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Early Islamic Philosophy and Scientific Thought
Early Islamic Philosophy and Scientific Thought
Early Islamic Philosophy and Scientific Thought
Sassanid Empire
Medina
Mecca
Medina
Mecca
Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad
Mecca
• 750 CE – 1258 CE
• Utilitarian purposes
Characteristics of Early Islamic
Scientific Thought
“The astronomical science of our days surely offers nothing from which one can derive an
existing reality. The model that has been developed in the times in which we live accords with
computations, not with existence.”
- Ibn Rushd
(Cohen 2010)
Al-Andalus
• Ibn-Rushd (12th century) – Qur’an instructed humans to look for knowledge; believed that revelation
in Qur’an to be the highest form of knowledge, but because many people cannot understand this, a
theology based on human reason (which is simpler to grasp) is needed.
• Ibn-Arabi (12th century) – the idea of a “unity of existence,” stating that everything is connected to
each other and to God/Allah
• Al-Farabi (870-950) – Doctrine of Emanationism: Universe emanates from the
Divine; the universe is composed of spheres, one inside the other, the outer
being the realm of God and heavens, and the innermost the human realms
1) Mu’tazila
2) Maturadiyyah
3) Ash’ariyyah
Mu’tazila