HIGHER

ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS
TH
8 EDITION

JOHN BIRD

WORKED SOLUTIONS TO

PRACTICE EXERCISES

1
 INTRODUCTION

In ‘Higher Engineering Mathematics 8th Edition’ are some 2000 further problems arranged regularly

throughout the text within 277 Practice Exercises. The solutions for all 2000 of these further

problems has been prepared in this document.

CONTENTS

Page
Chapter 1 Algebra (Exercises 1 to 7) 5
Chapter 2 Partial fractions (Exercises 8 to 10) 24
Chapter 3 Logarithms (Exercises 11 to 13) 34
Chapter 4 Exponential functions (Exercises 14 to 19) 47
Chapter 5 Inequalities (Exercises 20 to 24) 73
Chapter 6 Arithmetic and geometric progressions (Exercises 25 to 28) 84
Chapter 7 The binomial series (Exercises 29 to 32) 96
Chapter 8 Maclaurin’s series (Exercises 33 to 35) 110
Chapter 9 Solving equations by iterative methods (Exercises 36 to 38) 121
Chapter 10 Binary, octal and hexadecimal (Exercises 39 to 44) 146
Chapter 11 Boolean algebra and logic circuits (Exercises 45 to 50) 170
Chapter 12 Introduction to trigonometry (Exercises 51 to 59) 198
Chapter 13 Cartesian and polar co-ordinates (Exercises 60 to 61) 236
Chapter 14 The circle and its properties (Exercises 62 to 67) 244
Chapter 15 Trigonometric waveforms (Exercises 68 to 71) 260
Chapter 16 Hyperbolic functions (Exercises 72 to 75) 276
Chapter 17 Trigonometric identities and equations (Exercises 76 to 80) 291
Chapter 18 The relationship between trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 81 to 82) 308
Chapter 19 Compound angles (Exercises 83 to 87) 314
Chapter 20 Functions and their curves (Exercises 88 to 92) 342
Chapter 21 Irregular areas and volumes and mean values (Exercises 93 to 95) 366
Chapter 22 Complex numbers (Exercises 96 to 100) 375
Chapter 23 De Moivre’s theorem (Exercises 101 to 104) 397
Chapter 24 The theory of matrices and determinants (Exercises 105 to 109) 419

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Chapter 25 Applications of matrices and determinants (Exercises 110 to 114) 434
Chapter 26 Vectors (Exercises 115 to 119) 467
Chapter 27 Methods of adding alternating waveforms (Exercises 120 to 124) 483
Chapter 28 Scalar and vector products (Exercises 125 to 127) 504
Chapter 29 Methods of differentiation (Exercises 128 to 132) 515
Chapter 30 Some applications of differentiation (Exercises 133 to 139) 532
Chapter 31 Standard integration (Exercises 140 to 141) 565
Chapter 32 Some applications of integration (Exercises 142 to 147) 574
Chapter 33 Solution of first order differential equations by separation of variables
(Exercises 148 to 151) 601
Chapter 34 Differentiation of parametric equations (Exercises 152 to 153) 617
Chapter 35 Differentiation of implicit functions (Exercises 154 to 156) 626
Chapter 36 Logarithmic differentiation (Exercises 157 to 159) 634
Chapter 37 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions (Exercise 160) 643
Chapter 38 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 161 to 163) 645
Chapter 39 Partial differentiation (Exercises 164 to 165) 658
Chapter 40 Total differential, rates of change and small changes
(Exercises 166 to 168) 668
Chapter 41 Maxima, minima and saddle points for functions of two variables
(Exercises 169 to 170) 677
Chapter 42 Integration using algebraic substitutions (Exercises 171 to 172) 690
Chapter 43 Integration using trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions
(Exercises 173 to 179) 699
Chapter 44 Integration using partial fractions (Exercises 180 to 182) 714
Chapter 45 The t = tan /2 substitution (Exercises 183 to 184) 725
Chapter 46 Integration by parts (Exercises 185 to 186) 732
Chapter 47 Reduction formulae (Exercises 187 to 190) 745
Chapter 48 Double and triple integrals (Exercises 191 to 192) 756
Chapter 49 Numerical integration (Exercises 193 to 195) 766
Chapter 50 Homogeneous first order differential equations (Exercises 196 to 197) 779
Chapter 51 Linear first order differential equations (Exercises 198 to 199) 790
Chapter 52 Numerical methods for first order differential equations
(Exercises 200 to 202) 802
d2 y dy
a 2
b  cy  0
Chapter 53 Second order differential equations of the form dx dx
(Exercises 203 to 204) 819
3
 d2 y dy
a b  cy  f (x)
Chapter 54 Second order differential equations of the form dx 2 dx
(Exercises 205 to 208) 829
Chapter 55 Power series methods of solving ordinary differential equations
(Exercises 209 to 214) 857
Chapter 56 An introduction to partial differential equations (Exercises 215 to 219) 884
Chapter 57 Presentation of statistical data(Exercises 220 to 222) 905
Chapter 58 Mean, median, mode and standard deviation (Exercises 223 to 226) 922
Chapter 59 Probability (Exercises 227 to 230) 934
Chapter 60 The binomial and Poisson distributions (Exercises 231 to 232) 945
Chapter 61 The normal distribution (Exercises 233 to 234) 953
Chapter 62 Linear correlation (Exercise 235) 966
Chapter 63 Linear regression (Exercise 236) 972
Chapter 64 Sampling and estimation theories (Exercises 237 to 239) 981
Chapter 65 Significance testing (Exercises 240 to 242) 994
Chapter 66 Chi-square and distribution-free tests (Exercises 243 to 247) 1007
Chapter 67 Introduction to Laplace transforms (Exercise 248) 1024
Chapter 68 Properties of Laplace transforms (Exercises 249 to 251) 1027
Chapter 69 Inverse Laplace transforms (Exercises 252 to 254) 1036
Chapter 70 The Laplace transform of the Heaviside function (Exercises 255 to 257) 1046
Chapter 71 The solution of differential equations using Laplace transforms
(Exercise 258) 1057
Chapter 72 The solution of simultaneous differential equations using Laplace
transforms (Exercise 259) 1070
Chapter 73 Fourier series for periodic functions of period 2 (Exercise 260) 1077
Chapter 74 Fourier series for a non-periodic functions over period 2
(Exercise 261) 1085
Chapter 75 Even and odd functions and half-range Fourier series
(Exercises 262 to 263) 1095
Chapter 76 Fourier series over any range (Exercises 264 to 265) 1107
Chapter 77 A numerical method of harmonic analysis (Exercises 266 to 267) 1118
Chapter 78 The complex or exponential form of a Fourier series
(Exercises 268 to 270) 1126
Chapter 79 An introduction to z-transforms (Exercises 271 to 277) 1137