Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Economics Managers Final-Exam
Economics Managers Final-Exam
Economics ForManagers
1. The macroeconomic effects of the indexation of wages (2 points)
wherepte = pt-1
Suppose that inflation in year t - 1 is zero. In year t, the central bank decides to keep the unemployment rate at 4%
forever.
a. Compute the rate of inflation for years t, t + 1, t + 2, and t + 3. Now suppose that half the workers have indexed
labor contracts.
Suppose that the markup of the prices of products over wagecost, z, is 10%, and that the wage-setting equation
is
W = P*(1 - 4m + z)
c. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment if z falls from 15% to 10%? Explain your answer.
C = 500 + 0.6YD
T = 200
G = 300
i= .05
(M/P)s= 1600
(M/P)d= 3Y - 2000i
c. Derive the LM relation if the central bank sets an interest rate of 2%.
4. Modern bank runs. Suppose that a European bank has customer deposits of €500 million and capital of
€100 million and total assets of €600 million, divided as loans equal to €400 million and other assets
equal to €200 million. (2 points)
a. Prepare the balance sheet of the bank.
b. Suppose that some recent problems with the bank prompt customers to withdraw €100 million of their
deposits. How can the bank preserve the same level of capital and assets on its balance sheet?
d. If that the central bank does not insure customers’ deposits, do you think that there will be a deposit run?
How would the outcome change if the bank announces that it had recently approached a highly reputable
and financially solid private insurance firm that has legally agreed to ensure customers’ deposits?
e. Now suppose that it becomes known that the bank is facing serious solvency problems that do not allow
it to borrow from depositors or financial institutions. What are the two options available to the bank to
avoid bankruptcy?
5. Suppose the interest rate in Belgium is 4%, and the expected inflation is 0.5%. The Swiss interest rate is
also 4% and the expected Swiss inflation is 0.8%. (2 points)
a. What are the exact real interest rates in Belgium and Switzerland?
b. What are the approximate real interest rates in Belgium and Switzerland?
c. How do you explain the difference in real rates between Belgium and Switzerland
6. Discuss the following statements. (2 points)
An increase in a bank’s leverage ratio tends to increase both the expected profit of the bank and the risk of the
bank going bankrupt.
The Phillips curve implies that when an economy is operating below full capacity, a significant increase in
aggregate demand is likely to cause a reduction in unemployment and an increase in inflation.
The formation of expected inflation. We have the following model of expected inflation
c. How do you form your own expectation of inflation? More like a, or more like b?
As long as expected inflation remains roughly constant, the movements in the real interest rate are roughly
equal to the movements in the nominal interest rate.
For any given job, how do labor market conditions affect a worker’s bargaining power? Which labor-market
variable would you look at to assess labor-market conditions?
Compare the job of a delivery person and a computer network administrator. In which of these jobs does a
worker have more bargaining power? Why?
The original Phillips curve is the negative relation between unemployment and inflation that was first observed
in the United Kingdom.
For some periods of history, inflation has been very persistent between adjacent years. In other periods of
history, this year’s inflation has been a poor predictor of next year’s inflation.
In the late 1960s, the economists Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps said that policy makers could achieve as
low a rate of unemployment as they wanted.
13. label each of the following statements true, false, or uncertain. Explain briefly. Without Explanations, I
will grade zero! (1 point)
When a bank has high leverage and low liquidity, it may have to sell assets at fire sale prices.
14. label each of the following statements true, false, or uncertain. Explain briefly. Without Explanations, I
will grade zero!
Banks and other financial intermediaries have assets that are less liquid than their liabilities.
Multiples
16. The price set by firms depends on the wage and on the markup of prices over wages.(1 point)
1. A higher markup implies a higher price given the wage, and thus a lower real wage.
2. A higher markup implies a lower price given the wage, and thus a higher real wage.
3. A lower markup implies a higher price given the wage, and thus a lower real wage.
4. A lower markup implies a lower price given the wage, and thus a higher real wage.
17. The IS-LM model must be extended to take into account: (1 point)
1. the difference between the nominal and the real output rate, and the difference between the policy
program chosen by the government and the interest rate at which firms and people can borrow.
2. the difference between the default and the nominal interest rate, and the difference between the policy
rate chosen by the central bank and the interest rate at which banks and people can borrow.
3. the difference between the nominal and the real interest rate, and the difference between the policy rate
chosen by the central bank and the interest rate at which firms and people can borrow.
4. the difference between the nominal and the real interest rate, and the difference between the policy rate
chosen by the government and the interest rate at which firms and people can invest.
18. fiscal contraction and monetary expansion can, for example, achieve: (1 point)
1. a decrease in the budget deficit while avoiding an increase in output.
2. a decrease in the budget deficit while avoiding a decrease in output.
3. an increase in the budget deficit while avoiding a decrease in output.
4. a decrease in the budget proficit while avoiding a decrease in output.