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DAY 4PM Activity 3 Word PDF
DAY 4PM Activity 3 Word PDF
Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Concept, Relationship and
Importance of Politics, Governance
and Governmen
Philippine Politics and Governance for Grade 12
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Quarter 1 – Module 1: The Concept, Relationship and Importance of Politics
Governance and Government
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.
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Development Team of the Module
Compiler/Contextualizer:
Edwin L. Perino, J.D., Apas National High School
Vivian E. Emping , MT-1 -Apas National High School Editors /
Reviewers:
Alice Ganar, Anna Hazel Vasaya, John Paul Kapuno, Joy Andilab,
Remus C. Marińas, Daisy Von Dy and Florenda Geyroza Management
Team:
RHEA MAR A. ANGTUD, EdD
Schools Division Superintendent
VANESSA L. HARAYO,LLB
EPS-in-charge of LRMS
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Philippine Politics
and
III
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Concept, Relationship and
Importance of
Politics, Governance and
Government
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was designed to assist learning delivery mode of senior high
school curriculum following the set of competencies based on Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELCs) released by DepEd central office. As facilitators for
learning, teachers will guide and assist students to achieve the required learning set
of standards in the K-12 curriculum while keeping learners safe in their respective
homes in this time of pandemic.
This learning resource material will enable the learners to engage themselves
in a guided and independent set of learning activities at their own pacing.
Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills
while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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Welcome to Philippine Politics and Governance, a specialized subject in the
Senior High School offered in grade 12, module 1 is entitled The Concept,
Relationship and Importance of Politics, Governance and Government.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
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Additional
Activities
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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First Quarter
Week 1- Module 1
The Concept, Relationship and Importance of Politics,
Governance and Government
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
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b. To foster friendly relations with other countries.
c. To exercise the right to vote or to run for public office.
d. To allow people to protest when they have issues against the
government.
4. The Philippine Congress which is made up of the House of Representatives
and the House of the Senate belongs to what branch of the government?
a. Judicial b. Executive c. Legislative d. None of the choices
5. The Philippine President enforces or implements the laws of the land. He /
She is the head of what agency?
a. Legislative b. Executive c. Judicial d. Regulative
This module is intended for Senior High School students. Philippine Politics and
Governance is a specialized subject for Senior High School Curriculum. The course
focuses on how to develop ability to solve problems and make decisions by examining
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various political concepts, structures of government within societies and among
nations, and political culture that shape societies through public policy.
Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. It is about making
agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes,
cities, or countries. Politics is the way in which we understand and order our social
affairs and acquire greater control over the situation.
Basic concepts of politics include the ideas of order, power, and justice.
What’s In
The constitution, being the fundamental and highest law of any country, provides for
the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or group. Much of political aspects
are laid down by the present 1987 constitution. The politics of the Philippines take
place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative and democratic
republic where the president is both the head of the state and the government within
pluriform multi- party system. This system revolves around three separate yet
independent branches. The legislative branch which is vested in both the government
and the bicameral congress, made up of the Senate and the House of
Representatives. The legislative has the power and functions to make, revise, amend
or repeal laws. The executive power is exercised by the government under the
leadership of the president. The executive branch performs powers and functions in
the enforcement of the laws. The judicial power which is the power to try and hear
cases along with the interpretation of the constitution and other laws is vested in the
courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
The Philippines adheres to the ideology of republicanism which is a form of
representational government in which leaders are elected by the people. It is also
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democratic in the sense that civil liberties such as freedom of speech and expression
are enjoyed by the people. Moreover, rule of law prevails in democracy and no one is
above the law. It is a republic with presidential form of government wherein the
powers are equally divided in the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Furthermore, it is unitary as most if not all of the governing powers reside in a
centralized government.
Instruction: Inside the box below are some of the concepts that are true to the
Philippine political system. Write the correct answer on your answer
sheet, choices can be answered more than once.
Constitution Democracy Executive
______4. The government of the people, by the people and for the people.
______5. Most if not all of the governing powers are exercised by the national
government.
______6. The president is both the head of the state and the government.
______7. The law-making body of the Philippines which is bicameral or with two
houses.
______8. The Supreme Court of the Philippines belongs to this department.
______9. This makes people enjoy their civil liberties like freedom of speech,
expression, or religion.
_____10. To rule that a law is constitutional or not is the duty of this department.
What’s New
Aristotle said that “Man is by nature a political animal.” He was motivated by his
claim that every man, by nature, has an impulse towards a partnership with others.
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Why do people participate in political life? Daily, people can not escape from political
realities happening.
The following reports including thousands of others reflect the involvement of people
to politics, either directly or indirectly.
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1. Political dynasties Families in which several members are involved in
politics and businesses.
2. Vote buying Purely an economic exchange in which the voter sells
his or her vote to the highest bidder.
3. Impeachment of the An exclusive list of public officials whose removal from
President office can be initiated in the House of Representatives
and tried by the House of the Senate.
4. Automated election A system using appropriate technology for voting and
system electronic devices to count votes and canvass/
consolidate results.
5.Protest against Anti- Rights groups condemn the law to criminalize dissent
Terror Law and crack down on critics of the government.
Examining the examples presented above, what are common to these events? Why
do you think these events are affecting people’s lives? Have you thought of the close
connection between politics, governance and government? Can these three terms be
studied by Political Science?
________2. People protesting against the proposal for the restoration of death penalty.
________9. The president addressing the nation during his annual state of the
nation address.
What is It
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The connection between Politics (the phenomenon) and Political Science (the
method of inquiry).
Politics (from Greek word “politika” which means the affairs of the state) is the set
of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups or other forms of
power relations between individuals. This refers to the actions or activities with
achieving and using power in a country or society. The affairs can be in the economic,
social, environmental, cultural and political aspects of the country.
The basic concepts of politics are order, power, and justice. The study of politics
seeks to study how human life in the aggregate is ORDERED firstly; as a community
of individuals who shares a common identity; secondly, as a government which is
tasked to maintain and perpetuate the community.
Second concept of politics is power. With power, the government can maintain order,
function properly as in the delivery of public services. The concept of justice is served
if exercised in the interests of the ruled or the people.
Political Science is the study of politics. It deals with systems of governance and
the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, constitution and political
behavior. The nature, relationship and importance of politics, governance, and
government are explained by Political Science. The table below describes the
similarities and differences between Politics and Political Science.
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1. Politics could not exist without the theoretical foundation of political
science and in turn, political science would not exist without politics.
2. Political Science deals with abstract ideas like forms and structure of
government while politics is the concrete act of governing a country.
3. Both Politics and Political Science are not mutually exclusive as both focus
on governance and refer to the state of affairs of a country. The government
and the structure of political system are the subjects of both.
Government - refers to a group of people that has the power to rule in a territory
like a country, provinces within a country or a region. The conduct of governmental
functions is exercised by elected and appointed officials or civil servants.
Government pursuant to the constitution or set of fundamental principles makes
laws, regulations, and policies to ensure effective governance. The government is
responsible for the people's well-being and happiness through the delivery of social
welfare, law and order, defense and financial affairs of the country. The existence of
a government in whatever forms and the power and functions of officials are provided
by constitution and other laws. Essentially, the government of the Philippines which
the constitution provides as being democratic, republican, presidential and unitary
comes to life upon the people’s consent through approval by way of a referendum or
plebiscite.
Governance involves the processes and institutions to produce results that meet the
needs of the society. The affairs of the government which are run by officials either
as elected or appointed are put into real action through governance. Governance
entails the processes of decision making and the implementation of such decision.
Is there good governance in the collection and disposal of garbage? How about the
management of traffic? Are rivers emptied of all kinds of trash? Is the city safe from
all sorts of criminal activities? Is your school free from acts of bullying? Are health
services readily accessible? Now, who are the people behind governance? And for
whom governance is? Will people benefit from good governance? On the contrary,
what if bad governance is practiced?
The power exercised by the participating sectors is always for the common good.
“Salus populi est suprema lex” or the welfare of the people is the supreme law
justifies that governance must redound to the welfare of the people.
Indicators of Good Governance:
1. Participatory- that requires active participation of different sectors of society.
2. Rule of law – that the government is of law and not of men is a democratic
principle which puts no one, however rich or powerful, above the law.
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3. Effectiveness and efficiency – an effective governance happens when the needs of
society are met by the different sectors while there is efficient governance when
resources are utilized and not wasted.
4. Responsiveness – that the institutions and processes serve the people in a timely
and appropriate manner.
5. Equity and inclusiveness – that all members of society, especially the most
vulnerable ones must be taken into consideration in policy making
7. Consensus oriented – when decisions are made after taking into consideration the
different viewpoints of the people
8. Accountability – that every person or groups are responsible for their actions most
especially when their acts affect public interest.
The relationship of these three terms is with reference to the various affairs of the
country or state affecting people’s lives whether economic, social, cultural,
religious, environmental or political termed as POLITICS to the policy-making,
decisions, and implementations vested in the elected or appointed government
officials referred to as the GOVERNEMNT, which will carry out these functions into
action known as GOVERNANCE. The nature, relationship, and importance of
these terms are inquired into by Political Science.
What’s More
______2. It has something to do with how the affairs of the government are being run.
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Instruction: Classify if the given situation below constitutes participatory, rule of
law, effectiveness and efficiency, responsiveness, equity and
inclusiveness, transparency, consensus oriented or accountability
in good governance. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
__________1. The audit and accounting records of a government office can be seen
and checked.
__________2. Before a death penalty law can be passed, all sectors of society are free
to express their opinions.
__________5. For all to see, the school has continuously posted its purchases of
materials allowable under monetary and other operating expenses along
with the balances.
__________6. To prevent the increase of covid-19 cases, the government involved the
services of police, soldiers, and private sectors.
__________9. The court meticulously evaluates the testimonies of the witness and the
evidences presented before a decision is promulgated.
_________10. The drug lord was sentenced to life imprisonment due to his criminal
conduct
__________1. The foremost indicators of bad governance in the Philippines are the
unending cycle of poverty, deep seated tradition of corruption and the
huge gap between the rich and the poor.
__________3. The principle that no one is above the law belongs to the concept of
transparency.
__________4. Bad governance is the root cause of all problems of many countries.
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__________5. Governance which is the power exercised by public sector, private sector
or civil society is for the common good.
__________9. Bad governance could come from ineffective and inefficient services of
those employed in the public sector.
Politics
Government
Governance
Instruction: Write your responses on the items asked inside the interlinked
circles. Copy and answer in your answer sheet.
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What are the
functions of
the
government?
What is the
purpose of
government?
What I Can Do
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Evaluating the kind of politics and style of governance in your locality.
Instructions: Let us process your learning on politics and governance right in the
places where you live. The following situations involve politics and
governance by your officials. To be able to answer, you are guided with
questions found after this table. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
Each response is worth ten (10) points.
Guide Questions:
1. What are some of the observable behavior of people on these two situations?
Are the kind of politics and the style of governance practiced on those locations
the same, different, effective or ineffective? You have to support your answer
with facts available on line or from reading materials.
2. In your own little way as a student, what help you can offer as a possible
solution in each situation?
Assessment
Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
4. It refers to the way that people living in groups make decisions and making
agreements among people so that they can live together in groups, cities, tribes,
or countries.
a. Politics b. Political Science c. Economics d. Linguistics
5. Which of the following choices can be the best response to the statement that
“politics can be studied by analyzing events and comparing them in today’s
political arena to attempt to predict outcomes.”
a. True b. False c. Maybe d. Can’t be determined
7. Public school teachers routinely submit lesson plans, attends their classes
regularly and at same time utilize public resources without indication of wastage.
This constitutes ____________.
a. Participatory c. Consensus-oriented
b. Effectiveness and efficiency d. Rule of law
10. What could be the implication of Aristotle’s description that “Man is by nature
a political animal.”
a. Man is both a body and a spirit.
b. Man by nature is born free and good.
c. Man by nature is born evil, cruel and selfish.
d. Man by nature has the impulse towards a partnership with others.
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Additional Activities
Applying your learning of the concepts of politics, governance, and government and
you as a citizen who is a member of the political body which is the Philippines,
answer the following activities by writing a position paper using these instructions:
Position Paper Topic 2: The Present Philippine Congress reviving the death
penalty on drug related cases and heinous crimes.
References:
Illustration
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1. Philippine police crack down on LGBT protest, 10-21-2020,
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/29/philippines-police-crack-down-lgbt-protest
2. Philippine health workers battle corona virus, harassment, 10-21-2020,
https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/philippine-health-workers-
battlecoronavirus-harassment
Online Sources
1. What is the origin of the word “politics”? What is its definition, 10-21-2020,
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-origin-of-word-politics-What-is-its-definition
2. Governance/Politics and Power, 1-21-2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/governance
3. Political Science, 10-21-2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-science
4. What is governance, 10-21-2020, https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/what-
isgovernance/
5. What is Politics and Governance?, 10-21-
2020,?https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/category/politics-and-governance/
6. Eight Elements of Good Governance, 10-21-2010, https://www.governancepro.com/news/
7. The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, 10-21-2020,
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
8. Politics and Governance with Philippine Constitution and Philippine History
Notes, 10-21-2020,
https://www.academia.edu/30874515/POLITICS_AND_GOVERNANCE_WITH_PHILIPPINE_CONSTITUTI
ON_AND_PHILIPPINEHISTORY_NOTES
9. Governance Indicators in the Philippines: A users’ Guide, 10-21-2020,
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/38658351/governance-indicators-in-the-philippine-a-users-
guide
10. Philippine Governance Indicators Survey Tools. Alex Brillantes.10-21-2020,
https://www.academia.edu/10082234/PHILIPPINE_GOVERNANCE_INDICATORS_SURVEY_TOOLS
11. Metro Manila residents march to demand food during COVID 19 lockdown, 10-21-2020,
https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/street-protest-04012020150151.html
12. Manual Audit reports 99% accuracy rate of May 13 polls, 10-21-2020,
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071703
11. Political dynasties, democratic decay in Philippines, 10-21-2020,
https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/political-dynasties-democratic-decay-in-philippines/
12. Philippine president is impeached, 10-21-2020,
https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=82143&page=1
13. PNP: 441 arrested across Philippines for alleged vote buying, 10-21-2020,
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1118680/pnp-441-arrested-acsross-philippines-for-alleged-vote-buying
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Answer Key
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Act. 1. Synthesis
Note : Referred to as the various affairs of the country or state affecting people’s lives
whether economic, social, cultural, religious, environmental or political (POLITICS), the
decisions and implementations rest with either elected or appointed government officials (
GOVERNEMNT) who will carry out these functions into action (GOVERNANCE).
POLITICS GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE
- The various affairs of - Composed of elected - The act of carrying
the country and civil servants out the function of
- the set of activities - Referred to as the the government from
that are associated group of people who national down to
with making formulates plans, local gov’t units like
decisions in groups make decisions and province, city,
or other forms of implements these municipality and
power relations decisions barangay)
between individuals
- involves the concept
of order, power and
justice
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