SOLID MECHANICS

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 1
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Q. A load of 2 MN is applied on a short concrete column 500 X 500 m. The
column is reinforced with four steel bars of 10 mm diameter, one in each
corner. Find the stresses in the concrete and steel bars. Take E for steel as 2.1
X 105 N/mm2 and for concrete as 1.4 X 104 N/mm2.

500 mm
Steel Bars

500 mm

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 2
Q. A mild steel rod of 20 mm diameter and 300 mm long is
enclosed centrally inside a hollow copper tube of external
diameter 30 mm and internal diameter of 25 mm. The ends of
the tube and rods are brazed together, and the composite bar is
subjected to an axial pull of 40 KN, if E for steel and copper is
200 GN/m2 and 100 GN/m2 respectively, find the stresses
developed in the rod and tube. Also fid the extension of the rod.

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 3
Q. A brass bar, having cross-section area of 900
mm2, is subjected to axial forces as shown in
figure in which AB = 0.6 m, BC = 0.8 m and CD =
1.0m. Find the total elongation of the bar. Take E
= 1 X 105 N/mm2

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 4
Q. A bar having a cross-sectional area of 700mm2 is subjected to
axial loads at the positions indicated. The value of stress in the
segment QR is:

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 5
Q. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4
as shown in figure. Calculate the force P3 necessary for
equilibrium if P1 = 120 KN, P2 = 120 KN and P4 = 160KN.
Determine also the net change in the length of the member. Take
E = 200 GN/m2.

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 6
THERMAL STRESSES IN COMPOSITE BARS
• As the coefficient of linear expansion of brass
is more than of the steel, the brass will expand
more than the steel.
• Hence the free expansion of the brass will be
more than of the steel.

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 7
• But both the members are not free to expand
and hence the expansion of the composite bar
as whole will be less than that of brass, but
more than that of steel.

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 8
• Hence the stress induced in the brass will be
compressive and stresses in the steel will be
tensile as shown in figure.

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 9
 • Let Ab = Area of X-section of brass bar
• σb = stress in brass (Compressive)
• Ɛb = strain in brass
• αb = Coefficient of linear expansion for brass
• Eb = Young’s Modulus for brass
• As, σs, Ɛs, Es are the values corresponding to steel.
• T = Rise in Temperature

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 10
δ = Actual expansion of the composite bar.
Now load on brass = Stress in brass X Area of brass
= σb X Ab -- (1)
Load on steel = σs X As -- (2)
For the equilibrium of the system,
Load on brass = Load on steel
σb X Ab = σs X As -- (3)

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 11
Actual expansion of the steel = Free expansion of the steel +
expansion due to tensile stresses in the steel
σ𝑠
= αs. T. L + .L [ΔL = PL/AE = (σ/E). L]
𝐸𝑠

Actual expansion of the brass = Free expansion of the brass -

contraction due to compressive stresses in the brass

σ𝑏
= αb. T. L + .L
𝐸𝑏
We know that actual expansion of steel = Actual expansion of brass
σ𝑠 σ𝑏
αs. T. L + .L = αb. T. L + .L
𝐸𝑠 𝐸𝑏
σ𝑠 σ𝑏
αs. T + = αb. T +
𝐸𝑠 𝐸𝑏

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 12
Q. A steel rod of 20 mm diameter passes
centrally through copper tube of 50 mm
external diameter and 40 mm internal diameter.
The tube is closed at each end by plates of
negligible thickness. The nuts are tightened
home on the projecting parts of the rod. If the
temperature of the assembly is raised by 50°C,
calculate the stresses developed in copper and
steel. Take E for steel and copper as 200 GN/m2
and 100 GN/m2 and α for steel and copper as 12
X 10-6 per °C and 18 X 10-6 per °C .

SOLID MECHANICS- MEC201

8/11/2020 COURSE INSTRUCTOR :: Jai Inder Preet Singh 13