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How to calculate the size of capacitor bank ???
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How To Calculate The Size Of Capacitor Bank

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How to calculate the size of

Example:
1: capacitor bank ???
Example: 1: A 3 Phase, 5 kW Induction Motor
has a...

A 3 Phase, 5 kW Induction Motor

has a P.F (Power factor) of 0.75 lagging.
What are
What size of Capacitor in kVAR is
required to improve the P.F (Power Random
wound and
Factor) to 0.90? Form wound
Coils in
Electric
Motor input = P = 5 kW Motor ??? How they
influence the Motor ???
Original P.F = Cosθ1 = 0.75                  A typical low-voltage generator
is...
Final P.F = Cosθ2 = 0.90
θ1 = Cos-1 = (0.75) = 41°.41; Tan θ1 = Tan (41°.41) = 0.8819 What is
Relation
θ2 = Cos-1 = (0.90) = 25°.84; Tan θ2 = Tan (25°.50) = 0.4843 between
Required Capacitor kVAR to
improve P.F from 0.75 to 0.90
Hardness,Du
ctility,Mallea
Required Capacitor kVAR = P
(Tan θ1 – Tan θ2) bility&Brittle
ness...
= 5kW (0.8819 – 0.4843) HARDNESS:   Hardness is a measure of the
material’s...
= 1.99 kVAR
And Rating of Capacitors
connected in each Phase Difference
between
1.99/3 = 0.663 kVAR USART,
UART,
RS232, USB,
**************************************************************** SPI, I2C, TTL
...
******* UART  - Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter: ...

Example:
2: What is
B,C,D curves
in MCB...???
Characteristic
An Alternator is supplying a
load of 650 kW at a P.F (Power factor) of 0.65. Curves of MCB
Characteristic
What size of Capacitor in kVAR
is required to raise the P.F (Power Factor) curve...

to unity (1)? And how many more kW

can the alternator supply for the
same kVA loading when P.F improved. How to
make simple
H-Bridge
from Mosfet
Supplying kW = 650 kW
...
                
       Hi friends... in...
Original P.F = Cosθ1 = 0.65
Final P.F = Cosθ2 = 1 Grounding Installation (Step
by Step Guide)...
θ1 = Cos-1 = (0.65) = 49°.45; Tan θ1 = Tan (41°.24) = 1.169 What is Grounding or Earthing? To connect
the metallic...
θ2 = Cos-1 = (1) = 0°; Tan θ2 = Tan (0°) = 0
Required Capacitor kVAR to
improve P.F from 0.75 to 0.90 STARTER
COIL,HOLDI
Required Capacitor kVAR = P
(Tan θ1 – Tan θ2) NG
= 650kW (1.169– 0) CONTACT
AND
= 759.85 kVAR PUSHBUTT
ON...STANDARD SYMBOLS...

**************************************************************** Why
*******
Aluminium
Windings
are not
being used
Electronic Components in
in Motors ?
(2 Min Read) Resistivity of Copper  is  1.68 x
India - Quality , Best price,…
10-8 Ohm...

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Ad What are the types of

Electronic Components through…
electroniccomponentshop.com
Learn more
Conductors used in
Overhead Power Lines…
C onductor is a physical medium to carry
electrical...

Blog Archive
How to Calculate the Required Capacitor bank value in
both kVAR andFarads? ► 
2021
(1)
(How to Convert Farads into kVAR and Vice Versa)
► 
2020
(16)

► 
2017
(12)
Example:
3
► 
2016
(39)
A Single phase 400V, 50Hz,
motor takes a supply current of 50A at a P.F ▼ 
2015
(173)
(Power factor) of 0.6. The motor
power factor has to be improved to 0.9 by ► 
December
(3)
connecting a capacitor in parallel
with it. Calculate the required capacity of
► 
November
(3)
Capacitor in both kVAR and Farads.
► 
October
(11)
► 
September
(9)
Motor Input = P = V x I x Cosθ ► 
August
(18)
                              = 400V x 50A x 0.6
► 
July
(9)
                              = 12kW
► 
June
(14)
Actual P.F = Cosθ1 = 0..6
Required P.F = Cosθ  = 0.90
▼ 
May
(41)
 How to Use Virtual Desktops in
θ1 = Cos-1 = (0.60) = 53°.13; Tan θ1 = Tan (53°.13) = 1.3333 Windows 10...???

θ2 = Cos-1 = (0.90) = 25°.84; Tan θ2 = Tan (25°.50) = 0.4843 What are the Causes of Poor Power
Factor ???
Required Capacitor kVAR to
improve P.F from 0.60 to 0.90 Active, Reactive, Apparent and
Complex Power. Simp...
Required Capacitor kVAR = P
(Tan θ1 – Tan θ2)
Why Power Plant Capacity Rated in
= 5kW (1.3333– 0.4843) MW and not in MV...
Why Battery rated in Ah (Ampere
= 10.188 kVAR hour) and not in V...
Why Motor rated in kW instead of
kVA ???
**************************************************************** STARTER COIL,HOLDING CONTACT
AND PUSHBUTTON...STAN...
*************
How to calculate the size of
capacitor bank ???

To find the required capacity

of Capacitance in Faradsto improve P.F from Different types of short circuit
fault...
0.6 to 0.9
(Two Methods) What is difference between an
Alternator and a Gen...
What is Skin Effect ???
Solution
#1 (Using a Simple Formula) How to: Copy files larger than 4GB
to a Pen Drive ...
Why Can’t I Copy a Large File
We have already calculated the
required Capacity of Capacitor in kVAR, so we Despite Having Large...

can easily convert it into Farads

by using this simple formula Why can't 32-bit Windows access
4GB of RAM...???
Required Capacity of Capacitor
in Farads/Microfarads Why Power Transmission Cables &
Lines are Loose on...
C = kVAR / (2 π f V2)
in microfarad
Why Coaxial Cables are Highly
Insulated ...???
Grounding Installation (Step by
Putting the Values in the above
formula Step Guide)...

 = (10.188kVAR) / (2 x π x
50 x 4002) Air Conditioner Capacity Is
Measured in Tons not i...
= 2.0268 x 10-4 AutomatonRoboticsAerial Robots
This Invincible Fly...
= 202.7 x 10-6
CHIP - The World's First Nine Dollar
= 202.7μF Computer...
How to Backup or Export Blogger
or WordPress ...???

Solution
# 2 (Simple Calculation Method) How Electronic Ballast Works ???
The Fatal Current ... It's The
Current That Kills ...
kVAR = 10.188 … (i) What is True, Reactive, and
Apparent power ... Pow...
Origin of the Horsepower Unit ...
We know that; EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
ABOUT NEAR FIELD COMMU...
IC = V/ XC
How to Redirect a Blogspot to
Another Blog ...???
India's per capita power
Whereas XC = 1 / 2 π F C consumption over other co...
The 7-segment Display - Detaily
Explained...
IC = V / (1 / 2 π F C) Usb 2.0 & 3.0 Pin Explained...
IC = V 2 F C Flemings Rule...
What does Refresh Desktop or
= (400) x 2π x (50) x C Refresh explorer wind...
IC = 125663.7 x C What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)
and DVI ...???
Two-way-control-switch...
And,
Wiring-diagram-of-distribution-
kVAR = (V x IC) /
1000 … [kVAR =( V x I)/ 1000 ] boards...
Symbols of Some Devices and
= 400 x 125663.7 x C Elements...

IC = 50265.48 x C … (ii) Types-of-connectors used in day to

day life...
Some Basic Electronic symbols and
descriptions...
Equating Equation (i) &
(ii), we get,
Cable Sizes and Current Ratings...
Electrical Installation Guide 2015
by Schneider El...
50265.48 x C = 10.188C
‎Three Phase Transformer‬...
C = 10.188 / 50265.48
C = 2.0268 x 10-4 ► 
April
(23)
C = 202.7 x 10-6 ► 
March
(8)
C = 202.7μF ► 
February
(13)
► 
January
(21)
****************************************************************
************ ► 
2014
(49)
PS615 - Available - Starting

at: $Submit for Price

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Example
4 :

What value of Capacitance must

be connected in parallel with a load
drawing 1kW at 70% lagging power factor
from a 208V, 60Hz Source in
order to raise the overall power factor to 91%.

Solution:

You can use either Table method

or Simple Calculation method to find the
required value of Capacitance in
Farads or kVAR to improve Power factor from
0.71 to 0.97. So I used table
method in this case.
P = 1000W
Actual Power factor = Cosθ1 = 0.71
Desired Power factor = Cosθ2  = 0.97
From Table, Multiplier to
improve PF from 0.71 to 0.97 is 0.783
Required Capacitor kVAR to
improve P.F from 0.71 to 0.97
Required Capacitor kVAR = kW x
Table Multiplier of 0.71 and 0.97
= 1kW x 0.783
=783 VAR (required Capacitance Value in
kVAR)
Current in the Capacitor =

IC = QC / V
= 783 / 208
= 3.76A

And
XC = V / IC
= 208 / 3.76 = 55.25Ω
C = 1/ (2 π f XC)
C = 1 (2 π x 60 x 55.25)
C = 48 μF (required Capacitance Value in Farads)

Good
to Know:

Important formulas which is

used for Power factor improvement
calculation as well as used in the above
calculation

Power in Watts
kW = kVA x Cosθ
kW = HP x 0.746 or (HP x 0.746)
/ Efficiency … (HP = Motor Power)
kW = √ ( kVA2– kVAR2)
kW = P = VI Cosθ … (Single Phase)
kW = P =√3x V x I Cosθ … (Three Phase)

Apparent Power in VA
kVA= √(kW2+ kVAR2)
kVA = kW/ Cosθ

Reactive Power in VA
kVAR= √(kVA2– kW2)
kVAR = C x (2 π f V2)

Power factor (from 0.1 to 1)

Power Factor = Cosθ = P / V I … (Single Phase)

Power Factor = Cosθ =  P / (√3x V x I) … (Three Phase)

Power Factor = Cosθ = kW / kVA  … (Both Single Phase & Three Phase)

Power Factor = Cosθ = R/Z … (Resistance / Impedance)

XC = 1/ (2 π f C) … (XC = Capacitive reactance)

IC = V/ XC  … (I = V / R)
Required Capacity of Capacitor
in Farads/Microfarads

C = kVAR / (2 π f V2) in microfarad

Required Capacity of Capacitor

in kVAR
kVAR = C x (2 π f V2)

****************************************************************
*************

Example
5 :
§  Calculate
Size of Capacitor Bank Annual Saving in Bills and Payback Period
for Capacitor
Bank.
§    Electrical
Load of (1) 2 No’s of 18.5KW,415V motor ,90% efficiency,0.82
Power Factor ,(2)
2 No’s of 7.5KW,415V motor ,90% efficiency,0.82 Power
Factor,(3) 10KW ,415V
Lighting Load. The Targeted Power Factor for System
is 0.98.
§  Electrical
Load is connected 24 Hours, Electricity Charge is 100Rs/KVA and
10Rs/KW.
§    Calculate
size of Discharge Resistor for discharging of capacitor Bank.
Discharge rate of
Capacitor is 50v in less than 1 minute.
§  Also
Calculate reduction in KVAR rating of Capacitor if Capacitor Bank is
operated
at frequency of 40Hz instead of 50Hz and If Operating Voltage 400V
instead of
415V.
§  Capacitor
is connected in star Connection, Capacitor voltage 415V, Capacitor
Cost is
60Rs/Kvar. Annual Deprecation Cost of Capacitor is 12%.
Calculation:
For Connection (1):
§    Total Load
KW for Connection(1) =Kw / Efficiency=(18.5×2) /
90%=41.1KW
§    Total Load
KVA (old) for Connection(1)= KW /Old Power Factor= 41.1
 /0.82=50.1 KVA
§    Total Load
KVA (new) for Connection(1)= KW /New Power Factor= 41.1
/0.98= 41.9KVA
§  Total Load
KVAR= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) / New
p.f])
§  Total Load
KVAR1=41.1x([(√1-(0.82)2) / 0.82]- [(√1-(0.98)2) / 0.98])
§  Total
Load KVAR1=20.35 KVAR
§  OR
§  tanǾ1=Arcos(0.82)=0.69
§  tanǾ2=Arcos(0.98)=0.20
§  Total Load
KVAR1= KWX (tanǾ1- tanǾ2) =41.1(0.69-0.20)=20.35KVAR

For Connection (2):

§    Total Load
KW for Connection(2) =Kw / Efficiency=(7.5×2) /
90%=16.66KW
§    Total Load
KVA (old) for Connection(1)= KW /Old Power Factor= 16.66
/0.83=20.08 KVA
§  Total Load
KVA (new) for Connection(1)= KW /New Power Factor= 16.66
/0.98= 17.01KVA
§  Total Load
KVAR2= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) / New
p.f])
§  Total Load
KVAR2=20.35x([(√1-(0.83)2) / 0.83]- [(√1-(0.98)2) / 0.98])
§  Total
Load KVAR2=7.82 KVAR

For Connection (3):

§  Total Load
KW for Connection(3) =Kw =10KW
§    Total Load
KVA (old) for Connection(1)= KW /Old Power Factor=
10/0.85=11.76 KVA
§    Total Load
KVA (new) for Connection(1)= KW /New Power Factor= 10
/0.98= 10.20KVA
§  Total Load
KVAR3= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) / New
p.f])
§  Total Load
KVAR3=20.35x([(√1-(0.85)2) / 0.85]- [(√1-(0.98)2) / 0.98])
§  Total
Load KVAR1=4.17 KVAR
§  Total
KVAR=KVAR1+ KVAR2+KVAR3
§  Total
KVAR=20.35+7.82+4.17
§  Total
KVAR=32 Kvar
****************************************************************
 *************
Size of Capacitor Bank:
§   Site
of Capacitor Bank=32 Kvar.
§  Leading
KVAR supplied by each Phase= Kvar/No of Phase
§  Leading
KVAR supplied by each Phase =32/3=10.8Kvar/Phase
§  Capacitor
Charging Current (Ic)= (Kvar/Phase x1000)/Volt
§  Capacitor
Charging Current (Ic)= (10.8×1000)/(415/√3)
§  Capacitor
Charging Current (Ic)=44.9Amp
§  Capacitance
of Capacitor = Capacitor Charging Current (Ic)/ Xc
§  Xc=2 x 3.14
x f x v=2×3.14x50x(415/√3)=75362
§  Capacitance
of Capacitor=44.9/75362= 5.96µF
§  Required
3 No’s of 10.8 Kvar Capacitors and
§  Total
Size of Capacitor Bank is 32Kvar
****************************************************************
*************

 Protection of
Capacitor Bank:
Size of HRC Fuse for
Capacitor Bank Protection
§   Size
of the fuse =165% to 200% of Capacitor Charging current.
§  Size of the
fuse=2×44.9Amp
§  Size of the
fuse=90Amp
****************************************************************
*************
Size of Circuit Breaker
for Capacitor Protection:
§      Size
of the Circuit Breaker =135% to 150% of Capacitor Charging
current.
§  Size of the
Circuit Breaker=1.5×44.9Amp
§  Size of the
Circuit Breaker=67Amp
§  Thermal
relay setting between 1.3 and 1.5of Capacitor Charging current.
§  Thermal
relay setting of C.B=1.5×44.9 Amp
§  Thermal
relay setting of C.B=67 Amp
§  Magnetic
relay setting between 5 and 10 of Capacitor Charging current.
§  Magnetic
relay setting of C.B=10×44.9Amp
§  Magnetic
relay setting of C.B=449Amp
****************************************************************
*************
Sizing of cables for
capacitor Connection:
§      Capacitors
can withstand a permanent over current of 30% +tolerance of
10% on capacitor
Current.
§  Cables size
for Capacitor Connection= 1.3 x1.1 x nominal capacitor Current
§  Cables
size for Capacitor Connection = 1.43 x nominal capacitor Current
§  Cables size
for Capacitor Connection=1.43×44.9Amp
§  Cables size
for Capacitor Connection=64 Amps
****************************************************************
*************
Maximum size of discharge
Resistor for Capacitor:
§   Capacitors
will be discharge by discharging resistors.
§    After the
capacitor is disconnected from the source of supply, discharge
resistors are
required for discharging each unit within 3 min to 75 V or less
from initial
nominal peak voltage (according IEC-standard 60831).
§    Discharge
resistors have to be connected directly to the capacitors. There
shall be no
switch, fuse cut-out or any other isolating device between the
capacitor unit
and the discharge resistors.
§  Max.
Discharge resistance Value (Star Connection) = Ct / Cn x Log (Un
x√2/ Dv).
§  Max.
Discharge resistance Value (Delta Connection)= Ct / 1/3xCn x Log
(Un x√2/ Dv)
§  Where Ct
=Capacitor Discharge Time (sec)
§  Cn=Capacitance 
Farad.
§  Un = Line
Voltage
§  Dv=Capacitor
Discharge voltage.
§  Maximum
Discharge resistance =60 / ((5.96/1000000)x log ( 415x√2 /50)
§  Maximum
Discharge resistance=4087 KΩ
****************************************************************
*************

Effect of Decreasing
Voltage & Frequency on Rating of Capacitor:
§   The
kvar of capacitor will not be same if voltage applied to the capacitor and
frequency changes
§  Reduced in
Kvar size of Capacitor when operating 50 Hz unit at 40 Hz
§  Actual KVAR
= Rated KVAR x(Operating Frequency / Rated Frequency)
§  Actual KVAR
= Rated KVAR x(40/50)
§  Actual KVAR
= 80% of Rated KVAR
§  Hence 32
Kvar Capacitor works as 80%x32Kvar= 26.6Kvar
§  Reduced in
Kvar size of Capacitor when operating 415V unit at 400V
§  Actual KVAR
= Rated KVAR x(Operating voltage / Rated voltage)^2
§  Actual KVAR
= Rated KVAR x(400/415)^2
§  Actual
KVAR=93% of Rated KVAR
§  Hence 32
Kvar Capacitor works as 93%x32Kvar= 23.0Kvar
****************************************************************
*************
Annual Saving and Pay Back
Period
 Before Power Factor Correction:
§   Total
electrical load KVA (old)= KVA1+KVA2+KVA3
§  Total
electrical load= 50.1+20.08+11.76
§  Total
electrical load=82 KVA
§  Total
electrical Load KW=kW1+KW2+KW3
§  Total electrical
Load KW=37+15+10
§  Total
electrical Load KW =62kw
§  Load
Current=KVA/V=80×1000/(415/1.732)
§  Load
Current=114.1 Amp
§  KVA Demand
Charge=KVA X Charge
§  KVA Demand
Charge=82x60Rs
§  KVA Demand
Charge=8198 Rs
§  Annual Unit
Consumption=KWx Daily usesx365
§  Annual Unit
Consumption=62x24x365 =543120 Kwh
§  Annual
charges =543120×10=5431200 Rs
§  Total
Annual Cost= 8198+5431200
§  Total
Annual Cost before Power Factor Correction= 5439398 Rs
****************************************************************
*********

After Power Factor

Correction:
§   Total
electrical load KVA (new)= KVA1+KVA2+KVA3
§  Total
electrical load= 41.95+17.01+10.20
§  Total
electrical load=69 KVA
§  Total
electrical Load KW=kW1+KW2+KW3
§  Total
electrical Load KW=37+15+10
§  Total
electrical Load KW =62kw
§  Load
Current=KVA/V=69×1000/(415/1.732)
§  Load
Current=96.2 Amp
§  KVA Demand
Charge=KVA X Charge
§  KVA Demand
Charge=69x60Rs =6916 Rs————-(1)
§  Annual Unit
Consumption=KWx Daily usesx365
§  Annual Unit
Consumption=62x24x365 =543120 Kwh
§  Annual
charges =543120×10=5431200 Rs—————–(2)
§  Capital
Cost of capacitor= Kvar x Capacitor cost/Kvar = 82 x 60= 4919 Rs—
(3)
§  Annual
Interest and Deprecation Cost =4919 x 12%=590 Rs—–(4)
§  Total
Annual Cost= 6916+5431200+4919+590
§  Total
Annual Cost After Power Factor Correction =5438706 Rs
****************************************************************
*******
 Pay Back Period:
§   Total
Annual Cost before Power Factor Correction= 5439398 Rs
§  Total
Annual Cost After Power Factor Correction =5438706 Rs
§  Annual
Saving= 5439398-5438706 Rs

§  Annual
Saving= 692 Rs
§  Payback
Period= Capital Cost of Capacitor / Annual Saving

§  Payback
Period= 4912 / 692
§  Payback
Period = 7.1 Years
**************************************************************
**********
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