FM-gate 20 Year Solution

Ranjan e-institute
Gate Solution
20 year
Fluid mechanics
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G-2020
1) solution
2) solution

3) solution
4) solution
5) solution

6) solution

7) solution

8) solution

G-2019
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution
G-2018
1) solution

2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution
7) solution

G-2017
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution

7) solution
8) solution
G-2016
1) solution
2) solution

3) solution
4) solution
5) solution
6) solution

7) solution
8) solution
G-2015
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution

4) solution
5) solution
6) solution
7) solution

G-2014
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution
5) solution

6) solution
7) solution
8) solution

G-2013
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution
7) solution

8) solution
G-2012
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution

4) solution
5) solution
6) solution

G-2011
1) solution
2) solution

3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
G-2010
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution

7) solution
8) solution

G-2009
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution

7) solution

G-2008
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution
4) solution

5) solution
6) solution
7) solution

8) solution
G-2007
1) solution
2) solution
3) solution

4) solution
5) solution
6) solution

7) solution
8) solution

9) solution
10) solution

11) solution
12) solution

G-2006
1. Match the following for a centrifugal pump with impeller speed n.

(P) Capacity (1) proportional to n
(Q) Head (2) proportional to n2
(3) proportional to n3
(A) P-2, Q-1 (B) P-1, Q-3 (C) P-2, Q-3 (D) P-1, Q-2
Solution
2. The magnitude of the force (in N) required to hold a body of volume 0.05 m3 and
mass 40 kg in water (density 1000 kg/m3) at a depth of 0.1 m is (g = 9.81 m/s2)
.
(A) zero (B) 98.1 (C) 490.5 (D) 882.9
Solution
3. A liquid is pumped at the flow rate Q through a pipe of length L. The pressure drop of
the fluid across the pipe is ΔP, Now a leak develops at the mid-point of the length of the
pipe and the fluid leaks at the rate of Q/2. Assuming that the friction factor in the pipe
remains unchanged, the new pressure drop across the pipe for the same inlet flow rate
(Q) will be
(A) (1/2) ΔP (B) (5/8) ΔP (C) (3/4) ΔP (D) ΔP

Solution
4. In a laminar flow through a pipe of radius R, the fraction of the total fluid flowing through
a circular cross-section of radius R/2 centered at the pipe axis is
(A) 3/8 (B) 7/16 (C) 1/2 (D) 3/4

Solution

1⁄
𝑑𝑣𝑥 2
5. A fluid obeying the constitutive equation 𝜏 = 𝜏0 + 𝐾 ( ) ; 𝜏 > 𝜏0 is held
𝑑𝑦
between two parallel plates a distance d apart. If the stress applied to the top plate is 3
τ0, then the velocity with which the top plate moves relative to the bottom plate would be
𝜏 2 𝜏 2 𝜏 2 𝜏 2
(𝐴) 2 ( 0 ) 𝑑 (𝐵) 3 ( 0 ) 𝑑 (𝐶 ) 4 ( 0 ) 𝑑 (𝐷 ) 9 ( 0 ) 𝑑
𝐾 𝐾 𝐾 𝐾
Solution
6. A bed fluidized by water is used for cleaning sand contaminated with salt. The particles
of sand and salt have the same shape and size but different densities (ρsand = 2500 kg/m3
and ρsalt = 2000 kg/m3). If the initial volume fraction of the salt in the mixture is 0.3 and if
the initial value of the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) is 0.9 m/s, find the final value of
the Umf (in m/s) when the sand is washed free of the salt. Assume that the bed
characteristics (bed porosity and solid surface area per unit volume) do not change during
the operation and that the pressure drop per unit length is directly proportional to the
fluid velocity
(A) 0.70 (B) 0.90 (C) 1.00 (D) 1.46
Solution
7. Two spherical particles have the same outer diameter but are made of different
materials. The first one (with material density ρ1) is solid, whereas the second (with
material density ρ2) is a hollow sphere with the inner shell diameter equal to half the
outer diameter. If both the spheres have the same terminal velocity in any fluid, then the
ratio of their material densities, ρ2/ ρ1 , is
(A) 1 (B) 8/7 (C) 2 (D) 8
Solution
8. A filtration is conducted at constant pressure to recover solids from dilute slurry. To

reduce the time of filtration, the solids concentration in the feed slurry is increased by
evaporating half the solvent. If the resistance of the filter medium is negligible, the
filtration time will be reduced by a factor of
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8

Solution

9. The mixing of rubber latex solution was studied in an unbaffled mixer in the laboratory.
The mixer was equipped with a six blade turbine impeller. A tyre company scales this
process up using a baffled tank. The baffled tank has 3 times the diameter of the lab scale
mixer. It uses the same type of impeller operated at the same speed. The relevant shape
factors are also the same. Assuming that laminar conditions prevail in both cases, the
power requirement in the industrial scale mixer.
(A) is 3 times that of the lab scale mixer

(B) is 9 times that of the lab scale mixer
(C) is 27 times that of the lab scale mixer
(D) cannot be estimated reliably due to the presence of baffles.
Solution
10. Statement for Linked Answer Questions: A & B

A continuous grinder obeying the Bond crushing law grinds a solid at the rate of 1000
kg/hr from the initial diameter of 10 mm to the final diameter of 1 mm.
A. If the market now demands particles of size 0.5 mm, the output rate of the grinder (in
kg/hr) for the same power input would be reduced to
(A) 227 (B) 474 (C) 623 (D) 856
Solution
B. In order to restore the output back to 1000 kg/hr, an additional grinder was installed.
The two grinders can be operated either in series (configuration-1) or parallel
(configuration-2). Compare the two configurations in terms of the additional power
consumption over the case above.
(A) configuration-1 consumes less power than configuration-2

(B) configuration-2 consumes less power than configuration-1
(C) both configurations consume the same power,

(D) configuration-2 consumes less or more power than configuration-1 depending
on how the feed is distributed between the two grinders in configuration-2 (the
parallel configuration). Solution
11) Let dh be the hydrodynamic entrance length for mercury in laminar flow in a pipe under
isothermal conditions. Let dt be its thermal entrance length under fully developed hydrodynamic
conditions. Which ONE of the following is TRUE?
(A) dh > dt (B) dh < dt

(C) dh = dt (D) dh < dt only if the pipe is vertical
Solution
12) The Boussinesq approximation for the fluid density in the gravitational force term is given by ONE
of the following (ρref is the fluid density at the reference temperature T ref, and β is the thermal
coefficient of volume expansion at Tref).
(A) ρ = ρref + Tref β (ρ – ρref)

(B) ρ = ρref – Tref β (ρ – ρref)
(C) ρ = ρref – ρref β (T – Tref)
(D) ρ = ρref – Tref β (ρ – ρref) + ρref β (T – Tref)
Solution
G-2005
1. Match the following types of fluid (in group I) with their respective constitutive
relations (in group II), where τ is the stress and γ is the strain rate,
Group I
P. Pseudoplastic Q. Bingham plastic
Group II
(𝐼) 𝜏 = 𝜋𝛾 (𝐼𝐼) 𝜏 = 𝜏0 + 𝐾𝛾

(𝐼𝐼𝐼) 𝜏 = 𝐾|𝛾|𝑛 𝑛 < 1 (𝐼𝑉) 𝜏 = 𝐾|𝛾|𝑛 𝑛 > 1
(a) P-I, Q-IV (b) P-IV, Q-II

(c) P-II, Q-III (d) P-III, Q-II
Solution
2. The critical speed of the ball mill of radius R, which contains balls of radius r, is
proportional to
(a) (R – r)-0.5 (b) (R – r)-1

(c) (R – r) (d) (R – r)2
Solution
3. If the frequency of the stirrer in a mixing tank is increased by a factor of 2 while all
other parameters are kept constant, by what factor is the power requirement
increased at high Reynolds number ?
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32
Solution
4. For turbulent flow past a flat plate, when no form drag is present, the friction
factor f and the Chilton-Colburn factor jD are related as
(a) f and jD cannot be related (b) f is equal to jD

(c) f is greater than jD (d) f is less than jD
Solution
5. A dam of width 50 m is used to hold water in a reservoir. If the water height is 10

m from the bottom of the dam, what is the total force F acting on the dam due to the
water ? Assume g = 10 m/s2, and the fluid density is 1000 kg/m3.

(a) F = 12.5  106 N (b) F = 25  106 N
(c) F = 50  106 N (d) F = 5  106 N
Solution
6. The relation between the stress τ and the strain rate (dux / dy) for the rapid flow
𝑑𝑢𝑥 2
of a granular material is given by 𝜏 = 𝐵 ( ) where B is a constant. If M, L and T
𝑑𝑦
are the mass, length and time dimension respectively, what is the dimension of the
constant B ?
(a) ML-1 T-1 (b) ML-1 T-2 (c) MT-1 (d) ML-1
solution
Question 7A & 7B are based on the data provided below :
Two tanks, A and B, of cross sectional area 1 m2 each, contain a fluid of density 1000
kg/m3 and viscosity 1 kg/(m.s). The tanks are connected by a pipe of diameter 0.02
m and length 1 m, and a check valve, at the bottom. Assume that the flow is laminar,
and there is no friction in the check valve. In the initial state, the height of the fluid in
the tank A and 6m and the height of the fluid in tank B is 2 m (as shown in the figure
below). The check valve is opened, and the fluid flows from tank A to tank B till the
levels in the two tanks are equal in the final state. Assume g = 10 m/s2 in the
calculations.
Note : Figure not to scale.
1m
6m
2m
0.02 m
Solution

7A. What is the average fluid velocity in the pipe as soon as the valve is opened ?
(a) 0.25 m/s (b) 0.5 m/s
(c) 1 m/s (d) 2 m/s
7B. What is the total energy loss between the initial and final state due to the fluid
flow
(a) 2 x 104 J (b) 16 x 104 J
(c) 8 x 104 J (d) 4 x 104 J
8. A centrifuge of diameter 0.2 m in a pilot plant rotates at a speed of 50 Hz in order

to achieve effective separation. If this centrifuge is scaled up to a diameter of 1 m in
the chemical plant, and the same separation factor is to be achieved, what is the
rotational speed of the scaled up centrifuge ?
(a) 15 Hz (b) 22.36 Hz

(c) 30 Hz (d) 44.72 Hz
Solution
9. What is the terminal velocity in m/s, calculated from Stokes law, for a particle of
diameter 0.1 x 10-3 m, density 2800 kg/m3 settling in water of density 1000 kg/m3
and viscosity 10-3 kg/ms) ? (Assume g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 2  10-2 (b) 4  10-3

(c) 10-2 (d) 8  10-3
Solution
10. Statement for Linked Answer Questions A & B

A balloon of mass 0.01 kg is charged with hydrogen to a pressure of 102kPa and
released from the ground level. During its rise the hydrogen is permitted to escape
from the balloon in order to maintain a constant differential pressure of 2 kPa under
which condition the diameter of the balloon remains at 0.4 m. As this balloon rises it
is assumed that the temperature in and around the balloon remains constant at 273
K. Further, the inertia of the balloon and the air resistance due to the rising balloon
may be neglected. Assume that the density of air at 273 K is 1.2733 kg/m3, the
average molecular weight of air is 28.9, the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the
acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2.
Solution
A. Select the correct value of the upward thrust (in N) expressed in terms of the
outside pressure P which is expressed in Pa.
(a) 10.06  10-7 P – 0.0122 (b) 3.97  10-6 P – 0.1006

(c) 15.03  10-7 P – 0.0534 (d) 8.08  10-6 P – 0.1362
B. Select the value of the outside pressure P in Pa for which there will be no force on
the balloon ?
(a) 25340 (b) 35530

(c) 12130 (d) 16860
G-2004
1. The equivalent diameter for flow through a rectangular duct of width B and height H is
𝐻𝐵 𝐻𝐵 2𝐻𝐵 4𝐻𝐵
(𝐴) (𝐵) (𝐶) (𝐷)
2(𝐻+𝐵) (𝐻+𝐵) (𝐻+𝐵) (𝐻+𝐵)
Solution
2. What is the force required (in Newtons) to hold a spherical balloon stationary in
water at a depth of H from the air-water interface? The balloon is of radius 0.1 m and is
filled with air.
4𝜋𝑔 0.1𝜋𝑔ℎ 0.1𝜋𝑔ℎ 0.04𝜋𝑔ℎ
(𝐴) (𝐵) (𝐶) (𝐷)
3 4 8 4
Solution

3. Match the systems in Group I with equipment used to separate them in Group II
Group I Group II
P gas – solid 1 filter press
Q liquid – liquid 2 cyclone
3 decanter
4 thickener
(A) P-1, Q-2 (B) P-2, Q-3
(C) P-3, Q-4 (D) P-4, Q-1
Solution
4. For a cyclone of diameter 0.2 m with a tangential velocity of 15 m/s at the wall, the
separation factor is
(A) 2250 (B) 1125 (C) 460 (D) 230
solution
5. For a particle settling in water at its terminal settling velocity, which of the
following is true ?
(A) buoyancy = weight + drag
(B) weight = buoyancy + drag
(C) drag = buoyancy + weight

(D) drag = weight
Solution
6. In constant pressure filtration,
(A) resistance decreases with time
(B) rate of filtration is constant
(C) rate of filtration increases with time
(D) rate of filtration decreases with time
Solution
7. In forced convection, the Nusselt number Nu is a function of
(A) Re and Pr (B) Re and Gr
(C) Pr and Gr (D) Re and Sc
Solution
8. Viscosity of water at 40 0C lies in the range of
(A) 1 x 10-3 – 2 x 10-3 kg/(ms) (C) 1 – 2 kg/(ms)

(B) 0.5 x 10-3 – 1 x 10-3 kg/(ms) (D) 0.5 – 1 kg/(ms)
Solution
9. For the manometer setup shown in the figure, the pressure difference P A – PB is
given by

(A) (ρH – ρ air ) gH
(B) (ρH – ρ L ) gH
(C) (ρH – ρ L ) gH + (ρL – ρ air ) g (L – H)
(D) (D) (ρH – ρ L ) gL + (ρL – ρ air ) gH
solution
10. A conical tank with a bottom opening of cross-sectional area A is filled with water
and is mounted on supports, as shown in the figure. What is the force F with which plate
X must be pushed up to prevent water from leaking? Assume that the density of air is
negligible as compared to the density of water ρL.
P atm
L
H
support
X
P atm F
(A) ρL Vg (B) ρL AHg

(C) ρL Vg / 2 (D) ρL Vg / 3
Solution
11. Three piping networks, as shown in the figure, are placed horizontally. They are
made using identical pipe segments and are subjected to the same pressure drop across
them. Assuming no pressure losses at junctions, the flow rates across the three networks
are related as Q1 : Q2 : Q3 :
Q1
3
Q2
Q2
(A) 1 : √3 : 2 (B) 1:2:3

(C) 1:2:2 (D) 1 : √2 : √2
Solution
12. To keep the power input constant for a stirred vessel operating under fully
developed turbulent flow conditions (constant power number), if the impeller diameter is
increased by 20%, the impeller speed should be decreased by a factor of
(A) (1.2) 3/2 (B) (1.2) 3/5

(C) (1.2) 2/3 (D) (1.2) 5/3
Solution
13. A centrifugal filtration unit operating at a rotational speed of ω has inner surface
of the liquid (density ρL) located at a radial distance R from the axis of rotation. The
thickness of the liquid film is δ and no cake is formed. The initial pressure drop during
filtration is
(A) ½ ω2 R2 ρL (C) ½ ω2 δρL (2R + δ)

(B) ½ ω2 δ2 ρL (D) ½ ω2 RρL (R + 2δ)
Solution
14. Umf is the minimum fluidisation velocity for a bed of particles. An increase in the
superficial gas velocity from, 2Umf to 2.5Umf results in (all velocities are smaller than the
entrainment velocity of the particles) no change in
(A) drag on particles (B) drag on column walls

(C) the bed height `(D) the bed voidage
Solution
15. The Kozney-Carman equation, rewritten in terms of non-dimensional numbers,

∆𝑃
gives ( ) proportional to
𝜌𝑢2
(𝐿⁄𝐷 ) 𝑅𝑒 (𝐿⁄𝐷 ) 𝑅𝑒 2
𝑃 𝑃
(𝐴) (𝐵) (𝐶) (𝐷)
𝑅𝑒 (𝐿⁄𝐷 ) 𝑅𝑒 2 (𝐿⁄𝐷 )
𝑃 𝑃
Solution
16. The cumulative mass fraction of particles smaller than size dj for a collection of Ni
particles of diameter di and mass mi (I = 1, 2, 3…, ) is given by
∑𝑙𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑑𝑖 3 ∑𝑙𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖 3 ∑𝑙𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖 2 ∑𝑙𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖

(𝐴) 3 (𝐵) 3 (𝐶) 2 (𝐷)
∑∞
𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑑𝑖 ∑∞
𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖 ∑∞
𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖 ∑∞
𝑖=1 𝑁𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑑𝑖
Solution
G-2003
1. A lubricant 100 times more viscous than water would have a viscosity (in Pa-s)
a) 0.01 b) 0.1 c) 1 d) 10
Solution

2. The velocity profile for a Bingham plastic fluid flowing (under laminar conditions) in a
pipe is
a) parabolic
b) flat
c) flat near the wall and parabolic in the middle
d) parabolic near the wall and flat in the middle
Solution
3. Energy requirement (per unit mass of material crushed/grinded) is highest for
a) Jaw crusher b) Rod mill
c) Ball mill d) Fluid energy mill
Solution
4. Three solid objects of the same material and of equal mass – a sphere, a cylinder
(length = diameter) and a cube – are at 5000C initially. These are dropped in a quenching
bath containing a large volume of cooling oil each attaining the bath temperature
eventually. The time required for 90% change of temperature is smallest for
a) cube b) cylinder
c) sphere d) equal for all the three
Solution
5. The variables required to be known in correlations used for estimating the horse
power of a centrifugal gas compressor and hence its cost are –
P: inlet pressure Q: compressor RPM
R: delivery pressure S: volumetric flow rate at inlet

a) P, Q & R b) P & R c) R & S d) P, R & S
Solution
1
6. The fluid element has a velocity V = – y2x i + 2 yx2 j. The motion at (x,y)=(( ) , 1)
√2
is
a) rotational and incompressible b) rotational and compressible
c) irrotational and compressible d) irrotational and incompressible
Solution
7. A pipe has a porous section of length L as shown in the figure. Velocity at the start of
this section is Vo. If fluid leaks into the pipe through the porous section at a volumetric
rate per unit area q (x/L)2, what will be the axial velocity in the pipe at any x? Assume
incompressible one-dimensional flow i.e., no gradients in the radial direction.
X= 0 X= L
V0
D
𝑥3 1 𝑥3
(𝑎) 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉0 + 𝑞 (𝑏) 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉0 + 𝑞
𝐿2 𝐷 3 𝐿2
𝑥3 1 𝑥3
(𝑐)𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉0 + 2𝑞 (𝑑)𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉0 + 𝑞
𝐿𝐷 3 𝐿2 𝐷
Solution
8. A centrifugal pump is used to pump water through a horizontal distance of 150 m and
then raised to an overhead tank 10 m above. The pipe is smooth with an I.D. of 50 mm.
What head (m of water) must the pump generate at its exit (E) to deliver water at a flow
rate of 0.001 m3 /s? The Fanning friction factor, f is 0.0062

10 m
150 m
a) 10 m b) 11 m c) 12 m d) 20 m
Solution
9. Match the following dimensionless numbers with the appropriate ratio of forces
Dimensionless Number Ratio of forces

P: Froude Number 1: Shear force / inertial force
Q: Reynolds Number 2:Convective heat transfer/conductive heat transfer
R: Friction factor 3: Gravitational force/viscous force
S: Nusselt Number 4: Inertial force/viscous force
5. Inertial force/gravitational force
a) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 5, S – 3 b) P – 5, Q – 4, R – 3, S – 2
c) P – 5, Q – 4, R – 1, S – 2 d) P – 3, Q – 4, R – 5, S – 1
Solution
Common Data Question 10 & 11

A bed of spherical particles (specific Gravity 2.5) of uniform size 1500 m is 0.5 in
diameter and 0.5 m high . In the packed bed state, the porosity may be taken as 0.4.
Ergun’s equation for the above particle –fluid system (in SI) units is given below:

P/L = 375  103 Vom + 10.94  106 Vom2 (SI units)
10. If water is to be used as the fluidizing medium, the minimum fluidization velocity, V OM
is
a) 12 mm/s b) 16 mm/s c) 24 mm/s d) 28 mm/s

11. In actual operation, the above bed has a height = 1 m. What is the porosity of the
fluidized bed ?
a) 0.2 b) 0.5 c) 0.7 c) 0.8

Solution
𝑑𝑡 𝜇 𝛼 𝐶𝑉
12. The basic filtration equation is given as =− ( ) + 𝑅𝑚 Where V is
𝑑𝑣 𝐴∆𝑃 𝐴
volume of the filtrate, A is the filtration area;  is specific cake resistance,  is viscosity of
the filtrate, and C is the concentration of solids in the feed slurry. In a 20 min. constant
rate filtration, 5 m3 of filtrate was obtained. If this is followed by a constant pressure
filtration, how much more time in minutes will it take for another 5 m 3 of filtrate to be
produced ? Neglect filter medium resistance, Rm, assume incompressible cake
a) 10 b) 20 c) 25 d) 30
Solution
13. The pressure difference across a vertical venturimeter (shown in Figure) is measured
with the help of a mercury manometer to estimate flow rate of water flowing through it.
The expression for the velocity of water at the throat is
(given: Density of Hg is 𝜌𝑚 and water density is 𝜌

V2
H
V1
h
Hg
𝑉2 2 −𝑉1 2 𝜌𝑚 𝑉2 2 −𝑉1 2 𝜌𝑚 −𝜌
(𝑎) =ℎ (𝑏) =ℎ
2𝑔 𝜌 2𝑔 𝜌
𝑉2 2 −𝑉1 2 𝜌𝑚 −𝜌 𝑉2 2 𝜌𝑚 −𝜌
(𝑐) =𝐻+ℎ (𝑑) =ℎ
2𝑔 𝜌 2𝑔 𝜌
Solution
G-2002
1. With increasing flow rate, the hydraulic efficiency of a centrifugal pump—
A) monotonically decreases B) decreases and then increases
C) remains constant D) increases and then decreases
Solution
2. For flow past a flat plate, if x is the distance along the plate in the direction of flow, the
boundary layer thickness is proportional to
1 1
(𝐴) √𝑥 (𝐵) (𝐶) 𝑥 (𝐷)
√𝑥 𝑥
Solution

3. For turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid through a pipe, the flow rate Q is
proportional to (ΔP)n, where DP is the pressure drop. The value of exponent n is
A) 1 B) 0 C) < 1 D) > 1
Solution
4. If dp is the equivalent diameter of a non-spherical particle, vp its volume and sp its

surface area, then its sphericity 𝜑𝑠 is defined by –
6𝑣𝑃 𝑣𝑃 6𝑑𝑃 𝑠𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑠𝑃
(𝐴) 𝜑𝑠 = (𝐵) 𝜑𝑠 = (𝑐) 𝜑𝑠 = (𝐷) 𝜑𝑠 =
𝑑𝑃 𝑠𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑠𝑃 𝑣𝑃 𝑣𝑃
Solution
5. Arrange the following size reduction equipment in the decreasing order of the average
particle size produced by each of them.
A) Jaw crusher, Ball mills, Fluid energy mills
B) Ball mills, Jaw crusher, Fluid energy mills
C) Fluid energy mills, Jaw crusher, Ball mills
D) Fluid energy mills, Ball mills, Jaw crusher
Solution
6. The drag coefficient for a bacterium moving in water at 1 mm/s, will be of the
following order of magnitude (assume size of the bacterium to be 1 micron and kinematic
viscosity of water to be 10-6 m2/s)
A) 24000 B) 24 C) 0.24 D) 0.44
Solution
7. A gas (density = 1.5 kg/m3, viscosity = 2 x 10-5 kg/m s) flowing through a packed bed
(particle size = 0.5 cm, porosity = 0.5) at a superficial velocity of 2 m/s causes a pressure
drop of 8400 Pa/m. The pressure drop for another gas, with density of 1.5 kg/m3 and
viscosity of 3 x 10-5 kg/m s, flowing at 3 m/s will be

A) 8400 Pa/m B) 18900 Pa/m C) 12600 Pa/m D) 16800 Pa/m
Solution
8. What is the critical rotational speed, in revolutions per second, for a ball mill of 1.2 m
diameter charged with 70 mm diameter balls
A) 0.5 B) 1.0 C) 2.76 D) 0.66
Solution
9. A sand mixture was screened through a standard 10-mesh screen. The mass fraction
of the oversize material in feed, overflow and underflow were found to be 0.38, 0.79 &
0.22 respectively. The screen effectiveness based on the oversize is
A) 0.50 B) 0.58 C) 0.68 D) 0.62
Solution
10. The power required to stir water (density = 1000 kg/m3, viscosity = 0.001 kg/m s) in a
laboratory experiment with the impeller (diameter = 5 cm, blade width = 1 cm)
rotating at 5 rpm is 10-2 W. Consider an industrial stirred vessel where a fluid
(density = 900 kg/m3, viscosity = 0.184 kg/m s) has to be stirred at 1 rpm using an
impeller of 1.6 m diameter and 0.32 m blade width.
(a) Show that the laboratory experiment and industrial vessel are geometrically and
dynamically similar.
( b) Estimate the power requirements of the industrial vessel.
Solution
11. In a filtration process, if V is the volume of filtrate collected in time t, a general

relationship can be given as
𝑑𝑡 𝜇 𝛼𝑐𝑉
= ( + 𝑅𝑚 )
𝑑𝑉 𝐴(∆𝑃) 𝐴

where 𝛼 is the specific cake resistance, Rm is the filter medium resistance, A is the filter
area, c is the concentration of solids in the slurry, 𝜇 is the viscosity of the filtrate and
∆P is the overall pressure drop.
(a) Filtration experiments were carried out at a constant pressure drop on a slurry
containing 20 kg/m3 of CaCO3 in water. The data obtained from the plots of t/V
vs V at two different pressure drops are given in the table below :
Pressure drop (N/m2) Slope (sec/liter2) Intercept (sec/liter)
5 x 104 12.5 26.5
35 x 104 3.5 6.9
If the filter area is 0.09 m2 and the viscosity of the filtrate is 0.001 kg/m s,
determine the specific cake resistance and the filter medium resistance
corresponding to each pressure drop.
(b) Determine from the above data whether the cake is compressible ?
Solution
12. Consider the flow in a liquid film of constant thickness (𝛿) along a vertical
wall as shown in the figure below.

x
Liquid
wall
Air
Assuming laminar, one-dimensional, fully developed flow, the y-direction Navier

𝑑 2 𝑣𝑦
Stockes equation reduces to 𝜇 + 𝜌𝑔 = 0 Where vy is the velocity in y
𝑑𝑥 2
direction, 𝜇 is the viscosity and ρ is the density of the liquid.
(a) State the boundary conditions to be used for the solution of velocity
profile ?
(b) Solve for the velocity profile
(c) If Q is the volumetric flow rate per unit width of the wall, how is it
related to the film thickness, δ
Solution

G-2001
1. The Power number for a stirred tank becomes constant at high Reynolds number. In
this limit, the variation of power input with impeller rotational speed (N) is proportional
to
A) N0 B) N1 C) N2 D) N3
Solution
2. The operation of a rotameter is based on

A) variable flow area B) rotation of a turbine
C) pressure drop across a nozzle D) pressure at a stagnation point
Solution
3. Applying a pressure drop across a capillary results in a volumetric flow rate Q under
laminar flow conditions. The flow rate, for the same pressure drop, in a capillary of the
same length but half the radius is
A) Q/2 B) Q/4 C) Q/8 D) Q/16
Solution
4. A Bingham fluid of viscosity 𝜇 = 10 Pa s, and yield stress τ0 = 10 k Pa, is sheared

between flat parallel plates separated by a distance 10-3 m. The top plate is moving
with a velocity of 1 m/s. The shear stress on the plate is
A) 10 kPa B) 20 kPa C) 30 kPa D) 40 kPa
Solution
5. The energy required per unit mass to grind limestone particles of very large size to
100 𝜇m is 12.7 kWh/ton. An estimate (using Bond’s Law) of the energy to grind the
particles from a very large size to 50 𝜇m is
A) 6.35 kWh/ton B) 9.0 kWh/ton

C) 18 k Wh/ton D) 25.4 k Wh/ton
Solution
6. The inlet velocity of water (p = 1000 kg/m3) in a right-angled bend-reducer is V1 = 1

m/s, as shown below. The inlet diameter is D1 = 0.8 m and the outlet diameter is D2
= 0.4 m. The flow is turbulent and the velocity profiles at the inlet and outlet are
flat (plug flow). Gravitational forces are negligible.
D1
P1 V1
P2V2
D2
(a) Find the pressure drop (P1 – P2) across the bend assuming negligible friction
losses.
(b) If the actual pressure drop is (P1 – P2) = 8.25 kPa, find the friction loss factor (Kf)
based on the velocity V1
Solution
7. The volumetric flow rate during constant pressure filtration is
𝑑𝑉 1
=
𝑑𝑡 𝐾 𝑉 + 1
𝐶 𝑞𝑜

where V is the total volume of filtrate collected in time t, and K c and qo
are constants.
(a) Integrate the above equation to obtain a relation between V and t

(b) Make a sketch of t/V versus V from your results
(c) Given V = 1.0 litre at t = 41.3 sec and V = 2.0 liter at t = 108.3 sec find Kc.
Solution
G-2000
1. For a sphere falling in the constant drag coefficient regime, its terminal velocity
depends on its diameter (d) as
1
(𝐴) 𝑑 (𝐵) √𝑑 (𝐶) 𝑑2 (𝐷)
𝑑
Solution
2. In a fully turbulent flow (Re > 105) in a pipe of diameter d, for a constant pressure
gradient, the dependence of volumetric flow rate of an incompressible fluid is
A) d, B) d2, C) d2.5, D) d4
Solution
3. In the laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate, the ratio (δ/x) varies as
1
1
(𝐴) 𝑅𝑒 (𝐵) √𝑅𝑒 (𝐶) (𝐷) 𝑅𝑒 −2
𝑅𝑒
Where δ is the boundary layer thickness and x is the distance from the leading edge in the
direction of flow.
Solution
4. For laminar flow of a shear-thinning liquid in a pipe, if the volumetric flow rate is
doubled, the pressure gradient will increase by a factor of

A) 2 B) < 2 C) > 2 D) 1/2
Solution
5. A 30% (by volume) suspension of spherical sand particles in a viscous oil has a
hindered settling velocity of 4.44 μm/s. If the Richardson-Zaki hindered settling index is
4.5, then the terminal velocity of a sand grain is
A) 0.90 μm/s B) 1 mm/s C) 22.1 μm/s D) 0.02 μm/s

Solution
6. A free jet of water of cross-sectional area 0.01 m2 and a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a
plate and then flows in the plane parallel to the plate as shown in the figure below. The
horizontal component of the force on the support is
A) 200 N B) 400 N C) 2000 N D) 4000 N
water jet
A=0.01 m 2
v = 20 m/s
Support
Solution
7. A hydrocarbon oil (viscosity 0.025 Pa s and density 900 kg/m3) is transported using a
0.6 m diameter, 10 km long pipe. The maximum allowable pressure drop across the pipe
length is 1 MPa. Due to a maintenance schedule on this pipeline, it is required to use a
0.4 m diameter, 10 km long pipe to pump the oil at the same volumetric flow rate as in

the previous case. Estimate the pressure drop for the 0.4 m diameter pipe. Assume both
pipes to be hydro-dynamically smooth and in the range of operating conditions, the
Fanning friction factor is given by f = 0.079 Re –0.25.
Solution
8. A free jet of water is produced using a 75 mm diameter nozzle attached to a 200 mm

diameter pipe, as shown in the figure. If the average velocity of water at plane B is 3.8
m/s, calculate the velocity of water at point A in the free jet. Neglect friction losses in the
nozzle and pipe.
Nozzle dia , 75 mm
C
18.5 m
B
0.5 m
Water Inlet
200 mm
Solution

Answer Key :-
Question No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
00 B C D B C D
01 D A D B C
02 D A C A A A B D B
03 B D D A D A D B C B C
12)A 13)C
04 C A B D B D A B A B C
12)B 13)C 14)A 15)A 16)A
05 D A B C B D B,D B C B,A
06 D B B B C C B B C C,C A
12) C
07 B B B B B C A A C A C
12)
B,B
08 D B B A C C C B
09 D D A B B D D,D
10 D D B D A C
11 A C D C,B A
12 B A C D A B,B
13 26000 160 B A D C A 137500
14 D A B 7.99 7.99 to A 79 to 82 C
to 8.01
8.01
15 1.6 to C 8080 to C 25 to 27 39.5 to 1.25 to 1.35
1.7 8100 40.5
16 C A 9.9 to B B 2.05 to C 48.5 to
10.1 2.25 49.5
17 B A 0.52 to 0.312 D C 9.9 to 10.1 12.99 to
0.56 13.01
18 C 0.145 D B B 0.98 to 52 to 54
to 1.02
0.155
19 D A 0.19 to B C 1990 to
0.21 2010
20 C D A D 26450 to B 1175.0 to B
26500 1180.0

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1. Match the following for a centrifugal pump with impeller speed n.

(A) (1/2) ΔP (B) (5/8) ΔP (C) (3/4) ΔP (D) ΔP

(A) 3/8 (B) 7/16 (C) 1/2 (D) 3/4

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8. A filtration is conducted at constant pressure to recover solids from dilute slurry. To

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8

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(A) is 3 times that of the lab scale mixer

10. Statement for Linked Answer Questions: A & B

(A) configuration-1 consumes less power than configuration-2

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(A) dh > dt (B) dh < dt

(A) ρ = ρref + Tref β (ρ – ρref)

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(a) P-I, Q-IV (b) P-IV, Q-II

(a) (R – r)-0.5 (b) (R – r)-1

(a) f and jD cannot be related (b) f is equal to jD

5. A dam of width 50 m is used to hold water in a reservoir. If the water height is 10

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Question 7A & 7B are based on the data provided below :

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8. A centrifuge of diameter 0.2 m in a pilot plant rotates at a speed of 50 Hz in order

(a) 15 Hz (b) 22.36 Hz

(a) 2  10-2 (b) 4  10-3

10. Statement for Linked Answer Questions A & B