Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Bulacan
JOHN J. RUSSELL MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sibul Springs, San Miguel, Bulacan

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE

PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD

Elements and Contexts of 21st Century

Philippine Literature

ACTIVITY SHEET

NAME: ______________________________________________________________

GRADE AND SECTION: __________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _________________________________________________

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards:
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and context of
21st century literature from the regions.

B. Performance Standards:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st
century literature of the world through critical paper that analyzes literary texts in
relation to the context of the reader and the writer or a critical paper that
interprets literary texts using any of the critical approaches.

C. MELCs: Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the
ones from the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures, and
traditions.

D. Specific Objectives:
1. identify the various elements in 21st century literature.
2. define each element, genres, structures of context in 21st century literature
from the Philippine literature.
3. use those elements in creating a certain literary work.

II. CONTENT
LESSON 1: GENRES OF LITERATURE

III. PROCEDURES:
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Pre-Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write only the letter of the
correct answer.
1. It is a special type of poem intended to be humorous. It consists of five
lines only.
a) Ballad b) Limerick c) Humorous
2. The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of
successive lines or stanzas.
a) Anaphora b) anadiplosis c) alliteration
3. This is a traditional form of poetry which originated in Japan.
a) Lyric b) haiku c) narrative
4. Is simply the combination of agreeable and melodious sounds which
make a poem pleasant to listen.
a) Stanza b) Rhyme c) Euphony
5. It is a form of language that exhibits a natural flow of speech and
grammatical structure.
a) Poetry b) Prose c) Drama
6. The branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose
dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality.
a) Non-fiction b) Fiction c) Imagery
 7. It is created when we analyze the stressed and unstressed syllables within
the lines of a poem.
a) Stanza b) pattern c) beat
8. It is much more highly stylized than prose.
a) Narrative b) Poetry c) Verse
9. This kind of rhyming is different from end rhyme in that the rhyming
takes place somewhere within the line and not at the end.
a) Internal rhyme b) end rhyme c) rhythm
10.It is the grouping of the lines, sort of like a paragraph.
a) Stanza b) pattern c) variety

2. Reviewing Previous Lesson:

American culture encompasses the customs and traditions of the United States.
"Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language,
marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet
visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things," said Cristina De
Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet and Southgate College in London.

The United States is sometimes described as a "melting pot" in which different

cultures have contributed their own distinct "flavors" to American culture. Just as
cultures from around the world have influenced American culture, today American
culture influences the world. The term Western culture often refers broadly to the
cultures of the United States and Europe.
Language
There is no official language of the United States, according to the U.S.
government. While almost every language in the world is spoken in the United States,
the most frequently spoken non-English languages are Spanish, Chinese, French, and
German. Ninety percent of the U.S. population speaks and understands at least some
English, and most official business is conducted in English.
American food
American cuisine was influenced by Europeans and Native Americans in its early
history. Today, there are several foods that are commonly identified as American, such
as hamburgers, hot dogs, potato chips, macaroni and cheese, and meat loaf. "As
American as apple pie" has come to mean something that is authentically American.

There are also styles of cooking and types of foods that are specific to a region.
Southern-style cooking is often called "American comfort food" and includes dishes such
as fried chicken, collard greens, black-eyed peas, and corn bread. Tex-Mex, popular in
Texas and the Southwest, is a blend of Spanish and Mexican cooking styles and includes
items such as chili and burritos and relies heavily on shredded cheese and beans.

American style
Clothing styles vary by social status, region, occupation, and climate. Jeans,
sneakers, baseball caps, cowboy hats and boots are some items of clothing that are
closely associated with Americans. Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors, and
Victoria Secret are some well-known American brands.
American fashion is widely influenced by celebrities and the media, and fashion sales
equal around $200 billion per year, according to a paper published by Harvard
University in 2007. More and more Americans are buying fashion, electronics and more
online. According to the Census Bureau, U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the first
quarter of 2017 totaled around $98.1 billion.

B. Presenting the new lesson.

ACTIVITY
1. Motivation

Design a poster so that books and other reading material can be sorted into a genre.
To do this, create columns and rows. Label one column Genres, and another Qualities.
Decide the genre for whatever texts you read throughout the year and discuss the
characteristics of that genre. Then add the qualities to the poster gradually. For
instance, look at the following qualities of an autobiography.

 Written in first person

 Describes a person's life
 Based on a real person
 Facts and information are given

ANALYSIS:
Processing questions:
A. Define what is poetry?
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B. What are the different elements of poetry?

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3. ABSTRACTION (Discussion of the Topic)

A. According to Form
1. Prose – is a form of language that exhibits a natural flow of speech and grammatical
structure, rather than a rhythmic structure as in traditional poetry.
Prose comes from the Latin “prosa” which means “straightforward”.
 Narrative Prose
Nonfiction Prose – Speech
2. Poetry – (the term derives from a variant of the Greek term poesies,
(“making”) is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language –
such as phonesthetics, sound symbolism, and meter – to evoke meanings in addition to,
or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
3. Drama – is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in pantomime or
dialogue, containing conflict of characters, particularly the ones who perform in
front of audience on the stage.
The person who writes drama for stage directions is known as a dramatist or playwright.
B. According to content
1. Fiction – literature in the form of prose, especially short stories, and novels,
that describes imaginary events and people.
2. Non-fiction – the branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose.
dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality,
including biography, history, and the essay (opposed to fiction and
distinguished from poetry and drama).
C. According to Presentation
 Print
 Oral
 Digital

THE ELEMENTS of POETRY

FORM
Whenever we look at a poem, the first thing we will probably notice is its form. In other
words, poems have a given form. One poem will look very different from another, and
still another poem will look very distinct from the second one, and so on. Each poet uses
the "form" which will most effectively express what he wants to convey to other human
beings.
LINES
After looking at a poem and seeing that it has some sort of form, we often notice that it
also consists of lines. These are the vehicle of the authors thoughts and ideas. These are
the building blocks with which to create a poem. The words of each line proceed as
usual from left to right, but they curiously end where the poet wants them to stop.
Therefore, you may have some lines that are of equal length and others which are not.
Besides the length and margining of the first word in each line, the punctuation at the
end of each is also a major tool for the poet. At times he will want us to make a full stop,
other times a gentle or slight pause, and even others perhaps a sudden break, and so
on. Ultimately, then, poetry creates sensations, moods, and images in the reader's mind.

STANZAS
The lines in a poem are most often divided into sections looking as some sort of
paragraphing. These we call stanzas. A stanza, therefore, is the grouping of the lines,
sort of like a paragraph.

RHYME
Rhyme is the sonic imitation usually of end syllables of words. There are basically two
kinds of rhyme used in poetry. The first is the most typical and best known by young
people, end rhyme, in which the words at the end of a given line rhyme. The second kind
of rhyme is called internal rhyme. This kind of rhyming is different from end rhyme in
that the rhyming takes place somewhere within the line and not at the end. But most of
us
find it more natural to use rhyming at the end and not in the middle of our poem's lines.
Still, the most widely read and enjoyed poetry artfully combines these and other patterns
and techniques for the creation of the poems.
PATTERN
Rhyme contributes to creating a pattern when read appropriately. It creates a special
effect which results in being pleasant and motivating. Humans in general are susceptible
to patterns. As a matter of fact, we live with all sorts of patterns every day of our lives.
Our very lives are patterns themselves. The human mind itself has an inherent (internal)
patterning force and capacity which allows the individual to perceive and create the
patterns inherent in poems. And it is rhyme which is one of the contributors to the
pattern created in reading or writing a poem.
SQUEEZE ... TEASE;
RUN ... FUN;
DEMONSTRATE ... WHAT SHE ATE

Another contributor to pattern is the number of syllables, as can be seen in the third set
of the examples given right above. De-mons-trate as imitated by what-she-ate. Still
another element which contributes to pattern is the accommodation and distribution of
the lines. The reader is thus led or even forced into following a given pattern,

BEAT
But the ultimate creator of pattern is the combination of the stressed syllables in any
line of a poem.

RHYTHM
This brings us to the topic of rhythm, perhaps the pivot point of all the elements,
because it is rhythm which creates the pleasant gliding effect when we read a poem. It
helps us as readers to travel along the lines of the poem with a certain enjoyable tempo
created by the components of rhythm.

EUPHONY
Euphony is simply the combination of agreeable and melodious sounds which make a
poem pleasant to listen to. It is the nice- sounding tone of a poem when read. This is the
reason why a poem is never as effective as when read aloud -- simply because
poetry in general deals a lot with the euphonic sounds contained within it.
EUPHONY is perhaps one ultimate aim of poetry. The esthete -- the beautiful. It is poetry
which allows mankind to express such beauty from within. Poetry itself is beauty
created.

TYPES of POETRY
I. NARRATIVE
There are many kinds or types of poems. Some describe what poets see; somewhat they
remember; and others what they perceive through other senses. But other
poems are intended to tell a story. These are called narrative poems. Just like the
regular stories which you read in your literature courses a narrative poem also has the
same basic elements. It has a setting, one or more characters in it, usually a conflict, a
plot which builds up to a climax, and even a conclusion, oftentimes. The story which the
narrative poem tells can also be about almost anything.
II. LYRIC/DESCRIPTIVE
Lyric poetry, also called descriptive poetry, is a very personal kind of poetry. It is usually
brief, melodic, and very expressive. It is descriptive in essence and conveys.
impressions, feelings, emotions, sensations, and very personal and intimate views
concerning an experience. Lyric or Descriptive poetry may touch such themes as:
nature, beauty, love and friendship, the joy of life, death, patriotism, and the like.
III. HUMOROUS
It is probable that you, as student of literature, have never really stopped to think.
how versatile poetry is. But it is because poetry is so flexible, so plastic, that there are so
many varieties of poetry in the world or nation. The plasticity of poetry makes it possible
therefore for authors to bend and shape this kind of written expression to suit their
needs or purposes.
C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES:
1. Activity A
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1.How did you find the earlier literature traditions?

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2. What is the importance in studying earlier literature traditions?

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3. How would you compare the literature during the early times to modern
times?

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2. Activity B
List down your 5 most favorite OPM songs and write the lyrics. Identify
what elements of poetry are present in chosen songs.

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3. Activity C
Read the short poem below entitled And the World Carries On by O Conor. Find
out all the elements of poetry present in the poem and explain.
 And The World Carries On
By O Conor

The plates will still shift

and the clouds will still spew.
The sun will slowly rise
and the moon will follow too.

Life’s beauty will continue

to flourish all around,
but now you are gone,
these birds have no sound.

And my heart does not beat.

It is still inside my chest.
My tears keep on falling
and my head will not rest.

But I have no choice only

to move through this life.
Endlessly attempting
to fill this longing that is rife.

E. REFLECTION:

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by answering the questions
below.

1. What were your thoughts and ideas about the genres of literature prior to this
lesson?

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2. What is new or additional ideas you learned after taking up the lesson?

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References

A. Book
Ma. Leticia Jose Cabana-Basilan, Ph.D.
Letra 21stCentury Literature in the Philippinesand the World.
Intramuros, Manila.Unlimited books Library Services & Publishing Inc.

B. Online Resources

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-luzon/education/lecture-
notes/learning-activity-sheet-in-21st-lit-week/8752773/view

https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/and-the-world-carries-on