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Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources

Vol. 3(4), December 2012, pp. 493-500

Suitability of tin cans and glass jars for processing of peach fruits in juice
Manisha Kaushal* and K D Sharma
Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,
Solan-173 230, Himachal Pradesh, India

Received 29 August 2011; Accepted 16 July 2012

Suitability of processing of lye peeled peach halves of cultivar ‘July Elberta’ in A 2½ size tin cans and 500 g glass jars
in a covering medium of 40oB syrup in different proportions (10-40%) containing either peach pulp or enzymatically
extracted (pectinase @ 0.5%) peach juice fortified with or without ascorbic acid (500 ppm) was evaluated on the basis of
storability, nutritional value and sensory attributes. Cut out analysis of canned peach halves after 3 and 6 months revealed
that both the packages irrespective of the treatments met FPO specifications for vacuum and drained weight. On the basis of
physico-chemical and sensory evaluation it was observed that higher retention of ascorbic acid and carotenoids was
observed in cans as compared to jars. Further, vitamin C fortified treatments had a higher retention of ascorbic acid both
in cans (24.7 mg/100 g) and glass jars (18.54 mg/100 g) than that of unfortified treatment having mean values 10.91 and
9.5 mg/100 g for cans and jars, respectively while, the vitamin C content in control samples (40oB sucrose syrup with 0.3%
citric acid) was recorded as 3.91 mg/100 g after 6 months of storage. Addition of peach pulp in covering medium witnessed
lesser extent of non-enzymatic browning as compared to enzymatically extracted juice when used in a covering medium.
Data pertaining to non-enzymatic browning showed slightly higher values in glass jars (0.092) as compared to the tin cans
(0.085). However, no apparent spoilage was noticed in cans and jars throughout the study period of 6 months. It was
suggested that conventional processing of peach halves in sucrose syrup in tin cans and glass jars can successfully be
replaced with a covering medium containing 30-40% of peach pulp.

Keywords: Jars, Juice, Peach, Processing, Prunus persica, Pulp, Tin cans.
IPC code; Int. cl. (2011.01)  A23B 7/00, B65B 25/04

Introduction Therefore, to make the fruits available to the


Peach (Prunus persica Batsch) is one of consumers throughout the year and to have better
the important stone fruits grown in temperate income to the growers, preservation of fruit halves in
regions of the world. World peach production is fruit juice could be a good alternative. With the
estimated to be 18428913 tonnes where India increase in domestic consumption and thrust towards
contributes 150,000 tonnes1. Fresh fruits are attractive, export of processed products, packaging is considered
delicious and highly nutritious as they contain as an important marketing tool. Processing of fruits is
substantially good amount of carbohydrates, proteins, mostly done in tin cans resulting into a high price of
ascorbic acid, potassium and niacin as compared to canned products thus making them unaffordable to a
majority of other common fruits. Due to perishable common man. Thus packaging of fruit halves in light
nature of the fruit, non-availability of storage facilities weight glass jars could be best alternative as they will
in the growing area and lack of cold chain for be available at reasonable cost to the consumers.
transportation, the orchard owners get unsatisfactory Therefore, the study was undertaken to determine the
returns for their produce. The commercial practice of acceptability of processing of peach halves in
canning of peach halves in sugar syrup results in covering media containing peach juice and pulp in tin
masking of original fruit flavour and wastage of the cans and glass jars with respect to their quality
sugar syrup. Many authors have suggested replacing and shelf-life.
sugar syrups with corn syrup, apple concentrate,
apples juice and mango pulp for fruit canning2-5. Materials and Methods
——————
Firm ripe fruits of peach cultivar ‘July Elberta’
*Correspondent author: obtained from Rajgarh area of Himachal Pradesh were
E-mail: manishapht@gmail.com manually sorted, graded and washed thoroughly. The
494 INDIAN J NAT PROD RESOUR, DECEMBER 2012

fruits were lye peeled (1.0% boiling caustic soda for the procedure described elsewere7,8. The sensory
50 sec), halved, destoned and processed in a covering evaluation of prepared products was carried out
media of 40°B containing 10-40% peach pulp or by a panel of 7 semi-trained judges on a 9 point
enzymatically extracted (pectinase 0.5%) peach juice Hedonic scale9 for parameters like colour, flavour,
fortified with or without ascorbic acid (500 ppm) both texture, taste and overall acceptability. Triplicate
in A 2½ tin cans and glass jars (500 g). The ripe determination was made for each physico-chemical
peach fruit were used for pulp extraction where the attribute by taking 10 fruits for each replication.
fruits were cooked for 10-15 minutes after adding Completely Randomized Design (factorial) was used
10% water followed by passing the whole mass to analyze the data of quantitative estimation of
through the pulper. For juice extraction, pulp was various physico-chemical characteristics10.
enzymatically clarified (pectinases @ 0.5% at 40°C
for 4 h), heated to 95°C to inactivate the added Results and Discussion
enzyme and then stored in sterilized glass bottles by Fresh fruits of ‘July Elberta’ were analyzed for
pasteurization. The conventionally canned fruit halves their physico-chemical characteristics and the data is
in sugar syrup of 40°B with 0.3% citric acid served as summarized in Table 1. The average fruit length and
control. The processing of tin cans and glass jars diameter of fruit was determined as 5.82 and 5.95 cm
was done as per the standard method6 (Plate 1 a,b) with an average weight of 82.60 g and firmness of
and were stored at ambient temperature (14-30°C) 5.23 kg/cm2. Chemically, the fruit contained 11.43%
for 6 months. total soluble solids with an acidity of 0.76% as
The physico-chemical analysis of fresh and malic acid. The fruits contained 690 µg/100 g and
canned peach fruits was carried out according to 16.40 mg/100 g of vitamin A and C, respectively.
Thus it is apparent from the data that the fruits
were suitable for canning which was in conformation
with other authors11-14.
Cut out analysis for physical attributes
The results of cut out analysis of peach halves
canned in A 2½ cans and glass jars stored at ambient
temperature (14-30°C) revealed that the vacuum
decreased during the storage period of 6 months
although well within the FPO specifications (Table 2).
The maximum vacuum in cans was observed in
T14 (40% peach pulp in covering media of 40oB) and
T9 (20% peach juice in covering media of 40oB
containing 500 ppm of ascorbic acid) having a value
Table 1  Physico-chemical characteristics of fresh peach fruits

S. No. Parameters Mean+SD*


1. Length (cm) 5.82+0.021
2. Diameter (cm) 5.95+0.03
3. Weight (g) 82.60+4.96
4. Specific gravity 1.09+0.02
5. Firmness (kg/cm2) 5.23+0.30
6. Moisture (%) 88.1+0.80
7. Total soluble solids (oBrix) 11.43+0.17
8. Titratable acidity (% malic acid) 0.76+0.02
9. Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) 16.40+0.52
10. Total carotenoids (µg/100 g) 690.0+0.12
Plate 1  Peach halves: (a) in tin cans, (b) in glass jars * Average of 3 observations (10 fruits per observation)
KAUSHAL & SHARMA: SUITABILITY OF TIN CANS AND GLASS JARS FOR PEACH FRUITS PROCESSING 495

Table 2  Effect of treatment and storage period on the vacuum (kg/cm2) of the processed peaches in tin cans and glass jars
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
Control (T1) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.57
10% peach pulp (T2) 0.60 0.55 0.58 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.55
10% peach juice (T3) 0.56 0.58 0.57 0.51 0.58 0.55 0.56
10% peach pulp* (T4) 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.53 0.54
10% peach juice* (T5) 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.50 0.56 0.53 0.55
20% peach pulp (T6) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.56
20% peach juice (T7) 0.58 0.53 0.56 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.54
20% peach pulp* (T8) 0.56 0.58 0.57 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.55
20% peach juice* (T9) 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.56 0.51 0.54 0.56
30% peach pulp (T10) 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.50 0.55 0.53 0.56
30% peach juice (T11) 0.56 0.58 0.57 0.53 0.50 0.52 0.55
30% peach pulp* (T12) 0.58 0.55 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.54 0.56
30% peach juice* (T13) 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.54 0.55
40% peach pulp (T14) 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57
40% peach juice (T15) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.53 0.56 0.55 0.58
40% peach pulp* (T16) 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.56
40% peach juice (T17) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.57
Mean 0.58 0.57 0.58 0.53 0.53 0.53
Mean (P) 0.56 0.55
* Treatments with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm
** Total soluble solids 40oBrix
Effect CD0.05 Effect CD0.05
Treatment NS Treatment × Package 0.04
Package NS Treatment × Storage 0.04
Storage 0.01 Package × Storage NS
Treatment × Package × Storage 0.06

of 0.56 kg/cm2 which was statistically at par with cans than the glass jars for the same treatment
other treatments like T17, T13, T12 and T1. In jars, throughout the storage period (Table 3). Three months
maximum vacuum of 0.58 was observed in T3 (10% storage data revealed that mean ascorbic acid in cans
peach pulp in covering media of 40oB), followed was 12.56 mg/100 g while in jars it was 10.91 mg/
by 0.56 kg/cm2 in T5, T14 and T15. Data showed 100 g though maximum value of ascorbic acid was
that mean vacuum in cans was 0.56 while in jars recorded in treatment T17 (20.65 mg/100 g) for both
was 0.55 kg/cm2 which was statistically at par with the packages. Six months analysis of stored peach
each other which was in agreement with various halves in both the packages observed mean value of
authors15-17. Further, both the packages had a non ascorbic acid as 10.69 in cans as against 9.40 mg/
significant effect on the drained weight of the 100 g in glass jars17,18. Statistically significant differences
canned peach halves. The mean drained weight in were observed in ascorbic acid for treatments, storage,
cans and jars after 6 months of storage was 56.09 and packages and their interactions. The difference
and 57.05%, respectively. of packages with reference to ascorbic acid was
found significant as the packaging mean denotes
Cut out analysis for chemical attributes 11.63 mg/100 g value for cans and 10.16 mg/100 g
Nutritional evaluation of canned peach halves both for jars. The storage mean was also significant with
in A 2½ tin cans and glass jars showed that the respect to ascorbic acid as the respective values for
retention of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher in cans and jars were 11.74 and 10.05 mg/100 g.
496 INDIAN J NAT PROD RESOUR, DECEMBER 2012

Table 3  Effect of treatment and storage period on ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) of the processed peaches in tin cans and glass jars
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
Control (T1) 5.03 3.90 4.47 4.20 3.61 3.91 4.19
10% peach pulp (T2) 6.02 5.77 5.90 5.03 4.17 4.60 5.25
10% peach juice (T3) 6.10 6.07 6.09 5.17 5.10 5.14 5.62
10% peach pulp* (T4) 14.20 11.30 12.75 11.93 9.49 10.71 11.73
10% peach juice* (T5) 15.63 12.17 13.90 12.34 10.67 11.51 12.71
20% peach pulp (T6) 6.13 5.92 6.03 4.83 4.17 4.50 5.27
20% peach juice (T7) 6.50 5.99 6.25 5.76 4.93 5.35 5.80
20% peach pulp* (T8) 16.27 15.23 15.75 14.48 13.18 13.83 14.79
20% peach juice* (T9) 18.17 15.75 16.96 15.33 13.73 14.53 15.75
30% peach pulp (T10) 7.32 6.86 7.09 6.71 6.13 6.42 6.76
30% peach juice (T11) 8.07 7.29 7.68 7.47 6.83 7.15 7.42
30% peach pulp* (T12) 18.64 16.26 17.45 16.37 14.93 15.65 16.55
30% peach juice* (T13) 19.30 17.68 18.49 17.15 15.62 16.39 17.44
40% peach pulp (T14) 10.40 9.32 9.86 7.61 7.17 7.39 8.63
40% peach juice (T15) 10.91 9.50 10.21 8.93 7.94 8.44 9.33
40% peach pulp* (T16) 20.17 17.93 19.05 16.10 15.32 15.71 17.38
40% peach juice (T17) 24.70 18.54 21.62 22.48 16.87 19.67 20.65
Mean 12.56 10.91 11.74 10.69 9.40 10.05
Mean (P) 11.63 10.16
* Treatments with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm
** Total soluble solids 40oBrix
Effect CD0.05 Effect CD0.05
Treatment 0.33 Treatment × Package 0.47
Package 0.11 Treatment × Storage 0.47
Storage 0.11 Package × Storage 0.16
Treatment × Package × Storage 0.67

Similar to ascorbic acid, the effect of treatment, was observed in treatment T17 (40% peach juice in
storage and package was found significant on the covering media of 40°B) as 445.90 and 418.50 µg/100 g
carotenoids content of peach halves. Carotenoid in cans and jars, respectively. The mean carotenoid
content was higher in cans as compared to glass jars content in cans and jars were observed as 442.14
due to its permeability to light which is the main and 423.69 µg/100 g, respectively. The mean values
causative agent for the destruction of the precursor of treatment × storage varied from 420.35 (T1) to
of vitamin A19. A minimum carotenoid content 432.20 (T17). The highest mean value of the
after 3 months of storage was observed as 429.0 and treatments irrespective of packaging and storage was
425.0 µg/100 g in cans and jars, respectively in 440.3 µg/100 g in T17 where treatments T16 and
treatments T1 (control). Maximum carotenoid was T15 were statistically at par with T17 with a mean T
found in treatment T17 for both cans (458.70 µg/100 g) value of 439.85 and 439.28 µg/100 g, respectively.
and jars (438.10 µg/100 g) after three months of Mitchell et al20 and Kader21 also showed that peaches
storage (Table 4). After 6 months of storage similar loose approximately 42-50% of their total carotenoids
trend was observed in retention of carotenoids at during exhausting process.
ambient temperature where the minimum value was Data pertaining to non enzymatic browning (NEB)
found in treatment T1 (control) in cans (428.0 µg/100 g) in Table 5 showed that irrespective of the treatments,
and jars (411.90 µg/100 g) and the maximum value comparatively more NEB was observed in glass jars
KAUSHAL & SHARMA: SUITABILITY OF TIN CANS AND GLASS JARS FOR PEACH FRUITS PROCESSING 497

Table 4  Effect of treatment and storage period on the carotenoids (µg/100 g) of processed peaches in tin cans and glass jars
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
Control (T1) 429.00 425.80 427.40 428.80 411.90 420.35 423.88
10% peach pulp (T2) 432.70 428.20 430.45 430.70 412.30 421.50 425.98
10% peach juice (T3) 437.00 428.60 432.80 430.90 412.60 421.75 427.28
10% peach pulp* (T4) 438.00 428.70 433.35 431.40 412.70 422.05 427.70
10% peach juice* (T5) 438.70 428.90 433.80 431.90 413.50 422.70 428.30
20% peach pulp (T6) 445.00 429.50 437.25 432.10 414.00 423.05 430.15
20% peach juice (T7) 446.00 429.60 437.65 432.80 414.60 423.70 430.68
20% peach pulp* (T8) 446.00 430.70 437.80 433.30 414.90 424.10 430.90
20% peach juice* (T9) 449.00 431.60 439.85 433.50 415.20 424.35 432.10
30% peach pulp (T10) 451.30 432.20 441.45 437.20 416.00 426.60 434.03
30% peach juice (T11) 450.30 435.40 441.25 440.70 416.20 428.45 434.85
30% peach pulp* (T12) 453.00 436.30 444.20 444.50 416.80 430.65 437.43
30% peach juice* (T13) 453.70 437.70 445.00 444.90 416.90 430.90 438.00
40% peach pulp (T14) 455.70 437.30 446.70 445.10 417.10 431.10 438.90
40% peach juice (T15) 456.70 438.90 447.00 445.40 417.70 431.55 439.28
40% peach pulp* (T16) 457.00 438.10 447.95 445.60 417.90 431.75 439.85
40% peach juice (T17) 458.70 432.16 448.40 445.90 418.50 432.20 440.30
Mean 446.93 423.16 439.55 437.34 415.22 426.28
Mean (P) 442.14 423.69
* Treatments with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm
** Total soluble solids 40oBrix
Effect CD0.05 Effect CD0.05
Treatment 1.10 Treatment × Package 1.56
Package 0.38 Treatment × Storage 1.56
Storage 0.38 Package × Storage 0.54
Treatment × Package × Storage 2.21

as compared to cans. The maximum value of OD440nm 500 ppm ascorbic acid). It has been reported that
during 3 and 6 months analysis was observed in jars substrate, enzyme and oxygen are three main factors
as 0.110 and 0.185, respectively while in cans the responsible for browning of canned products19.
values recorded were 0.081 and 0.183, respectively
during the same period. A minimum value of NEB Cut out analysis for sensory scores
was detected in T16 (40% peach pulp in covering The scores for overall acceptability in canned
media of 40°B containing 500 ppm ascorbic acid) peaches (Table 6) varied from 4.93 to 7.50 in cans
as 0.032 and 0.037 in cans and jars, respectively in for treatment T1 and T14, respectively during 3 months
3 months and 0.056 and 0.075 at 6 months storage, of storage at ambient temperature. In glass jars,
respectively. Overall the mean values of non enzymatic the maximum and a minimum value of 6.14 and
knowing in both the packages where 0.085 and 0.092 4.21 were also scored by T14 and T1 treatments,
for cans and jars, respectively. Treatment, package, respectively. Throughout the storage, the can packed
storage and their interactions had a significant halves had comparatively higher score to that of
effect on the NEB. The maximum mean value of glass jars though none of the treatments were
the treatment × storage interaction was 0.0095 for rejected by the panelists. Significant decrease in
T1 (Control) with a minimum of 0.035 for T16 (40% overall acceptability was observed for all treatments
peach pulp in a covering media of 40°B containing irrespective of packages during 6 months of storage
498 INDIAN J NAT PROD RESOUR, DECEMBER 2012

Table 5  Effect of treatment and storage period on non-enzymatic browning (OD at 440 nm) of processed peaches
in tin cans and glass jars
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
Control (T1) 0.081 0.110 0.095 0.183 0.185 0.184 0.140
10% peach pulp (T2) 0.072 0.076 0.074 0.147 0.152 0.150 0.125
10% peach juice (T3) 0.061 0.066 0.064 0.171 0.181 0.176 0.107
10% peach pulp* (T4) 0.051 0.054 0.053 0.078 0.084 0.081 0.067
10% peach juice* (T5) 0.055 0.056 0.056 0.085 0.092 0.089 0.073
20% peach pulp (T6) 0.059 0.061 0.060 0.128 0.136 0.132 0.096
20% peach juice (T7) 0.079 0.081 0.080 0.180 0.184 0.182 0.130
20% peach pulp* (T8) 0.041 0.043 0.042 0.047 0.053 0.050 0.046
20% peach juice* (T9) 0.039 0.042 0.041 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.053
30% peach pulp (T10) 0.056 0.059 0.058 0.122 0.152 0.137 0.120
30% peach juice (T11) 0.071 0.075 0.074 0.178 0.182 0.180 0.127
30% peach pulp* (T12) 0.036 0.041 0.039 0.064 0.067 0.066 0.052
30% peach juice* (T13) 0.042 0.047 0.045 0.073 0.082 0.076 0.061
40% peach pulp (T14) 0.061 0.064 0.063 0.106 0.107 0.106 0.084
40% peach juice (T15) 0.074 0.075 0.075 0.161 0.171 0.166 0.091
40% peach pulp* (T16) 0.032 0.037 0.035 0.056 0.075 0.066 0.051
40% peach juice (T17) 0.046 0.052 0.049 0.079 0.106 0.093 0.071
Mean 0.056 0.061 0.059 0.113 0.122 0.118
Mean (P) 0.085 0.092
* Treatments with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm
** Total soluble solids 40oBrix
Effect CD0.05 Effect CD0.05
Treatment 0.0020 Treatment × Package 0.0033
Package 0.0008 Treatment × Storage 0.0033
Storage 0.0008 Package × Storage 0.0011
Treatment × Package × Storage 0.0047
Table 6  Effect of treatment and storage period on overall acceptability (sensory characteristic) of processed peaches
in tin cans and glass jars
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
Control (T1) 4.93 4.21 4.57 3.86 3.57 3.71 4.14
10% peach pulp (T2) 6.43 5.14 5.79 5.64 4.71 5.18 5.49
10% peach juice (T3) 5.67 5.00 5.29 5.36 4.14 4.75 5.02
10% peach pulp* (T4) 6.21 5.21 5.71 6.29 5.29 5.79 5.75
10% peach juice* (T5) 6.36 5.93 6.14 5.79 5.00 5.39 5.79
20% peach pulp (T6) 6.50 5.00 5.75 6.21 5.43 5.82 5.79
20% peach juice (T7) 6.27 4.93 5.61 6.07 4.43 5.25 5.55
20% peach pulp* (T8) 6.43 5.00 5.71 6.07 4.86 5.46 5.58
20% peach juice* (T9) 6.29 5.71 6.00 5.14 4.86 5.00 5.50
30% peach pulp (T10) 6.71 5.36 6.04 6.57 5.00 5.79 5.79
30% peach juice (T11) 6.64 4.57 5.11 5.36 4.43 4.89 5.00
(Contd.)
KAUSHAL & SHARMA: SUITABILITY OF TIN CANS AND GLASS JARS FOR PEACH FRUITS PROCESSING 499

Table 6  Effect of treatment and storage period on overall acceptability (sensory characteristic) of processed peaches
in tin cans and glass jars (Contd.)
Storage period
Treatment ** 3 months 6 months Mean (T)
Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean Can (P1) Jar (P2) Mean
30% peach pulp* (T12) 6.21 5.03 5.57 5.21 4.71 4.96 5.27
30% peach juice* (T13) 6.14 5.00 5.57 5.73 4.86 5.14 5.36
40% peach pulp (T14) 7.50 6.14 6.82 6.79 5.71 6.25 6.54
40% peach juice (T15) 6.14 5.71 5.93 5.57 5.43 5.50 5.72
40% peach pulp* (T16) 5.79 5.29 5.54 5.93 4.50 5.21 5.38
40% peach juice (T17) 6.36 5.00 5.68 6.00 4.21 5.11 5.39
Mean 6.26 5.24 5.73 5.72 4.77 5.25
Mean (P) 5.99 5.01
* Treatments with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm
** Total soluble solids 40oBrix
Effect CD0.05 Effect CD0.05
Treatment 0.35 Treatment × Package 0.49
Package 0.12 Treatment × Storage 0.49
Storage 0.12 Package × Storage NS
Treatment × Package × Storage NS

at ambient temperature. Maximum score of 6.79 juice or pulp in the covering media. Further, the
was again obtained by treatment T14 followed by T10, practice of canning in tin cans could be replaced by
T4 and T6 having a sensory of 6.57, 6.29 and 6.21, using light weight simple to handle and inexpensive
respectively. Highest and lowest sensory score for glass jars without compromising with the quality and
the overall acceptability in jars during 6 months of nutrition of processed halves.
storage was also assigned to the treatments T14 and T1
as 5.71 and 3.57, respectively. The scores of rest of References
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