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Developmental Milestones - OSCE Guide: Areas of Development
Developmental Milestones - OSCE Guide: Areas of Development
Developmental Milestones - OSCE Guide: Areas of Development
geekymedics.com/developmental-milestones/
Thom Finnerty
Children acquire functional skills throughout their childhood and we use the term
‘development’ to describe those skills acquired between birth and approximately 5 years
of age. It’s important we’re able to recognise these skills as they are useful to track a
child’s progress as they grow and to allow identification of potential developmental
problems. Early recognition is key in the management of developmental delay –
making the knowledge of these key age-related moments or ‘developmental
milestones’ all the more important.
Areas of development
Developmental milestones may be separated into four functional areas:
Gross motor
Vision and fine motor
Hearing, speech and language
Social, emotional and behavioural
Developmental milestones are acquired in a serial manner – one after the other – and
their achievement follows a similar pattern between children. Below is a list of milestones
by median age of acquisition, sorted by functional areas.
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Age Milestone
6–8 Sits without support (initially with a round back, then eventually with a
months straight back by 8 months)
8–9 Crawling
months
10 Stands independently
months
Cruises around furniture
15 Walks steadily
months
Age Milestone
2/6
4 months Reaches out for toys
Triangle – 5 years
3/6
Fine motor milestones (stacking blocks and
drawing shapes)
Age Milestone
3 – 4 months Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs “aa, aa”
Is able to show two parts of the body “Where is your nose?” – Baby
will point
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Social, emotional and behavioural development
Age Milestone
Takes turns
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Red flags
Simplified ‘limit age’ guides have been produced for health practitioners and parents to
facilitate the early identification of developmental delay (here is an example).
References
Text references
Lissauer, T., Clayden, G., & Craft, A. (2012). Illustrated textbook of paediatrics.
Edinburgh: Mosby.
Tasker, R. C., McClure, R. J., & Acerini, C. L. (2013). Oxford handbook of
paediatrics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Child Development Program (2016). Red Flags Early Identification Guide. 2nd Ed.
Queensland Government. [LINK]
Images references
1. Gross motor: “Stumbling Baby” by Christopher is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
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