0.5 0 0 0.9
3 0.23 0.002 0.1 -0.05
3 1 -0.1 -0.005 -0.1 -0.03
2 0.24 0 -0.02 0.04
3 0.87 0 0.02 0.97

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.6602 1.7004 0.42 0.44 0.43
2 1.389 1.532 0.35 0.39 0.37
3 0.89655 0.6506 0.23 0.17 0.2
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 45 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 45

B
q

L
Plan

P P P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.27
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 1.57
2 1.65
3 0.78

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.87 0 0.03 0.98
2 0.22 0 -0.05 0.03
3 -0.06 -0.005 -0.13 -0.03
2 1 0.22 -0.004 0.18 0.03
2 0.49 0 0 0.9
3 0.22 0.004 0.1 -0.03
3 1 -0.06 -0.005 -0.13 -0.03
2 0.22 0 -0.05 0.03
3 0.87 0 0.03 0.98

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.6716 1.8074 0.42 0.46 0.44
2 1.3255 1.438 0.34 0.37 0.36
3 0.94615 0.6521 0.24 0.17 0.21
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (Class A Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 60 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 60

B
q

L
Plan

P P P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.468
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 1.57
2 1.65
3 0.78

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.9 0.005 0.06 0.99
2 0.18 0 -0.1 0.02
3 -0.02 -0.003 -0.1 -0.02
2 1 0.17 -0.007 0.17 0.01
2 0.49 0 0 0.94
3 0.17 0.007 0.1 -0.01
3 1 -0.02 -0.003 -0.1 -0.02
2 0.18 0 -0.1 0.02
3 0.9 0.005 0.06 0.99

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.67186 1.8519 0.43 0.46 0.45
2 1.2315 1.363 0.32 0.34 0.33
3 0.96184 0.7791 0.25 0.2 0.23
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 15 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 15

B
q

L
Plan

P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.072
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 0.86
2 1.14
3 0

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.86 0 0.03 0.97
2 0.24 0 -0.03 0.05
3 -0.12 -0.005 -0.05 -0.03
2 1 0.24 0 0.1 0.05
2 0.51 0 0 0.91
3 0.24 0 0.1 -0.05
3 1 -0.12 -0.005 -0.05 -0.03
2 0.24 0 -0.03 0.05
3 0.86 0 0.03 0.97

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.0132 1.031 0.52 0.5 0.51
2 0.7878 1.0546 0.4 0.51 0.46
3 0.1661 -0.0118 0.08 -0.01 0.04
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 30 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 30

B
q

L
Plan

P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.156
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 0.86
2 1.14
3 0

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.87 0 0.02 0.97
2 0.24 0 -0.02 0.04
3 -0.1 -0.005 -0.1 -0.03
2 1 0.23 -0.002 0.1 0.05
2 0.5 0 0 0.9
3 0.23 0.002 0.1 -0.05
3 1 -0.1 -0.005 -0.1 -0.03
2 0.24 0 -0.02 0.04
3 0.87 0 0.02 0.97

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 1.00812 1.0224 0.51 0.51 0.51
2 0.7764 1.0432 0.4 0.52 0.46
3 0.17418 -0.0548 0.09 -0.03 0.03
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2 S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 45 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
Grade of concrete M N/mm2 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 45

B
q

L
Plan

P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.27
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 0.86
2 1.14
3 0

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.87 0 0.03 0.98
2 0.22 0 -0.05 0.03
3 -0.06 -0.005 -0.13 -0.03
2 1 0.22 -0.004 0.18 0.03
2 0.49 0 0 0.9
3 0.22 0.004 0.1 -0.03
3 1 -0.06 -0.005 -0.13 -0.03
2 0.22 0 -0.05 0.03
3 0.87 0 0.03 0.98

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 0.99444 1.108 0.51 0.54 0.53
2 0.7478 1.0088 0.39 0.49 0.44
3 0.19946 -0.0578 0.1 -0.03 0.04
Semicontinuum Method for Skew Bridge (70 R Loading)
Assumptions and Limitations
1 Each and every harmonic of loading has to be analysed seperately
2 Effect of total load on every girder can not be analysed collectively
3 Third and higher harmonics of deflections are negligibly small.

Flow Chart

Start

Input
2a,2b,sm,M,t,B,D,φ

Calculate IL,IT,J

Input M.F. with load as

point load simply
supported with two
supports

CALCULATE ε,

Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
4 s 
π  m EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Find DFs Value with

the help of charts for
1st and 2nd harmonic
conditions

End

Semicontinuum Method 60 Degree Skew

Input Data
Span 2a m 20
Width 2b m 7.5
No.of main gird nm No. 3
Spacing of main gird sm m 2.7
2
Grade of concrete M N/mm 30
Thickness of slab t m 0.3
Width of main gird B m 0.3
Depth of main gird D m 2
Modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 27386.1
Modulus of rigidity G N/mm2 11907
Angle of skew φ 60

B
q

L
Plan

P P

c
sm sm

RA RB RC
B
Transverse Direction
Calculation
Neutral axis about centroid of deck slab
Longitudinal section ex m 0.489362
M.I.
M.I. longitudinal section IL m4 0.661915

Formula
Et 3
Dy 
12

3
12  2a  (2a) D y
η  
 
π4  sm  EI L

2S tan φ
ε
2a

Calculations
Transverse flexural rigidity per unit length of the deck slab Dy kNm/m 61.6187925
Dimensionless Parameters
 3.404
ε 0.468
Modification Factor for Girders
Girder MF
1 0.86
2 1.14
3 0

DFs When Load Directly on Girder Up to Two Harmonics

Load DF
(ρi,j)1,1 (ρi,j)1,2 (ρi,j)2,1 (ρi,j)2,2
on girder for girder
1 1 0.9 0.005 0.06 0.99
2 0.18 0 -0.1 0.02
3 -0.02 -0.003 -0.1 -0.02
2 1 0.17 -0.007 0.17 0.01
2 0.49 0 0 0.94
3 0.17 0.007 0.1 -0.01
3 1 -0.02 -0.003 -0.1 -0.02
2 0.18 0 -0.1 0.02
3 0.9 0.005 0.06 0.99

Load Load DFs DFs

Girder 1st 2nd 1st 2nd SCM
Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic Harmonic DFs
1 0.96412 1.1082 0.52 0.53 0.53
2 0.7134 1.0028 0.38 0.48 0.43
3 0.182 -0.0006 0.1 0 0.05