INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITECNICO

“SANTIAGO MARIÑO”

MATEMATICAS IV

ECUACIONES
DIFERENCIALES

PROFESORA
ING. DORIS SAAVEDRA
 PROBLEMAS PROPUESTOS EC. DE VARIABLE SEPARADA Y HOMOGENEA

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥3 1
1) = 𝑥+1 = + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑡
3𝑥
8) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = 0 = 6𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶𝑡
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 2 𝑑𝑦 1 + 2𝑦2
2) = = 2
+ 𝐶𝑡 9)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 14 𝑙𝑛 1 + 2𝑦 2 = ln 𝐶𝑠𝑐 1 + 2𝑦 2 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔 1 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑡
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2ln(𝑥 + 1)

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 10) 𝑒 𝑥 = 4𝑥 = −4𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶𝑡
3) 𝑥+1 = 𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 + 5 ln 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐶 −
4) 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 2 11) 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑥=𝑒 𝑦 𝐶𝑡
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦

2 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3
𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑙𝑛
5) y𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶 12) 2y𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑥= 𝑒3 𝑦3 𝐶𝑡
𝑦

3 𝑦 10
6) 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2 𝑑𝑥 + −𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ( − 𝑙𝑛 −3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 + 𝐶𝑡) = 𝑥
4 3 9
7) 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) 38
= + 𝑙𝑛 14𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 3 + 𝐶𝑡
7 49
 𝑑𝑦 2
1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥+1 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥=

𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥3 Solución
𝑦= +2 +𝑥+𝐶 = + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑡 general
3 2 3 𝑥2 𝑥+1
−𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑥−1
−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥2𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 +𝑥 + 1
2) = 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 1+𝑥 𝑦2 1 + 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥+1

1 1 𝑥2
𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 − = − 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶
𝑥+1 𝑦 2

1 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 1 2 Solución
− = +𝐶 𝑦= − + 𝐶𝑡
𝑦 2 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 2ln(𝑥 + 1) general

𝑥+6 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+6 −𝑥 − 1 1
3) 𝑥+1 =𝑥+6 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+6
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 5
𝑥+1

5 Solución
𝑑𝑦 = 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 y = 𝑥 + 5 ln 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑡
𝑥+1 general
 Se sustituye
4) 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
=− 𝑢= 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑦 = 𝑢 + 𝑦 en la ecuación
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑦 −𝑢 − 𝑢2 − 𝑢 −𝑢2 − 2𝑢
𝑢+𝑦 =− y = −𝑦 𝑢 + 1 − 𝑢 = 𝑢+1
=
𝑢+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑢+1 𝑑𝑦 𝑢+1 𝑑𝑦 𝑤 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑢
= − 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑢 =
−𝑢2 − 2𝑢 𝑦 𝑢2 + 2𝑢 𝑦 𝑢2 + 2𝑢 𝑦 d𝑤 = 2𝑢 + 2 = 2 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑢+1 𝑑𝑤
= 𝑑𝑢
2(𝑢 + 1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤 1 1
=− =− ln𝑦 = − 𝑙𝑛𝑤 + 𝑐 = − ln 𝑢2 + 2𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑦 2𝑤 𝑢+1 2𝑤 2 2

1 1
− −
2 2
1 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
ln𝑦 = − ln 2 +2 + 𝑙𝑛𝐶 ln𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 2 +2 +lnc ln𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 +2 ∗𝑐
2 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦

𝑐 𝑐
𝑦= 𝑦= 𝑦𝑐 Solución
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝑦=
𝑥2 2𝑥 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
general
+ 𝑦2
𝑦2 𝑦
 5) y𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 Se sustituye
= 1 𝑢= 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑦 =𝑢+𝑦 en la ecuación
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑢 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑦 2𝑦(𝑢 + 1) 𝑑𝑢
𝑢+𝑦 = = = = 2(𝑢 + 1) 𝑦 = 2 𝑢 + 1 - u = u+2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= = ln 𝑢 + 2 + 𝐶1 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶2 ln + 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦
𝑢+2 𝑦 𝑢+2 𝑦 𝑦

𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑦 Solución
Ln( + 2 ∗ 𝐶) = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 ∗𝐶 = 𝑦 general
𝑦 𝑦

6) 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2 𝑑𝑥 + −𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0 −𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦 = − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2
=
𝑑𝑥 (−𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3)
𝑑𝑦 (−4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2)  4...4 dy 4 x  y   2
=  4 *1  4 * (1)  0 Es incompatible  1
𝑑𝑥 (−𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3)  1...1 dx  x  y   3
u  x  y
Cambio a dy du 4u  2 du 4u  2
realizar du / dx  1  Despejando
dy du
  1 Se sustituye 1   1
dx dx dx en la ec 1 dx u 3 dx u 3
u  3....3u  1
𝑑𝑢 4𝑢 − 2 − 𝑢 + 3 3𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢 − 3)𝑑𝑢 1 1
= 𝑑𝑥 (𝑢 − 3)𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 −𝑢 −
= = 3𝑢 + 1 = 𝑑𝑥 3𝑢 + 1 3 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑢−3 𝑢−3 3𝑢 + 1 10
𝑢−3 −
3
10
1 − 1 10 1 10
𝑑𝑢 + 3
𝑑𝑢= 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 − ln(3𝑢 + 1)= 𝑥 + 𝐶 −𝑥 + 𝑦 − ln 3 −𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 + 𝐶𝑡= 𝑥
3 3𝑢+1 3 9 3 9 Solución
general
 𝑑𝑥 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 6...3
7) 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=
(2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5)  6 *1  3 * 2  0 Es incompatible
2...1
𝑑𝑥 3 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 u  2x  y
= 1 Cambio a
dx dx du Se sustituye
𝑑𝑦 (2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) realizar du / dy  2 1 Despejando   1 / 2 en la ec
dy dy 2dy 1
𝑑𝑢 1 3𝑢 − 4 du 3𝑢 − 4 1 2(6𝑢 − 8 + 𝑢 + 5) 7𝑢 − 3
− = (𝑢 + 5) = + = = 7u  3......u  5
2𝑑𝑦 2 dy (𝑢 + 5) 2 2(𝑢 + 5) 𝑢+5 −7𝑢 − 35 7
38

38
7𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢+5
𝑑𝑢= 𝑑𝑦 7𝑢 + 38ln(𝑢 + 5)= y+𝐶 7(2𝑥 + 𝑦) + 38ln(2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5)= y+𝐶

14𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 38ln(2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5)= y+𝐶 14𝑥 + 38 ln 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 + 𝐶𝑡= y-7y 14𝑥 + 38 ln 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 + 𝐶𝑡= -6y

14 38
-6 𝑥− ln 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 + 𝐶𝑡= y Solución
6 general

𝑑𝑥 1 1 𝑒 −3𝑥
3𝑥 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +c
8) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑒 2𝑒 2 2 −3

1 Solución
Y= 3𝑥 + 𝐶𝑡 general
6𝑒
 𝑑𝑦 1 + 2𝑦2 𝑦 1 𝑦 1
9) = 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑤 = 2𝑦 2 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 1 + 2𝑦 2 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 1 + 2𝑦 2 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
d𝑤 = 4𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑤
= 𝑑𝑦
4𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑤 1 1 𝑑𝑤 1
= 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ln𝑤 + 𝐶1 = ln(𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥) + 𝐶2
𝑤 4𝑦 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 4 𝑤 4

1 1
1
ln 2
2𝑦 + 1 = ln 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 𝐶 ln(2𝑦 + 1)4 = ln 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛𝐶 ln(2𝑦 + 1)4 = ln( 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝐶)
4

1
4 4
(2𝑦 + 1)4 = ln( 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝐶) (2𝑦 + 1) = ln( 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝐶) 2y= ln( 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝐶) − 1

4 Solución
ln( 𝐶𝑠𝑐𝑥−𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗𝐶) −1
y= general
2

𝑑𝑦 4𝑋 4𝑋
10) 𝑒 𝑥 = 4𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 4 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
u= 𝑥 dv=𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑥
du= d𝑥 v=
𝑒 −𝑥 u𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢 y= 4(x
−1
−
−1
𝑑𝑥) y=4(-x𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥) = 4-x𝑒 −𝑥 + 4 𝑒 +𝑐
−1 −1

y = -4x𝑒 −𝑥 − 4𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐 = −4𝑒 −𝑥 (x+1)+C Solución

general
 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦
11) 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑦 Se sustituye
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢𝑥)2 +𝑥𝑢𝑥 𝑥 2 (𝑢2 + 𝑢)
𝑢= =𝑢+𝑥 en la ecuación
𝑢+𝑦 = =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑑𝑢 𝑥 2 (𝑢2 + 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑦 = − 𝑢 = 𝑢2 + 𝑢 − 𝑢 = 𝑢2 = 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = -𝑢 + 𝐶1 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑢2 𝑦 𝑦

1 𝑥 𝑥 Solución
- 𝑦 + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 - 𝑦 + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 −
𝑥
y= 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝐶𝑡 general

𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
12) 2y𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 1 𝑢=
𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑦
𝑑𝑦
=𝑢+𝑦
𝑑𝑦
Se sustituye
en la ecuación
1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢 3(𝑢𝑦)3 + 𝑦 3 𝑦 3 (3𝑢3 + 1) 𝑑𝑢 𝑦 3 (3𝑢3 + 1) 3𝑢3 + 1 − 2𝑢3 𝑢3 + 1

𝑢+𝑦 = = 𝑦 = − 𝑢 = =
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦(𝑢𝑦)2 2𝑦 3 𝑢2 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 3 𝑢2 2𝑢2 2𝑢2

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 2𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑤
= = 𝑤 = 𝑢3 + 1 𝑑𝑤 = 3𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 =
3
𝑢 +1 𝑦 𝑢3 + 1 𝑦 3𝑢2
2𝑢 2

2𝑢2 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑤 2 2
= = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑤 + 𝑐 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑢3 + 1) + 𝑐
𝑤 3𝑢2 𝑦 𝑦 3 𝑤 3 3
2
2
3 3 Solución
2 𝑥 𝑥 3 3
3 +1 general
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 1 3 + 𝑙𝑛𝑐 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 +1 ∗𝑐 𝑦=𝑒 𝑦 𝐶𝑡
𝑦